写作 Chapter Two
英语段落写作方法与技巧
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Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
2. 段落的主题句
主题句是一个段落中最具概括性的句子。一般包含两个 基本内容：1）本段要讨论的中心人物或事物——即主题词； 2）作者对这个中心人物或事物的态度、观点或见解——即扩 展范围或关键词。 主题句既不能过于概括，也不能过于具体。主题句过于 概括（即过于笼统或题目太大），很难用几句话说清楚，通常 会因为得不到应有的充实而显得空泛无力，从而造成不能有效 地表达主题思想。主题句过于具体（即缺乏概括性的观点）， 则无法展开段落，作者的思想就没有发挥的余地，容易造成对 一个意思的重复描述。
Part Two: Paragraph Writing
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
1. 段落的主题与主题句 2. 段落的扩展 3. 段落的结尾
Chapter Two: Basic Paragraph Patterns
1. 列举法(Listing) 2. 举例法(Exemplification) 3. 时空顺序法(Time and Space Sequence) 4. 因果分析法(Cause and Effect) 5. 比较对照法(Comparison & Contrast) 6. 分类法(Classification)
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Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
3. “转”即转折，用来表示语气的转折
although but despite however 何；然而 in other words instead of
虽然 as opposed to 与……相反 但是 conversely 相反 地 尽管 fortunately 幸运地 无论如 in opposition to 与……相反 换言之 in spite of 相反 luckily 尽管 幸运地
英语写作手册第二章
extremely hard to understand for a little kid. • Their talk is nonsense.
formal
P7
stylistic
common
P8
Informal
P8
(slang)
Compare the following sentences
After a double attempt to insert himself through the window, Michael conceded failure.
Clip 1:
Clip 2:
To learn
甲方乙方（1）
Common Or Formal ?
《五彩缤纷》的刘导：Director Liu from Multicolor 嘉宾：distinguished guest 中央电视台的春节晚会：CCTV Spring Festival Gala 普通人： a(n) ordinary/common person 签名：signature 影迷：fans 演艺圈：entertainment circle 是是非非：gossip 冷冷清清的过日子：live in peace 委托我们全权代理：authorize us to be your representative
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Compare: Big / Large
P18 Classroom Activities
• 1. If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy, notify us in writing as soon as possible. You can give this notice to any of our authorized agents.
英语写作CHAPTER 2故事写作
CHAPTER 2STORY-WRITINGTo tell even a simple story well requires some practice. An uneducated person generally tells a tale badly. He does not mentally look ahead as he tells it and plans it out(筹划，安排). So he repeats himself, omits important items, which he drags in afterwards out of place, and dwell s too long on minor details and fails to emphasize the leading points. To write a good story, you must have the whole plot clear in your mind, and the main points arranged in their proper order.In this exercise you are not asked to make up a story. The plot of each story is given to you, more or less fully, in the outlines provided. But an outline is only a skeleton; it is your work to clothe the skeleton with flesh and breathe life into it. You must try to produce a connected narrative, and to make it as interesting as you can.HINTS1. As has been already said, see that you have a clear idea of the plot of the story in your mind before you begin to write.2. Follow the outline given; i.e., do not omit any point, and keep to the order in which the points are given in the out line.3. Be careful to connect the points given in the outline naturally, so that the whole will read well as a connected piece of good composition. Otherwise the whole will be disconnected and jerky（不顺畅）. You must use your imagination in filling in the details of action, gesture and conversation that should connect one point with the next.4. Where possible, introduce dialogue or conversation; but be careful to make it natural and interesting.5. The conclusion of a story is important. The whole story should be made to lead up to it naturally, and then it should come as a bit of surprise.6. If you are asked to supply a heading or title to the story, you may choose the main character, object or incident of the story (e.g.,"The Barber of Baghdad（巴格达，伊拉克首都）," or "The Pot of Olives,"or "An Accident"); or, a proverb or well-known quotation that suits the story (e.g.,"No pains, no gains," "Sorrow's Crown of Sorrow"？, etc.)7. See that your composition is grammatical and idiomatic and in good simple English. Revise your work, and if necessary rewrite it, until it is as good as you can make it. Specimen OutlineBoy set to guard sheep-tol d to cry “Wolf!” if he sees a wolf near the flock- watches the sheep for several days-gets tired of the monotonous work-so one day shouts "Wolf !" as a joke-all the villagers hasten to his help-they find no wolf- boy laughs at them-villagers angry-plays the same joke a few days later-some villagers take no notice-some come running-finding nothing, they beat the boy-at last wolf really comes-boy is terrified and shouts "Wolf ! Wolf！”-villagers take no notice-wolf kills several sheep.Complete StoryTHE BOY WHO CRIED "WOLF !"One of the boys in a village was sent out into fields to look after the sheep.“Mind you take care of them and don't let them stray,” said the villagers to him. “And keep a good look out for wolves. Don't go far away: and if you see a wolf coming near the sheep, shout out 'Wolf!' as loudly as you can, and we will come at once to help you.” "All right !" said the boy, "I will be careful." So every morning he drove his sheep out to the hillside and watched them all day. And when evening came, he drove them home again. But after a few days he got rather tired of this lonely life. Nothing happened and no wolves came. So one afternoon he said to himself: "These villagers have given me a very stupid job. I think I will play a trick on them just for fun." So he got up and began shouting as loudly as he could, "Wolf ! Wolf !" The people in the village heard him, and at once they came running with sticks."Wolf ! Wolf !" shouted the boy; and they ran faster. At last they came up to him out of breath."Where is the wolf ?" they panted. But the boy only laughed and said: '"There is no wolf. I only shouted in fun. And it was fun to see you all running as hard as you could !" The men were very angry. "You young rascal !" they said. "If you play a trick like that again, we will beat you instead of the wolf."And they went back to their work in the village. For some days the boy kept quiet. But he got restless again, and said to himself: "I wonder if they will come running again if I cry 'Wolf !' once more. It was such fun thelast time." So once more he began shouting , "Wolf ! Wolf !"The villagers heard him. Some said. "That boy is up to his tricks again." But others said, "It may be true this time; and if there really is a wolf, we shall lose some of our sheep." So they seized their sticks, and ran out of the village to the hillside. "Where is the wolf ?" they cried, as they came up. "Nowhere !" said the boy laughing. "It was fun to see you running up the hill as fast you could." "We will teach you to play jokes," shouted the angry men; and they seized the boy and gave him a good beating, and left him crying instead of laughing.A few days later a wolf really did come. When the boy saw it, he was very frightened and began shouting "Wolf ! Wolf ! Help ! Help !" as loudly as he could. The villagers heard him, but they took no notice. "He is playing his tricks again," they said. "We won't be made fools for a third time. You can't believe a boy after you have caught him lying twice." So no one went to his help, and the wolf killed several sheep and frightened the boy nearly out of his wits.Exercise 2.Construct readable stories from the following outlines1. An old lady becomes blind – call in a doctor – aggress(攻击，挑衅) to pay large fee if cured, but nothing if not -doctor calls daily-covets lady's furniture- delays the cure-every day takes away some of her furniture-at last cures her-demands his fees-lady refuses to pay, saying cure is not complete-doctor brings a court case-judge asks lady why she will not pay-she says sight not properly restored-she cannot see all her furniture-judge gives verdict in her favour-moral.2. A jackal（豺）wants crabs on the other side of a river-wonders how to get across-tells camel there is sugarcane the other side-camel agrees to carry him across in return for the information-they cross-jackal finishes his meal-plays trick on camel-runs round the fields howling- villagers rush out-see camel in sugarcane-beat him with sticks-camel runs to river-jackal jumps on his back-while crossing, camel asks jackal why he played him such a trick-jackal says he always howls after a good meal-camel replies he always takes a bath after a good meal-rolls in the river-jackal nearly drowned- tit-for-tat（以牙还牙，一报还一报）.3. A son is born to a Rajah（印度王侯ra:ʤǝ）-the mother dies in childbirth-a young mother with a baby is chosen as nurse-she nurses both babies together-enemies of the Rajah plot to kill his son-they bribe the guards and get into the palace-the nurse is warned just in time-quickly changes the children's dresses-leaves her own child dressed as prince and flies with real prince-murderers enter room and kill the child left behind-so prince is saved-Rajah offers nurse rewards-she refuses them and kills herself-Rajah grieved-erects splendid tomb for the faithful nurse.4. A miser loses a purse of a hundred pieces of gold-in great distress-goes to town crier(沿街呼唤传报消息的人)-crier says he must offer a reward-offers reward of ten pieces of gold--the crier announces this -a few days later a farmer comes to the miser-he has picked up the purse-returns it to miser-miser counts the money-a hundred pieces of gold-thanks the farmer-the farmer asks for the reward-miser says there were a hundred and ten pieces in the purse, so the farmer has already taken his reward of ten pieces-they quarrel-farmer appeals to the judge---the judge hears the case, and asks for the purse-sees that it only just holds a hundred pieces-decides it cannot be the miser's purse-so gives the purse to farmer-the miser had overreached himself（不自量力，过于雄心勃勃而失败）.11. King Solomon noted for his wisdom-Queen of Sheba（希巴，古国名，今；也门）heard of his fame-came to visit him-impressed by his wealth and grandeur-wanted to test his power of solving puzzles showed him two garlands of flowers, one in right hand and one in left -one real, the other artificial-asks, “Which is which?”-courtiers puzzled-both garlands look the same Solomon silent-Queen feels triumphant-Solomon ordered windows to be opened-bees flew in from garden-buzzed about the Queen-all settled on garland in her right hand Solomon said the flowers in right hand real, in left hand artificial-Queen impressed with his wisdom.。
基础模块 Unit Two Writing参考范文
Writing参考范文(Textbook)English Department XFLUXi’anDear Jack:Thank you for your letter dated….I’m glad to learn that you will buy a new apartment, but I have to give you my advice about it. In my opinion, Apartment B would be better for you. According to the information you mentioned, it is larger than Apartment A, and it is cheaper. It has 3 rooms and is surrounded by lawns in a community, that is to say, it is in a very good environment. Although it is in the suburbs of the city, it is easy for you to go to work for the community has convenient traffic services. The most important thing is that it is not so expensive that you can afford it. So my idea is that you ought to buy Apartment B. I’m looking forward to hearing your decision.Take care,Jeffery Writing参考范文(Workbook)Dear Sang lan,I’m a student of a technical school. I’m 16 years old.Just now I read an article about you and I couldn’t hold back my tears. You were such an excellent gymnast and you used to have so many beautiful dreams. But the accident cruelly changed everything in your life. How unfair the fate is! However, you are not an ordinary girl. You finally face it bravely. I’m so proud of you. I think that every Chinese is proud of you as well.Life is not all roses. Sometimes it is a hard and tortuous journey. No matter what happens. We have to march forward. It is the only way we youth should take during our growth.Everyone is the master of his or her own fortune. I believe that your dream of going back to gymnastics as a coach will be realized in the near future.We are almost of the same age, but compared with you, I feel ashamed of myself. I’ll learn from you and face the difficulties in my study and life bravely as you do.Let’s work hard together and become good friends. I hope that you will recover soon.Best wishes!Yours,Susan。
大学英文写作 第二版 UNIT2=
Awareness Raising
The general grammar rule: To be used at the beginning of noun groups to refer to someone or something when a reader knows exactly who or what we are talking about, or when we go on to explain which person or thing we mean.
Eight Basic Usages (Collins Cobuild 1987)
4) Anaphoric reference—indirect (also called associative anaphora), where the first mentioned acts as a trigger for a related item. E.g. John bought a bicycle, but when he rode it one of the wheels came off.
本人从事机械领域十余年对机械液压有着较强的故障判断能力
Unit 2 The Use of “The”
OBJECTIVES
To: understand the basic use of “the” use “the” appropriately practice the use of “the”
Practice: Keys to Tasks
Task 7 1) The best 2) the wrong 3) the right 4) the same 5) The next 6) the first
基础英语写作第2章
第二部分 文 体 篇
第一节 一 般 文 体
一、记叙文 1. 客观记叙文(Objective Narration) 1) 特点 2) 写作要求和方法 2. 主观记叙文(Subjective Narration) 1) 特点 2) 写作要求和方法
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二、描写文
1. 客观描写文(Objective Description)
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一、礼仪类
2. 书信
1) 邀请函
(1) 一般的邀请函 (2) 请柬
2)
应邀函
应邀函(Reply Expressing Acceptance of an Invitation)又 称邀请信的复信，是指受邀请人在收到请柬后表示接受答复 的回复。
3)
谢绝函
谢绝函(Reply Expressing Refusal of an Invitation)是指受 邀请人在收到请柬后表示接受谢绝的回复。
2. 写作要求
(1) (2) (3) 主题明确。 提供例证。 在提出观点和例证时采用正面说明的方式。
3. 写作方法
说明文常见的组织方式有时间、过程、举例、对比、 定义、分类、因果等。
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四、论说文
1. 特点
作者要考虑如何阐述自己的观点来说服读者。
2. 写作方法
1) 归纳法
它是一种逻辑推理方式。归纳法运用到论文写作时， 需要先列举事实，然后根据事实自然地引申出一个 符合逻辑的结论。
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一、礼仪类
4) 告别词
(1) I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the assistance you have rendered me during my stay in your country. (2) I really like your company and your faculty and stuff members, who are so kind, helpful and pleasant to get acquainted with. I have learnt a lot from them. (3) Your… is an ideal place to visit, to learn from, and to do research in. (4) I do hope that we will build on the many friendships we made, and to establish relationship between our two companies in the future. (5) I wish to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to your again. (6) May the friendship ties between our two people be further developed and consolidated. (7) May I wish you every success for the future. (8) Let me propose a toast to our friendship! (9) Cheers! / Bottom up!
商务英语写作 chapter_2
➢ Dear Messrs/Mmes. Johnson: (2 or more Men/women with the same surname.)
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More Example of Salutation (2)
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Arrange the following information into letterhead or inside address:
➢LSinaFvbanizgcor Ltd/ Upstate, NY 10947/ Ms. PArห้องสมุดไป่ตู้sshildeeynNt ickols/ 28 Green St. Suite 11 ➢BCCehihijninagaF/BMineeeitjaiFnlugLrtn1d0it0u0re21Im/Bpeoijrint g&MEextpaolrLttCdorp. 283/2P4rDeEosanisdgtelDnatan/neLiSntrFeaentg/ East lane/ 234 ➢MSBDBDFaesoeibio.ninjjiinAiezngngcsgcFgcohhu,1hrleeCr0eLnny0hntgi0tdigNnu2DiarD1cie,skisCtIom.tlh.s/piBnoaertiji&ngE,xCphoirntaC/ oCrhpi.n/ a82 28DoGnrgeeDnaSnt.SStrueietet 11 Upstate, NY 10947
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Attention line
An attention line allows you to send your message officially to an organization but to direct it to a specific individual, officer, or department. However, if you know an individual’s complete name, it is always better to use it as the first line of the inside address and avoid an attention line.
小说每章总结英语作文
小说每章总结英语作文Chapter Summary of "To Kill a Mockingbird""To Kill a Mockingbird" is a classic novel written by Harper Lee, which has won the Pulitzer Prize. It tells the story of a young girl named Scout Finch and her brother Jem, who grow up in a small town in Alabama during the 1930s.The novel explores themes of racism, prejudice, and theloss of innocence.Chapter 1: The novel begins with Scout introducing her family and the town of Maycomb. Scout and Jem meet a new friend, Dill, who comes to stay with his aunt for the summer. They become fascinated with their reclusive neighbor, Arthur "Boo" Radley.Chapter 2: Scout starts school and is frustrated with her teacher's insistence on teaching her how to read. Atticus, Scout's father, explains to her why education is important and teaches her to read at home.Chapter 3: Scout gets into a fight with a boy at school who insults her father. Atticus tells her to ignore the insults and not to fight back.Chapter 4: Jem and Scout find gifts in a tree outside the Radley house. They suspect that Boo Radley is leaving them.Chapter 5: Jem and Dill try to get a glimpse of Boo Radley by sneaking onto his property. Atticus catches them and tells them to leave Boo alone.Chapter 6: Jem and Scout sneak out at night to try and see Boo Radley. They are scared off when they hear a gunshot.Chapter 7: Someone tries to stab Scout and Jem on their way home from a Halloween party. They are saved by Boo Radley, who kills their attacker.Chapter 8: The town is hit by a snowstorm, and Scoutand Jem build a snowman. They discover that the gifts in the tree have been cemented over by their father.Chapter 9: Atticus is appointed to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who has been accused of raping a white woman. The town is divided over the case, and Scout is taunted by her classmates because of her father's involvement.Chapter 10: Atticus shoots a rabid dog that is wandering through the town. Jem and Scout are impressed by their father's marksmanship.Chapter 11: Jem and Scout visit their Aunt Alexandra, who has come to stay with them. They learn about their family history and the importance of their social standing.Chapter 12: The trial of Tom Robinson begins, and Scout and Jem attend. They witness the racism and prejudice of the town.Chapter 13: Aunt Alexandra tries to make Scout more ladylike and introduces her to her cousin, Francis. Scoutdislikes Francis and gets into a fight with him.Chapter 14: Scout and Jem discover that their fatherhas been called a "nigger-lover" by some of the townspeople. They don't understand why their father is being insulted.Chapter 15: Atticus is threatened by a group of men who want to harm Tom Robinson. Jem, Scout, and Dill sneak outto watch the confrontation.Chapter 16: Tom Robinson takes the stand, and Atticus exposes the lies of the prosecution's witnesses. The townis shocked by the evidence presented.Chapter 17: The trial ends, and the jury finds Tom Robinson guilty. Atticus is devastated by the verdict.Chapter 18: Tom Robinson is sent to prison, and Atticus tries to console his family. Scout and Jem are upset by the injustice of the verdict.Chapter 19: Tom Robinson's wife visits the Finch familyand thanks them for their support. Scout and Jem learnabout the harsh realities of life.Chapter 20: Atticus is criticized by some of the townspeople for defending Tom Robinson. Scout and Jem are confused by the hatred directed towards their father.Chapter 21: Jem and Scout attend a church service with Calpurnia, their black housekeeper. They learn about the different experiences of black and white people in the town.Chapter 22: Atticus is attacked by Bob Ewell, thefather of the woman who accused Tom Robinson. Jem and Scout are saved by Boo Radley, who kills Bob Ewell.Chapter 23: Atticus learns that Tom Robinson has been killed while trying to escape from prison. He is devastated by the news.Chapter 24: Aunt Alexandra hosts a tea party for the ladies of the town. Scout is bored by the conversation and misses her father.Chapter 25: Scout and Jem are attacked by Bob Ewell on their way home from a Halloween party. They are saved by Boo Radley, who carries Jem back to their house.Chapter 26: Scout meets Boo Radley for the first time and realizes that he is not the scary monster she thought he was.Chapter 27: The town sheriff covers up the killing of Bob Ewell to protect Boo Radley. Scout realizes the importance of empathy and understanding.Chapter 28: Scout walks Boo Radley home and sees the world from his perspective. She realizes the importance of compassion and kindness.Chapter 29: Scout says goodbye to Boo Radley and reflects on the lessons she has learned about the human experience.Chapter 30: The novel ends with Scout looking back onher childhood and the lessons she has learned about prejudice, empathy, and the importance of standing up for what is right.。
英语学术论文写作(第三版)--第2章--Research Proposal
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home Main Exercise
Chapter Two Part One: Research Proposal Writing
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home Main Exercise
1. Definition of Research Proposal
Research proposal is a brief (up to two pages or more) overview of your research paper, giving the reader sufficient information about the work you have done, about the way you did it and the value of this work.
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3. Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing
The following are the common mistakes in proposal writing.
●Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question. ● Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research. ● Failure to cite landmark studies. ● Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by other researchers. ● Failure to stay focused on the research question.
关于保护环境英语作文三篇
保护环境英语作文关于保护环境英语作文三篇在日常学习、工作或生活中，说到作文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，借助作文可以宣泄心中的情感，调节自己的心情。
你写作文时总是无从下笔？以下是小编收集整理的保护环境英语作文3篇，欢迎大家分享。
保护环境英语作文篇11.Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it.Only by saving the environment can save ourselves.只有我们改变对待环境的态度,我我们才能和它更好地相处.只有我们拯救了环境,我们才能拯救自己.2.When the sky blue again,the rivers become clean,and the grass is always green,we'll live a healthier and happier life.当天空再次湛蓝,河水变得清澈,草地永远碧绿,我们才会拥有更健康更快乐的生活.3.If we go on polluting water,the last drop of water will be our tears.如果我们继续污染水资源,世界上最后一滴水将会使我们的眼泪.4.Saving oer environment is everyone's duty.挽救我们的环境是每个人的责任.5.Our earth is just our future.我们的地球就是我们的未来.6.To protect the earth is to protect ourselves.保护地球就是保护我们自己.7.Everyone should remember that we have olny one earth.每个人都应该谨记,我们只有一个地球.8.Not a clean environment,then the living conditions favourable meaningless.没有一个清洁的环境,再优裕的生活条件也无意义.9.Nature is kind mother,the butcher is grim.大自然是善良的母亲,也是冷酷的屠夫.保护环境英语作文篇21The first: English composition of environmental protection "There is only one home, the earth cannot be cloned" is quite true. Yes, there is only one home, and it is our responsibility to protect and love our homeland. But there are people who intentionally destroy the environment, harm our homeland, and harm our mother earth.In on that day, we went to the city square to play, I thought I was going in the wrong place: past there lush, occasionally also can see the butterfly in the colors of flowers, dance; People sit on stone benches and chat and enjoy a comfortable sunbath. Everything around was so neat and uncluttered... That day the people's square was a sea of people, with a thick, multicolored carpet on the floor -- all garbage, and the garbage added a heavy workload to the cleaners. There, I saw a lot of flies and mosquitoes that had long been lost, but now it was winter. The grass was strewn with garbage, and the wind blew and the garbage was everywhere, and the stench filled the square. It was a garbage dump.Now, the plum blossom has shown a brilliant smiling face, while the grass on the ground is trying hard to find the green head. And people in order to appreciate flos mume, but neglected the grass of the earth, littering the foot feet trample them at the same time, some people play also pick some flowers wintersweet flower in his hand or take pictures, it's the last straw......"There is only one home, the earth cannot clone" let uscherish the living environment around us, protect our homeland well, protect our mother earth!2Chapter two: environmental protection English compositionHi, everyone! Do you know what day is March 28th? Well, it's earth hour, the day the world lights out for an hour. What day is March 22? Yes, world water day! Have you found out, class? These festivals are all about protecting the environment.Today, we are going to send this initiative to our entire school students: protect the environment, start from me, care for the earth, everyone is responsible! On hearing the protection of the environment, some people may think: the earth is too big, we a normal primary school students, do not have the care of the earth at all! In fact, it is not difficult to protect the environment and cherish the mother earth. As long as we start from the small things around us, do a good person, see what, do what. For example, there is a small piece of paper crumb in the classroom, although not a bit small, but you just bend waist, move hands, gently pick it up, put in the garbage can, the campus is clean; Of course, you can still at home and do some useful things, like saving water, close the tap in time, taking environmental protection bags when shopping, at the same time, turn off the lights when no one else is in the home, also is a move to save electricity, although this is just a moment, a little affectations, however, many a mickle makes a muckle, and the earth will become more beautiful because of you. Of course, there are so many kinds of behaviors that can't be said.Students, for the good tomorrow, for the green earth, let us act! Take care of the earth and protect the environment from me! Thank you!3Chapter three: environmental protection English compositionThe mirror lake is a household name in wuhu city, and the outsiders come to wuhu to see the scenery. Now the scenery is beautiful, it is a good place for the public to relax. But do you know what the old mirror lake looked like? Let me tell you something.In the mid - to late 1990s, the water in the lake was enriched with eutrophication. Water quality deteriorated and water became yellow. The main reasons for the deterioration are: in wuhu city, a hospital discharge a large amount of untreated sewage and sewage into the mirror lake. Some of the less qualified citizens poured waste into the lake. The most gas is the picture lake scenic spot some staff should be washing mop in the picture lake! Slowly, the water in the lake turned yellow, and there was a lot of garbage floating on the lake, and it smelled bad. The people who came to the side of the lake covered their noses and ran away. They kept saying, "it stinks! It stinks!"In 1999 DDD 20xx, the people's government of wuhu called on the whole city to clean up the lake. First, the staff used machines to drain the lake, then the party members took the lead and the citizens dug up the mud and finally injected the clear water. My grandfather is a member of the party, he has a personal experience, the grandfather said, that labor was very tired, but improved the water quality of the mirror lake, everyone was very happy.Now people's awareness of environmental protection has been enhanced, and no one has thrown rubbish or sewage into the lake. When you come to the lake, you will see a clear lake of water, the fish swimming in the bottom, the graceful willows ofthe lake and the young grass that has just come out.With the lessons of the 1990s, we must be a civilized good boy to protect the water quality and maintain ecological balance. 保护环境英语作文篇3一、环保1. It's our duty to protect our environment.2. It is very important to take care of our environment3. We should not throw litter onto the ground4. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees5. We should plant more flowers and trees.6. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin7. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment， the world will become much more beautiful.二、旅游1. Last Sunday（Saturday，），it was sunny（rainy， windy，foggy，）2. I got up very early （late）。
写作教程第2版课件u2汇编
• Question:
• How does the paragraph achieve coherence?
• The paragraph follows the time order and uses many time indicators to make it easy for the reader to follow.
• 2) Shortly afterwards, the New England colonists laid siege to Boston, the location of the British headquarters.
• 2. In the second phase of the war, which began after the signing of the Declaration, both the British and the Americans made important military gains.
• 1. In September, he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.
• 2. A month later, he sprained his ankle, after a bad landing off the balance beam.
• 3. The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.
• 1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.
• 2) Then two years later, the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown, Virginia.
Unit 2 写作任务
主题：Which to Prefer—Private Cars or Public Transportation?正文：Reporter: Nowadays more and more families own private cars.private cars, as the product of modem civilization, have been playing a vital role in People's Daily activities. Which to Prefer --Private Cars or Public Transportation?XXX entrepreneur: First, private cars are a convenient means of transportation. You can go wherever You like. Secondly, There is no doubt that private cars will have a great impact on the economic growth. The rapid car industry will contribute much to keeping the country's economy growing at a higher rate in the future The near future.Reporter: But every coin has two sides. What do you think about it?XXX entrepreneur: The development of The private cars will "bringing about a series of problems. For example, The polluted air given off by cars will do great harm to our health. Too many private cars will lead to traffic jams and a great deal of energy will be wasted and so on. So I think we should take the advantages of private cars and make them serve us better. Meanwhile we hope that satisfactory solutions to these negative problems will be found soon.。
核心英语教程写作2第二单元作文
核心英语教程写作2第二单元作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Summer VacationThis summer was the best summer ever! I had so much fun and did so many cool things. I can't wait to tell you all about it.The first week of summer, my family went camping up in the mountains. We packed up our tent, sleeping bags, camping stove, and all our camping gear and headed out bright and early one Saturday morning. The drive up into the mountains was really pretty with lots of tall trees and rocky cliffs along the windy roads.When we got to the campground, my dad helped me pick out the perfect spot for our tent right near the little creek that ran through the campsite. The creek had lots of shallow pools that were fun to splash around in and look for minnows and crawdads. My mom got a fire going in the fire pit and we roasted hot dogs and made s'mores for lunch. S'mores are my favorite camping treat!That night after it got dark and the campfire was just glowing embers, we pulled out our flashlights and went on a night hike along one of the trails through the woods. The trees looked so spooky in the flashlight beams, but it was really cool seeing all the critters that come out at night - bats flitting through the air, owls hooting, raccoons scavenging. I wasn't scared at all because my dad was with me.The next day we went on a longer hike and climbed up to the top of a big peak that had an awesome view of the whole valley. You could see for miles and miles. I felt like I was on top of the world up there! On the way back to our campsite, we stopped and skipped rocks in one of the bigger pools in the creek. My dad is a rock skipping master - he showed me his technique and I got one rock to skip six times across the water!That night after a dinner of foil packet meals cooked over the campfire, we had a big campfire and roasted marshmallows again. We told ghost stories and my dad's were the scariest! I had a hard time falling asleep that night because I kept imagining monsters outside the tent. But mom assured me nothing was going to get me.On our last morning of camping, we had a big breakfast of pancakes, eggs, and hash browns. We packed up camp, loadedeverything back into the car, and headed home. I was sad for our camping trip to be over, but I had so many amazing memories.The next few weeks of summer I spent a lot of time playing outside with my neighborhood friends. We had bike riding competitions up and down the cul-de-sac to see who was the fastest. And we played basketball and kickball games in thecul-de-sac too since there was no traffic to worry about. A bunch of times we set up a lemonade stand and sold lemonade and cookies we baked to people walking by. We made a pretty good amount of money!We also went to the community pool almost every day. I love swimming and we had pool swimming contests - who could swim the most laps, who could hold their breath underwater the longest, who could do the biggest cannon ball. I'm a really strong swimmer, so I usually won those contests. The pool had really tall water slides too that were a blast to go zooming down over and over.One really fun week of my summer, my cousins came to visit us from out of state. We had massive Nerf gun wars in the backyard and indoor forts built from couch cushions and blankets to have epic battles in. We played video games together too, taking turns on my PlayStation and Xbox. And we hadsleepovers in the basement watching movies and eating junk food from the time we woke up until we finally crashed late at night. That week was pure chaos but I loved every minute of my cousins' visit.Another highlight was going to baseball games to watch my big brother play. He's on a travel baseball team, so we got to go to tournaments in different cities around the state. I was his biggest cheerleader, bringing funky wigs and goofy signs to wave and cheer him on. It was awesome when he'd get a big hit or make a great play in the field and I could see him glance over and smile at me in the stands cheering like a crazy person. I'm so proud of what a great player he is.Towards the end of the summer, my family took a short vacation down to the beach. We stayed in a beachhouse right on the sand, so we could easily run down to play in the waves and build sandcastles whenever we wanted. The second day there, we signed up for a dolphin watching tour on a boat and we actually got to see a huge pod of dolphins swimming and jumping alongside the boat. It was incredible!Some other fun beach activities included renting kayaks and paddling along the shoreline, searching for seashells and shark teeth on the beach, boogie boarding in the waves, and goingdeep sea fishing on a charter boat. We reeled in some huge fish! The beach at night was amazing too - the whole sky lit up with millions of stars and planets. We roasted marshmallows around the beach bonfire pit, told stories, and just enjoyed being together as a family.My summer was packed full of so many wonderful adventures and memories. I got to spend tons of quality time with my family doing all kinds of outdoor activities I love like camping, hiking, swimming, and playing at the beach. I also made lots of fun memories with my friends in the neighborhood. I'm kind of sad summer is over, but I'm also excited to go back to school and see all my classmates again. Fourth grade is going to be the best year yet - I just know it!篇2My Awesome Summer Vacation!This summer was the best summer ever! I had so much fun and did a ton of cool stuff. I can't wait to tell you all about it.The first really exciting thing that happened was we went to my cousin's house for a week. My cousin James is 9 years old like me and he's one of my best friends. We always have a blasttogether! His house is on a lake and they have a boat and jet skis and everything.Every morning, James and I would wake up bright and early around 7am. We'd quickly get dressed, grab a pop-tart for breakfast, and head straight outside to the lake. His dad would take us out on the boat and we'd spend hours tubing, knee boarding, and swimming. The water was pretty cold at first but after a while it felt awesome, especially when the sun came out and warmed everything up.In the afternoons, we'd come inside for a little bit to eat some lunch and take a little break. But we never rested for too long because we had too much fun stuff to do! Sometimes we'd go exploring in the woods behind his house. One day we found this cool cave and spent hours pretending we were explorers or cave men or whatever. Another day we took the kayaks out on the lake and paddled around looking for fish and frogs and turtles.In the evenings, we'd roast marshmallows over the fire pit and make s'mores. S'mores are my absolute favorite summer treat! Sometimes we'd build the fire up really big and tell scary stories. James always tries to scare me with his stories aboutmonsters and aliens but I never get scared. Well, maybe a little scared... but I'd never let him know it!After our awesome week at the lake, we came back home and I had a couple weeks before school started again. During those couple weeks, my friends Tyler and Sophia and I would meet up at the park almost every day. We'd have bike races, play basketball, climb on the jungle gym, and just run around having fun. A couple times we packed lunch and made it a whole day at the park.One day at the park we decided to put on a talent show for our parents. We spent a few days working on singing, dancing, juggling, and all kinds of other talents to perform. It was really fun practicing together and making up silly talents. When it was finally time for the show, we performed on the playground and all our parents recorded videos and cheered us on. We thought we were so cool up on "stage!"Another fun summer activity was going to the pool at my friend Chloe's apartment complex. We'd spend whole afternoons swimming, playing pool games like marco polo, and doing crazy jumps and dives off the diving board. I loved working on my swimming skills and doing underwater handstands and flips. I'm a pretty great swimmer if I do say so myself!When I wasn't swimming or playing at the park, I loved having lazy days at home too. I'd sleep in late, eat sugar-loaded cereals for breakfast, and watch cartoons or movies in my pjs. Sometimes I'd make epic blanket forts in the living room and camp out in there reading books and comics. My dad let me stay up way later than usual so I could finish watching movies or have extra video game time. Summer is the best for just hanging around and doing nothing!Even though it went by way too fast, this was one incredible summer! I made so many amazing memories with my family and friends. We had adventures, tried new things, and most importantly, we had a ton of fun and laughter. I'll never forget this summer. Third grade is starting in a couple days and I'm definitely not ready to go back to school and homework and waking up early. But at least I have these wonderful summer memories to look back on all year long! I already can't wait for next summer.篇3My Summer VacationThis summer was the best summer ever! I had so much fun and did lots of awesome things. First, my family went on a bigtrip to Florida. We went to Disney World and it was amazing! I saw Mickey Mouse, went on lots of rides, and ate so much good food. My favorite ride was Space Mountain because it was really fast and went upside down. I also loved the Haunted Mansion ride because it was a little bit scary but not too scary.After Disney, we went to the beach for a few days. I love the beach so much! I spent hours building sandcastles and swimming in the ocean. The water was nice and warm. One day, I even saw some dolphins swimming not too far from the shore! My little brother was scared of the waves at first but then he started having fun jumping over them. We also went mini golfing one night and I got two holes-in-one! Mini golf is my favorite game.When we got back home from our trip, I had a few weeks before school started again. I had a lemonade stand with my best friend Jessica and we made 12! We used the money to go to the movies and see the new Paw Patrol film. I got some candy at the concession stand too. After the movie, Jessica came over and we played in the backyard for hours. We came up with a fun new game where we pretended to be explorers looking for treasure. We used my old sandbox as a place to bury the "treasure" which was just some rocks and coins.My dad also took me camping one weekend at the state park near our house. We hiked some trails, went canoeing on the lake, and cooked hotdogs and s'mores over the campfire. Camping is awesome because you get to spend all day outside! We saw lots of cool birds, squirrels, and even a deer. I can't wait to go camping again. Sleeping in the tent was a little hard because it got cold at night, but my dad let me cuddle up in his sleeping bag and that kept me warm.A few days before school started, all my friends had an end of summer party at the neighborhood pool. We swam and played pool games for hours. There was even a hot dog eating contest that my friend Billy won! He ate 7 hot dogs which is just gross if you ask me. After the pool, we all went to the ice cream shop nearby. I got a banana split which is my absolute favorite ice cream treat ever. It had 3 big scoops of ice cream, whipped cream, sprinkles, cherries, and a banana. So yummy!Overall, I had the funnest summer I can remember. I got to go so many awesome places and do tons of fun activities. I played outside a bunch and spent quality time with my family and friends. Now I feel totally recharged and ready to start 3rd grade! I'm really going to miss playing outside all day and staying up late, but I'm also excited to see my friends at schoolevery day again. Maybe I'll bring in some of my souvenirs to show the class. This new school year is going to be great, I can feel it! I just hope time doesn't fly by too quickly because I want to enjoy every last second of being a kid with no responsibilities. Being a grown up seems hard!篇4My Big Adventures This SummerSummer vacation was awesome! I had so many fun adventures and made lots of great memories. I can't wait to tell you all about them.One of the coolest things I did was go camping with my family in the mountains. We drove for what felt like forever to get to the campground, but it was totally worth it. The campsite was right next to a beautiful lake with crystal clear water. We could see the mountains rising up all around us, covered in tall trees. It was breathtaking!On the first night, we had a campfire and roasted marshmallows. I had about a billion s'mores - they're my favorite! We also told spooky stories around the campfire. My little brother got really scared by the story about the crazy woodsmanwho lived in the forest. He insisted on sleeping in the tent with Mom and Dad that night.The next morning, we went on a hike up one of the smaller mountains. The trail was pretty steep in some parts, but the views from the top made it worth the effort. We could see for miles and miles in every direction. I felt like I was on top of the world! On the way back down, we saw a family of deer drinking from a stream. They were so graceful and beautiful. We stayed really still so we wouldn't scare them away.After the hike, we went swimming in the lake. The water was freezing at first, but it felt amazing once I got used to it. We spent hours playing swimming games and splashing around. I didn't want to get out, but my fingers were getting pruney. That night, we had a delicious dinner of hamburgers and corn cooked over the campfire. I'll never forget those incredible camping flavors.Another one of my adventures was going to space camp for a week. I've always been obsessed with outer space, so this was a dream come true. We got to learn all about the planets, stars, and galaxies. My favorite part was getting to go into the simulation shuttle and pretend to be an astronaut. We strapped into our seats, then did a mock launch and mission. It felt so real,like we were really blasting off into space! The g-forces pushing me back into my seat were crazy.At space camp, I also got to experience what it's like to walk on the moon. We went into a special room filled with a super fine dust to mimic the surface of the moon. With lower gravity, it felt like I was floating and my steps were really bouncy and hard to control. By the end, we were totally covered in that dust - I don't think I've ever been so filthy! But it was unbelievably fun and made me feel like a real astronaut.We learned so many fascinating things that week, like how we Get our seasons on Earth and what the different layers of the atmosphere are. My brain was just soaking it all up like a sponge.I came away with such an appreciation for how vast and incredible our universe is. The night sky will never look the same to me again.My final big summer adventure was going to Hawaii for a week with my parents. We stayed in this amazing beachfront hotel on Maui. Every morning, I could walk right out from our room and put my feet in the warm, soft sand. The ocean was the most incredible shades of blue and turquoise. I had never seen water so vividly colorful before.We spent most of our days swimming, snorkeling, and building sandcastles on the beach. One day, we went on a boat tour and got see whales up close. They were enormous! We also went snorkeling over a reef and saw hundreds of tropical fish in every color imaginable. I felt like I was swimming in an aquarium. The fish weren't bothered by us at all - a few of them even tried to nibble at my fingers!On our last day, we went to the top of a volcano to watch the sunset. What an incredible view! As the sun dropped lower in the sky, it turned the clouds bright shades of pink, orange, and purple. We could see the whole island from up there. It was such a magical experience to end our Hawaii trip.I have so many other little memories from this summer too - running through the sprinklers in our backyard, riding my bike to the pool every day, having sleepovers and movie nights with my friends. But those three adventures – camping, space camp, and Hawaii – really stand out as the most epic and unforgettable.Summer ended up being way more fun than I ever could have imagined. I got to experience so many incredible new things and make memories that will stay with me forever. Even though I'm excited to go back to school and see my friends again,I'm definitely going to miss those long, lazy days of summer. Next year's adventures can't come soon enough!篇5My Awesome Summer VacationHi there! My name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. I just got back from the most awesome summer vacation ever! My family and I went on this really cool road trip and I want to tell you all about it. Get ready for an amazing adventure!It all started a few weeks before school ended. My parents sat me and my little brother down and asked us where we wanted to go for our summer trip. We thought about it for a bit and then I had the best idea ever – let's go to Yellowstone National Park! I had learned about it in school and it sounded like the coolest place on Earth. My brother liked the idea too because he really wants to see a real live grizzly bear. Not up close though, that would be scary!My parents agreed that Yellowstone would be an awesome place to visit. It's so big and has so many cool things to see like geysers, hot springs, waterfalls, and all kinds of wildlife. We live in California, so it would be a pretty long road trip, but that just made it even more exciting! My parents started planning theroute, booking places for us to stay, and getting our car ready for the long journey.Finally, after what felt like forever, the last day of school arrived. I was so relieved because I was really bad at paying attention to my teachers towards the end. All I could think about was our awesome road trip! That night, we finished packing our bags and got a good night's sleep because we had to leave really early the next morning.The drive to Yellowstone took us about 20 hours spread over 3 days. I thought it would be super boring being stuck in the car for that long, but it was actually really fun! We played lots of games, sang songs, and my brother and I took turns picking our favorite snacks at the gas stations whenever we stopped. The best part was seeing all the different landscapes go by outside the window – it went from cities, to farmland, to deserts, to mountains. It was like being in a totally new world every few hours!When we finally arrived at Yellowstone, I was blown away by how amazing it looked. Everything was so beautiful and there were tons of other families setting up camp or checking into the lodges just like us. That first night, we rested up and got ready tostart exploring the next day. I could barely sleep because I was so excited!Over the next week, we did so many awesome things at Yellowstone that I can't even remember them all. We went hiking on trails and saw steam coming out of the ground in some areas which was crazy! We visited the most popular geyser called Old Faithful and watched it erupt which was incredible. The park rangers said it happens like clockwork every 90 minutes or so. My mind was blown by that.Another day, we went to the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone which is this massive canyon with a huge waterfall. The colors of the rocks were so pretty and vibrant. We also drove around a lot looking for wildlife and we were lucky enough to spot bison, elk, and even a grizzly bear from a safe distance! My brother freaked out when he saw the bear. We had to be super quiet so we didn't disturb it.One of the coolest things we did was go exploring in the area around Old Faithful late at night with red flashlights. Our guide told us that's the best time to see the animals come out. It was a little spooky being out in the wilderness at night, but also really exciting. We ended up seeing tons of bison just roaming around like they owned the place. We had to be careful not toget too close to them though because they can be dangerous if they feel threatened.Before we knew it, our week at Yellowstone had come to an end. I was really sad to leave, but also super happy that we got to have such an amazing experience together as a family. The drive back home felt a lot quicker than the drive there for some reason. Maybe it was because I spent most of the time sleeping and dreaming about going back to Yellowstone someday!Well, that's the story of my awesome summer vacation. I'm so glad I got to go on that incredible road trip and see Yellowstone with my own eyes. It's an experience I'll never forget! Even though I'm back at school now, the memories of our family adventure will stay with me forever. I'm not sure where we'll go next year, but I know for sure it's going to have to be just as amazing as Yellowstone to top this summer!篇6My Awesome Summer VacationSummer vacation was the best! I had so much fun and did a ton of cool stuff. First, my family went on a big trip to California. We flew on an airplane, which was really neat. I had never been on a plane before. The flight attendants gave me pretzels and ajuice box. I looked out the window the whole time and saw clouds and the landscape below. It was amazing!When we got to California, we went to Disneyland first. Wow, that place is huge! There were tons of rides and characters walking around like Mickey Mouse and Goofy. My favorite ride was Space Mountain because it was a roller coaster in the dark and went really fast. I also loved the Haunted Mansion because it was spooky but not too scary.Another day, we went to the beach in Santa Monica. I had never seen the Pacific Ocean before. It was beautiful and so big! The water was freezing cold but I didn't care. I ran right in and played in the waves. My dad buried me in the sand and I looked like a mermaid! We also rented a little sail boat and went out on the water. Seagulls kept trying to steal our picnic lunch.In San Diego, we visited the world-famous San Diego Zoo. We saw so many amazing animals up close like elephants, giraffes, pandas, and polar bears. The gorillas were my favorite because they look so much like humans but are still wild animals. One big silverback gorilla came right up to the glass and stared at me! I've never been that close to a huge primate before. The zoo also had special 4D movies where it felt like the animals were really there with effects like wind, mist, and rumbling seats.On the way home, we stopped in Las Vegas for a night. The hotels there are unbelievable! We stayed at New York New York which looks exactly like the New York skyline. There was a roller coaster going through the building and everything. The lobby had huge statues and the ceilings looked like the night sky with twinkling stars. The best part was walking down the Strip at night and seeing all the bright lights and shows. It was sensory overload in the best way!We did so much on our trip to the West Coast. I took a million pictures and have so many great memories. I can't wait to go back again someday. Sadly, summer vacation is over now and I'm back in school. At least I have all the fun times to look back on and my awesome souvenirs. Writing this essay has made me miss the trip already! Maybe for Christmas break, we can go somewhere new and exciting. I sure hope so!。
Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型
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英语写作第二章
• Answer: • As Christmas approaches, excitement goes up.
The Topical Paragraph
– Topic Sentence – Supporting Details – Conclusion
Unity and Completeness
?theylovecoolthings?cooldress?coolmobilephones?coolmp3s?moviestars?moviefans?videocdsanddvds?videogames?videogames?lackofinterestinpoliticsandsociety?tiredofstudies?emotionalsadexcitedworriedangry?sportswear?computerslaptops?answers
Lightning practice
• Write a topic sentence for each of the following topics. • “Warcraft,” My favorite PC Game
• Our Local Restaurant
• My Little Secret
• I Hate English
• A Pleasant Place to Relax in
• The Sad Movie That Made Me Cry
Read the following paragraphs and write out the topic sentence for each of them
The Structure of a Paragraph
• A paragraph must have a topic sentence. • This sentence contains the main idea of the paragraph and helps the reader understand what the paragraph is going to talk about. In most cases, the topic sentence is the most general statement of a paragraph and therefore appears at the beginning.
写作教程 第二册 答案
3.Pattern: description with supplementary explanations.
4. (1) with (3) slowly (5) With (7) Suddenly (9) ending
(2) while (4)Gradually (6) By this time (8) final (10) applause
5.
(1) into
(2) crosses
(3) In the center of
(4)Outside
(5) inside
(6) On the front
(7) over
(8)down
(9) lined with
(10) At the rear
6. This paragraph is developed in a circular order, i.e. from east to north, and then to south.
4. l) Standing in the burned-out shell of my living room was a shocking experience. Above my head were charred beams, all that remained of our ceiling. In front of me, where our television and stereo had once stood, were twisted pieces of metal and chunks of blackened glass. Strangely, some items seemed little damaged by the fire. For example, I could see the TV tuner knob and a dusty CD under the rubble. I walked through the ashes until I came to what was left of our sofa. Behind the sofa had been a wall of family photographs. Now, the wall and the pictures were gone. I found only a water-logged scrap of my wedding picture.
写作教程二_课后练习题答案
P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are needed by others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed.You can play games and surf the net through the phone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving is dangerousYou can always be reached by your parents or your bossIt may ring at the moment when you least want it toYou may receive calls from strangers or advertising companies and have to pay for them ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young peopleis the kindest neighbour I have ever knownhas a profound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English in spelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragmentDifferent countries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : Topic sentence: 第一句无关句：Many people .....to each other. 和And nowadays,....more convenience.Paragraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't st night 和I heard that .... own children.排序：574169832（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition (5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of two hours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1. During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege to Boston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey and Saratoga.3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序：4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S：My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5. Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanternsKeep dancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skipa day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2: The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3: The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4. 排序：36182475Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5. (1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance (4)Even (5)his(6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2) English teachers are applying different means to teach the English language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours since early 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his childrenP70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4. 排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a test Topic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “Zero Hour.”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports.Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2) real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game.P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3) T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序：7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6Subject: Christmas giftsT S : Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have either used ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6. (1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before(7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.排序：53624871Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical (5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency (10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could have access to learning. Second statement :Television brought a second revolution by means of the media . Supporting details: Television made experiences available to massive numbers of people.Millions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time .Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages”.Supporting details ；In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moronP120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also(8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2Sample 1 Sample 2Topic sentence: Stanford University is one of the famous institutions of higher learning in northern California. Introductory paragraph : (the first para) the main idea of the composition :Its reputation is based on its intelligent students ,distinguished faculty and growth opportunities offered to students.Supporting detail 1 :Its highly intelligent student population Body para 1 (the second para)topic sentence :The university’s standards for admission remain high .Supporting sentences: students enroll from all over the United States ,and many foreign students study there as well. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.Supporting detail 2 : Distinguished teaching staff Body para 2 （the third para ）Topic sentence :Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars.Supporting sentences ；The university staff has included several Nobel Prize winners in physics ,medicine and chemistry .Stanford’s undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business ,law ,and medicine are especially well regarded.Supporting detail 3 : its campus life Body para 3 (the fourth para )topicsentence : Culturally, the universitycampus is a magnet for students .Supporting sentences ；Plays ,concerts ,and operas are performedin the university’s several auditoriumsand in outdoor Frost Amphitheater. Guestlectures from public and academic lifefrequently appear on campus,. In theevening, many students gather tosocialize in the Student Union ‘s coffeehouse .For the sports –minded ,theStanford campus offers highly developedathletic facilities. Teamsports ,swimming ,and track and fieldactivity are all very much part of theStanford picture.Concluding sentence: It is considered comparable in quality to other longer established universities. Concluding para (the last para ) conclusion: Stanford is now generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problemsThe future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand (5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序：8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as 10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning 14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP172 5.排序：32718564P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room (4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side of (7)nap (8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzlingP183 3. T S: If blind people can sense color differences ,then perhaps we, too,are affected by colors unconsciouslyParagraph 1 : (Introduction/thesis statement)Paragraph 2: (Supporting paragraph) Topic:discoveries of manufacturers Examples: sugar,foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3:(Supporting paragraph) Topic: discoveries of experiments Examples: red,blue,yellowParagraph 4: (Conclusion:result of the discoveries)P184 5 . (1)confirmed (2)findings (3)than (4)whereas (5)as (6)if (7)together (8)lead to (9)where (10)adultsP185 6.Purpose:to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups Topic 1.1) speeds over 55miles per hour 3) keep two seconds ahead when drivingTopic 2. On highways drivers should use the four-second rule ,not the two second rule 1) The distance needed to stop a car shouldTopic 3.1)over the last half of the stopping distance 2)Some practical examples are given 3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the right time allowed to avoid accidentsP199 4.(1)However (2)open (3)too (4)because (5)as a result (6)Secondly (7)unless (8)even(9)prolong (10)delays (11)benefitsMain proposition: I am not completely satisfied with the family doctor systemMinor propositions: 1. Doctors' office hours are inconvenient2.There are delays in seeing a doctorSolution: 1.to prolong doctors' surgery hours2.for doctors to share patients。
写英语作文第二卷
写英语作文第二卷标题，《English Composition Volume Two》。
As students, we are often tasked with honing ourwriting skills through various exercises and assignments. One such exercise that challenges us to express our thoughts, ideas, and creativity is the English Composition Volume Two. In this essay, we will explore the significance of this exercise, its objectives, and how it contributes to our overall development as proficient English writers.Firstly, let us delve into the purpose of the English Composition Volume Two. Unlike its predecessor, Volume One, which primarily focuses on foundational writing skills such as grammar, sentence structure, and paragraph development, Volume Two aims to elevate our writing to a more advanced level. It encourages us to delve deeper into complex topics, employ sophisticated language, and demonstrate a higherlevel of critical thinking.One of the primary objectives of Volume Two is to enhance our ability to articulate our thoughts effectively. Through engaging prompts and topics, we are challenged to express our opinions coherently and persuasively. Whetherit is analyzing a controversial issue, presenting arguments for or against a particular viewpoint, or crafting a compelling narrative, this exercise encourages us toharness the power of language to convey our ideas convincingly.Moreover, the English Composition Volume Two serves asa platform for us to refine our writing style and voice. It prompts us to experiment with different literary techniques, such as imagery, symbolism, and figurative language, to evoke emotions and engage readers on a deeper level. By exploring various writing styles and genres, fromexpository essays to creative narratives, we develop a versatile writing repertoire that allows us to adapt to different audiences and purposes.Furthermore, this exercise fosters critical thinking skills by challenging us to analyze complex issues frommultiple perspectives. It requires us to conduct thorough research, evaluate evidence, and construct well-reasoned arguments to support our claims. Through this process, we learn to discern credible sources from unreliable ones, identify logical fallacies, and engage in intellectual discourse with integrity and rigor.In addition to enhancing our writing and critical thinking skills, the English Composition Volume Two also nurtures qualities such as resilience, perseverance, and self-discipline. Writing can be a daunting task, requiring patience and dedication to refine and polish our drafts. By persevering through multiple revisions, seeking feedback from peers and instructors, and persistently striving for improvement, we cultivate a growth mindset that prepares us for academic and professional success.Moreover, this exercise fosters a sense of camaraderie and collaboration among students as we navigate the challenges of writing together. Through peer review workshops and group discussions, we learn from each other's strengths and weaknesses, offer constructive feedback, andinspire one another to excel. This collaborative spirit not only enriches our learning experience but also prepares us for teamwork and cooperation in future endeavors.In conclusion, the English Composition Volume Two is a valuable exercise that cultivates essential skills and qualities necessary for success in both academic and professional contexts. By challenging us to express our ideas effectively, refine our writing style, engage in critical thinking, and collaborate with others, it equips us with the tools and confidence to communicate persuasively and make meaningful contributions to society. As we continue to hone our craft through exercises like Volume Two, we embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth as proficient English writers.。
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Pronoun Reference Errors
A. Divided Reference →occurs when it is not clear to which of two nouns the pronoun is referring
Divided reference: Before Ruth gave the dog its dinner, she washed it. Clear reference: Before Ruth gave the dog its dinner, she washed her pet.
Understanding Sentence
Types of Sentences According to Grammar
As to Meaning
▲ Declarative Sentence ▲ Interrogative Sentence ▲ Imperative Sentence ▲ Exclamatory Sentence
1) Position of Adverbs
※ As near as possible to the words they modify ※ Sometimes before, sometimes after→ before the adjectives or adverbs (except the word “enough”) → after the intransitive verbs
Clear reference: Daily practice is necessary in ballet training; in fact, ballet performers are often as highly trained as athletes.
Sentence Clarity
Exercises for Pronoun Reference Rewrite these sentences, correcting them for faulty pronoun reference. (1) Mr. Smith told Mr. Brown that his chickens were in his garden. (Mr. Smith’s)
2 Sentence Unity 3 Sentence Coherence
4 Sentence Emphasis 5 Sentence Euphony 6 Sentence Strength
Understanding Sentence
The Sentence
the first complete organic product of thinking the unit of style a group of words capable of expressing a complete thought
▼ Pleonastic Structure→one of the main elements is clearness repeated for special distinction
Understanding Sentence
Joys and sorrows, friends and enemies, abundance and poverty—these are the things that absorb human thoughts. → for the sake of increasing clarity
Compound-Complex Sentence→two or more independent members, at least one of which contains a dependent clause→good for a show of eloquence
Periodic Sentence→no complete thought can be got until the end is reached→good for promoting suspense, unity of expression
Compound Sentence→two or more statements of equal importance→to show contrast, inference, alternative
The Uses of Sentenincipal clause with one or more Subordinate clauses→to show the relative importance, to mark the precise relation of one idea to other ideas
Sentence Clarity
C. Weak Reference →occurs when a pronoun refers to an implied, or understood antecedent
Weak reference: Daily practice is necessary in ballet training; in fact, they are often as highly trained as athletes.
Sentence Clarity
B. Broad Reference →occurs when a pronoun refers to a verb or to an adjective or adverb clause Broad reference: If the Russians rejected communism, it would upset the balance of world power. Clear reference: If the Russians rejected communism, such an action would upset the balance of world power.
Part II Building Good Sentence Chapter Two Essential Qualities of Sentences
Understanding Sentence Section 1 The Uses of Sentences
Section 2 Some Basic Qualities of Sentences 1 Sentence Clarity
Sentence Clarity
(4) European dairy cattle can adjust themselves to a wide range of temperature, particularly if this changes gradually. (the adjustment, Or the temperature) (5) Before you give the baby its bottle, shake it well. (the bottle)
Understanding Sentence
As to Form
▲ Simple sentence ▲ Complex Sentence ▲ Compound Sentence According to Rhetoric As to the Arrangement of Sentences ▼ Periodic Sentence ▼ Loose Sentence ▼ Balanced Sentence
Sentence Clarity
2) Position of Modifiers in General As near as possible to word or words they modify
He went to town, on horseback, driving a flock of sheep.
The Uses of Sentences
Loose Sentence→not delay its parts by suspense, complete sense can be secured before the end→good for informal ease, naturalness
Section 2 Some Basic Qualities of Sentences 1 Sentence Clarity the arrangement of words should be such that the meaning cannot be misundrstood→secured by correct diction, accurate punctuation (1) Correct Diction
The work that he hoped would satisfy him completely frustrated him.
Sentence Clarity
4) Use of Pronouns Should be placed where the antecedent can be easily identified.
Tell them tomorrow to begin the work.
Sentence Clarity
◎ A squinting modifier is one that may refer to either the preceding or the following word. A modifier can modify only one grammatical element in sentence. It cannot serve two elements at once.
Understanding Sentence
As to the Structure of Sentence
▼ The Simplest Form
▼ The Modified and Enlarged Form→Complex, Compound and Complex Forms ▼ Elliptical Structure