03 实验三 碱性蛋白酶活力测定
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
实验三. 碱性蛋白酶活力测定
【实验目的】
1. 掌握测定碱性蛋白酶活力的原理和酶活力的计算方法。
2. 学习测定酶促反应速度的方法和基本操作。
【实验原理】
酶活力是指酶催化某些化学反应的能力。酶活力的大小可以用在一定条件下它所催化的某一化学反应的速度来表示。测定酶活力实际就是测定被酶所催化的化学反应的速度。
酶促反应的速度可以用单位时间内反应底物的减少量或产物的增加量来表示,为了灵敏起见,通常是测定单位时间内产物的生成量。由于酶促反应速度可随时间的推移而逐渐降低其增加值,所以,为了正确测得酶活力,就必须测定酶促反应的初速度。
碱性蛋白酶在碱性条件下,可以催化酪蛋白水解生成酪氨酸。酪氨酸为含有酚羟基的氨基酸,可与福林试剂(磷钨酸与磷钼酸的混合物)发生福林酚反应。(福林酚反应:福林试剂在碱性条件下极其不稳定,容易定量地被酚类化合物还原,生成钨蓝和钼蓝的混合物,而呈现出不同深浅的蓝色。)利用比色法即可测定酪氨酸的生成量,用碱性蛋白酶在单位时间内水解酪蛋白产生的酪氨酸的量来表示酶活力。
【实验材料】
1.实验器材
电热恒温水浴槽;分析天平;容量瓶;移液管;721分光光度计
2.实验试剂
(1)福林试剂:在1L容积的磨口回流瓶中加入50g钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)、125g钼酸钠(Na2MoO4·2H2O)、350ml蒸馏水、25ml 85%磷酸及50ml浓盐酸,充分混匀后回流10h。回流完毕,再加25g硫酸锂、25ml蒸馏水及数滴液体溴,开口继续沸腾15分钟,以便驱除过量的溴,冷却后定容到500ml。过滤,置于棕色瓶中暗处保存。使用前加4倍蒸馏水稀释。
(2)1%酪蛋白溶液:称取酪蛋白1克于研钵中,先用少量蒸馏水湿润后,慢慢加入0.2mol/L NaOH 4ml,充分研磨,用蒸馏水洗入100ml容量瓶中,放入水浴中煮沸15分钟,溶解后冷却,定容至100ml,保存于冰箱内。
(3)pH10缓冲溶液:
甲液(0.05mol/L硼砂溶液):取硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O) 19克,用蒸馏水溶解并定容至1000ml。
乙液:0.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液
配制pH10硼砂氢氧化钠溶液:吸取甲液50ml,再加入乙液21ml,用蒸馏水定容至200ml。
(4)标准酪氨酸溶液:精确称取酪氨酸50mg,加入1ml 1mol/L盐酸溶解后用蒸馏水定容至50ml,即得1mg/ml酪氨酸标准溶液。
(5)0.4mol/L碳酸钠溶液,0.4mol/L三氯醋酸溶液。
【实验操作】
1.制备酪氨酸标准曲线
(1) 取7支试管,编号,按下表配制不同含量的酪氨酸溶液。(见下页)
(2) 在上述7支试管中,分别加入1%酪蛋白溶液1ml,于40℃水浴中保温15分钟,取出后,加入0.4mol/L三氯醋酸3ml,充分摇匀,各管分别用滤纸过滤。
(3)分别吸取滤液1ml放入另7支试管中,加入0.4mol/L碳酸钠溶液5ml,福林试剂1ml,充分摇匀,于40℃水浴中保温15分钟,然后于每管中各加入3ml蒸馏水,充分摇匀。
(4) 用721型分光光度计,以0号管作对照,在680nm处测定光密度。
(5) 以光密度为纵坐标,酪氨酸含量(微克数)为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。
2.样品测定
(1)精确称取干酶粉2克,加入10ml pH10缓冲溶液,在小烧杯中溶解,并用玻璃棒搅拌,静止片刻后,将上层液小心倾入容量瓶中,沉渣部分再加入少量缓冲液,如此反复搅拌溶解4次,最后全部移入200ml容量瓶中。用缓冲溶液定容至刻度,充分摇匀,用二层纱布或四层纱布过滤,吸取滤液5ml,,移入100ml容量瓶中,用蒸馏水稀释至刻度,所得液为稀释2000倍的酶液。
(2)取3支干燥的试管,按下表编号,并严格按照表中顺序加入试剂和操作。
摇匀后,各管分别过滤,吸取滤液1ml,加入0.4mol/L碳酸钠溶液5ml,福林试剂1ml,充分摇匀,于40℃水浴保温15分钟,然后每管各加入3ml蒸馏水,摇匀。用721型分光光度计在波长680nm处,以对照管为对照,测定两管的光密度。
【实验结果】
1.本实验中碱性蛋白酶活力单位的定义:
1克碱性蛋白酶粉在pH10,40℃的条件下,每分钟水解酪蛋白能产生1微克酪氨酸,定为一个酶活力单位。
2. 本实验中碱性蛋白酶活力单位的计算:
每克碱性蛋白酶的活力单位= m / t ×f
m:样品所测定的光密度值,经查标准曲线求得的酪氨酸量(μg)
t:酶促反应的时间
f:酶的稀释倍数,本实验中f = 2000
【思考题】
1.什麽是酶活力?酶活力是怎样计算的?
2. 酶活力测定过程中应注意哪些问题?
Experiment 3. Activity Assay of Alkaline Protease
【Purpose】
1.To grasp the principle of alkaline protease activity assay and the computation method of
protease activity.
2.To learn the approach and the basic operation of enzyme-catalyzed reaction speed assay.【Principle】
Enzyme activity is the capability of catalyzing some chemical reaction. The value of enzyme activity may be expressed by the speed of some chemical reaction that catalyzes under certain conditions. Enzyme activity assay is to assay the speed of chemical reaction catalyzed by enzyme in reality.
The speed of enzyme-catalyzed reaction may be expressed with the decrease of reaction substrate or the increase of product in unit time. Usually, assaying the resulting volume of the derivatives within per unit time is applied for the sake of sensitivity. Since enzyme-catalyzed reaction speed may be reduced along with time, we must assay the initial speed of enzyme-catalyzed reaction so as to assay enzyme activity correctly.
Alkaline protease may catalyze casein to hydrolyze and generate tyrosine under the alkaline conditions. Tyrosine is aminophenol which contains phenolhydroxyl and may cause Folin-phenol reaction with Folin reagent (a mixture of phosphowolframate and phosphomolybdate). (Folin-phenol reaction: Folin reagent is very unstable under alkaline conditions; it is apt to be deoxidized by phenol combinations quantifica-
tionally and creates a mixture of wolfram blue and molybdenum blue that wears various shades of blue.) By way of colorimetry, the formation volume of tyrosine can be assayed. Express enzyme activity with the amount of tyrosine derived from hydrolyzed casein.
【Materials】
1. Apparatus
Electric-thermostatic water bath trough, Assay scale, Volumetric flask, Tubes for solution transfer, Tubes and tube shelf, Glass funnels, 721 spectrophotometer
2. Reagent
(1) Folin reagent: Add 50g of Na2WO4• 2H2O, 125g of Na2MoO4• 2H2O, 350ml of distilled water, 25ml of 85% H3PO4 and 50ml of concerntrated HC1 into a 1L round- bottom stoppered flask, mix well and reflux l0h. After refluxing, add 25g of Li2SO4, 25ml of distilled water, several drops liquid Br2, boil 15min without cap to get rid of excessive Br2. After cooling, dilute to a constant volume of 500ml by volumetric flask, filtrate, keep the filtrate in brown flask in darkroom. Add 4 times diluted water before using.
(2) 1% casein solution: Weigh 1g casein in a mortar. Make it humid with a dollop of distilled water. Then add slowly 0.2 mol/L NaOH 4ml and grind it adequately. Wash it out into a volumetric flask. Put it into water tub and boil it 15 minutes. When it is cooled off, set the volume at 100ml and then store it into a refrigerator.
(3) pH10 buffering solution:
Solution A (0.05 mol/L borax solution): Weigh 19g borax (Na2B4O7•10H2O). Dissolve it in distilled water and set the volume at 1000ml.