比较教育学重点

Chapter 5 Globalization and Implications for Education

1.What is Globalization?

A.General Introduction of Globalization

Globalization, according to Toss-Hoist, has become the central issue of our time, and will define the world our children inherit. Globalization results in the increasing interdependence and integration of countries as the result of the worldwide movement of ideas, capital, labor and goods, and is a set of processes that tend to de-territorialize important economic, social, and cultural practices from their traditional boundaries in nation-states.

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,companies and governments of different nations.

Globalization‟s combined effect on economy, information technologies, and immigration results in cultural transformation and the transference of diverse values within and between societies.

B.Multiple Conceptions of Globalization

These conceptions of globalization include economic, informational and communication technology-related, sociocultural, and philosophical/ethical dimensions.

The Economic Globalization: worldwide marketization and economic growth

a)For those who depict economic interdependence in positive terms,

globalization represents a natural and inevitable expansion of the

marketplace beyond national borders. Proponents of economic globalization

believes that society‟s wants and needs become more unified around the

world, and the cultures of production and consumption are articulated and

fostered in common terms around the world. It is optimistic about the nature

of interdependence. Market forces are best left to take their course without

intrusion by the states and their governments except to the extent that they

prepare for changes that the market makes inevitable.

b)People have the power—and perhaps the responsibility as “human

agent”—to shape markets and economic imperatives. This outlook

acknowledges the economic nature of globalization, linking it with the

political by stressing the authoritative ways in which the most desirable

products and productive roles are allocated to some but withheld from others.

c)Economic globalization has resulted in economic inequality not only within

but also across nations. It emphasizes the lack of symmetry in which the

world‟s people are able to participate.

d)Economic globalization and education: Schools have an effect on the nature

and depth of globalization‟s influences just as the imperatives of

globalization themselves influence the schools.

The Political Globalization

a)Political globalization is evident in the growing importance of international

organization. These organizations are transnational and enable states to take

concerted action without sacrificing national sovereignty. (WTO, WB, UN)

b)What globalization has changed is not the historical reality that political

power is often marshaled on the world‟s stage but that the effects and

consequences of this have become more sweeping.

The Cultural Globalization

a)Cultural globalization is the process where information, commodities and

images produced in one part of the world enter into a global flow that

'flattens out' cultural differences. (Confucius Institute)

b)What globalization has changed is not the historical reality that political

power is often marshaled on the world‟s stage but that the effects and

consequences of this have become more sweeping.

Information and Communications Technologies: the Rate and Reach of knowledge access space, time, and peoples

a)Global economy is often conceived as a “knowledge economy”, that is, an

economy “driven by information and communications technology, and the

turning of certain kinds of knowledge into economic wealth.

b)According to According to Castells (1996), information and communications