Week 13 (1)英美国家概况 专八复习
英美概况知识点总结归纳
英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位,对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家,其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位,莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家,因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素,呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力,如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁,互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力,而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代,罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国,殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初,英国逐渐衰落,但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻,但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家,并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪,美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国,对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地,双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后,两国保持了密切的关系,经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家,国家元首是君主,首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定,经过数百年的发展,形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家,总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美概况专八复习1
美国概况练习题:1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States arein____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain,最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
英美国家概况复习提纲
一、翻译题分constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制the Monarch 君主Parliament 议会House of Commons 平民院平民院/下议院The Government Party执政党Royal Assent御准(女王批准)Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁jury system 陪审团制the Conservative Party 保守党保守党the Labour Party 工党工党common law 习惯法Crown Courts 王室法院The Celts 凯尔特人Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁萨克逊人Norman Conquest 诺曼征服The Great Charter 大宪章大宪章The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战The Black Death黑死病Renaissance 文艺复兴Humanists 人文主义者the Great Lakes大湖区Secretary of State国务卿The US Congress 国会众议院国会the House of Representatives众议院The Judicial Branch司法部门the Supreme Court最高法院最高法院the Boston Tea Party波士顿倾茶事件、The Bill of Rights人权法案人权法案The Star-Spangled Banner星条旗The Monroe Doctrine门罗主义Emancipation Proclamation解放宣言/废奴宣言Frontiersman拓荒者The Civil War内战The Westward Movement西进运动英语国家概况精讲系列(一)Chapter 1 第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环,了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面,有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中,我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识,帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国(United Kingdom)英国是英语的发源地,也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成:英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家,拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外,英国还有许多著名大学,如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国(United States)美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一,也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家,各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市,如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥,每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外,美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者,许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大(Canada)加拿大是北美洲的一个国家,是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家,同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观,有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外,加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达,拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚(Australia)澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家,也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源,是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特,有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外,澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名,吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰(New Zealand)新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国,也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美,有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家,其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
8级英语国家概况必看
8级备考“英语国家概况”部分地理英国地理国土由大不列颠Britain(其中包括南边的England, 最北的Scotland & 英格兰西侧的Wales)和西边的北爱尔兰组成。
英格兰和苏格兰之间以哈德良长城(Hadrain’s Wall)为界,当初罗马人为阻止凯尔特人南下而建。
英格兰首府是伦敦(London)。
苏格兰首府是爱丁堡(Edinburgh)。
威尔士首府是卡迪夫(Cardiff)。
北爱尔兰首府是贝尔法斯特(Belfast)。
Birmingham是英国第二大城市,仅次于伦敦,被称为“工业革命的发源地”(the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution)。
Manchester被誉为棉都(Cottonopolis),是英国的棉纺织业中心,也是英国的交通枢纽。
伦敦是英国的行政中心、金融中心、最重要的港口城市。
英国最长河流是塞文河(Severn River)。
英国的第二大河是泰晤士河(Thames River)。
英格兰人约占英国总人口的80%。
英格兰人口最为稠密,而苏格兰人口最为稀少。
不列颠群岛被天然分成两部分:高地和低地。
高地地区包括北部和西部的高山和丘陵,低地地区位于南部和东部,大部分是起伏的平原。
多数英国人生活在气候温和、土壤肥沃的低地地区(lowland zone)。
本宁山(The Pennine Chain)被称为“英格兰的屋脊”(the backbone of England)。
英国最高的山峰是本尼维斯山(Ben Nevis)。
美国地理五大湖:Superior(苏必利尔湖), Huron(休伦湖), Erie(伊利湖), Ontario(安大略湖), Michigan (密歇根湖), 除Michigan外,其他四个为美加共享。
新英格兰(New England) 包括Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island。
英语专业八级人文知识
第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌):The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag(国旗): 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原):落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。
The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉):“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁,大陆分水岭。
The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区):洛基山脉等。
The Mississippi River (密西西比河):美国最长、最重要的河流。
世界上第三长的大陆河流(第一长:非洲尼罗河;第二长:南美洲的亚马逊河。
)Missouri river是其最长的分支。
其被称作:“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖:从西到东:都位于美国东北部。
其是世界上最大的淡水湖群,有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。
Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖,为世界最大淡水湖),Lake Michigan(密执安胡,五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内),Lake Huron(休伦湖),Lake Erie (伊利湖),Lake Ontario(安大略湖)The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布):在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。
Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市:地区概述:“美国”的表达有五种:The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区(哥伦比亚特区,即首都华盛顿所在地)本土有48个州,另外的两个海外州是:阿拉斯加(首府:Juneau朱诺)和夏威夷(Hawaii,主产:甘蔗和菠萝,最重要产业:旅游业,首府:Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。
专八人文常识辅导材料(英美概况)
A Survey of English-speaking CountriesI. Review重要城市,尤其是首府和第一大城市,了解这些城市的大概位置Canada: Ottawa, Toronto, Quebec, Vancouver, MontrealNew Zealand: Wellington, AucklandAustralia: Canberra, Sydney, MelbourneU.K.: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, BelfastU.S.: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Houston, San Francisco, Boston, Detroit, Atlanta1. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland2. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. CanadaB. New ZealandC. Great BritainD. The United States of America3. The first city ever founded in Canada is ______.A. Quebec.B. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal4. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.5. The largest city in Canada is ______.A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa6. _________ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York7. The capital of New Zealand is___________.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton8. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?A. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.9. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.国家首脑(区别象征首脑和行政长官),各国政体(尤其是美国)1. The Head of State of New Zealand is _______.A. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.2. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is ______.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister第2题颇有争议,各个出版社的真题和教科书说法不一致。
英语国家概况复习整理
英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言,几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。
以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况:1. 英国(United Kingdom)英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部,由四个国家组成:英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个君主立宪制国家,伦敦是其首都和最大城市。
英国是工业革命的发源地之一,对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。
2. 美国(United States)美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家,由50个州组成。
华盛顿特区是其首都,纽约市是最大城市。
美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一,对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。
3. 加拿大(Canada)加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家,是一个君主立宪制国家。
渥太华是其首都,多伦多是最大城市。
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一,拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。
4. 澳大利亚(Australia)澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家,位于南太平洋地区。
堪培拉是其首都,悉尼是最大城市。
澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。
5. 新西兰(New Zealand)新西兰位于南太平洋地区,由北岛和南岛组成。
惠灵顿是其首都,奥克兰是最大城市。
新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名,是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。
二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。
英国的文化底蕴深厚,有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。
美国是一个移民国家,融合了来自世界各地的文化,拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。
加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统,并发展了自己的多元文化。
2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。
英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达,是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
美国是全球最大的市场之一,科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。
加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点:1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿:Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前,将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期,Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立:judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政),而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年,英国议会通过了两个重要法案,建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国,煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面,墨西哥在南面,大西洋在它的东面,太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民,尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是:English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒),他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月,The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时,美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前,美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释:1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution,which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation,s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations(联邦国家)The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题:1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
专八英美国家概况
英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。
威斯敏斯特westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫buckingham palace 即英国皇宫,还有st jame s’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。
玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。
亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。
宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。
伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。
文艺复兴运动 The English Renaissance文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。
在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。
英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料英美概况复习资料英美两国是世界上最具影响力的国家之一,它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都有着重要的地位。
本文将从多个角度对英美概况进行复习,并对两国的历史、地理、社会制度、文化等方面进行探讨。
一、历史概述英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家,其历史可以追溯到公元前1世纪的罗马帝国时期。
英国曾经是一个强大的殖民帝国,统治过世界各地的殖民地。
而美国则是一个相对年轻的国家,于1776年宣布独立,脱离英国的统治。
美国的历史主要分为殖民地时期、独立战争、内战、工业革命等阶段。
二、地理概况英国位于欧洲西北部,包括大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
它与法国隔海相望,是欧洲大陆最接近英国的国家。
英国的地理特点是多山丘陵,河流众多,气候温和多雨。
美国则位于北美洲,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋。
美国是一个拥有广袤土地的国家,地形多样,包括大平原、沙漠、山脉等。
美国的气候多样,从亚热带到寒带都有涵盖。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家,女王是国家元首,但实际上的政治权力掌握在议会手中。
英国的政府体系是议会制,分为上议院和下议院。
英国的政治制度稳定,尊重法治,实行民主选举。
美国则是一个联邦共和制国家,总统是国家元首,政权分为行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。
美国的政治制度强调权力分立和制衡,选举制度比较复杂,包括总统选举、国会选举等。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义国家,拥有高度发达的市场经济体系。
它是世界上最早实行工业化的国家之一,拥有强大的金融、服务业和制造业。
英国是欧洲最大的金融中心之一,伦敦证券交易所是世界上最大的证券交易所之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体,也是全球最发达的资本主义国家之一。
美国拥有强大的科技、金融、制造业等产业,是全球创新和科技领域的领导者。
五、文化特点英美两国都有着丰富多样的文化传统。
英国文化以莎士比亚、英国文学、音乐、戏剧等为代表,具有浓厚的历史底蕴和文化内涵。
英国人崇尚礼仪和传统,喜欢喝茶、看足球等。
英美国家概况复习提纲
一、翻译题分constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制the Monarch 君主Parliament 议会House of Commons 平民院/下议院The Government Party执政党Royal Assent御准(女王批准)Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁jury system 陪审团制the Conservative Party 保守党the Labour Party 工党common law 习惯法Crown Courts 王室法院The Celts 凯尔特人Anglo—Saxons 盎格鲁萨克逊人Norman Conquest 诺曼征服The Great Charter 大宪章The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战The Black Death黑死病Renaissance 文艺复兴Humanists 人文主义者the Great Lakes大湖区Secretary of State国务卿The US Congress 国会the House of Representatives众议院The Judicial Branch司法部门the Supreme Court最高法院the Boston Tea Party波士顿倾茶事件、The Bill of Rights人权法案The Star-Spangled Banner星条旗The Monroe Doctrine门罗主义Emancipation Proclamation解放宣言/废奴宣言Frontiersman拓荒者The Civil War内战The Westward Movement西进运动英语国家概况精讲系列(一)Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1。
英美人知识资料
• C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell. D. Jane Austen.
该题是关于英国文学知识,考查的是英国著名小说家的作品, 考查作家作品
是专业该书为浪漫主义时期女作家Jane Austen所作,因此答案是D。
• 2.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? (2007 年真题第35题)
二、国家历史知识 1. 最早居民或早期居民
英国:The Iberians 古伊比利亚人 美国:The Indians 印第安人
加拿大:The Inuits 因纽特人 澳大利亚:The Aborigines 土著居民 新西兰:The Maoris 毛利人
2.重要历史事件
英国:The Norman Conquest of 1066(1066年诺曼征服)、
condensed into fourteen lines (2006年真题第37题)
• A. Free verse
B. Sonnet
• C. Ode
D. Epigram
该题是关于文学术语的问题。十四行诗(Sonnet )是欧洲的一种抒情诗体,诗句 共 有十四行,音译为"商籁体",语源于普罗旺斯语Sonnet。原系中世纪民间流行并用于 歌唱的一种短小诗歌。 自欧洲进入文艺复兴时代之后,这种诗体获得广泛的运用。十 六世纪初,十四行诗体传到英国,风行一时,到十六世纪末,十四行诗已成 了英国最 流行的诗歌体裁。产生了锡德尼、斯宾塞等著名的十四行诗人。莎士比亚 进一步发展 并丰富了这一诗体,一生写下一百五十四首十四行诗。莎士比亚的诗作,改变了彼得 拉克的格式,由三段四行和一副对句组成,即按四、四、四、二编排, 其押韵格式为 ABAB,CDCD,EFEF,GG。每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节,常常在最后一副对句中点明 题意。后来,弥尔顿、华兹华斯、雪莱、济慈等人也曾写过一些优秀 的十四行诗。因 此答案为B。
(完整word版)英美国家概况复习资料(word文档良心出品)
英美国家概况期末复习考试题型说明: 10个简答题和5个论述题。
一.简答题1.Wha.i.th.ful.nam.o.th.U.K.?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.ponent.o.th.Britis.Parliament?They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.3.Wh.di.Britai.cooperat.closel.wit.th.Unite.State.afte.Worl.Wa.Ⅱ.Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.mons?The three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.plet.academi.freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.6.Wha.ar.th.thre.categorie.o.Shakespeare’.play.an.thei.representatives?Shakespeare’edie.i nclud..Midsumme.Night’.Dream.Th.Merchan.o.Venice.A.Yo.Lik.I.an.Twelft.Night.Hi.majo.historica.play.includ.Richar.III.Henr.I.an.Anton.an.Cleopatra.Hi.grea.tragedie.ar.represente.b.Hamlet.Othello.Kin.Lear.Macbeth.an.Rome.an.Juliet.7.Wha.wer.Nixon'.well-know.contribution.durin.hi.presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions:a) brought the Vietnam War to a close;b.reestablishin.U.S.relation.wit.China;c) negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the former Soviet Union.8.Wha.ar.th.tw.characteristic.o.th.U.S.Constitution?On.i."chec.an.balances".ernment.ar.specified.9.说出三个英国的节日Christmas, Easter and "Trooping the color"二. 论述题1.Wha.ar.th.characteristic.o.Englis.literatur.i.th.20t.century?Englis.literatur.i.th.20t.centur.ca.b.roughl.divide.int.tw.periods.Modernis.an.Postmodernism.Modernis.pre .o.innov ativ.form.o.expression.Modernis.writin.seem.unorganized.har.t.understand.I.ofte.portray.th.actio.for.th.view poin.o..singl.confuse.individual.rathe.tha.fro.th.viewpoin.o.all-knowing.impersona.narrato..Afte.Worl.Wa.II.postmodernis.begins.Postmodernis.differ.i.som.way.fro.Modernism.Modernism.fo.example.tend.t.presen..fra mente.a..loss.Pos men.th.ide.o.fragmentatio.bu.rathe.celebrate.i..Modernist.loo.fo.burie.meanin.belo.confusin.surfaces.whil.postmodernist.abando.tha.search.However.ther.ar.stil.man.postwa.writer.wh.continu.traditi ona.themes.2.Wh.i.th.Unite.State.regarde.a.."meltin.pot.an.."salad"?Th.Unite.State."i.no.merel..natio.bu..natio.o.nations".Th.immigrant.cam.i.waves.includin.th.Europeans.th.A ns.Therefore.Americ.wa.describe.a.."bin e.int.on.culture.Recently.American.hav.bee.calle.."salad.i.tha.peopl.o.differen.race.an.ethni.group.mi.harmoni ousl.bu.a.th.sam.tim.kee.thei.distinc.cultur.an.custom.3.Wha.wa.th.caus.o.th.America.Civi.War?(可能该题考简答)Th.issu.o.slaver.wa.th.focu.o.America.politics.economic.an.cultura.lif.b.th.mid-19t.century.Th.souther.plant borer.t.manag.thei.plantation.an.the.regarde.th.blac.slave.a.thei.property.I.th.North bor.What'.pro ernmen.t.financ.th.buildin.o.railway.an.roads.bu.th.Southerner.wer.strongl.agains.i.an.advocate.fre.trad.s.tha.the.coul.purchas.cheape.good.fro.foreig.countries.Th.accumulatin.conflict.le.t.th.divisio.o.th.Nort.an.th.Sout.an.finall.th.Civi.War.4.Ho.i..Presiden.vote.int.offic.i.America.Wha.ar.you.idea.abou.th.America.election?..Eac.part.hold.it.nationa.conventio.ever.fou.year.t.choos..candidat.fo.th.presidency.T.wi..presidentia.election..c lion.o.dollars.trave.al.ove.th.countr.t.mak.speeches.an.debat.o.televisio.wit.th.rival.Th.gen era.electio.i.technicall.divide.int.tw.stages.Durin.th.firs.stage.presidentia.elector.fo.eac.stat.wil.b.chosen.I.th.sec on.stag.th.elector.mee.an.vot..President.Sinc.th.secon.stag.i.onl..kin.o.formality.everyon.know.wh.wil.b.th.nex.P residen.a.soo.a.th.firs.stag.i.over..thin.th.candidate.spen.to.muc.mone.o.th.electora.campaign.However.th.electio.ca.no.solv.th.socia.an.economi. problem.a.som.candidate.d.no.kee.thei.wor.afte.the.becom.President..groundwor.fo.America'.economi.development?Th.U.S.Constitution.a.a.economi.charter.establishe.tha.th.entir.nation.wa..unifie.o."common.market.Ther.merc.wit.foreig.ws.creat.mone.an.regulat.it.value.fi.standard.o.weight.a s.mentione.claus.wa.a.e arl.recognitio.o.th.importanc.o."intellectua.property"..matte.tha.bega.assumin.grea.importanc.i.trad.negotia t.20t.century.6.Wha.ar.th.characteristic.o.America.writin.durin.th.Romanti.period?Durin.th.Romanti.period.mos.o.th.America.writing.place.a.increasin.emphasi.o.th.fre.expressio.o.emotions.an.th e.displaye.a.increasin.attentio.t.th.psychi.stat.o.thei.characters.The.celebrate.America’.landscap.wit.it.virgi.for ests.meadows.endles.prairies.stream.an.vas.oceans.Th.Romanti.writer.ha..stron.tendenc.t.exal.th.individua.an.th .commo.man.。
专八考试指南+准备指导+英美国家概况习题+答案
专八考试指南+准备指导+英美国家概况习题+答案第一部分,听力。
首先听力分为三部分,说实话这部分确实挺让人挠头的,一战的时候是从十月份的时候开始准备的,当时一边考研,一边准备八级,所以时间也很紧,只能是每周日花一个上午做听力,这样的备考可想而知,用高翻的话说,tape hours明显不够,就是缺练。
准备二战是从09年1月12号开始的(考完研后的第二天),所以在第二年备考的时候每天上午都要做俩小时的听力,然后晚上头睡前(12点--12点半)再听半小时的央视九的英语新闻,这样练习很有效。
刚开始的时候大家可以先开始分专项练习,这就好比练体操的运动员,要从分解动作练起,准备八级也是如出一辙,分项练习都准备好了,心里也就有底了嘛。
1.首先是mini-lecture部分,这是个确实让人挠头的部分,刚开始练习的时候正确率比较低,所以大家一定要耐心,多做练习,反复听,其中做mini的小窍门就是答案大多是名词居多,然后是形容词,最后才是动词。
所以大家听的时候一定要对文章中的名词和形容词多留个心眼儿,还有就是一定要把握文章的结构,参考书大家可以选用冲击波专八系列---听力填空功略。
刚开始用这本书来练习,应为书中的答案讲得比较详细(对了,在最后的一部分我会对我使用的参考书做一一评价,大家敬请关注)。
练得多了,自然就有感觉了。
还有就是速记符号的使用,这个东西因人而异,所以不必拘泥于一种速记符号,只要自己能明白就好,举例来说,information--info,但是大家千万不要陷入到这样一个误区,就是光想着速记,而忘了你使用这些符号的目的,为的就是得分嘛,所以在听的时候要有个模糊的general idea,通过大约一个月左右的训练,基本上可以达到四五个的正确率了。
如果说mini部分的难度值是9的话,那么下面部分的难度值就会直线下降,但是大家依然还是要给与高度重视,因为这是八级考试。
2.conversation大家在听的时候,一定要提前读题,这不仅包括要读题的题干,还要读题的选项。
Week 13 (1)英美国家概况 专八复习
8.
The British launched the Opium War against China in ____. A. 1841 B. 1842 C. 1840 D. 1839
9.
Germany became a fascist nation, followed up by ___. A. Italy B. Hungary C. Austria D. Italy and Japan
4.
Thomas Moore’s prose writing __ was the typical work in the English Renaissance. A. Faerie Queen B. Utopia C. Paradise Lost D. Romeo and Juliet
12.
The Second World War finally ended in ___. A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1949
13.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President____ decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from getting into Cuba. A. Johnson B. Kennedy C. Nixon D. Reagan
6.
The Chartist Movement started in ___, marking the workers’ awareness in politics. A. 1837 B. 1836 C. 1842 D. 1847
英语专业_专八_英美概况复习精华汇总
填空题:1.Britain has a population of about 60.2 million, with some 248 persons living2.The English people are descendents of Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots Celts.3.The major languages spoken in Britain are English, Caelic and Welsh.4.The church if England is the established church of5.Protestant churches not belonging to Free Baptists The UnitedReformed Church Quakers and Methodists.6.The British government is established on monarchy7.The present sovereign of British is Queen Elizabeth Ⅱand Prince Charles…8.British has no written constitution customs or conventions and ordinary laws.9.Theoretically, the Queen has all the power the ministers.10.Parliament is the supreme legislative11.Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House ofCommons.12.The president of the house of lords is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding“Mr. Speaker”13.Parliament’s main functions are debating, making laws and supervising thegovernment and finance.14.For the election purpose 651 one15.In each constituency there may be majority16.The party the wins the majority17.Central responsibility for the the Lord Chancellor and partly with the HomeScotland Northern Ireland.18.In Britain the law as a whole statutes common19.The criminal law is contained in statutes while previous20.The central courts in Britain include the High Court of Justice Appeal LordsPrivy21.The three divisions of the High Chancery Family Queen’s Bench22.The local courts in England are the magistrates’23.In Britain the highest civil court House of Lords24.From the middle of the 5th three Teutonic Denmark25.The early Anglo-Saxons were worshipers of natural forces St. Augustine 7th26.In the late 8th century the Danes Alfred27.From 1017-1042 England Danish28.In early Saxon England the main classes nobles salves29.Feudalism was established in Norman30.Henry 2 is best laws courts.31.Wars of the Roses Lancastrians Yorkists weakened32.The 15th and 16th centuries decline rise33.The enclosure of land turned landless men34.The two major causes of the British Bourgeois Revolution economic Puritans35.The Commoners drew up the Grand Remonstrance in 1641.36.In the First Civil War, the king’s Cavaliers Roundheads37.The Second Civil War was 164838.England was cruelly ruled by Cromwell39.In the 17th and 18th Holland France40.After the Seven Years’ War England become41.As a result of the Industrial Revolution, the Industrial increased cities42.The rapid growth of capitalism miseries disasters43.Oliver Twist was written by Charles Dickens44.The British Empire began Newfoundland end45.The East India Company enlist army enforce law declare war and makepeace46.India served as a gangplank for47.The British Empire reached the pinnacle First48.The three features of imperialism expansion capital monopoly49.The two imperialist blocks Triple Alliance Triple Entente50.The Open University is open all51.The academic year for schools begins summer three52.The general pattern for school holidays 2 853.Each state school has a separately establishedcation in Britain is compulsory55.Primary school pupils are formerly secondary eleven-plus56.Grammar schools are so called because Latin57.Mount Whitney is the highest peak in the US Death58.The central park of US plains59.Alaska includes the mainland Aleutian60.Of the five great lakes, lake Michigan61.The famous Niagara Falls are located62.New England states have a cold climate temperate warm63.Most Americans are of European origin.64.Originally, North America was sprinkled tribes65.The first colonial people in present day WASPs66.Between 1820 and 1980 5067.Blake people in the US Negro Africa68.Black people were declared free Emancipation Proclamation69.The Constitution of the United federal separation70.The Constitution gives the executive President71.The Cabinet of the American government Department72.In legislation the Present has a veto73.In the United States treaties Senate74.The constitution says that only Congress75.The Department of state is headed Secretary of State76.The Department of Justice is headed Attorney General77.The national parks in the United States are managed Interior78.Congress has the power to make any Senate Representatives79.The two political parties that emerged in 1789 Federal Democratic-Republic/Anti-Federal 1980.The two parties that have taken turns Democratic Republican81.National conventions of the two parties four Presidential Vice-Presidentplatform82.The national committees of the two parties election campaign money83.The party that wins a majority of popular votes84.The presidential candidate who gets electoral85.If no candidate receives a majority House of Representatives Senate86.In 1951 Congress passed an amendment two ten87.If a President dies or resigns the Vice-President88.The earliest inhabitants in America American Indians Asia Bering Strait89.Influenced by Marco Polo’s famous travel book90.Christopher Columbus discovered 1492 India91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci92.In the early colonization of Americas Brazil South America Mexico StLawrence Five Great Lake93.The two joint-stock companies Virginia Company of Plymouth VirginiaCompany of London94.The first English colony set up Jamestown95.In 1962 a group of Puritans sailed Pilgrims New England96.As a son of the Enlightenment, Benjamin Franklin97.The Enlightenment in America provided theoretical philosophical98.After the French and Indian War Mercantilist markets manufacturing99.One of the Navigation Acts British100.The Declaratory Act passed by Economic101.The British government developed a system of external102.The motto of the colonies was representation103.The United States purchased Louisiana104.In 1819, the United States Spain105.The United States annexed Texas106.The United States forced England Oregon107.In 1867, the United States purchased the territory Czarist Russia108.In February 1861, six of Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis 109.The American Civil War began on April 12 Summer110.On September 22, 1862 Emancipation111.On April 9, 1865 Richmond Grant Appomattox112.The American Civil War is also called Bourgeois113.In 1899 US imperialism Open Door114.The united states entered the First World War 1917115.The fourteen-point program seas League116.The Japanese attacked Pearl117.In the first two decades after World War 2 Cold containment contention118.President Nixon visited China 72 1979119.Secondary education in the United States junior senior vocationaltechnical academic120.It is the faculty of the colleges121. A major purpose of the land-grant provides services122.According to their year of study freshmen sophomores juniors seniors 123.During the first two years of study, college students survey introductory 124.Midyear exams are given at the end the next semester125.The number of credits for a course credits hours each week126.During the third and fourth years of college subject名词解释:1.The House of Lords 上议院2.The House of Commons 下议院3.The Lord Chancellor 大法官/上院议长4.The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods 农业,渔业和粮食部5.The Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交和联邦事务部6.The Home Office 内政部7.The Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣8.The Lord President of the Privy Council 枢密院长9.The Lord Privy Seal 掌玺大臣10.The Minister without Portfolio 不管(部)大臣11.Fabian Society 费边社12.High Court of Justice (英格兰)高等法院13.Returning Officer 负责选举的官员14.Crown Court 巡回法院15.Monster Raving Loony Party 怪物疯话疯子党16.The Lord Chancellor 大法官17.Home Secretary 内政大臣18.Secretary of State for Scotland 苏格兰国务大臣19.Magistrate courts 地方/治安法院mon law 习惯法21.The Chancery Division 大法官庭22.The Family Division 家事庭23.The Queen’s Bench division 王座庭24.Lord Chief Justice 高等法院院长25.The Court of Session 民事庭26.Justices of the Peace 治安推事27.CID 英国刑事侦缉厅28.Iberians 伊比利亚人29.Celts 凯尔特人30.Gaels盖尔人31.Roman Conquest 罗马征服32.Anglo-Saxon Heptarch盎格鲁-撒克逊七国33.Edward, the Confessor 爱德华(信教者)34.Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役35.Doomsday Book 末日审判书36.The Great Charter 大宪章37.All Estates Parliament 各级会议38.Model Parliament 模范会议39.Separation of powers 三权分立40.The National Security Council 国家安全委员会41.The Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局42.“pocket veto”搁置否决权43.Congress 国会44.The United States Information Agency 美国新闻总署45.The Supreme Court 最高法院46.Judicial review 司法复审连线:1.Liverpool the district of Merseyside2.Hull the fishing center3.Sheffield the steel manufacturing center4.Manchester the former center if textile5.Glasgow the largest city in Scotland6.London the largest city in Britain7.Birmingham the second largest city in Britain8.Belfast the capital of Northern Ireland9.Edinburgh the capital of Scotland10.Cardiff the capital of Wales1.Department of state foreign affairs2.… of interior welfare of Indians3.…of defense national security4.…labor settling labor disputes5.…justice federal prisons6.…commerce issuing patents7.Treasury department government finances Information Agency operating the VOA9.Department of energy energy conservation10.Post service operating post offices排序:1.The black death2.the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses3.wat tyler’s uprising4.the outbreak of the hundred years’ war5.the re-organization of6.the call of the long parliament7.the call of short parliament8.the execution of Charles 19.the “glorious revolution”10.the restoration of Charles 2。
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12.
The Second World War finally ended in ___. A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1949
13.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President____ decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from getting into Cuba. A. Johnson B. Kennedy C. Nixon D. Reagan
4.
Thomas Moore’s prose writing __ was the typical work in the English Renaissance. A. Faerie Queen B. Utopia C. Paradise Lost D. Romeo and Juliet
10.
The surrender of ___ marked the end of anti-fascist World War II. A. Italy B. Germany C. Japan D. Austria
11.
The Truman Doctrine was directed against ___. A. Nazi fascism B. Communism C. Japan D.
____ set up Privy Council, and began to carry out the reform in church. A. Henry VII B. Henry I C. Henry VIII D. Henry VI
3.
The Church of England was established during the reign of ____, with the King or Queen as the head, and broke away from the Roman Church. A. Mary I B. Victoria C. Catherine D. Elizabeth I
8.
The British launched the Opium War against China in ____. A. 1841 B. 1842 C. 1840 D. 1839
9.
Germany became a fascist nation, followed up by ___. A. Italy B. Hungary C. Austria D. Italy and Japan
Week 13 (1)
Review (the U.K.)
1.
a. b.
c.
d.
With the support of the new nobles and bourgeoisie, Henry Tudor came to throne as ____ and started the Tudor Monarchy. Henry II Henry VII Henry VIII Henry V
5.
In order to escape from the persecution, many Puritans were forced to leave England and immigrated abroad in the period of ___. A. James I B. Henry VII C. William I D. Henry VII
6.
The Chartist Movement started in ___, marking the workers’ awareness in politics. A. 1837 B. 1836 C. 1842 D. 1847
7.
In 1588, England defeated the ___ fleet to seize world hegemony. A. French B. Spanish C. Irish D. Italian