英文摘要写作.ppt
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• 领悟汉语中所隐含的逻辑关系，运用适 当的关联词语对原文结构进行必要的变 动；
• 注意中英文差别，遵循并使用英文习惯 用法。
五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 语法方面：
– 多使用行为抽象名词与动词相应的名词形式，有助 于用少语言表达更多信息；
– 用单个词代替词组。
• 句法方面：
– 运用长句多于短句，简单句多于复合句； – 中文摘要惯用无人称句，长句出现也较频繁，翻译
is (was/has been/will be)
these studies
to obtain …
to evaluate …
to find out …
to establish…
to asses …
3.The present study The above study This investigation
– 背景与目的 – 内容与方法 – 结果、结论与前景
• 句子结构特点：
– 句首传递信息要点的句子多 – 被动语句多，定语、补语多
三、英文摘要常用句型
• 常用于摘要开头部分：
1.(In this paper,)
the results of A simple method for …cases of the …approach for an attempt to (do)
• 指示性（概括性）摘要：多用于理论性较强的 论文，主要概括论文的主要观点、研究范围、 分析过程、内容梗概和结论，并不定量报道其 具体内容，如具体数据等。
• 信息性（报道性）摘要：多用于实验Байду номын сангаас和技术 性较强的论文，主要报道论文的研究成果、数 据和结论。
二、英文摘要的特点
• 语言特点：准确、简洁、明了 • 结构特点：
• 语态方面：被动
– 可避免提及文章的作者或动作的执行者； – 突出摘要的客观性； – 突出要表达的有关信息
• 缩略语
Avoid the use of “it” and “this”
• example 1
– The prediction were compared with the experimental results. It was found that … (bad)
时，不应以汉语的自然句来硬译，须重新安排。
五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 时态方面：
– 一般现在时：用于介绍研究目的、内容、结 果、结论等客观事实；
– 现在完成时：用来说明论文的发展背景，表 示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或项目；
– 一般过去时：用于说明某一具体项目的发展 情况，介绍已进行的研究、实验等。
五、英文摘要翻译要求
2. The studies The results The tests The researches
(have) shown (have) suggested illustrated revealed
that …
四、英文摘要翻译原则
• 要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬 硬译，即避免“中国式英语”；
Do not use excessively long sentences • example 3
This is because ofA a high dc current or which is equivalent to a low ambient temperature,
英文摘要写作
第二次习题课
Abstract
• Reading by many people---Advertise! • Summarize paper • Self-contained • Brief(100~200words) • No figures or references
一、英文摘要的类型
aim to
clarify … determine … establish … demonstrate … provide evidence for bring out …
•常用于摘要结尾部分
1.The studies we have performed These pioneer studies attempted by us The studies initiated in their laboratory We carried out several studies which All further investigations show have shown (have) demonstrated that… (have) suggested (have) revealed
– The results showed that … (better) – Comparison of the predicted and
experimental results shows that … (best)
Avoid the use of “it” and “this”
• example 2
is (are) presented described (through…) reported (under…) discussed (along with) analyzed
aim
purpose
2.The chief object
of
objective
the present study
this investigation the research
was (has been)
designed made carried out performed attempted
with a view to in order to to
clarify … determine … establish… point out … demonstrate …
4. Our studies Their pioneer studies These investigations
– It is obvious that the electric current had little effect on the convective heat transfer coefficient but is caused large changes in Table 1. (bad)
– The data in Table 1 shows that … (good)
• 注意中英文差别，遵循并使用英文习惯 用法。
五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 语法方面：
– 多使用行为抽象名词与动词相应的名词形式，有助 于用少语言表达更多信息；
– 用单个词代替词组。
• 句法方面：
– 运用长句多于短句，简单句多于复合句； – 中文摘要惯用无人称句，长句出现也较频繁，翻译
is (was/has been/will be)
these studies
to obtain …
to evaluate …
to find out …
to establish…
to asses …
3.The present study The above study This investigation
– 背景与目的 – 内容与方法 – 结果、结论与前景
• 句子结构特点：
– 句首传递信息要点的句子多 – 被动语句多，定语、补语多
三、英文摘要常用句型
• 常用于摘要开头部分：
1.(In this paper,)
the results of A simple method for …cases of the …approach for an attempt to (do)
• 指示性（概括性）摘要：多用于理论性较强的 论文，主要概括论文的主要观点、研究范围、 分析过程、内容梗概和结论，并不定量报道其 具体内容，如具体数据等。
• 信息性（报道性）摘要：多用于实验Байду номын сангаас和技术 性较强的论文，主要报道论文的研究成果、数 据和结论。
二、英文摘要的特点
• 语言特点：准确、简洁、明了 • 结构特点：
• 语态方面：被动
– 可避免提及文章的作者或动作的执行者； – 突出摘要的客观性； – 突出要表达的有关信息
• 缩略语
Avoid the use of “it” and “this”
• example 1
– The prediction were compared with the experimental results. It was found that … (bad)
时，不应以汉语的自然句来硬译，须重新安排。
五、英文摘要翻译要求
• 时态方面：
– 一般现在时：用于介绍研究目的、内容、结 果、结论等客观事实；
– 现在完成时：用来说明论文的发展背景，表 示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或项目；
– 一般过去时：用于说明某一具体项目的发展 情况，介绍已进行的研究、实验等。
五、英文摘要翻译要求
2. The studies The results The tests The researches
(have) shown (have) suggested illustrated revealed
that …
四、英文摘要翻译原则
• 要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬 硬译，即避免“中国式英语”；
Do not use excessively long sentences • example 3
This is because ofA a high dc current or which is equivalent to a low ambient temperature,
英文摘要写作
第二次习题课
Abstract
• Reading by many people---Advertise! • Summarize paper • Self-contained • Brief(100~200words) • No figures or references
一、英文摘要的类型
aim to
clarify … determine … establish … demonstrate … provide evidence for bring out …
•常用于摘要结尾部分
1.The studies we have performed These pioneer studies attempted by us The studies initiated in their laboratory We carried out several studies which All further investigations show have shown (have) demonstrated that… (have) suggested (have) revealed
– The results showed that … (better) – Comparison of the predicted and
experimental results shows that … (best)
Avoid the use of “it” and “this”
• example 2
is (are) presented described (through…) reported (under…) discussed (along with) analyzed
aim
purpose
2.The chief object
of
objective
the present study
this investigation the research
was (has been)
designed made carried out performed attempted
with a view to in order to to
clarify … determine … establish… point out … demonstrate …
4. Our studies Their pioneer studies These investigations
– It is obvious that the electric current had little effect on the convective heat transfer coefficient but is caused large changes in Table 1. (bad)
– The data in Table 1 shows that … (good)