英语翻译与选词
大学体验英语综合教程三翻译与选词填空
大学体验英语3期末知识点Unit5-unit8翻译1.为什么人们要在旅行上花费这么多的时间和金钱呢？Why is it that people spend so much time and money on traveling?2.乘飞机旅行又快又安全，难怪是旅行者的首选Traveling by air is quick and safe. No wonder it is a popular choice for travelers3.我们学校的大部分学生都选了网页设计这门课，计算机中心里白天晚上都挤满了人。
Most of the students in my collage have enrolled in the course of web page design and the computer center is always filled with people day and night.4.我一直梦想着朋友遍天下。
多亏了网络，我的梦想终于实现了。
It has always been my dream to have friends all over the world. Thanks to the Internet, my dream has come true.5.网上免费的信息，方便的交流，诱人的游戏，这就是互联网Free information on-line, convenient communication with friends, attractive games, this is what the Internet is all about.1. 他悲叹一声，对我们说他年轻时也曾风光一时。
（with a sigh / have seen a better day）He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow and told us that he had seen a better day when he was young.2. 他有极强的责任感，这就是为什么他被选中掌管这个项目。
2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点
2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点词汇和句式是语言的重要部分，要做好汉英短文翻译，关键是选择恰当的词汇和句式。
词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章译得好不好，能不能达意，都与选词有密切的关系。
要选好词，须注意以下几点：一、词义要确切应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。
每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。
二、选词要贴切翻译时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。
英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。
三、用词要通俗易懂用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响译文效果。
四、用词要简洁有力简洁是为了清晰，译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。
因此翻译时要避免用词重复罗嗦。
五、选词要多样化用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力而选词多样化可以加强语言的表现力，使译文的表达更丰富。
举例来说，“北京是中国的首都，名胜古迹甚多”这句话该怎么译成英文?按照英语表达习惯，在译成英语时要把句中的“是中国首都”处理成次要信息，把这部分当成“北京”的同位语处理，这样就译成：Beijing，the capital of China，has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty.过这种手段可以使句子在逻辑和思想上连接起来，一方面突出了重要信息，另一方面也使语言更为紧凑。
【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧
【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧选词，即选义择词，贯穿于整个翻译的实际操作过程之中。
这里的“词”指表达某一实体或整体性概念的单词、词组和短语。
“选义”是由人类语言的一词多义现象决定的。
任何一种发展完备的人类语言，其中的大部分词汇都是一词多义。
例如单词charge动词含义有两个，在科技英语的环境下是“充电”，而在日常生活中是“索取（费用）”。
名词通常是指“电流”。
该如何措辞则要看具体语境了。
此外，英语中有一些名词，同时有两个形容词，比如名词sun，它的形容词可以是sunny，也可以是solar，这里就有个辨义和确定词义的问题。
另外，语言使用中还普遍存在着一义多词的现象，即同一意思对应不同的词语。
现代英语中不仅有许多词汇是从古英语演变而来，还有约80%的词汇从外国输入，经过历史变迁，这些词汇并存和融合，使英语一词多义，一义多词的现象特别普遍。
因此译者除了具有辨义这项本领外，还要具备“择词”这方面的技巧。
无论是“选义”，还是“择词”，都离不开具体的语境。
英国翻译理论家纽马克说，没有词是完全孤立的(No word is an island entire to itself.)，词的意义必然受到前后相邻词句的影响。
从词语与语境的关系看，有些词基本不受语境影响(context-free)，如意义相对固定单一的专有名词、科技术语、数量词等；有些词则受语境制约(context-bound)，如那些含有感情色彩、价值判断且意义极为丰富的普通名词、形容词、动词、副词等。
对于这些词语，先利用各种手段确定其意，然后恰当措辞表达。
下面介绍两种确定词义的方法。
一、根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义理解原文是整个翻译过程的第一步。
这是最关键、也是最容易出问题的一步。
以下我们通过翻译实例来具体讲解在理解原文的前提下如何根据上下文确定词义：A．意群拆分确定词义：“In short”， a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerabl e directions.”本句可以分四个意群来确定词义：第一个意群：in short 简言之 school 学派 contend 坚持认为，争辩，讨论第二个意群：the scientific revolution 科学革命（不可译为“科技革命”）as wecall it 所谓的第三个意群：largely 在很大程度上 a series of 一系列 instruments 器具、仪器第四个意群：expand 拓展 reach 影响范围 innumerable 无数的、数不清的 direction 方面Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassionate manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.本句可以分三个意群来确定词义。
英译汉常用方法简述
人们在进行英译汉时，为了把英语句子表达的清楚并更符合汉语习惯，往往采用不同的翻译方法。现将人们常用的几种英译汉的方法介绍给大家，供翻译爱好者参考。
1． 选词法：
英语同汉语一样，有一词多义的现象。因此，在进行英译汉时，译者必须弄懂英语句子结构后，选出关键词最佳的词义。这种方法叫做选词法。但必须注意，在选词义时，首先应确定该词的词类，这样才能保证与原文不变。如：
与这个女孩结婚，他有点吃不消。（浅化法）
9. 倒译法：
英译汉时，有时会采取倒译手段使译文更符合汉语习惯。如： a. I shall have it where I want her.
我要它向东，它就不敢向西。
当然，在进行日常英译汉时，并不是所有的英语句子一定要按照上述介绍的翻译方法才能译成汉语，并且有些句子确实是无法按规则翻译的。因此 译者只要是用精炼、通俗和明了的汉语翻译出原文的原汁原味，就可说是成功了。
我喜欢中国食品。现在很多人都喜欢。这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！
e. He has been pursued, day by day and year by year, by a most phenomental
a stonishing luckiness.
日复一日， 年复一年，他一直是吉星高造，无与论比。这真是令人惊叹。
a. － The son: How much did you suffer?"
－ The old man: " Plenty."
孩子： "你吃了多少苦"？
老人："一言难尽"
这里"plenty" 不译作"很多"，而译作"一言难尽"更佳。
英语选词填空+翻译
4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.applaud mirror entail strive consequentlysuppose dly devalueflexibility obligation fulfill1.Taxes are an which may fall on everybody.2. We the authority's decision not to close the hospital.（3. The doctor's instructions must be exactly; the sick man's life depends on it.2.4. Do these opinion polls really what people are thinking?5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to in use of words and phrases.3.6. In her office memos she tended to the work done by her staff.）7. The history of train transport has partly been a history of for greater efficiency and profit.8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it .9. He is one of the greatest experts in this field.10. Absolute secrecy is essential , the fewer who are aware of the project the better.4.Answer: 1.obligation, 2.applauded, 3.fulfilled, 4.mirror,5.flexibility,6.devalue,7.striving,8.entailed ,9.supposedly , 10.Consequently8. Translate the following sentences into English.1.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。
英语翻译--汉译英2 汉英词汇比较与翻译
4. 跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义 胆小如鼠: as timid as a rat/rabbit 落汤鸡: a drowned rat 养虎为患: to cherish a snake in one’s bosom 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole 如鱼得水: like a duck to water 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/mule 像热锅上的蚂蚁： Like a hen on a hot girdle
3.根据搭配选择合适的词义
身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study hard and work hard. 化 经济法制化: manage economic affairs within a framework 经济全球化: economic globalization 社会知识化: build a knowledge-driven society 国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production
3. 他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。
4. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 5. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 6. 你应该听从医生的意见。 7. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。
8. 还有些未完成的事要处理。
9. 我们就这件事请教过他。 10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。
艺术英语翻译语境与选词
美术英语翻译的特点与基本方法
• 在翻译过程中，不能只是简单的辨认单词和分析语法，还 要强调译文的统一性，也就是要求译者对原文要全面、透 彻、正确的领悟，并且做到内容和形式的统一。由此令人 想到直译与意译相互之间的关系问题。
• 此外作为艺术的一个分支，美术有其自身的历史、传统和 专用词汇。也正是因为美术翻译有其较强的专业性，因此 它不仅要求译者具备应有的英文修养、中文修养，还要求 译者应具备专业的美术知识背景，尽量多的懂得必要的创 作手段和创作媒介，这样才能正确的理解原文。
选词
• 选词，即选义择词，贯穿于整个翻译的实际操作过程之中。这里的 “词”指表达某一实体或整体性概念的单词、词组和短语。“选义” 是由人类语言的一词多义现象决定的。任何一种发展完备的人类语言， 其中的大部分词汇都是一词多义。
• 例如单词charge： 动词含义有两个，在科技英语的环境下是“充 电”，而在日常生活中是“索取（费用）”。名词通常是“电流”的 含义。该如何措辞则要看具体语境了。此外，英语中有一些名词，同 时有两个形容词，比如名词sun，它的形容词可以是sunny，也可以是 solar，这里就有个辨义和确定词义的问题。另外，语言使用中还普遍 存在着多词一义的现象，即同一意ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้对应不同的词语。在英语里，一 词多义是非常常见的，这与英语的多源生有关。现代英语中不仅有许 多词汇是从古英语演变而来，还有约80%的词汇从外国输入的，经过 历史变迁，这些词汇并存和融合，使英语一词多义，一义多词的现象 特别普遍。
• 例如：
• 1、增词法： There are no line in nature 原译：实际上没有线条。 改译：对象本身实际上没有线条。 2、减词法： When you go to work on that big blank sheet of watercolor, you’ve nothing to worry about but the watercolor itself. 原译：当你在那张大幅的空白的水彩纸上（正式）作画时，除了水彩本身之 外，你就没有什么别的东西可担心的了。 改译：当你正式做画到大幅水彩画纸上时，除了水彩本身外，就不用担心别 的了。 3、正译法： One cannot think of such work today without remembering the Florence flood of 1966-one of the worst single blows to art in history.(原文反说） 原译：想到文物修复工作是，人们不能不记起1966年佛罗伦萨的大水灾—— 历史上对艺术品破坏严重的一次灾害。 改译：想到文物修复工作时，人们都会记起1966年佛罗伦萨那场打水——这 场灾害，在历史上也是对艺术品破坏最严重的一次。（原文正说）
英语选词填空&翻译
选词填空题&翻译1：She didn’t like to discuss her decision to leave the company.她不喜欢讨论她要离开公司的决定2：After the accident it took a long time before she had the confidence to get on a plane again.事故发生之后很长时间，她才有了再次乘坐飞机的信心3：She’s warm-hearted and hardworking ,and I believe she can become an excellent teacher.她热心而且勤奋，我相信她能成为一位优秀的教师4：The poor man is holding down three jobs at the same time in order to support his family. （in order to为了...）这个可怜的人为了养家，同时做着3份工作5：The failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives.国际社会的失败，有效的处理这个问题影响着成千上万人的生活（deal with the problem 处理，应付）6：I took advantage of the good weather to paint the wall.我利用这个好天气刷墙1：The river was swelling rapidly with the constant rain.一直下雨，河水迅速地涨起来了2：They were leaning forward, facing each other.他们身体前倾，脸对着脸3：We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们对于找到这样一座(停留在)原始状态的庙宇感到惊讶4：They fell in love with each other at first sight and got married five weeks later.他们一见钟情的爱上了彼此，五周后就结婚了5：The room was untidy , dusty ,and much used.房间很凌乱，很多灰尘，用过很久了6：I once dreamt of her as an angel with golden wings.我曾梦见她像一个拥有金色翅膀的天使7：Just within the entrance there were piles of horse dung.就在入口有一大堆的马粪8：Dad gave us a lecture about our table manners.父亲给我们讲了关于餐桌礼仪的事情1: At his command, soldiers opened fire.在他的命令下，士兵开火了（mand在...命令下）2: Fred could finish his work in less time if he were more efficient.弗莱德能在更短的时间内完成他的工作，如果他效率更高一些的话3: I don’t feel like going to that party; in addition, I have a bad cold, so I shouldn’t go.我不想去那个聚会，此外，我得重感冒了，所以我不该去4: This showed their love and loyalty to Lenin and the Party he had built.这些显示了他们对列宁及其建设的党的热爱和忠诚5: Christianity, Islam and Buddhism are the great religions of the world.基督教、伊斯兰教和佛教是世界上主要的宗教6: Rice thrives in this hot weather.水稻在这种热天气中生长旺盛1: Bill slept a little until he was awaken to take his turn on guard.比尔睡了一会直到被叫醒去轮流哨兵2: He long for the good old days when teachers were shown respect.他渴望以前那些教师受到尊重的美好时光.3: The President’s absence has given birth to suspicion about his health.总统的缺席让人们产生了对他健康的怀疑4: At the close of trading on the stock market, China Mobile shares were up to $37. 证券市场收市时，中国移动股市是37美元5: Ryan sat on the floor by the fire, with her plate on her lap , and tucked in.瑞安坐在火旁的地板上，她把碟子放在膝盖上.尽情的吃着6: Don’t confuse the means with the ends.不要把原因和结果混淆了7: Left all alone in her room , she was in despair.让她一个留在房间，她很绝望8: Her lip quivered, and tears rolled down her cheeks.她的嘴唇颤抖着，眼泪顺着脸颊滚了下来9: I’d like to take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.我想借此机会谢谢你们努力的工作10: Trees and bushes have blossomed with new life at the dawn of a new season. 树和灌木都开花了，新的生命在新的季节的黎明到来了11: How life began on Earth is one of the great mysteries of science.地球上的生命是如何开始的是一个伟大的科学之谜12: His letters reveal a different side of his personality.他的信件暴露了他性格不同的一面。
翻译选词技巧
31108040
词义选择
注意词义的褒贬：由于人们对事物态度 不同，就会使用含有不同感情色彩的词， 如肯定、否定、尊敬、诅咒、庄严、幽 默、鄙视等，在翻译时，要选用相应的 词语将它表达出来
1、那个小女孩非常天真。
2、那个女孩真天真，居然相信那个男人说 的话。
1、That little girl is very innocent.
本句中的“天真”，没有恶意，是褒义词，故译 为innocent
2、How naive that girl is to be taken by what that man said. 本句中的天真，显然带有贬义色彩，故译为 naive.
1、这次成功使他名声大振。
2、这件事关系到他的名声。 3、他在生前名声极坏。 1、This success greatly enhanced his fame. 本句中的’名声”指“好的名声”，故译为为fame 2、This matter concerns his reputation. 本句中的名声，既非指好名声，也不指坏名声。所 以用reputation这个中性词来翻译。
1、Because once you know how you are and how other people see you, you can then get into the driver’s seat.
译：因为你一旦了解了自己的状况和别人对 你的看法，你就能掌握主动权。 Driver’s seat 本意是“驾驶座”，在此抽 象引申为“主动权”，因为坐在驾驶座上的 人往往控制着行进的方向和目标。
3、It is unfair that historians always attribute the fall of kingdoms to Helen of Troy.
小议汉译英词语选择的注意事项
小议汉译英词语选择的注意事项我们在翻译时，遇到一个具体的词或短语的翻译，首先要解决一个选词的问题，正确选词是保证译文质量的前提。
选词是否恰当，取决于译者对原文的理解能力和对英语的掌握水平。
如果译文是给一般读者看的，就应通俗易懂，句子结构简单一点，尽量少用生僻词汇。
莎士比亚曾说过：“简洁是语言的灵魂。
”因此汉英译文应力求词汇更简洁，句型更简化。
一、根据上下文语境选择词汇确切理解原文词义是正确选词的前提，首先就要求对原文的上下文进行推敲，根据上下文正确理解原文的词义。
我国英语初学者往往易犯逐词死译的毛病，常用的词汇如“抓”“水平”“情况”等，不看上下文的语境如何，一概照搬词典译为“grasp”“level”“condition”。
翻译时要根据汉英词汇中的广义、狭义、具体意义和抽象意义的不同来灵活应用。
如汉语“抓”字狭义指用手抓，例如：“他的手被猫抓了”(His hand was scratched by a cat)；有时可作抽象的意义解，如“抓瞎”(find oneself at a loss)；“做文章要抓住重点”(pay close attention to the focal point)。
将“文化水平”译成“cultural level”，外宾照样看不懂，可译为“educational background(or level)”。
再如“情况”一词，可以根据上下文分别译成“condition”“circumstances”“things”“situation”“state of affairs”等等。
例如：“我们是否出席会议，那要看情况而定。
”可译为：“Whether we attend the meeting or not，that depends.”“如今情况大不相同了，中国的农民也盖起了楼房和别墅。
”可译为：“Things are so different now that Chinese farmers have also built up their own apartments and villas.”“在这种情况下，我们别无它法，只好如此。
大学英语综合教程3.4复习用翻译,选词填空
1) alliance【译文】工党的竞选策略是建立在与其他小党战略联盟的基础上的，这一策略证明是成功的。
2) heroic【译文】纽约消防队员营救“9•11”受害者时的英勇行为受到全国人民的颂扬。
3) stroke【译文】詹尼勒在瓦砾下埋了26个小时候活着走了出来，真是幸运！4）limp【译文】我兄弟的伤并不重，但由于是腿部受伤所以几个星期以来他不得不一瘸一拐地走。
5）minus【译文】这架飞机经受了摄氏零下65度的低温和摄氏零上120度的测试。
6）regions【译文】我国将运用税额奖励制度来把东部海岸的公司吸引到西部去。
7）declarations 【译文】开幕词听起来不像是和平的倡议更像是在宣战。
8）siege【译文】被警方围困了三天之后，占领了饭店的恐怖分子只好投降了。
9) raw【译文】我们刚一下飞机踏上草原，迎面吹来一阵刺骨的寒风。
10) retreat【译文】敌机的轰炸迫使坦克从这座城市撤出。
11) have taken their toll【译文】过去几个月的烦心事影响了她的健康，她都有黑眼圈了。
12) In the case of【译文】周末上班的工人拿双薪，节假日期间工作，工资为平时的三倍。
13) campaign【译文】频频亮相和与公众握手是竞选活动中必不可少的一部分。
14) at the cost of 【译文】政府军以2000人员的伤亡为代价从反叛者手中夺回了这座城市。
15) has been brought to a halt【译文】由于码头工人罢工，原材料不能按时运到，许多工厂的生产被迫停止。
Unit 31) generously【译文】史密斯夫妇一直希望他们的孩子成为热心的人，在别人需要帮助的时候能够慷慨地伸出援助之手。
【点拨】reach out在此表示“伸出援助之手，提供援助”。
2) physically【译文】赛跑需要你全身心的投入——智力上的，情感上的，以及体力上的。
英语翻译+选词填空
Unit11.Every time I saw the straw hat (每当我看到那顶草帽), it reminded me of the tour I made years before.This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had (我度过的最美好的时光).3.I’m honored to attend the closing ceremony of the conference(我很荣幸能参加大会闭幕式) and give you the speech.4. Bill Clinton has helped to get the two American journalists released and he seems to have a hope of making peace(有希望调解) between North Korea and the US.5. One friend of mine has decided to_quit his/her well-paid but demanding position (辞去那份工资高但要求也高的工作) recently.Unit21. Once known as the Paris of the Middle East (曾经拥有中东巴黎的美誉),this seaside city fell into chaos during Lebanon’s prolonged civil war.2. A meeting was held for the purpose of appointinga new manager(是为了任命一位新经理).3.She was noticed selected for of an interview with PWC director. This opportunity _is too good to pass up_ (好得让人无法拒绝).4. More than 150 people were looking for the body of a 24-year-old hiker _said to have been killed_ (据说已经遇害), a day after authorities charged a man with kidnapping her.5. _It is still unclear__(仍然不清楚) what was behind the Federal Reserve’s surprise decision on Wednesday to buy up to $300 billion in Treasuries. Unit31. Ina found herself smiling at the thought of the date and barbecue_ (一想到约会和烧烤) out in the open air, no pressure and just friends.2. I can’t really remember much about her _except that she had a very lovely dog and a good character (除了她有一只非常可爱的小狗而且人品不错之外).3. There is no need to stand _in awe of the director because of his position__(因为他是主任就敬而远之); he is just an average person.4. With all his achievements, _ he remains modest (他仍然很谦虚).5. _The moment we met(我们相逢的那一刻), you captured my heart and I waited for your love throughout those years.Unit41. After hours of questioning, _the suspect confessed (嫌犯终于招供了).2. The old car _is apt to__ (很容易) break down.3. Using someone else’s name is not in and of itself a crime (本身并不是犯罪) unless there is an intention to commit a fraud.4. By a small margin, Americans are ___more pleased than disappointed__(对……不感到失望，而是感到高兴) with Obama’s being elected as President.5. The family are__filled with a sense of peace and satisfaction_ (充满了平静和满足) knowing that their innocent son arrested yesterday is to be released soon. Unit51. If you ask the fast runner to set the pace, then (他们中的大多数人都将落后) _most of them will be left behind .2. My brother did not want to _be tied to a steady job_(被稳定的工作所束缚).3. They set off in search of the lost child (寻找失踪的孩子).4. Accidents due to driving at high speed (因高速驾驶而造成的交通事故) were very common that month.5. _He was charged with murder (他被指控杀人) but found innocent later.Unit12 It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?”They said, “Of course.”My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.This was the start in my life.3 And 17 years later I did go to college. But Inaively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it.I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trusted that it would all work out OK.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’rooms. I returned coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand-calligraphed.Unit315 “I did not remember very much more about that day, except that the sun seemed to have stopped shining and the country no longer looked beautiful and full of promise, but bleak and desolate as it sometimes does in winter or in times of drought. Late that afternoon, Jantje, the little Hottentot herd boy, came up to me and handed me a letter, which he said the English gentleman had left for me.It was the only love letter I ever received, but it turned all my bitterness and grief into a peacefulness which was the nearest I could get, then, to happiness. I knew Richard still loved me, and somehow, as long as I had his letter, I felt that we could never be really parted, even if he were in England and I had to remain on the farm. I have it yet, and though I am an old, tired woman, it still gives me hope and courage.”22 It was not a love letter in the true sense of the word, but pages of the minutest directions of how “my sweetest Phina”was to elude her father’s vigilance, creep down to the drift at night and there meet Jantje with a horse which would take her to Smitsdorp. There she was to go to “my true friend, Henry Wilson”who would give her money and make arrangements for her to follow her love to Cape Town and from there to England, “where, my love, we can be married at once. But if, my dearest, you are not sure that you can face life with me in a land strange to you, then do not take this important step, for I love you too much to wish you the smallest unhappiness. If you do not come, and if I do not hear from you, then I shall know that you could never be happy so far from the people and the country which you love. If, however, you feel you can keep your promise to me, but are too timid and modest to journey to England unaccompanied, then write to me, and I will, by some means, return to fetch my bride. ”Unit57 Lindsey hung up the phone before her mom could say another word. She realized that an extensive search on her part was going to be required to remove herself from the case. Moreover, she was going to have to locate the place Sara was living in four years ago around the time of the crimes. Lindsey drove over to Sara’s home in search of anything left behind linking her with the Portland area.Her home was still the same, because their mom kept it after Sara passed away. Lindsey entered the living room, the dining room, and the kitchen. The living room looked very clean. Lindsey was with Sara when she bought the home and it seemed weird walking back into the home without her sister around. Lindsey wasn’t surprised at the neatness and cleanness of the rooms. She looked shocked as she entered the bathroom, which was a mess with trash on the tiled floor and a dirt ring around the tub.Next, Lindsey walked into her sister’s bedroom and saw her bras and panties thrown on the bed and floor, with an unplugged TV sitting by her water bed. Lindsey proceeded back into the kitchen and found Sara’s address book on the counter. She found three numbers with Oregon area codes, which were for two female friends and an ex-boyfriend named Johnny.13 “You’re lying to me! I was there and saw my sister in her coffin before she was buried. I helped pay for her tombstone,”Lindsey answered in an angry tone of voice. She moved herself to another chair in the corner of the small room and put her head in herhands. A knock at the door and Sara and their mom walked into the room. Lindsey was shocked looking at her sister standing there, with a disturbed look on her face. She looked nice in a black pantsuit and her hair was draped around her face. Their mom wore a pair of blue jeans and a tan sweatshirt, and her hair was pulled back from her face in a ponytail. Neither detective could believe that Sara had anything to do with the robberies that had taken place in Portland, Oregon. When Lindsey saw her sister and mom, she knew the detectives weren’t going to believe her story after all. She didn’t understand how they couldn’t believe that her sister had died when there had to be a report from the autopsy done after her death. Lindsey felt betrayed by her family and she knew that her instinct had been right when she felt that her mom was hiding information the previous day. Both women turned and looked at Lindsey with disappointment as if she had just made up the entire story. Lindsey knew very well that the detectives wanted to solve the case and get it off their desks.。
英译汉3-词汇翻译(1)选词用字
第三单元词汇翻译第一节选词用字一、判断词义1. 借助字典例：memory1.“I have a short memory,” she says.2.His face is engraved on my memory.3.I am haunted with sad memories.4.His mother died when he was small. She is only a memory to him now.5.With us his memory remains a national property.6.To the memory of our comrades-in-arms who died in the battle.2. 分析上下文例：appearance1. His appearance on the stage was applauded by the audience.2. Particular attention should be paid to your personal appearance.3. I had to work my political appearances into a tight schedule.二、选择词语1. 语法意义例：The jewels were worth a small fortune.例： 1. He was puzzled.2. That man puzzled me.3. He looked like a puzzled fish.2. 语境意义例1. Are you in the book？2. How many names are there on your books?3. He claims to have been graduated from this college, but his name is not on the books.4. The music was fine but the book was very poor.5. Milton’s Paradise Lost consists of twelve books.6. That’s all I remember, sir, on the Book.3. 搭配意义例：build a housebuild a bridgebuild a dambuild a shipbuild a firebuild a carbuild one’s confidence译：盖、架、筑、造、生、制造、树立、……4. 情感意义褒义词贬义词中性词例1. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately, he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.例2. Aggressive nations threaten world peace.例3. A salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.5.文体意义书面语：母亲、诞辰、散步、恐吓口语词：妈妈、生日、溜达、吓唬古语/旧词：殆、致、/厨子、木匠现代/新词：危险、给、/厨师、木工普通用语：给、现在、办法、私下公文用语：给予、兹、措施、擅自普通用语：飞、心、光亮、半夜文学用语：飞翔、心灵、晶莹、子夜6. 引申意义例1. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.2. Nowadays a student heading for college may pack a frying pan along with his books.3. The metal is then cast into the resulting hollow mould.4. Internal combustion engines burn fuel inside, rather than outside the engine.三、变换用词●汉语同英语一样，存在大量的同义词或近义词，它们在意义上相近或相似，但是在具体应用中却有一定程度的差异。
英语翻译与选词
上下文与词义选择
1.两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 2.党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。
3.人们对你有意见。
4.他们就推举谁做下一界总统候选人取得了一致意见。 5.他们在会上闹起了意见。
• The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
这种情况必须改变 • This state of affairs must change. 现在情况不同了。 • Now things are different.
他们的情况怎么样？ • How do matters stand with them? 前线有什么情况？ • How is the situation at the front?
• • • • • • • • • • •
check in check out go up go west pass away fade away go to glory return to the earth kick in kick off cash in keel over burn out conk out fall asleep rest in peace answer the last call close one's eye to come to a violent death to pay the debt of nature
• “事”：matter, affair, thing, business
遇事和大家商量。 • Consult the masses when problems arise. • 这里“遇事”的“事”，实际上是“有待解决的问题”， 因此译为Problems。 农民所做的事很多„..农民在农民协会领导之下总共做了 十四件大事，如下所记。 • The peasants have done a great many things…the peasants under the leadership of the peasant associations have the following fourteen great achievements to their credit. 本句中第一个“事”用的是它的一般意义，故译作things。 第二个“事”是指农民协会所取得的光辉业绩，故把它译 成achievements.
浅析汉译英翻译中的语言语境与选词
- 241 -校园英语 / 翻译探究浅析汉译英翻译中的语言语境与选词山东科技大学外国语学院/王惠【摘要】在大学英语四六级考试的汉译英翻译过程中，语言语境对翻译选词极为重要。
本文通过实例分析了语言语境对汉译英选词的影响，旨在说明只有在透彻理解语言语境的基础上吃透原文和推敲译文选词，才能创造出好的译文，指导学生在四六级考试中取得好成绩。
【关键词】翻译 语境 选词一、引言在做汉英翻译时，语言语境是首先要考虑的语境因素。
英汉两种语言属于不同语系，在语言的表达方式上存在着很大的差异。
如果在翻译过程中，把汉语句子中的词性、句式照搬过来，则英语译文就会带有中国腔，显得不伦不类，使外国读者不易理解或根本无法理解，甚至曲解原文的意义。
一般说来，在大学英语四六级翻译中的错误往往出现在词语层面。
二、语言语境与汉译英选词 语言语境和词汇意义是紧密联系的，语言语境影响着词汇意义，词汇意义的确定很大程度上要依赖于语言语境。
特定的语言语境确定词语的特定意义，只有当词语翻译准确时，由词语构成的短语、句子、段落、语篇的翻译才能够准确。
1.辨析词义和正确选词。
汉语中的一个词有时候会对应英语中的几个词，词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲，如“国家”这个词在英语中对应的词有state ，nation ，country ，land ，government 。
但是这几个英语词的意思又各有区别。
(1)state 的意思是长期占有一块固定领土,政治上结合在一个主权政府之下的人民的实体;一种特定形式的政府、政体或政治上组织起来的社会。
用马列主义的语言说就是国家机器，国家的统治机构。
列宁在《国家与革命》中说“国家是统治阶级的工具”，这里的“国家”就是这个意思。
例：法西斯国家/ 在中国,铁路属于国家 /国家大事 /国家机密 /我们的权利受国家保护 /国家安全(2)nation 的意思是由一个民族或多个民族组成并且具有或多或少确定的领土和一个政府的人民的共同体。
新视野大学英语3(第二版)选词填空原文及翻译
第一单元 When I think of people in this world who have really made a difference, I think of my parents. 当我认为人们在这个世界上真的很不错,我认为我的父母。
They were truly saints among ordinary people. 他们是真正的圣徒在普通大众。
I was one of the ten children my parents adopted. 我是一个十个孩子我父母收养了。
They rescued each of us from a life of poverty and loneliness. 他们救出了我们每个人都从一个贫穷和孤独的生活。
They were hardly able to restrain themselves from bringing home more children to care for. 他们几乎无法抑制自己更多的孩子带回家照顾。
If they had had the resources they certainly would have. 如果他们有资源,他们当然会。
Most people do not realize how much they appreciated someone until they pass away. 大多数人并不知道自己有多感激有人直到他们去世。
My sisters and brothers and I did not want this to happen before we uttered the words "Thank you" to our parents. 我的兄弟姐妹们,我不希望这样的事情发生在我们说过这句话“谢谢你”,我们的父母。
Although we have all grown up and scattered about the country, we got back together to thank our parents. 尽管我们都长大了,散放在国家,我们一起回来,谢谢我们的父母。
英语翻译与选词
英语翻译与选词英语翻译4 He was a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eager to please, but fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt and pepper shaker was exactly in its place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was visible when Stevie got done with the table.4 史蒂维21岁，蓝⾊⽜仔裤，耐克运动鞋，满⾯笑容，讨⼈喜爱，极端地敬业。
他收拾好⼀张餐桌后，盐瓶和胡椒瓶归于原位，丝毫不差，桌⾯不见⼀点⾯包屑、⼀滴咖啡液。
6 Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who was disabled after repeated surgeries for cancer. They lived on their Social Security benefits in public housing two miles from the truck-stop. Their social worker, who stopped to check on him every so often, admitted they had fallen between the cracks. Money was tight, and what I paid him was probably the difference between them being able to live together and Stevie being sent to a group home.6 后来，我们得知史蒂维和母亲⼀起⽣活。
人事部初级笔译第十二讲英译汉选词讲义
选词问题storythis war is becoming the most important story of this generation.(event)it is quite another story.(situation)Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.(inside information)He will be happy if that story holds up.(statement) The Rita Haworth story is the one of the saddest.(experience)The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV.(report)情况在这种情况下under such circumstance这种情况必须改变this state of affairs must bechanged现在的情况不同了things are different now他的情况怎么样 how do matters stand with them? 前线有什么情况 How is the situation at the front? 我们可能去那，那要视情况而定。
We may go there, but that depends.●词义的对应1.word for wordMarxism, Aspirin laser, leukemia2.one word with multiple equivalents of the samemeaningwife(妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，媳妇)potato(土豆，洋芋，马铃薯)人（human being, man, people, person）3.one-word with several equivalents president: 总统，总裁，主席，议长，会长，社长carry: 搬，运，送，提，拎，挑，担，抬，背，扛，搂，抱，端，举，夹，捧机：machine, engine, plane, aircraft4.Equivalents interwoven with one anotherSay说Speak讲Talk谈Tell诉5.Words without equivalentsTeenager 13-19岁的青少年PreyClock-watcher●词义选定的八种方法Deduction(通过英英字典进行翻译，最常见译法) Transplant Microwave supermarketSplashdown dataphoneExtensionBottleneck瓶颈—交通—阻塞Braintrust 脑托拉斯—智Braindrain 脑排干—人才外流—人才流失Substitution:Explanation:Mindlessness思想上的混沌状态Togetherness不分彼此的集体感Redshirt美国大学在体育方面有发展前途的学生A throwaway society 一个大手大脚，浪费成风的社会CombinationSo subtle and careful an observer精细的观察者Mendacity and dishonesty狡诈Grim and tragic Christmas惨淡的圣诞节Body and mind cramped身心困顿Pictographic translationTransliteration●词义选定的判定：（一）根据上下文The play runs 100 nights.Dr Hunter was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning.Emancipating the mind means studying and respecting objective laws and acting in accordance with these laws.解放思想指的是要研究客观规律，尊重客观规律和按照客观规律办事。
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英语翻译4 He was a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eager to please, but fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt and pepper shaker was exactly in its place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was visible when Stevie got done with the table.4 史蒂维21岁，蓝色牛仔裤，耐克运动鞋，满面笑容，讨人喜爱，极端地敬业。
他收拾好一张餐桌后，盐瓶和胡椒瓶归于原位，丝毫不差，桌面不见一点面包屑、一滴咖啡液。
6 Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who was disabled after repeated surgeries for cancer. They lived on their Social Security benefits in public housing two miles from the truck-stop. Their social worker, who stopped to check on him every so often, admitted they had fallen between the cracks. Money was tight, and what I paid him was probably the difference between them being able to live together and Stevie being sent to a group home.6 后来，我们得知史蒂维和母亲一起生活。
他母亲是个寡妇，因患癌症多次经历手术而落下残疾。
母子俩靠社会保险金生活，住在离餐馆两英里以外的廉租房里。
社工人员偶尔登门看望，说他们母子生活着实艰辛贫困。
他们手头拮据，我所付的工资仅能保证母子俩相依为命，史蒂维才不至于沦落到被“集体之家”（为残障人士提供护理的机构）收容。
2 At some stage or the other in our lives, we experience the gnawing pangs of an emotion which defies definition. It's a feeling that can only be felt and not described. An overwhelming joy that comes together with its share of sadness. Love.2 在我们生命中的某个阶段，我们会经历某种难以名状的情感所带来的阵阵折磨。
这种情感只能体会，无法用语言描述。
莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临，这就是爱。
7 Love was a magnificent building I built on the foundation of friendship. It took time to blossom. It took a lot of understanding, loads of sharing and caring, and plenty of affection to become what it is today. And it meant a meeting of minds. You might say that I belong to the traditional school of romance. But in my opinion, love needs to be nurtured. And it has to be distinguished from the intense but short-lived love or the pleasures of the flesh.7 我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。
爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。
我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心，投入了丰富的感情，才使爱情发展到今天。
爱情意味着情投意合。
你也许会说，我属于浪漫的传统派。
但是，依我看，爱情需要培养。
我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
6 Another classical view of friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero, an ancient Roman statesman and orator. His writings on ethics, the philosophy of religion and natural law have been infuential. According to Cicero true friendship is only possible between good men. He further defines "the good" as "those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor, purity, equity, and liberality; who are free from greed, lust, and violence; and who have the courage of their convictions." The friendship between good men, based on virtue, does offer material benefits, but it does not seek them. Moreover, just as in friendships and relationships, those who possess any superiority must regard themselves as equals of those who are less fortunate, so these latter must not be annoyed at being surpassed in genius, fortune, or rank.6 另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。
西塞罗论述伦理、宗教哲学和自然规律的作品影响广泛。
西塞罗认为，真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。
他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。
”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德，它确实可以带来物质利益，但决不以追求物质利益为目标。
而且在处理朋友关系和其它人际关系时，优越于他人的人必须平等地对待那些没那么幸运的人；同样，后者也不能因为对方的天赋、财富、地位在自己之上而恼怒。
18 "I don't mean money, Mitch. I mean your time. Your concern. Your storytelling. It's not so hard. There's a senior center that opened near here. Dozens of elderly people come there every day. If you're a young man or young woman and you have a skill, you are asked to come and teach it. Say you know computers. You come there and teach them computers. You are very welcome there. And they are very grateful. This is how you start to get respect, by offering something that you have.18 “我不是说金钱，米奇。
我说的是，你花时间关心别人，和别人交谈。
这没有那么难。
这附近开了一个老人中心，每天有几十位老人去那里。
如果你年轻，且有一门才艺，你就会受邀来这儿上课。
比如，你懂得计算机，你去那里教他们计算机。
他们非常欢迎你，感激你。
你奉献你有的东西，就这样，你开始赢得尊重。
20 "Remember what I said about finding a meaningful life? I wrote it down, but now I can recite it: Devote yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning.20 “还记得我曾说过的关于寻找人生意义的那几句话吗？我写下来了，而且现在能背诵：奉献自己，关爱他人；奉献自己，为社区作贡献；奉献自己，营造有目的、有意义的人生。
5 "But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours — the other third of your life? Let's say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great democracy. Democracies can exist, however, only as long as they remain intellectually alive. Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of democratic intellect? Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering? Will your family be able to speak English and to talk about an idea? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?"5 “然而在完成每天的工作之后，你如何打发另外8个小时，也就是你生命中的另外三分之一的光阴？比如，你回到家里，和家人待在一起。