【真题】2015武汉大学汉硕真题

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现代汉语真题有答案

2015年4月现代汉语真题第一部分：选择题20分一、单项选择题本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分;在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内;错选、多选或未选均无分;1．对任何语言来说,声音四要素中用来区别意义的最重要的要素是;A．音高B．音强C．音色D．音长答案C解析在语音四要素中,音色是一个音区别于其他音的最根本特征,是声音的本质;因此,在任何语言中,音色无疑都是用来区别意义的最重要的要素;考点语音——语音概说2．下列各词中,两个音节的声母发音部位相同的是;A．里面B．坚强C．布置D．感恩答案B解析B项两个音节的声母分别是j和q,均为舌面音,发音部位相同;A项两个音节的声母分别为舌尖中音和m双唇音；C项分别为b双唇音和zh舌尖后音；D项分别为g舌根音和零声母;考点语音——声母3．下列各字中,属于后鼻音尾韵母的是;A．针B．拼C．冰D．嫩答案C解析后鼻音尾韵母：ang、iang、uang、eng、ing、ueng、ong、iong;考点语音——韵母4．下列各音节中,调值为51的是;A．两B．才C．猜D．亮答案D解析调值为51,又称高降调;如“骂、胜、利、建、设”的声调;考点语音——声调5．说话时“啊”会变读为“哇”的是;A．真巧啊B．在下雨啊C．行啊D．是啊答案A解析B、C、D三项中的“啊”在说话时会分别变读为ya呀、nga、ra;考点语音——音变6．由古汉字演变为现代汉字的转折点是;A．隶书B．楷书C．篆书D．行书答案A解析隶书使汉字失去了古汉字的图形意味,成为纯粹符号性质的字体,它是汉字从具备象形特点的古汉字演变为不象形的现代汉字的转折点,在汉字发展史上具有划时代的意义;考点文字——汉字的形体7．下列各组中,属于现代汉字的新的造字方法的是;A．象形字B．切音造字C．指事字D．假借字答案B解析现代汉字的新的造字方法包括切音造字法和省形造字法两类;考点文字——汉字的构成8．现代汉字的标准化主要包括;A．笔画简化、规范字形B．定量、定形、定音、定序C．规范字形、精简并规范字数D．笔画简化、定音、定序答案B解析现代汉字的标准化主要包括定量、定形、定音、定序;考点文字——汉字的简化、规范化和标准化9．下列各组中加点部分属于定位语素的是;A．人民B．阿姨C．意愿D．草木答案B解析B项中的“阿”是前缀,为定位语素;考点词汇——语素、词和词汇10．下列各词中,属于单纯词的是;A．香槟酒B．糊涂虫C．猩猩D．星星答案C解析单纯词指的是由一个语素构成的词;“猩猩”不存在单音节形式,只能整个儿的作为单纯词;“香槟”“糊涂”虽然都是单纯词,但是加上“酒”“虫”之后就变成了由两个语素构成的合成词；“星星”一词有其相应的单音节形式,一般被看作合成词;考点词汇——词的构造11．下列各词中具有口语色彩的词是;A．脑袋瓜子B．心田C．访问D．寂静答案A解析脑袋瓜子是具有口语色彩的词;考点词汇——词义12．下列各组中加点部分属于同音词的是;A．白跑一趟,把字念白了B．掐了一朵花,买了一盆花C．就事论事,一概而论D．英语过级考试,阴雨连余答案A解析A项两个“白”为同形同音词;B项两个“花”为同形同义词；C项两个“论”为多义词；D项两个加点词之间没有音义上的联系;考点词汇——多义词和同音词13．下列各中属于同义词的是;A．优异—很好B．轻飘飘—沉甸甸C．鼓舞—鼓励D．生产—过桥答案C解析“鼓舞”,“鼓励”是一组近义词,都有振奋激励的意思;考点词汇——同义词和反义词14．下列各组中,来自于古代寓言的成语是;A．独立自主B．三顾茅庐C．刻舟求剑D．卧薪尝胆答案C解析A项源自毛泽东的中国革命战争的战略问题,B、D两项来自历史事件;考点词汇——词汇的构成15．下列各词中,属于体词的是;A．看B．记者C．糊里糊涂D．男答案B解析“看”是动词,“糊里糊涂”是形容词,属于谓词；“男”是区别词,属于加词;考点语法——词类上16．下列各组短语中属于主谓短语的是;A．—件红的B．去打C．意志坚定D．客厅里答案C解析A项为量词短语加“的”字短语构成的偏正短语,B项为连动短语,D项为方位短语;考点语法——短语17．下列各组短语中属于谓词性短语的是;A．原文与译文B．—年以内C．改变方法D．多少斤答案C解析“改变方法”是一个述宾短语,述宾短语是动词性短语,所以C项是谓词性短语;考点语法——短语18．下列各组中属于施事宾语的是;A．来客人了B．跑项目C．成了一个电脑迷D．吃食堂答案A解析B、D两项为受事宾语,C项为中性宾语;考点语法——句法成分19．下列各句中属于非主谓句的是;A．他身材高大;B．好美的夜色啊C．老人急得团团转;D．—人一本;答案B解析A、C、D三项都是主谓句;A项为主谓谓语句,C项为动词性谓语句,D项为名词性谓语句;考点语法——句型20．“酒香飘万里;”这个句子运用的修辞格是;A．比拟B．夸张C．比喻D．双关答案B解析夸张是为了取得某种表达效果而有意言过其实,对客观的人、事物做扩大或缩小的描述;考点语用——辞格和辞格运用二、填空题本大题共6小题,每小题1分,共6分;请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案;错填、不填均无分;21．现代汉语是现代汉民族的语言,包括共同语即普通话和不同的_____答案方言解析现代汉语是现代汉民族的语言,包括共同语即普通话和不同的方言;考点绪论——汉语和现代汉语22．语音具有物理、生理、社会三方面的性质,其中,_____属性是语音的本质属性;答案社会解析语音具有物理、生理、社会三方面的性质,其中,社会属性是语音的本质属性; 考点语音——语音概说23．汉字是一种表意性质的_____文字,这是它区别于纯粹表音的音素文字或音节文字的基本特点;答案语素解析汉字是一种表意性质的语素文字,这是它区别于纯粹表音的音素文字或音节文字的基本特点;考点文字——汉字概说24．词义的演变主要有三种情况：词义的扩大、词义的缩小和词义的_____;答案转移解析词义的演变主要有三种情况：词义的扩大、词义的缩小和词义的转移;考点词汇——词义25．提示成分和_____成分与“主、谓、宾、定、状、补”等句法成分不同,它们都附着于句子,不能离句而独立,又不是句子的直接成分,因而一般被称为句子的特殊成分;答案独立解析提示成分和独立成分与“主、谓、宾、定、状、补”等句法成分不同,它们都附着于句子,不能离句而独立,又不是句子的直接成分,因而一般被称为句子的特殊成分;考点语法——句型26．从语用学角度看,基本的语用原则包括言语行为、合作原则和_____原则; 答案礼貌解析从语用学角度看,基本的语用原则包括言语行为、合作原则和礼貌原则;考点语用——语用原则三、术语解释题本大题共2小题,每小题2分,共4分;27．调类答案调类：是声调的类别,是通过归纳一种语言或方言的全部调值而得出的类别; 解析考点语音——声母28．双关答案双关：是让一个词语同时关涉两个方面;它主要是利用词语的多义、语音的相同或相近或语境的相似构成的,可以分为谐音双关和语义双关两种;解析考点语用——辞格和辞格运用四、判断说明题本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分;正确的在题后的括号内画上“V”,不需要说明理由；错误的画上“X”,并说明理由;29．按照韵母开头的元音发音的口形分,“全”属于合口呼;A．正确B．错误答案B解析按照韵母开头的元音发音的口形分,“全”属于撮口呼;考点语音——韵母30．说话或朗读时,“一致”和“一起”的变调情况相同;A．正确B．错误答案B解析两个词的音节规律不同,“一致”中的“一”变读为35调,“一起”中的“一”变读为51调;考点语音——音变31．汉字是记录汉语的书写符号系统; ;A．正确B．错误答案A解析汉字是记录汉语的书写符号系统,是汉民族在长期的生产实践中创造出来的,是世界上历史最悠久的文字;考点文字——汉字概说32．“风霜”不能扩展成“风和霜”,因此“风霜”是词而不是短语; ;A．正确B．错误答案A解析“能够独立运用”和“最小”是考察一个语言单位是否为词的两个必要条件,强调词的这两个特征是为了把词和语素、短语区分开来;考点词汇——语素、词和词汇33．语序和虚词是表达汉语语法关系的主要手段; ;A．正确B．错误答案A解析语法方面的主要特点包括：语序和虚词是表达语法关系的主要手段；词类和句子成分之间不存在一一对应的关系；有丰富的量词;考点绪论——现代汉语的特点尾；一个普通话音节最多可以由四个音素,最少可以只有一个元音音素；韵母内部元音出现的位置及它们的组合关系有一定的规律；元音在音节中占优势,且有极强的凝聚力；一个音节可以没有辅音,也可以有一个或两个辅音,但没有辅音相连的情况;考点语音——音节词汇——语素、词和词汇36．分析下列复合词的结构方式;例：朋友并列式哥哥延长江湖事变重视扶手答案哥哥重叠延长补充江湖并列事变主谓重视偏正扶手支配解析由两个或两个以上的词根和在一起构成的合成词,叫复合词;复合词的结构方式主要有并列式、偏正式、补充式、支配式、陈述式、重叠式等几种;考点词汇——词的构造37．分析各组同义词的差异,把序号填入表中相应的空格;①贴切—确切②喜爱—酷爱③创造—杜撰④邂逅—碰到;辨析同义词,一般可以从以下几方面着手：①从意义上辨析；②从色彩上辨析；③从用法上辨析;考点词汇——同义词和反义词38．把下列各词的序号按词类填人表中相应的空格;断动词只有一个“是”；区别词只能修饰名词,表示事物的特征和分类；“果然”表示语气副词；代词是具有代替和指称作用的词;考点语法——词类上39．用层次分析法分析短语;观众们慢慢走进演播厅答案,也叫作“直接成分分析法”,简称IC分析法;考点语法——短语40．指出表中句子的句式;见句式包括连动句、兼语句、存现句、“把”自句、“被”字句;考点语法——句式41．改错题;1改正拼写错误的音节;①抓阄juajou答案①改成：zhuajiu;解析注音错误考点语法——常见的语法错误②下床shiachuan答案②改成：xiachuang;解析注音错误考点语法——常见的语法错误2用横线标出并改正下列词语中的错别字;编缉部渊远流长答案缉：改成“辑”;避：改成“源”;解析错别字考点语法——常见的语法错误3修改病句并说明理由可在原句上修改;①因为“电子手杖”的出现,使盲人走路方便多了;答案①去掉“因为”或者去掉“使”;理由：缺主语;解析缺主语;考点语法——常见的语法错误②批评和自我批评是有效的改正错误、提高思想的方法;答案②把“有效的”移到“方法”前;理由：语序不当;解析语序不当;考点语法——常见的语法错误42．指出下面这句话中运用的修辞格;工作,工作,衰弱到不能走路还是工作,手脚像芦柴棒一样的痩,身体像弓一般的弯,面色像死人一般的惨,咳着,喘着,淌着冷汗,还是被迫着做工;答案反复、比喻、排比;解析比喻是利用本质上不同的事物之间的相似点来描绘事物或说明道理的一种修辞方式；排比就是把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思密切关联的句子或句子成分排比起来,使语势得到增强,感情得到加深的一种修辞格时；反复就是为了强调某种意思、突出某种情感,特意重复使用某些词语、句子或者段落等;考点语用——辞格和辞格运用六、简答题本大题共2小题,每小题5分,共10分;43．结合语言实例,简述普通话中儿化的作用;答案1区别词义;例略2区分词性;例略3表示细小、亲切、轻松或喜爱的感情色彩;例略解析普通话中的儿化词较多,儿化现象与词汇、语法具有密切关系,其作用主要有区别词义、区分词性和表示特殊的感情色彩等;考点语音——音变44．划分汉语词类最适合的标准是词的语法功能;简述词的语法功能包括的内容; 答案1能不能充当句法成分;能单独充当句法成分的,是实词；不能单独充当句法成分的,是虚词;2实词内部不同的语法功能表现在词与词的组合能力上;3虚词的语法功能表现在它同实词或短语的黏附能力上;解析语法功能包括的内容：1能不能充当句法成分;能单独充当句法成分的,是实词；不能单独充当句法成分的,是虚词;2实词内部不同的语法功能表现在词与词的组合能力上;3虚词的语法功能表现在它同实词或短语的黏附能力上;考点语法——词类上。

汉语国际教育硕士试题

汉语国际教育硕士试题
汉语国际教育硕士试题示例：
一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）
1. 下列哪个词语的声母是“m”？
A. 明
B. 摸
C. 门
D. 买
2. “尴尬”这个词的词性是？
A. 名词
B. 动词
C. 形容词
D. 副词
3. “屡战屡败”和“屡败屡战”这两个词组的意思是？
A. 完全相同
B. 基本相同
C. 意思相反
D. 没有关联
二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）
1. 请在下列句子的括号中填入适当的词语，使句子意思完整：他（）了一本书，书中详细介绍了中国的历史和文化。

2. 请写出下列词语的反义词：
对——（）
三、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，回答问题：
小明是一个中学生，他非常喜欢读书。

每天放学后，他都会花很多时间在图书馆里读书。

他喜欢读各种各样的书，尤其是历史和文学方面的书籍。

通过阅读，他不仅学到了很多知识，还提高了自己的语文水平。

他认为读书是一种非常有益的习惯，希望自己能够一直保持下去。

1. 小明放学后经常做什么？
2. 小明喜欢读哪方面的书籍？
3. 通过阅读，小明获得了什么好处？
4. 小明希望自己能够保持什么习惯？。

2015年武汉大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含

2015年武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 5. 应用文写作8. 命题作文单项选择题1．“水则载舟，水则覆舟”是我国古代思想史上( )提出的著名论点。

A．老子B．孟子C．荀子D．墨子正确答案：C解析：“水则载舟，水则覆舟”出自《荀子·王制》。

“传日：‘君者舟也，庶人者水也，水则载舟，水则覆舟。

’此之谓也。

”比喻民可拥护君主，也能推翻君主。

荀子，字卿，战国时期人，著名思想家、文学家、政治家，儒家代表人物之一，时人尊称“荀卿”。

荀子提出“性恶论”。

2．中国第一个全国性的统一的资产阶级革命政党是( )。

A．兴中会B．同盟会C．国民党D．文学社正确答案：B解析：本题考查对同盟会成立史实的认识。

1905年，孙中山在日本的东京成立了中国同盟会，会上确立了“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，创立民国，平均地权”的十六字纲领，后来发展成为三民主义。

中国同盟会是第一个全国规模的资产阶级革命政党。

同盟会的成立，标志着中国的资产阶级民主革命进入一个新阶段。

3．雨果曾愤怒地谴责道：“两个强盗走向圆明园：一个抢了东西，一个放了火……”这两个强盗是( )。

A．英国和法国B．英国和美国C．美国和俄国D．法国和俄国正确答案：A解析：题干中雨果所描述的是第二次鸦片战争期间英法联军攻进北京，火烧圆明园的情形，故本题选A项。

本题难度较小，主要考查学生对历史知识的识记能力。

4．根茨勒在其《当代翻译理论》一书中对翻译流派的划分不包括( )。

A．翻译科学学派B．美国翻译培训学派C．解构主义学派D．描写翻译学派正确答案：D解析：埃德温.根茨勒(Edward Gentzler)在其专著《当代翻译理论》(1993)中依据各流派采用的研究方法和依据的理论来源，将当代译论划分为五大流派，分别是：美国翻译培训派、翻译科学派、早期翻译研究派、多元体系派、解构主义派。

故本题答案为D项。

5．在我国历史上，( )第一次把“教”与“育”两个字连用，以“得天下英才而教育之”为君子三乐之一。

2015年武汉大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题解析

2015年武汉大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题解析Shanghai Free Trade Area,bank balance,host university,current account，cash drain，National City Bank of New York，general consulatepay by installment，OPEC，埃博拉病毒，丝路基金，失联，微信，海外追逃，反垄断调查，权力寻租腐败，潜规则，苏格兰独立公投，亚太自贸区，食品安全，科研经费，依法治国，反恐情报中心，段落翻译E–C关于文学作品的作用和意义；C–E是于季羡林的，主要意思是说季羡林为人处事十分认真，然后举了一个例子说他如何认真负责，全文到处都是“季老”，还提到了萧乾。

总的来说，两篇都是文学翻译，特别是中翻英不好翻，很多词汇不知道怎么翻比较好，只能自己发挥，往年喜欢考的《秘密花园》《青鸟》都没有考，悲！1、考试准备的时间问题对于专业课的复习时间没有一个具体的指标，对于专业课基础较好的同学，专业课的复习时间可能会短些，而对于那些基础弱的同学，尤其是跨专业考试的同学，专业课的复习时间必然要长些，但是不管怎么样，每个学科必定是需要一段时间才能掌握透彻，但是在短时间内，经过高强度的复习和科学的指导，也可以取得很好的成绩。

一般而言，专业课复习最好能保留有3个月的复习时间。

2、考试资料的选择不同的学校，考试难度和风格不一样，所以考试的资料难以统一，但是有一些基本的教材，可以由浅入深地引导同学们了解和掌握经济学的基础知识。

这样，复习起来就会事倍功半，比较有效率。

由于目前国内研究生考试的难度水平大致还是处于中初级水平，因此基本上还是可以列出一个有效的资料清单：(1) 报考学校的指定书目(必备)(2) 历年的考试题目历年题是专业课的关键，而融会贯通则是关键中的关键。

考研的专业课考题大体有两种类型，一种是认知性质的考题，另一种是理解与应用型的，而且以后一种居多。

武汉大学2015年翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

武汉大学2015年翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解一、词汇结构题（共40小题，每题0.5分，共20分）Directions: There are 40 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that bestcompletes the sentence. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.1. His natural ______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A. honestyB. simplicityC. modestyD. morality【答案】C【解析】词义辨析。

句意：他天生谦逊，不因名望和成就而骄傲。

modesty谦逊；质朴；稳重。

honesty诚实，正直。

simplicity朴素；天真；愚蠢。

morality道德；品行，美德。

2. Patriotism was the army captain’s ______ when he spoke at our school assembly.A. themeB. theoremC. thesisD. theory【答案】A【解析】近形词辨析。

句意：这位陆军上尉在我们学校大会上的发言是以爱国主义为主题。

theme主题；主旋律；题目。

theorem[数]定理；原理。

thesis论文；论点。

theory理论；学说；推测。

3. A modern ship has its ______ in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A. protonB. patternC. predecessorD. prototype【答案】D【解析】近形词辨析。

2015年武汉大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题及标准答案

2015年武汉大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译1.英译汉2.Shanghai Free Trade Area_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(上海自由贸易区)3.special envoy_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(特使)4.consulate-general_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(总领事馆)5.National City Bank of New York_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(花旗银行)6.exchange rate_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(汇率)7.cash drains_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(现金外流)8.intangible assets_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(无形资产)9.bank balance_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(银行存款余额；银行结存)10.pay by installment_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(分期付款)11.host university_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(留学院校)w firm_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(律师事务所)13.current account_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(活期存款账户；往来账户)14.antidumping_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(反倾销)15.OPEC_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries))16.export subsidy_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(出口补贴，出口津贴)17.汉译英_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________18.丝路基金_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Silk Road Fund)19.反恐怖主义情报中心______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(anti-terrorism intelligence system)20.海外追逃_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(international manhunt)21.苏格兰独立公投_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Scottish Independence Referendum)22.微信_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(WeChat)23.失联_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(to lose contact with/loss of communication)24.正能量_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(positive energy)25.埃博拉病毒_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Ebola virus)26.权力寻租腐败_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(rent-seeking and corruption)27.反垄断调查_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(anti-monopoly investigations)28.潜规则_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________。

2015年武汉大学445汉语国际教育基础(专业硕士)考研真题

2015年武汉大学445汉语国际教育基础（专业硕士）考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、填空题(总题数：21，分数：22.00)1.道家哲学是道教的重要思想资源，《________》《________》被奉为道教经典，曾被称为《道德真经》与《南华真经》。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.《诗经》《________》历来合称“风骚”，是中国古代诗歌的两大源头。

（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________3.1921年，五四“文学革命”之后最具有代表性的新文学社团之一________在日本东京成立，郭沫若、郁达夫、田汉、成仿吾等人为初期成员。

（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________4.由玄奘口述、辩机笔录的________12卷，记录了玄奘法师取经途中亲历或听说的138个国家或城邦的地理、交通、历史、经济、文化、风俗等多方面的情况，当代著名学者季羡林称其是“一部稀世奇书”。

（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________5.《诗经》 “子兴视夜，明星有烂”， “昏以为期，明星煌煌”，都是指________而言，它黎明见于东方称启明，黄昏见于西方叫长庚。

（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________6.汉代的官学除中央政府所办________外，还有地方政府所办，郡学曰“学”，县学曰“校”，乡学曰“庠”，聚学曰“序”。

（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________7.魏晋南北朝时期的选士制度，除了察举孝廉、秀士仍沿两汉旧制外，又增加________，旨在设立铨叙、考选的专门官员，以代替乡里的毁誉。

（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________8.十九世纪世界文坛三大短篇小说巨匠包括法国的莫泊桑、美国的欧·亨利和俄国的________。

2015年汉硕真题及答案合集

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二【汉语国际教育对外汉语教育学引论笔记中难点汇编】三【2016汉语国际教育汉硕专业勤思掌中宝:中外文化常识】页数：148四【精选20所汉硕案例分析答案】页数：98五【2016勤思通关宝典】页数：320六【汉硕历年真题+详细答案】真题说明(是原版，非回忆版)：2015年共11套真题+10套答案2014年共43套真题+11套答案2013年共45套真题+34套答案2012年共41套真题+31套答案2011年共30套真题+28套答案2010年共42套真题+31套答案七【新东方汉硕全程视频+勤思汉硕全程视频】已删去部分内容，需要更多请联系QQ：1075684190愿意低价给您分享，非诚勿扰资料目录一【2016版真题+解析】页数：333本资料收集最近两年39所有代表性的高校真题+详细解析。

武汉大学语言学、对外汉语、汉语言文字学考研部分真题

一、辨识题（扼要比较下列每组概念的主要异同点。

）1、语言的形态学分类与谱系分类2、发声语音学与声学语音学3、洋泾浜语与克里奥耳语4、形态学描写的两种模型：IP（项目和变化）与IA（项目和配置）5、语素与形素二、分析题1、分析下列例句，简要回答问题：⑴下面的三个“失足”是否具有一致性，为什么？⑵它们在语法功能上有何异同？⑴一个行人失足落入了水中。

⑵他偶然失足犯了这样的错误⑶他一失足从楼上跌了下来。

2、下面是留学生造的病句（句前带星号），观察句子，分析毛病所在，把句子改过来（不能改变原意），并说明该病句反映了汉语什么样的语法规则。

⑴★白求恩不是见异思迁的一个人。

⑵★是不是你们觉得这个工厂很大吗？⑶（问：你是第几次来中国？）答：★我是第三次来中国的。

三、论述题1、举例说明什么是“句子成分分析法”?什么是“直接成分分析法”？试说明各自的优缺点。

2、商务印书馆新近出版的《新华新词语词典》收录了“包二奶”、“泡妞”、“三陪”等一批新词语。

有人认为，辞典收录这些明显带有负面信息的词语是不严肃、不恰当的。

请就这一问题谈谈你的看法。

下面是质疑者的主要观点。

其一，我们却是无法将代表负面现象的词汇“从人们口中除去”，但不能“从口中除去”的词汇，是否都有理由收入词典？如这种说法能够成立，“**的”等污言秽语，不都可以进词典了吗？其二，语言是人类思维、表达思想、传递文明的手段；词典，是汇集语言中的词汇，向人们提供释义与相关信息的工具书，既然知道有些词汇传递的是负面信息，怎能说在编撰词典时，不需要对入选词汇承担社会导向和道德评判责任？语言是随着社会的发展而发展的，词汇则是语言中罪活跃的因素，社会变革、科技发展、人们思维的活跃和观念的更新，都会通过新词汇反映出来，历史上每一次大的社会变革，都会涌现出一大批新词汇，在改革开放，中外文化交流激荡的过程中更是这样。

丁克族、互联网、涨停板、克隆等就是与时俱进中产生的新词语。

3、试举例说明中国人熟人之间见面打招呼的用语（招呼语）的常见类型及其心理功能和文化涵义。

2015年武汉大学445汉语国际教育基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年武汉大学445汉语国际教育基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解一、填空（每空1分，共22分）1．道家哲学是道教的重要思想资源，《______》《______》被奉为道教经典，曾被称为《道德真经》与《南华真经》。

【答案】老子；庄子【解析】道教经典指道教在长期的发展过程中，积累的卷帙浩繁的经籍书文。

道教经书的内容包罗万象，不仅记录了道教的教理教义、教规教戒、修炼方术，还保留了中国古代哲学、文学、医药学、养生学、化学、音乐、地理等多种学科的珍贵资料。

道教经书堪称中国传统文化的一个宝库。

《老子》《庄子》分别是道家思想代表人物老子、庄子的代表作，又名《道德真经》《南华真经》。

2．《诗经》《______》历来合称“风骚”，是中国古代诗歌的两大源头。

【答案】楚辞【解析】“风骚”，《诗经》和《楚辞》的并称。

它们同被视为中国诗歌发展的源流，对后世中国文学影响深远。

后代用来泛称文学，在文坛居于领袖地位或在某方面领先叫“领风骚”。

3．1921年，五四“文学革命”之后最具有代表性的新文学社团之一______在日本东京成立，郭沫若、郁达夫、田汉、成仿吾等人为初期成员。

【答案】创造社【解析】1921年1月4日，周作人、郑振铎、沈雁冰、郭绍虞、朱希祖、瞿世瑛、蒋百里、孙伏园、耿济之、王统照、叶绍钧、许地山等十二人在北京成立以“研究介绍世界文学，整理中国旧文学，创造新文学”为宗旨的文学研究会。

作为响应，1921年6月上旬，留学日本的郭沫若、成仿吾、郁达夫、张资平、田汉、郑伯奇等人于日本东京成立创造社。

4．由玄奘口述、辩机笔录的______12卷，记录了玄奘法师取经途中亲历或听说的138个国家或城邦的地理、交通、历史、经济、文化、风俗等多方面的情况，当代著名学者季羡林称其是“一部稀世奇书”。

【答案】《大唐西域记》【解析】《大唐西域记》，地理史籍，又称《西域记》，12卷。

玄奘述，辩机撰文。

本书系玄奘奉唐太宗敕命而著，贞观二十年（646年）成书。

2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析

2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/40)Vocabulary第1题His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality下一题(2/40)Vocabulary第2题Patriotism was the army captain´s______when he spoke at our school assembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory上一题下一题(3/40)Vocabulary第3题A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype上一题下一题(4/40)Vocabulary第4题You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.belB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate上一题下一题(5/40)Vocabulary第5题A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms上一题下一题(6/40)Vocabulary第6题Travel can be an excellent______to one´s education.plementpletionponentpetitor上一题下一题(7/40)Vocabulary第7题The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment上一题下一题(8/40)Vocabulary第8题He accepted______for the damage done to the car.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood上一题下一题(9/40)Vocabulary第9题If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary上一题下一题(10/40)Vocabulary第10题The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates上一题下一题(11/40)Vocabulary第11题His newly published novel enjoys great______.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy上一题下一题(12/40)Vocabulary第12题The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.A.elegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical上一题下一题(13/40)Vocabulary第13题Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation上一题下一题(14/40)Vocabulary第14题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed上一题下一题(15/40)Vocabulary第15题Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice上一题下一题(16/40)Vocabulary第16题Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole上一题下一题(17/40)Vocabulary第17题Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened上一题下一题(18/40)Vocabulary第18题The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport上一题下一题(19/40)Vocabulary第19题The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar上一题下一题(20/40)Vocabulary第20题The government´s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.A.accordB.conformmenceD.consent上一题下一题(21/40)Vocabulary第21题They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.A.go offB.run outC.break offD.break out上一题下一题(22/40)Vocabulary第22题It´s pretty windy. You´d better______your hat.A.add up toB.lend itself toC.hold on toD.stand up to上一题下一题(23/40)Vocabulary第23题She´s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.A.carry onB.carry offC.carry outD.take off上一题下一题(24/40)Vocabulary第24题When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.A.nothing butB.none other thanC.none butD.no other than上一题下一题(25/40)Vocabulary第25题As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.A.have to be saidB.must sayC.ought to be saidD.need to say上一题下一题(26/40)Vocabulary第26题______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things to be equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things being equal上一题下一题(27/40)Vocabulary第27题I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.A.in caseB.untilC.if onlyD.unless上一题下一题(28/40)Vocabulary第28题If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.A.a lot of more usB.a lot more of usC.more a lot of usD.a lot of us more上一题下一题(29/40)Vocabulary第29题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created上一题下一题(30/40)Vocabulary第30题Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms race.A.have lived outB.have lived throughC.have lived onD.have lived with上一题下一题(31/40)Vocabulary第31题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.A.distanceB.is the distanceC.the distanceD.the distance is上一题下一题(32/40)Vocabulary第32题Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when上一题下一题(33/40)Vocabulary第33题I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.A.my leg´s musclesB.my muscles of legC.my leg musclesD.my muscles of the leg上一题下一题(34/40)Vocabulary第34题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.A.has leftB.is to leaveC.leavesD.is to be left上一题下一题(35/40)Vocabulary第35题Jean doesn´t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn´t be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got上一题下一题(36/40)Vocabulary第36题The world´s supplies of copper______.A.have been gradually being exhaustedB.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted上一题下一题(37/40)Vocabulary第37题Hitler______in his room.mitted suicideB.got committed suicideC.was committed suicideD.was suicide上一题下一题(38/40)Vocabulary第38题Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.A.be adjournedB.should cancelC.be going to cancelD.is to adjourn上一题下一题(39/40)Vocabulary第39题It is no good______persuade me.A.for you to try toB.trying toC.of you toD.of you to try to上一题下一题(40/40)Vocabulary第40题The main trouble is______enough knowledge.A.their not havingB.them not havingC.theirs not havingD.for them to not have上一题下一题(41~50/共30题)Reading ComprehensionProofreadingBefore 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless thewoman´s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, asingle woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly didnot want a baby should not have to have it. __41__Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __42__ forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __43__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __44__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __45__of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out__46__ of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- __47__ ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, __48__ no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But __49__a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. __50__第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant´s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant´s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individualhuman being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.第51题It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.A.a work of art should not be analyzedB.analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of itC.understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his workD.all mature people can understand art equally well第52题The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.A.The child is concerned only with his own bodyB.The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desiresC.The infant´s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing itD.The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time第53题It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.A.to enhance the individual´s motivation to learn as quickly as possibleB.too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideologyC.to bring man´s knowledge within the scope of allD.to keep all learning at the same stage of development第54题The passage implies that______.A.speech is acquired through direct teachingB.the infant should be taught not to babbleC.infants who do not chatter will never learn to speakD.infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities第55题It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.A.give the infant what he needs before he criesB.teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possibleC.model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce themD.refuse the infant´s demands until he makes them clear上一题下一题(56~60/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIn a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey´s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject. " they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man´s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O´Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life´s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination-and frailty-of Patrick White´s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders-and their sneering contempt for the law-did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, " I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their " life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement-that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them-in their own personal language perhaps-of the " togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.第56题According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human conditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair第57题In the author´s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence of the " life experience" adherents has been______.A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swing over to "learning through doing"D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning第58题As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone第59题The author´s purpose in this passage is to______.A.list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculumpare the young reader´s experience with literature to that of the mature readerC.advocate the adoption of the "life experience" approach to teachingD.plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum第60题The author´s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.A.call attention to the writing of Thucydides and CarlyleB.support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our facultiesC.point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our pastD.show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading上一题下一题(61~65/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIt has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly thespeed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump-which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances-then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear-either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding-to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass-that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein´s theories, since the "faster" a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.第61题The "sound" of Professor Zuckerkandl´s book title probably refers to ______.A.the music of the spheresB.music in the abstractC.musical notationD.the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons第62题The passage supports the inference that______.A.Einstein´s theory of relativity is wrongB.the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein´s theoriesC.time travel is clearly possibleD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light第63题The tone of the passage is______.A.critical but hopefulB.hopeful but suspiciousC.suspicious but speculativeD.speculative but hopeful第64题The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?A.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl´s theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einstein´s.第65题According to the author, it is too soon to______.A.call Beethoven a physicistB.adopt proposals such as Zuckerkandl´sC.plan for time travelD.study particle chambers for tachyon traces上一题下一题(66~70/共30题)Reading ComprehensionTwice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(Amap).The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.In the communities of Greenland and eastern Russia monitored so far, the ratio was found to be two girls to one boy. In one village in Greenland only girls have been born.The scientists measured the man-made chemicals in women´s blood that mimic human hormones and concluded that they were capable of triggering changes in the sex of unborn children in the first three weeks of gestation. The chemicals are carried in the mother´s bloodstream through the placenta to the foetus, switching hormones to create girl children.Lars-Otto Reierson, executive secretary for Amap, said: " We knew that the levels of man-made chemicals were accumulating in the food chain, and that seals, whales and particularly polar bears were getting a dose a million times higher than that existing in plankton, and that this could be toxic to humans who ate these higher animals. What was shocking was that they were also able to change the sex of children before birth.The sex balance of the human race-historically a slight excess of boys over girls-has recently begun to change. A paper published in the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences earlier this year said that in Japan and the US there were 250,000 boys fewer than would have been expected had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged. The paper was unable to pin down a cause for the new excess of girls over boys.The Arctic scientists have discovered that many of the babies born in Russia are premature and the boys are far smaller than girls. Possible links between the pollutants and high infantmortality in the first year of life is also being investigated.Scientists believe a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment from generators, televisions and computers that mimic human hormones are implicated. They are carried by winds and rivers to the Arctic where they accumulate in the food chain and in the bloodstreams of the largely meat-and fish-eating Inuit communities.The first results of the survey were disclosed at a symposium of religious, scientific and environmental leaders in Greenland´s capital, Nuuk, yesterday, organized by the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Bartholomew I, which is looking at the effects of environmental pollution on the Arctic.Dr Reierson said the accumulation of DDT, PCBs, flame-retardants and other endocrine disrupters has been known for some time and young women had been advised to avoid eating some Arctic animals to avoid excess contamination and possible damage to their unborn children. Dr Reierson said blood samples from pregnant women were subsequently matched with the sex of their baby. Women with elevated levels of PCBs in their blood above two to four micrograms per litre and upwards were checked in three northern peninsula´s in Russia´s far east-the Kola, Taimyr and Chukotka-plus the Pechora River Basin.To check the results the survey was widened and further communities, including those on Commodore Island, were investigated. The results were now in for 480 families and the ratio remained the same.He said full results for the widening of the survey would not be published until next year but preliminary results for Greenland showed the same 2:1 ratio in the north.Aqqaluk Lynge, the former chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference who hails from Greenland, said: "This is a disaster, especially for some 1 ,500 people who make up the Inuit nations in the far north east of Russia." Here in the north of Greenland, in the villages near the Thule American base, only girl babies are being born to Inuit families." The problem is acute in the north and east of Greenland where people still have the traditional diet."This has become a critical question of people´s survival but few governments want to talk a-bout the problem of hormone mimickers because it means thinking about the chemicals you use. "I think they need to be tested much more stringendy before they are allowed on the market. "第66题Why are their more girls than boys born in some Arctic villages?____第67题How did man-made chemicals in women´s blood affect the sex of the unborn children?____第68题What is the case in Japan and the US had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged?____第69题How did scientists believe that a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment get to the Arctic?____第70题When is the full result for the widening of the survey expected to be published?____。

2015年武汉大学信息管理学院441出版专业基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年武汉大学信息管理学院441出版专业基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解武汉大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（满分值150分）科目名称：出版专业基础（D卷）科目代码：441注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。

一、名词解释（共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）1．坊刻答：坊刻是我国古代图书的生产方式之一。

坊刻是指书坊刻书。

书坊是古代买书兼刻书的店铺，是一种具有商业性质的私人出版发行单位，由书坊刻印的书称为坊刻本、书坊本或书棚本。

坊刻的主体是书商。

我国早期印刷品多为坊刻本。

唐代坊刻已经相当普遍。

坊刻图书中佛经最多，民间用书次之。

书坊刻书以市场需求为导向，所刻书大都是四部经典的名家注本、科举程式用书、医书、各类名家名著的选本、通俗文学读物等；形式上多为小字本、巾箱本、互注本、插图本。

中国历史上出版技术的发明和革新，大多出现在以坊刻为代表的民间出版活动中。

商人的经营能力强，但同时却又常为谋利而粗制滥造、弄虚作假。

2．编辑加工答：编辑加工整理通常简称“编辑加工”、“加工整理”或“加工”，是对已决定接受出版的稿件再次从各方面进行审核并作修改润饰和规范化处理的活动。

编辑加工的职责是要提高已决定接受出版的稿件的质量，目的是使其在内容和形式两个方面都符合出版标准，所以重点是要从微观上具体检查原稿，对其加以匡正、修饰和润色，使其内容更完善，材料更准确，逻辑更严密，体例更严谨，语言文字更通达、规范。

对稿件进行编辑加工整理，必须遵循下列原则：尊重作者，忌强加于人；改必有据，忌无知妄改；依据规范，忌滥施刀斧。

编辑加工整理的对象必须是经过三级审稿决定接受出版的稿件。

3．各学科交叉审读制度答：各学科交叉审读制度是指由各学科的编辑互相交换审读稿件。

它多适用于大型工具书选题。

因为大型工具书往往会有各学科的交叉问题，如百科性辞书中的某些条目就可能涉及知识跨度极大的诸多学科，通过各学科编辑的交叉审读并各有侧重地把好专业知识关，可以避免或大大减少稿件中重复、遗漏或相互矛盾等问题。

2015年10月现代汉语真题带答案

2015年10月现代汉语真题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

在每小?题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

）1．汉语不靠词的形态变化来表示词与词的语法关系，而靠语序和虚词来表达语法关系，是（）。

?A．综合语?B．黏着语?C．孤立语?D．屈折语?【答案】C?【解析】汉语属于孤立语，没有丰富的形态变化，语序和虚词是表达语法关系的主要手段，不像印欧语系中的屈折语那样，词与词的语法关系主要靠词本身的形态变化来表示。

?【考点】绪论——现代汉语的特点?2．现代汉民族共同语的语音标准是（）。

?A．天津语音?B．北京语音?C．上海语音?D．长沙语音?【答案】B?【解析】现代汉民族共同语以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文着作为语法规范。

?【考点】绪论——汉语的规范化和汉语课程的学习?3．属于单元音韵母的是（）。

?A．本?B．白?C．不?D．别?【答案】C?【解析】A项的韵母是由元音带辅音构成的，B、D两项的韵母是复元音韵母。

?【考点】语音——韵母?4．下列音节中，调值为214的是（）。

?A．定?B．梨?C．开?D．猛?【答案】D?【解析】A项的调值是51，B项的调值是35，C项的调值是55。

?【考点】语音——声调?5．说话时“啊”会变读为“呀”的是（）。

?A．快说啊?B．真酷啊?C．真好听啊?D．天啊?【答案】A?【解析】前一音节的韵腹或韵尾是a、o（ao、iao除外）、e、i、v时，“啊”读成ya,文字可写作“呀”。

?【考点】语音——音变?6．从总体来看，汉字字体演变的主流是（）。

?A．简化?B．泛化?C．字母化?D．拼音化?【答案】A?【解析】从汉字字体演变的历史来看，总的趋势是由繁难变为简易，当然又是为了区别字义或注明字音，也有添加组字成分而使汉字繁复化的现象。

不过，从总体上看，简化是汉字主体演变的主流。

汉语国际教育硕士汉语基础(汉语应用能力)历年真题试卷汇编1

汉语国际教育硕士汉语基础（汉语应用能力）历年真题试卷汇编一、汉字能力题1.“颐”有__________笔。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)2.按照形旁和声旁的部位，“勇”“型”“贷”“姿”属于形声字中的__________结构。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)3.“同”是__________结构。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)4.“匣”字的声旁是__________。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)5.“颍”字的形旁是__________。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)6.“火”的第二笔是__________。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)7.“比”的第一笔是__________。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)8.异形词“本分”和“本份”中，推荐词形是__________。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)9.“义”的笔顺是__________。

(广东外语外贸大学2015)改正下列错别字10.阴谋鬼计(南京师范大学2015)11.原形必露(南京师范大学2015)12.坚绝反对(南京师范大学2015)13.披星带月(南京师范大学2015)14.情不自尽(南京师范大学2015)15.篷荜生辉(南京师范大学2015)16.写作题纲(南京师范大学2015)17.高瞻远嘱(南京师范大学2015)18.弛名中外(南京师范大学2015)19.英雄倍出(南京师范大学2015)二、语法词汇规范20.简要回答，为什么(1)A、(2)A可以说，(1)B、(2)B不可以说?(北京大学2016) (1)A．把衣服脱了B．把衣服穿了(2)A．大冬天的B．大春天的21.“老张有辆奔驰很得意”，“老张有条宠物狗很聪明”没有歧义，而“老张有个女儿很骄傲”则有歧义，请根据上述短语的语法语义特点予以解释。

(中国人民大学2016) 22.留学生常把“了解”和“理解”用错，如：(1)通过旅游我们可以理解中国，也可以提高自己的汉语水平。

(2)小时候我不能了解他这样的个性，可是现在觉得他这个地方很可爱。

2015汉硕真题回忆版(1)

2015汉语国际教育专业课试题汉语基础壹、现代汉语基础知识（80分）一、填空题。

（30分）1、在语汇方面，现代汉语语素以_____为主，词以双音节占优势，构词主要采用_____法。

2、现代汉语方言有“十区说”，分别为官话、晋语、吴语、徽语、赣语、湘语、闽语、粤语、_____、_____。

3、汉字造字法可以分为两类：一类是不带表音成分的象形、_____、_____，一类是带表音成分的_____。

4、《汉语拼音方案》可以分为字母表、声母表、韵母表、_____、_____五个部分。

5、韵母按照四呼的分类，可分为开口呼、_____、_____、_____四类。

6、最小的语言单位是_____，最小的能够独立运用的语言单位是_____。

7、普通话的音变现象主要有_____、_____、_____、增音、减音、轻声等。

8、词义派生的方式主要有两种，分别为_____和_____。

9、根据作用的不同，可以把代词分为_____、_____、_____。

10、语言中的指示信息是话语理解的重要方面，指示可分为_____、_____、_____。

二、名词解释。

（20分）1、普通话2、音步3、合成词4、对偶三、简答题。

（20分）1、举例说明存现句的特点。

2、举例说明复句关系词语的作用。

四、分析题。

（10分）1、分析下列音素的特征。

（3分）[i] [p]2、分析句子成分。

（3分）生长在江南的同志们看到这些水墨画高兴得直鼓掌。

3、分析多重复句。

（4分）他才30岁，而且既…，又没学历，但是他办事认真，何况…，所以段所长很信任他。

贰、古代汉语基础知识（70分）一、填空题。

（20分）1、汉字的古文字可分为_____、_____、篆书和隶书。

2、词义的发展可分为词义的_____、缩小、_____。

3、“太后之色少解”中“少”是_____词，“宋人或得玉”中“或”是_____词，“不战而屈人之兵”中“而”是_____词，“夸父与日逐走”中“与”是_____词。

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汉语国际教育基础一填空 22 分道德真经南华真经分别是风骚的骚玄奘的书名最古老的文字三大短篇小说巨匠中俄国的六礼中的请期五四后郭沫若等在日本成立的文学社团名字最先发现甲骨文的是河南哪个市语言机制在大脑哪半球欧几里得的书名人数最多的少数民族浮世绘的国家颜柳中的柳 …… …… 二名词解释 30 分采邑制十三经纪事本末体泛智主义新文化运动封禅制三简答 48 分 1 儒家的入世精神 2 道教对中国文化的影响 3 拉丁语的主要国家及使用原因 4 中介语的定义和特点 5 拉丁字母的产生过程
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【真题】2015 武汉大学汉硕真汉语基础二十个加点字词解释，有特殊用法的要标明，共 40 分汉字字体演变过程，隶变对汉字结构的影响 15 分古文标点翻译冯諼和孟尝君标点 10 翻译 20 指出词语类型 15 分天下芣苡寡人夭夭离离踯躅莞尔仓庚仓促朋友 …… 词语辨析畏&惧从而&进而据&根据对于&关于 15 分多义词和同音词差别 10 分方言与普通话声调上的差别 10 分语序为何重要，结合你熟悉的语言谈谈 25 分
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6 洛克的三权分立是行政外交和立法，孟德斯鸠对其调整，改为行政立法司法，你对这变化的理解四论述 50 分 1 偏误的来源 2 从社会文化人性心理角度论述西方高跟鞋隆胸术，韩国整容术以及中国古代女子缠足的异同