农作物秸秆焚烧遥感监测方法研究

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目录
第一章 绪论 ............................................. 1
1.1 选题依据和意义 .............................................. 1 1.2 红外遥感应用概述 ............................................ 3 1.3 国内外热红外遥感研究进展 .................................... 4 1.3.1 热红外遥感地表温度反演研究进展 .......................... 4 1.3.2 热异常点及火点遥感监测研究进展 .......................... 5 1.4 主要研究内容 ................................................ 8 1.4.1 研究内容 ................................................ 8 1.4.2 技术路线 ................................................ 9
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Abstract
Since 21. century, more and more straw has been burned in large areas in China. Straw burning will not only consume a large number of resources, but also affect the atmospheric environment with sending a lot of harmful smoke and greenhouse gases into the air and pollute surrounding water and soil, endanger people's productive activities and life directly or indirectly. Straw burning is becoming a serious environmental and social issue. Research, monitoring and treatment are carrying on in relevant departments. It's impossible to acquire information of all straw burning fire spots by traditional monitoring tools. Satellite remote sensing technology which has advantages in such as extensive coverage, responsive, informative and widely used in environmental monitoring begins to be used for the monitoring of straw burning. The key technology of straw burning monitoring with satellite remote sensing is land surface temperature retrieval and detecting of the thermal anomaly points. Many studies have been made on fire monitoring with remote sensing and approach is increasingly mature at home and abroad, especially to forest fire and grassland fire. But there is less research on the monitoring of straw burning. HJ-1 Microsatellite Constellation is the first specified satellite for environment monitoring in China. As an infrared sensor, HJ-1/IRS is carried on one of HJ-1B which has mid-infrared band and thermal infrared band, has the capability of detecting hot abnormal points. In this paper, fixed threshold straw fire detection algorithm using simulated fire spots data for HJ-1B-IRS is proposed, based on the features of HJ-1B-IRS sensor and monitoring algorithm of NOAA/AVHRR and EOS/MODIS. The threshold for cloud detection was proposed by statistic of the cloud pixels of HJ-1B-IRS. According to the fire products of MODIS, I analyzed the property of the corresponding fire pixels of HJ-1B-IRS and built a contextual algorithm for HJ-1B-IRS fire detection. Based on the long term straw fire monitoring results, the database of fixed fire spots is
第二章 热异常点遥感监测原理 ............................ 10
2.1 热辐射原理 ................................................. 10 2.1.1 热辐射的基本定律 ....................................... 10 2.1.2 基尔霍夫（Kirchhoff）定律 .............................. 11 2.1.3 普朗克（Planck）定律 ................................... 11 2.1.4 斯特藩－玻尔兹曼（Stefan-Boltzmann）定律 ............... 12 2.1.5 维恩位移定律 ........................................... 12 2.2 火点遥感监测原理 ............................................ 13
摘
要
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
进入 21 世纪以来人们开始大面积焚烧秸秆，而且愈演愈烈。农作物秸秆焚 烧不仅消耗大量资源，释放大量的烟尘和温室气体对大气环境造成影响，还会 污染周围的水资源和土壤，直接或间接地危害人们的生产和生活。秸秆焚烧日 益成为一个严重的环境和社会问题，相关部门也大力的进行研究、监测及治理。 传统监测手段无法及时地获取整个区域全部焚烧秸秆的火点信息，卫星遥 感技术以其覆盖范围广、反应迅速、信息量大等特点广泛应用于环境监测等领 域，开始被用于秸秆焚烧的监测。秸秆焚烧火点监测的关键技术是地表温度的 反演和热异常点的提取，国内外已经有很多对火点卫星遥感监测的研究，技术 也日趋成熟和完善，特别是对森林火和草原火的遥感监测，但对秸秆焚烧的遥 感监测的研究较少。环境一号卫星，是中国首次专用于环境与灾害监测预报的 卫星，在其 B 星上搭载的红外相机设置了中红外和热红外通道，具备对热源的 探测能力，可用于秸秆焚烧火点监测。 本文在充分研究了 NOAA/AVHRR 和 EOS/MODIS 的火点监测算法的基础 上，根据环境一号卫星红外相机特点，建立环境卫星火点监测固定阈值算法， 并根据多时相卫星数据得出云检测阈值。 根据 MODIS 火点监测结果， 分析对应 的环境卫星的火点像元特性，建立环境卫星火点监测环境对比算法。根据长时 间秸秆焚烧火点监测结果，建立固定火点数据库，提高了秸秆焚烧火点监测准 确度。通过实验验证了环境卫星秸秆焚烧火点监测算法的可行性，发现环境卫 星红外数据对火点的探测灵敏度较高，能够较好地监测到秸秆焚烧火点，将其 监测火点和 MODIS 基于上下文算法的结果的相对比发现，两者空间分布一致， 但火点的具体数量、位置有一定差别，这与两种数据的空间分辨率的差异、空 间几何校正的精度的差异等因素有关，还需做进一步的深入研究。 关键词：秸秆焚烧;热异常;遥感监测;环境卫星
第三章 常用火点监测传感器及搭载卫星 .................... 15
3.1 NOAA/AVHRR ................................................. 15 3.2 EOS/MODIS .................................................. 17 3.2.1 EOS 计划 ................................................ 17 3.2.2 MODIS .................................................. 17 3.3 HJ-1B/IRS .................................................. 19
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established which could improve the results of HJ-based straw fire monitoring. The monitoring algorithm is proved by experiment. HJ-1B-infrared data has high detection sensitivity to fire spots and can monitor straw burning fire spots preferably. After comparison and analysis of the result of HJ-1B/IRS and EOS/MODIS, we got the conclusion that they have the same spatial distribution but subtle difference in the concrete location and number of fire spots. That is relevant to the differences existing in spatial resolution and geometric correction of two data which is needed further study. Key Words： Straw burning; thermal anomaly; remote sensing monitoring; HJ-1
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第四章 热异常点遥感监测算法研究 ........................ 22
4.1 NOAA/AVHRR 火点监测算法 .................................... 22 4.2 EOS/MODIS 火点监测算法 ..................................... 25 4.3 环境卫星红外数据秸秆焚烧火点监测算法研究 ................... 28 4.3.1 云识别算法 ............................................. 28 4.3.2 固定阈值算法 ........................................... 29 4.3.3 环境对比算法 ........................................... 32 4.3.4 亮目标滤除 ............................................. 33 4.3.5 火点区域综合 ........................................... 34 4.3.6 秸秆焚烧火点判定 ....................................... 34 4.3.7 固定火点的统计及滤除 ................................... 35