unit6thediaryoftheunknownsoldier课文翻译综合教程二

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大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

Some scientists working on the question of extraterrestrial intelligence, myself among them, have attempted to estimate the number of advanced technical civilizations -- defined operationally as societies capable of radio astronomy -- in the Milky Way Galaxy. Such estimates are little better than guesses. They require assigning numerical values to quantities such as the numbers and ages of stars; the abundance of planetary systems and the likelihood of the origin of life, which we know less well;and the probability of the evolution of intelligent life and the lifetime of technical civilizations, about which we know very little indeed.
In the last few years -- in one-millionth the lifetime of our species on this planet -- we have achieved an extraordinary technological capability which enables us to seek outunimaginably distant civilizations even if they are no more advanced than we. That capability is called radio astronomy and involves single radio telescopes, collections or arrays of radio telescopes, sensitive radio detectors, advanced computers for processing received date, and the imagination and skill of dedicated scientists. Radio astronomy has in the last decade opened a new window on the physical universe. It may also, if we are wise enough to make the effort, cast a profound light on the biologicaluniverse.

大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

Procedures Section. The second major section of the research report details, with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes description of any necessary equipment, how the subjects were selected if subjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigation of the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have to detail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, the experience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the test, and any other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.

(完整版)大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researcher to the question under consideration with someassessment of the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in the field and, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.
Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned. This section requires a precise statement of the underlying question which the researcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be an explanation of the significance -- social, economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc. -- of the question; in other words, why the investigation was worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance to the health of this segment of the population and might lead to some sort of regulations on such foods.

大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

Since Project Ozma, there have been six or eight other such programs, all at a rather modest level, in the United States, Canada and the Soviet Union. All results have been negative. The total number of individual stars examined to date in this way is less than a thousand. We have performed something like one tenth of one percent of the required effort.
However, there are signs that much more serious efforts may be mustered in the reasonably near future. Besides, hand in handwith the recent spectacular advances in radio technology, there has been a dramatic increase in the scientific and public respectability of the entire subject of extraterrestrial life. A clear sign of the new attitude is the Viking missions to Mars, whichare to a significantextent dedicated to the search for life on another planet.

(完整版)大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER
The standard research report, regardless of the field or the intended reader, contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.
Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule in this section is to give all data relevant to the research question initially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppress any findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly written and as complete as possible, just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.

新视野英语第二册课文翻译Unit6

新视野英语第二册课文翻译Unit6第一篇：新视野英语第二册课文翻译 Unit 6Unit 6Text A小提琴盒里的生活1为了让你了解我的信念，我必须简单地说一说我的个人历史。

2我的人生转折点是我决定放弃前途无量的经商生涯去学习音乐。

虽然父母也能理解我，但他们不同意我把音乐当作一种职业。

从我的家庭背景来看，我想这也是可以理解的。

3我的祖父在斯普林希尔学院教了近40年的音乐。

虽然他在社会上备受尊敬，可他几乎赚不到足够的钱来供养一大家子人。

我父亲经常说，多亏了我祖母勤俭持家，他们才得以勉强维持生计。

4家里有了这个先例，后来只要一提到一音乐为生，我们就想到朝不保夕的生活。

父母坚持要我上大学而不是音乐学校，所以我就上了大学.5我从哥伦比亚大学毕业之前，家里经济上出了点问题，所以我感到自己有义务离开学校去找份工作。

于是我就稀里糊涂地开始了经商生涯---我认为，那是自己一生当中的蹉跎岁月。

6当然，我一点都没有贬低经商的意思；我的意思只是说经商不适合我。

我是为了钱才去经商的，而且，除了因为能够帮助家庭而得到的满足感之外，钱就是我经商所得到的一切。

这还远远不够。

我觉得生命在离我而去。

我变得很忧伤。

我的目的就是攒够钱后停止经商，然后去欧洲学习音乐。

7我那时常常一大清早起来练琴，然后去“市中心”工作。

我不和同事们一起吃中饭，而是找一家便宜的小餐馆，点一分简单便宜的午餐。

我不停地赚钱，终于一点点地攒够了出国的钱。

8那时，家里不再需要我帮助，所以我放弃了工作，坐船去了欧洲。

我在那儿呆了4年，发奋学习，用工的程度是我以前做梦都想不到的，而且每一分钟都过得很开心。

9说真的，“开心”这个词环不足以表达我的心情；我简直是陶醉了。

这才是真正的生活。

我成了一个自由的人，我在做我喜欢和该做的事情。

10如果一直经商的话，我今天可能已经是一个真正的有钱的人了。

然而，我并不认为那样的生活会是成功的。

我可能放弃掉了金钱所无法买到的幸福---当一个的主要目标是赚钱时，这种幸福往往就被放弃掉了。

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier答案综合教程二

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI.B.II.1. T;2. F;3. F;4. T;5. F.III.1. Because he felt that all of them had been somewhat fooled. They were totallyunprepared for the cruelty of the war and the immensity of its killing power. “They all came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win,”but what awaited them was “a one-way ticket to death.”2. He wrote his first entry when his regiment was in London to protect the city fromNazi's air raids; his second one when his group of soldiers had journeyed to a small European town untouched by warfare; and the last one when their secret location was discovered by Nazi troops and he faced approaching death.3. It was his wish to come home alive to see his family. This is mentioned in all the three entries: “I must go on living this nightmare, if not for myself or my country, then for my family back home. I want my children to have a father.”“…wondering yet again if I would ever see my family. I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes!”“I wish, with all my soul, that I could be home now…I am thinking of my daughters' faces…I will always remember their faces…”4. He would tell them that those soldiers died bravely in an effort to save their countriesfrom turmoil and make the children feel that their fathers made a difference.5. He felt disgusted at the cruelty of the war, questioned the judgment of human beingswho started the war and felt enraged at killing innocent lives and destroying whole countries.IV.1. Although my stories about their fathers' death might not relieve their sadness, they will enable the children to see the extraordinary significance of their fathers' contribution.2. I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “We can't affordto fight even one war.”Structural analysis of the textDiary writing follows the flow of the writer's thoughts. It is usually “structured”by the author's free associations.1. What do the three entries of the diary have in common?Two thematic topics in common, the horrible scenes of the war and the writer's strong love for, and emotional attachment to his family.2. How are the particular situations related to the common thematic topics?Firstly, the writer describes his thought and fear under German air raids, which led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems of his family.Secondly, the writer describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition in a small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.Thirdly, it was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death. The writer's only wish was that someone could return the diary to his family.VocabularyI. Phrase1. no more than = only 只是，仅仅2. strike a painful note in my head = make me feel painful 使某人感到痛苦3. more blood has been shed = Further casualties have been caused4. word has it that …= it is said that …据说……5. with an air of = appearing full of, radiating 带着……的样子，带着……的神情II.1. running;2. tucked;3. inspected;4. taken precautions;5. with an air of;6. adventurous;7. enraged;8. panicked.III. Word derivation.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. stiffened2. errors3. invasion4. assumption5. innocence6. assignment7. explosion8. descriptionIV.1. B;2. D;3. C;4. D;5. C;6. B;7. C;8. A.V. Synonym / Antonym.Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: heaps, stacks2. Antonym: love, kindness3. Synonym: small, lesser4. Antonym: surplus, abundance, plenty5. Synonym: reasonable, rational6. Synonym: terrible, desperate7. Synonym: bold, brave8. Synonym: regular, usualVI. Prefix/ suffix.Write in each space the meaning of each given word.1. offset balance2. outdo defeat3. overtake catch up and pass4. underline emphasize5. uphold support6. withstand bear7. downplay lessen8. forestall preventGrammar ExercisesI.How big / Who / What / How often / Why / What.II.1. What did you do on Friday?2. What time did you get up?3. Did you have breakfast?4. Who's Mary?5. Where did you first meet her?6. What does she do?7. Where does she live?8. What's she like?9. Do you often see her?10. Why did she come to you on Friday morning?III.1. she has gone2. when she will be back3. if she went out aloneIV.1. a. It signals that rain is expected by the speaker.b. It suggests that the speaker does not expect it to rain.2. a. It is more emphatic.b. It is more formal. The speaker is probably losing patience with the listener.3. a. It is used to express doubt or uncertainty.b. It is used to seek confirmation from the listener and the speaker expects agreement.4. a. The speaker expects that the listener has carried out the action.b. The speaker may be displeased or annoyed that the action was performed.5. a is more polite than b.6. a is quite friendly while b conveys a bit irritation.7. a. With a rising tone, the tag question is used to verify or check information that wethink is true or to check info4rmation that we aren't sure is true.tagthe use we point, strong a make to or sarcastic, be to trying are we When b.question with a falling tone.8. a. The non-polarized tag question is used for special effect, such as sarcasm, disbelief, shock, anger, concern, etc.b. The polarized tag question is used to verify or check information.V.…they had …their…their…. He had …were…were …were …diminished, …was …existed …might be …. They felt …were …offered ….Translation exercisesI.1. 我所到之处满目疮痍，楼房夷为瓦砾，活人成了死尸，生命的欢乐已然封存在一具具尸体之内，这一切时时刻刻都在刺痛着我的心。

unit 6 The Diary of the unknown soldier

Battles Western front Eastern front Pacific Axis collapse, Allied victory
Allies of World War II
Countries officially opposed to the Axis powers Within the ranks of the Allied powers, the British Empire, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America were known as "The Big Three." The Three: Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred to the Big Three and China as the "Four Policemen".
e.g. The whole church is singing a song. The grey hair should be respected. The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工. （这里buses 喻指司机drivers) Mrs. Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.
3. aftermath: n. consequence, esp. the disastrous one 1) the result following a bad event famine as an aftermath of drought 2) a period of time following a disastrous event: the aftermath of war

Unit-6-The-Diary-of-the-Unknown-Soldier-Teaching-p

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierTeaching Objectives1)To help students to get to know soldiers’ experiences in WWII;2)To help students to get to know the Second World War;3)To help students to learn to analyze the text;4)To help students to learn the language in this text;5)To help students to develop oral English ability and communicativecompetence.Teaching Procedures6)Lead-in activities7)Cultural Backgrounds8)Text analysis9)Structural analysis10)Language study11)ExercisesLead-in Activities1. Lead-in Questions:1). Have you seen any war film?2). Can you describe the cruelties of war from the eyes of a soldier?3). Can you guess what question a soldier would as about war before he was killed?2. Group discussion1) What can we benefit from a diary?2) What I would be like if I were in the WWII?Cultural information1. QuotesThe real and lasting victories are those of peace, and not of war.— Ralph Waldo Emerson2. World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945 which involved most of the world’s nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized. In a state of “total war”, the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant action against civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it was the deadliest conflict in human history, and it has been estimated that it resulted in fifty million to over seventy million fatalities.The war is generally accepted to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. China and Japan were already at war by this date, whereas other countries that were not initially involved joined the war later in response to events such as the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese attacks on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor and on British overseas colonies, which triggered declarations of war on Japan by the United States, the British Commonwealth, and the Netherlands.The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. World War II left the political alignment and social structure of the world significantly changed. While the United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next forty-six years. Meanwhile, the acceptance of the principle of self-determination accelerated decolonization movements in Asia and Africa, while Western Europe began moving toward economic recovery and increased political integration.Text IThe Diary of the Unknown SoldierGlobal ReadingI. Text analysis1.What do the three entries of the diary have in common?The three entries have two thematic topics in common, one being the horrible scenes of the war that the writer witnessed, and the other being the writer’s strong love for, and emotional attachment to his family. These two themes recur in all three entries.2.What particular situation or context does each entry have? And how is thisparticular situation related to the common thematic topics in these three entries?In the first entry, the writer describes how he felt and feared under German air raids. This led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems his family might be undergoing back in America.In the second entry, the writer describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition ina small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.The third entry was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death.The writer’s only wish was that someone could return the diary to his family.II. Structural analysisDiary writing is a unique type of writing in that it is not structured ina pre-planned way as are other types of writing. In a diary entry, the writer’spen simply follows the flow of his thoughts. In other words, a piece of diarywriting is usually“structured” by the author’s free associations between the present, the past, and the future, or between the reality and the imagination, or between the actual happenings and the author’s feelings.Detailed ReadingThe first entryParagraph 1Questions:Why did the unknown soldier’s heart ache?Because everywhere around him he saw piles of rubbles where houses used to stand andthose who had once lived happily inside the houses now lost their lives, vigor and hope.Paragraph 2Questions:Why did the author say he was lucky at the end of the paragraph? (Paragraph 2) He was knocked into a trench in the air raid and thereby avoided being detected by the enemy plane circling overhead, so he thought he was a lucky survivor.Paragraphs 3-4:Questions:1. How did the author describe the aftermath of the explosion? (Paragraph 3)The author said in his diary “it was a sea of blood” after the explosions. 2. What thought came into his mind even though he survived the bombing? What madehim give up the thought? (Paragraph 3)Thoughts of suicide entered his head, but the strong desire to go back home to see his darling daughters and beloved wife made him give up this idea, he decided that he must go on living this nightmare.The second entryParagraph 1Questions:Was the author in a critical situation when he wrote his second diary entry? Yes. His K-rations were running low. His joints were frozen stiff and his ammunition has been used up. However, there was news that the Axis powers were sending troops to his location in a month.Paragraph 2Questions:How did the sight of a young girl in the small European town stir the author’s feelings?The author passed a girl of no more than twelve or thirteen when he was performing his routine watch. He couldn’t help thinking about his two daughters. He feltheart-broken and broke into tears, wondering if he would return home and see his family. He would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes.The third entryParagraph 1Questions:What was the author’s earnest wish when he was faced with his approaching death?He wished, with all his heart and soul, that he could be home, getting together with his wife and children, waiting for Christmas morning to come, enjoying the peace at home and the happiness of reunion.Text IILife Goes OnIn remembrance of a soldier, who died in action at YpresJoana CruddasLead-in Questions1. Have you ever visited any places in memorial of soldiers or citizens who diedin war?2. What impressed you most while being there? How do you feel about the place?Main ideasThe author impressed the reader with the cruelty of war mainly being specific about the great numbers of the soldiers and animals lost in the war. From these figures the reader can easily imagine how many civilians were killed.The idea “Life Goes on” is mainly expressed in the first and the last paragraphs. In the first paragraph the author describes the tall and defiant towers of St. Martin’s Cathedral and the Cloth Hall and tell us that “the Flemish city ha s been invaded nineteen times” in her history, which suggests that the evil will never be able to conquer the good. In the last paragraph, the author mentions, “this daily moment of solemnity passes quickly. Ypres is preparing for the annual Festival of th e Cats”, which tells us that life is sweet and that, whatever happens, sweet life goes on.Notes1. … stand tall and defiant above Ypres, Belgium. (Paragraph 1): Ypres is a town of West Flanders, Belgium, the scene of some of the bitterest fighting of the First World War. Flanders is a region in the southwestern part of the Low Countries (the region of northwestern Europe, comprising the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg), now divided between Belgium, France and the Netherlands. It was the scene of prolonged fighting during the First World War. Here the word “defiant,”which means “challenging boldly,”points to the heroic spirit of the people of the small town which had been invaded so many times.2.if anything(Paragraph 5): a phrase you use to introduce something that strengthens or changesthe meaning of what you have just saide.g.It certainly wasn’t an improvement. We were, if anything, worse off than before.She didn’t seem upset about losing her job. If anything, she seemed very happy.3. Commonwealth(Paragraph 6): a free association of Britain and certain sovereign independentstates, formerly the colonies of the British Empire and their dependencies4.sets the scene(Paragraph 7): prepares the way or creates the conditions in which an event islikely to happene.g. The unjust agreement set the scene for another war.The scene is set for a tragedy.5. We already are. (Paragraph 8): We are already imagining what it was like.6. He died that we might live … (Paragraph 12): He died so that we mig ht live …7.Führer (Paragraph 16): a German word which means “leader.” Here it refers to Adolf Hitler after he came to power. It is normally translated as “元首” . 8. My knowledge of history is put to shame. (Paragraph 16): I feel ashamed of my poor knowledge of history.9. Downing Street (Paragraph 17): the street in Westminster in London, where the prime ministerand the Chancellor of the Exchequer have their official residences10. Buckingham Palace (Paragraph 19): the official residence in London of the British sovereign11. Lord Kitchener (Paragraph 19): (1850–1956) British field marshal. As warminister from 1914 to 1916, he mobilized the British Army in World War I. 12. John McCrae (Paragraph 20): (1872–1918) a World War I poet. He is rememberedfor what is probably the single best-known and popular poem “In Flanders Fields”published in 1919.Questions for discussion1. The article is a brief account of the author’s visit to Ypres, which is chronologically organized. She was taken to a number of places by the local tourist guide. Now try to pick out the spots she visited, and then tell what historic significance each of them has.2. How does the passage impress the reader with the cruelty of war?3. How do you think the author felt when she was taken to the German cemetery?4. In what way is the title “Life Goes On” illustrated by the author?Key to questions for discussion1. First spot: Reservoir Cemetery, where the author’s uncle Peter Cruddas and hundreds of other soldiers were buried.Second spot: the Menin Gate. The names of 55,000 missing soldiers are engraved on its walls.Third spot: the Hooge Crater Museum.Fourth spot: Bethlehem Farm. The smallest cemetery, holding 44 graves.Fifth spot: Tyne Cot. The largest British cemetery.Sixth spot: a Belgian cemetery.Seventh spot: the Langemark Cemetery, a German cemetery.Last spot: the Pool of Peace, a large crater created by an explosion.2. The author impresses the reader with the cruelty of war mainly by being specific about the greatnumbers of the soldiers and animals lost in the war — about 250,000 dead bodies buried in just one of the 75 cemeteries (Paragraph 6), 55,000 soldiers were missing and half a million horses and mules were lost (Paragraph 7). From these figures the reader can easily imagine how many people were killed.3. How she felt at that moment is not explicitly described in the article, but most probably she hadmixed feelings at that moment, a mixture of hatred and sympathy. She hated the Germans for the destruction they brought to the world, but she might also sympathize with the German soldiers, who were also victims of the war.4. This idea is mainly expressed in the first and the last paragraph. In the firstparagraph the author describes the “tall and defiant”towers of St. Martin’s Cathedral and the Cloth Hall and tells usthat “the Flemish city has been invaded nineteen times”in her history, which suggests that the evil can never conquer the good, and the unjust never the just.In the last paragraph, the author mentions “this daily moment of solemnity passes quickly. Ypres is preparing for the annual Festival of the Cats”, which tells us that life is sweet and that, whatever happens, sweet life goes on.Memorable QuotesWhat are the harmful effects of war? Read the following quotes and find the answer.Guidance: Terrorism, nuclear weapons, wars between or within nations still threat world security. President Obama mentioned in his speech for winning 2009 Nobel Peace Prize that “…the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace. And yet this truth must coexist with another — that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy”, which indicates that we are still far from a world without war, and we still need to strive for the war.1. There never was a good war, or a bad peace.— Benjamin FranklinParaphrase: The war is always bad, and the peace is forever good.2. War is the greatest plague that can afflict humanity;it destroys religion, it destroys states, it destroysfamilies. Any scourge is preferable to it.— Martin LutherParaphrase: War is the greatest disaster that can bring harm and suffering to humanity; it destroys religion, it destroys countries, it destroys families. No other disaster would cause as much damage as the war does.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

综合教程第六册部分课文翻译

第二单元1.成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。

2.然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。

他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。

我刚毅而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。

为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了非法组织的拳击比赛。

至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。

即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。

3.尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。

尽管妈妈勤俭持家，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。

4.由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。

很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。

尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。

所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。

5.虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。

6.每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。

为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交易舞会。

我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。

7.然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。

不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会有失颜面。

千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为我大动干戈。

10.后来有一天，我们家赢得了一个报刊比赛，可以免费照相。

Unit6 The diary of the unknow soldier

vocabulary
odds n.希望，可能性，几率，胜算，掣肘的事情，逆境
He sweeps up and does a few odds and ends.他扫完地，又干了几样杂活儿 shed blood vow . 流血,屠杀
vi. 起誓,发誓,承认
The couple took a vow to love each other forever.这对夫妇发誓永远相爱 turmoil n. 骚动,混乱
--------General Omar Bradley
They were despaired~~~~
vocabulary
joint：n.[解]关节，接合处
Barry had his nose put out of joint by Lucy's aloof sophistication。露西的冷淡与世故使得巴里十分不快。 frozen stiff
err
v. 做错,出错,犯错误
S:mistake,slip
ignorant
a. 无知识的,不知道的,幼稚的 The ignorant are suspicious。无知者多疑。
strew
vt. 散播,撒满 a. 破烂的,褴褛的
tattered
Sentence
Word has it that the Axis powers are sending troops to our location within the month.
传说中轴心力量会在一个月内向本地运送军队、
Word has is that... It is said that...
It is reported that...
tradition has it that... rumor has it that.... custom has it that... 根据传统... 据说，人们都说.... 按照惯例.....

Unit6课文翻译

Unit6课文翻译课文AUnder the bombs:19451945:在炮火攻击下1.如今，当我回首往事，我很惊讶我居然能如此生动地回忆起轰炸开始的情况，那天的色彩和紧张的情绪仍然清晰地印在我的脑海中。

那天，我突然发现在晴朗的天空中出现了12 个银色的小点儿，离我很远，发出不正常的嗡嗡声，这种声音我以前从来没听过。

那年我七岁，就这样站在一片草地上，盯着天空中几乎不怎么移动的小点儿。

2.突然，就在附近，森林的边缘，我听到有巨大的炸弹爆炸的声音。

在我这个小孩的眼里，我看到的是泥土像巨大的喷泉一样冲到天上。

我想跑过去看看这个特别的景象，它让我感到害怕，但是也让我着迷。

我还没有习惯战争，也不能把这些飞机、炸弹的轰鸣、森林那边飞溅开来的泥土以及我看似必然的死亡联系成单一的因果关系。

没考虑有危险，我开始朝着投下炸弹的森林方向跑。

这时一只手拉住了我，把我拽倒在地上。

“趴下来，”我听到母亲发抖的声音，“不要动!”我还记得母亲把我紧紧贴在她身边，说的一些东西我并不知道，也并不理解其含义：那是一条死路。

3.到了晚上，我很困，但是我不能睡。

我们不得不撤离这座城市，像囚犯一样在夜间逃亡。

到哪儿去，我不知道，但是我知道逃跑突然变成了某种必须要做的事情，一种新的生存方式，因为每个人都在逃跑。

4.所有公路、大路、甚至是乡间小路上都是混乱的马车、拉车、自行车，上面装着包裹和箱子，还有数不清的吓坏了的人，他们无助地游走着。

一些人向东边跑，另一些人向西边、北边、南边跑；他们徒劳地跑着，实在累了就躺下来，睡一会儿，然后重新开始他们漫无目的的旅程。

我紧紧地把妹妹的手握在手里。

我母亲警告过，我们不能走失；但就算她没告诉我，我也能感觉到某种危险的灾难弥漫了整个世界。

5.我和妹妹在马车边走着。

这是一辆简易马车，车里铺着干草，在干草上，铺着一条棉布床单，我的祖父躺在上面。

他不能动，已经瘫痪了；也是地雷的受害者。

空袭一来时，所有人都冲到了壕沟里，只有我祖父留在没人的马路上。

Unit 6 The diary of the unknown soldier课文翻译综合教程二讲课讲稿

U n i t6T h e d i a r y o f t h e u n k n o w n s o l d i e r课文翻译综合教程二Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierThis story is dedicated to all of the unknown soldiers who died while trying to protect the lives of the innocent.NOVEMBER 24, 19431 It has been almost six months since I last saw American soil, my family, or my home.My heart aches every moment because everywhere I look I see piles of rubble where houses used to stand and lifeless bodies that once moved around with the joy of life inside them. It is as if I have stared into death’s eyes and seen its hatred, its coldness.If it would have been some strangers’ corpses that I had seen I might have taken it lighter. But these lifeless heaps are, or used to be, my friends and colleagues. They all came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win.1 What fools they were! Couldn’t those men see that what they received was a one-way ticket to death, couldn’t they have opened their eyes! Of course, I was like them, but I have changed my views since the last D-Day, when our regiment was assigned to protect London.2 Today was rainy and cold, just like any other, when, out of the blue, German fighterplanes bombarded our small, makeshift camp.2 All I could hear were the sounds of bombs exploding, crippling those people in their way. I was suddenly knocked into a trench and able to be undetected by the planes circling overhead.3 I was lucky.3 When I came to, the Axis planes had gone and the few survivors that were left beganscooping up bodies. I s uffered minor head injuries, but the rest of my platoon wasn’t so fortunate. All I can say to describe the aftermath of the explosions is that it was a sea of blood. Right about this time thoughts of suicide entered my head, but Idecided that I must go on. I must go on living this nightmare, if not for myself or my country, then for my family back home. I want my children to have a father. Myfamily has been sending me mail, but I have received only a few letters so far. Oh, how I wish I could see my darling daughters! They are experiencing tough times too, with the food shortage problems and all. I hope the garden that they planted isgrowing. My thoughts drift to my wife now.4She is so dear to me that I can’t stop thinking about her.4 My job now is plane spotting. It is a civilian’s task, but there are no more civilians leftto do it. I must end this entry now because I am too tired to go on writing. All I ask is that I be alive5when this ends. Although I’m not so sure I’ll get my wish.NOVEMBER 29, 19431 I do not remember why I ever came here. Why does war have to be the way problemsare solved? War just creates more problems; something every sensible person knows.I guess that means people like Hitler aren’t sensible. Now my K-rations are runninglow. My joints are frozen stiff and my ammunition has been used up. Word has itthat the Axis powers are sending troops to our location within the month.6 Mysituation is grim and the odds of winning, or even surviving, seem unlikely. Moreblood has been shed and my body simply cannot take it.7 When I eat, sleep, and fightI have to stare at cold, lifeless soldiers that look like they were never alive. If I returnhome I vow to keep these soldiers’ memories alive by telling their families they died bravely in an effort to save their country from turmoil. While that might not provide much to help them cope with their loss, it will make the children feel like theirfathers made a difference.82 A few days ago my ragtag group of soldiers journeyed to a small European town thathad been untouched by warfare. Still, the townspeople took all of the proper war-time precautions. One night, as I performed my routine watch, I passed a young girl of no more than twelve or thirteen, who was walking home. I c ouldn’t help thinking about my two daughters when I saw her. I fell apart inside and broke into tears, wondering yet again if I would ever see my family.9 I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes! I am not a man made for war, nor am I an adventurous person. I do not even remember my reason for joining in this madness!I guess I thought it was something that had to be done. A saying I once heard strikesa painful note in my head, “Even one war is too many.”10 The person who said it hada valid point.11 Never have I been so enraged at my fellow man before.12 Humans doerr, but that is no excuse for ending innocent lives and destroying whole countries!13 No one has that right. How can we be so selfish and ignorant as to not care about each other! This thought makes me sicker than when I am staring at heaps of bodies strewn over the tattered soil.DECEMBER 24, 19431 I think we have a spy in our regiment because the nightmare has surfaced again. Our“secret” location is being invad ed by Nazi troops as I write this down. I have hidden myself in a small trench, my last hope for surviving. I wish, with all my soul, that I could be home now, in my own bed, waiting for Christmas morning to come. The children would be tucked in their beds, and my wife and I would be soundly asleep in our room. I am struggling to calm myself down, but my face is covered in dirt andsweat, and my head is pounding like mad.14 I am so close to death that I can actually feel its fiery breath engulfing me.15 To help keep me from panicking I am thinking of my daughters’ faces as they open their presents on Christmas Day. The faces are all aglow with delight. I will always remember their faces, wait —I hear footsteps coming in my direction. My rifle is useless since there are no shells in it. If this is my last entry then please, whoever finds this, return it to my family. Oh my God! I can see from my hiding spot that a Nazi soldier is inspecting the trench. It is only a matter of time before he finds me. I have one last question before I die. Why?Almost nine and a half years after the last diary entry was written a British infantryman found the small journal as he was clearing away wreckage at the doomed battle site. The name of the author is today a mystery and it was not mentioned in the diary. Only the initial R was found in the bottom left-hand corner of the first page. The man, who is dubbed “The Unknown Soldier ,” was never found although we assume he is dead at this time.一个无名士兵的日记1943年11月24日我离开美国，家人已经有6个月了。

大学英语第六册课文及翻译

大学英语第六册unit1AThe Pursuit of Happiness(The Pursuit of Happiness)The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, but no one seems quite sure which way happiness runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as "the state of being well-deceived", or of being "a fool among idiots ", for Swift saw society as a land of false goals.It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of false goals. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.And at the same time the forces of American business are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them — and to create them faster than anyone's budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying things.Look at any of the magazines that cater to women. There advertising begins as art and slogans in the front pages and ends as pills and therapy in the back pages. The art at the front illustrates the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. This, the perfumed breath she must breathe out. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. This is the cream that restores skin, these are the tablets that melt away fat around the thighs, and these are the pills of perpetual youth.Obviously no reasonable person can be completely persuaded either by such art or by such pills and devices. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy this dream and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what is it they are trying to buy?Defining the meaning of "happiness" is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme. To think of happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. He sits completely still, contemplating the nature of reality, free even of his own body. If admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves. Why be concerned? What is physical is trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.Is he a happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion. But who can take it from him? And who will dare say it is more false than happiness paid for through an installment plan?Although the holy man's concept of happiness may enjoy considerable prestige in the Orient, I doubt the existence of such motionless happiness. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost anyone of Western temperament. Yet these extremes will still serve to define the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau had his own firm sense of that balance: save on the petty in order to spend on the essential.Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the petty. The active discipline of raising one's perception of what is eternal in nature would have been his idea of the essential. Time saved on the petty could be spent on the essential. Thoreau certainly didn't intend to starve, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the essence of it: there is no happiness except as we take on challenges. Short of the impossible, the satisfactions we get from a lifetime depend on how high we place our difficulties. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it claims to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our diversions. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game; a game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary addition of difficulty. It is easier to win at chess if you are free to change the rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. If we could mint our own money, even building a fortune would become boring. No difficulty, no fun.Those in advertising seem too often to have lost their sense of the pleasure of difficulty. And the Indian holy man seems dull to us, I suppose, because he seems to be refusing to play anything at all. The Western weakness may be in the illusion that happiness can be bought. Perhaps the oriental weakness is in the idea that there is such a thing as perfect happiness.Happiness is never more than partial. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the writers of the Constitution declared for us as an inherent right was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness. What the early patriots might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the pursuit of what is engaging and life-changing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.(Words: 1,005)追求幸福美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但是似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。

大二上学期期末词汇及翻译

大学英语高级班第三学期期末词汇复习Unit 1 “We’ve been hit!”1.Suddenly rain lashed against the windows. 突然，大雨猛烈地抽打在窗户上。

The Cuban leader lashed out against the policy of the US President. 古巴领导人猛烈抨击美国总统的政策。

2.But observers scoff at such notions. 但是观察家对这种说法嗤之以鼻.3.Once again he conjured up the illusion. 他又唤起那种错觉.4.Life is only illusion. 浮生若梦.5.The speaker was an experienced man, composed and steady. 这位演讲者风度老练, 从容不迫.6.The customs figures show a steady decline in British trade. 关税数字表明英国的贸易一直在走下坡路.7.Oil spills devastate the natural environment, endanger public health, imperil drinking water and disrupt theeconomy. 石油泄漏破坏自然环境, 危害公众健康, 污染饮用水且扰乱经济.8.Souls are so purified in purgatory. 人的灵魂将在炼狱中得到净化.9.Stealing a car and then driving it drunk was the ultimate idiocy. 偷了车然后醉酒开车真是愚蠢到极点.10.Many people regard accumulation of riches as the ultimate value of life. 很多人认为积累财富是人生最高的价值.11.Don't put me into a dilemma. 不要使我左右为难.12.She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job. 她进退两难,不知该留在学校读书还是找份工作.13.I have been studying English off and on for ten years. 我断断续续学了十年英语.14.A single spark can start a prairie fire. 星星之火,可以燎原.15.You can't take the transfer students' exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书,你就不能参加转学考试.16.Against my premonitions, I was duty - bound to reassure my old friend from Singapore.尽管我有祥的预感, 但我有义务安抚我的新加坡老朋友.17.Many Americans are of English descen t. 许多美国人的祖籍是英国.18.The country's economy is on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘.19.One ant - hole may cause the collapse of a thousand - li dyke. 千里长堤,溃于蚁穴.20.If you work too hard, your health may collapse. 如果你工作太累的话, 你可能病倒.21.Fight to the last gasp. 奋战到底,不死不休.22.One cannot easily make a bargain at the last gasp. 人在快要死亡的时候,是很难讨价还价的.23.The colour in this material does not fade. 这布料不褪色.24.Their names will never fade from the memory of the world. 他们的名字永远不会从世人的记忆中消失.25.Beauty will fade, but not goodness. 美貌会凋谢, 但美德不会.Unit 3 My stroke of luck1. If the interests of two countries collide, there may be a war. 如果两个国家的利益相抵触, 那会引发一场战争.2. Psychiatrist: What makes you think you have an inferiority complex? 精神病医生: 是什么让你认为你有自卑情结?3. He had a flash of intuitio n. 他灵光一闪.4. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice , heart and intuition. 不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声.5. Fortune has rarely smiled on me. 幸运几乎与我无缘.6. His past experience qualified him to handle such a delicate matter. 他过去的经验使他有办法处理好这件微妙的事.7. Put the plates gently on the table, they are very delicate. 把碟子轻轻放在桌上, 这些碟子非常易碎.8. I could not erase from my mind the poignant thought. 我无法驱散萦绕在我心头的痛切之感.9. She let the news slip by mistake , in an unguarded moment. 她一不留神泄漏了消息.10. One single slip brings eternal regret , and looking back, your whole life has passed away. 一失足成千古恨, 再回头已过百年身.11. Better to slip with the foot than with the tongue. 宁可失脚滑倒,不可随口失言.12. That failure was a blow to my ego. 那项失败是对我自尊心的一个打击.13. I could do little to console her for the loss of her son. 对于她失去儿子的事我安慰不了她.14. The malignant tumor does not recur. 恶性肿瘤没有复发.15. I would authorize someone to do some work that is in my responsibility. 我会授权别人处理一些我职责内的工作.16. Her husband was the chief beneficiary of her will. 她丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人.17. The drug made her speak with a slur. 药物使她口齿不清.18. That which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember. 往日艰辛回味甜.19. Only if we handle them with kid gloves. 只要我们小心行事就行了.20. He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters. 他不让秘书处理机密文件.Unit 4 Cultural encounters1.We can't access the Internet.我们连不上网。

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier Teaching plan综合教程二

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier Teaching Objectives1)To help students to get to know soldiers’ experiences in WWII;2)To help students to get to know the Second World War;3)To help students to learn to analyze the text;4)To help students to learn the language in this text;5)To help students to develop oral English ability and communicativecompetence.Teaching Procedures6)Lead-in activities7)Cultural Backgrounds8)Text analysis9)Structural analysis10)Language study11)ExercisesLead-in Activities1. Lead-in Questions:1). Have you seen any war film?2). Can you describe the cruelties of war from the eyes of a soldier?3). Can you guess what question a soldier would as about war before he was killed? 2. Group discussion1) What can we benefit from a diary?2) What I would be like if I were in the WWII?Cultural information1. QuotesThe real and lasting victories are those of peace, and not of war.— Ralph Waldo Emerson2. World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945 which involved most of the world’s nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized. In a state of “total war”, the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant action against civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it was the deadliest conflict in human history, and it has been estimated that it resulted in fifty million to over seventy million fatalities.The war is generally accepted to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasionof Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. China and Japan were already at war by this date, whereas other countries that were not initially involved joined the war later in response to events such as the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese attacks on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor and on British overseas colonies, which triggered declarations of war on Japan by the United States, the British Commonwealth, and the Netherlands.The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. World War II left the political alignment and social structure of the world significantly changed. While the United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next forty-six years. Meanwhile, the acceptance of the principle of self-determination accelerated decolonization movements in Asia and Africa, while Western Europe began moving toward economic recovery and increased political integration.Text IThe Diary of the Unknown SoldierGlobal ReadingI. Text analysis1.What do the three entries of the diary have in common?The three entries have two thematic topics in common, one being the horrible scenes of the war that the writer witnessed, and the other being the writer’s strong love for, and emotional attachment to his family. These two themes recur in all three entries.2.What particular situation or context does each entry have? And how is this particularsituation related to the common thematic topics in these three entries?In the first entry, the writer describes how he felt and feared under German air raids. This led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems his family might be undergoing back in America.In the second entry, the writer describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition in a small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.The third entry was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death.The writer’s only wish was that someone could return the diary to his family.II. Structural analysisDiary writing is a unique type of writing in that it is not structured in a pre-planned way as are other types of writing. In a diary entry, the writer’s pen simply follows the flow of his thoughts. In other words, a piece of diary writing is usually “structured”by the author’s free associations between the present, the past, and the future, or between the reality and the imagination, or between the actual happenings and the author’s feelings.Detailed ReadingThe first entryParagraph 1Questions:Why did the unknown soldier’s heart ache?Because everywhere around him he saw piles of rubbles where houses used to stand and those who had once lived happily inside the houses now lost their lives, vigor and hope.Paragraph 2Questions:Why did the author say he was lucky at the end of the paragraph? (Paragraph 2)He was knocked into a trench in the air raid and thereby avoided being detected by the enemy plane circling overhead, so he thought he was a lucky survivor.Paragraphs 3-4:Questions:1. How did the author describe the aftermath of the explosion? (Paragraph 3)The author said in his diary “it was a sea of blood” after the explosions.2. What thought came into his mind even though he survived the bombing? What madehim give up the thought? (Paragraph 3)Thoughts of suicide entered his head, but the strong desire to go back home to see his darling daughters and beloved wife made him give up this idea, he decided that he must go on living this nightmare.The second entryParagraph 1Questions:Was the author in a critical situation when he wrote his second diary entry?Yes. His K-rations were running low. His joints were frozen stiff and his ammunition has been used up. However, there was news that the Axis powers were sending troops to his location in a month.Paragraph 2Questions:How did the sight of a young girl in the small European town stir the author’s feelings?The author passed a girl of no more than twelve or thirteen when he was performing his routine watch. He couldn’t help thinking about his two daughters. He felt heart-broken and broke into tears, wondering if he would return home and see his family. He would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes.The third entryParagraph 1Questions:What was the author’s earnest wish when he was faced with his approaching death?He wished, with all his heart and soul, that he could be home, getting together with his wife and children, waiting for Christmas morning to come, enjoying the peace at home and the happiness of reunion.Text IILife Goes OnIn remembrance of a soldier, who died in action at YpresJoana CruddasLead-in Questions1. Have you ever visited any places in memorial of soldiers or citizens who died in war?2. What impressed you most while being there? How do you feel about the place?Main ideasThe author impressed the reader with the cruelty of war mainly being specific about the great numbers of the soldiers and animals lost in the war. From these figures the reader can easily imagine how many civilians were killed.The idea “Life Goes on” is mainly expressed in the first and the last paragraphs. In the first paragraph the author describes the tall and defiant towers of St. Martin’s Cathedral and the Cloth Hall and tell us that “the Flemish city has been invaded nineteen times” in her history, which suggests that the evil will never be able to conquer the good. In the last paragraph, the author mentions, “this daily moment of solemnity passes quickly. Ypres is preparing for the annual Festival of the Cats”, which tells us that life is sweet and that, whatever happens, sweet life goes on.Notes1. … stand tall and defiant above Ypres, Belgium. (Paragraph 1): Ypres is a town of West Flanders, Belgium, the scene of some of the bitterest fighting of the First World War. Flanders is a region in the southwestern part of the Low Countries (the region of northwestern Europe, comprising the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg), now divided between Belgium, France and the Netherlands. It was the scene of prolonged fighting during the First World War. Here the word “defiant,”which means “challenging boldly,” points to the heroic spirit of the people of the small town which had been invaded so many times.2. if anything (Paragraph 5): a phrase you use to introduce something that strengthens or changesthe meaning of what you have just saide.g.It certainly wasn’t an improvement. We were, if anything, worse off than before.She didn’t seem upset about losing her job. If anything, she seemed very happy.3. Commonwealth(Paragraph 6): a free association of Britain and certain sovereign independentstates, formerly the colonies of the British Empire and their dependencies4. sets the scene (Paragraph 7): prepares the way or creates the conditions in which an event islikely to happene.g. The unjust agreement set the scene for another war.The scene is set for a tragedy.5. We already are. (Paragraph 8): We are already imagining what it was like.6. He died that we might live … (Paragraph 12): He died so that we might live …7.Führer (Paragraph 16): a German word which means “leader.”Here it refers to Adolf Hitler after he came to power. It is normally translated as “元首” .8. My knowledge of history is put to shame. (Paragraph 16): I feel ashamed of my poor knowledge of history.9. Downing Street(Paragraph 17): the street in Westminster in London, where the prime ministerand the Chancellor of the Exchequer have their official residences10. Buckingham Palace (Paragraph 19): the official residence in London of the British sovereign11. Lord Kitchener(Paragraph 19): (1850–1956) British field marshal. As warminister from 1914 to 1916, he mobilized the British Army in World War I.12. John McCrae (Paragraph 20): (1872–1918) a World War I poet. He is rememberedfor what is probably the single best-known and popular poem “In Flanders Fields”published in 1919.Questions for discussion1. The article is a brief account of the author’s visit to Ypres, which is chronologically organized. She was taken to a number of places by the local tourist guide. Now try to pick out the spots she visited, and then tell what historic significance each of them has.2. How does the passage impress the reader with the cruelty of war?3. How do you think the author felt when she was taken to the German cemetery?4. In what way is the title “Life Goes On” illustrated by the author?Key to questions for discussion1. First spot: Reservoir Cemetery, where the author’s uncle Peter Cruddas and hundreds of other soldiers were buried.Second spot: the Menin Gate. The names of 55,000 missing soldiers are engraved on its walls.Third spot: the Hooge Crater Museum.Fourth spot: Bethlehem Farm. The smallest cemetery, holding 44 graves.Fifth spot: Tyne Cot. The largest British cemetery.Sixth spot: a Belgian cemetery.Seventh spot: the Langemark Cemetery, a German cemetery.Last spot: the Pool of Peace, a large crater created by an explosion.2. The author impresses the reader with the cruelty of war mainly by being specific about the greatnumbers of the soldiers and animals lost in the war —about 250,000 dead bodiesburied in just one of the 75 cemeteries (Paragraph 6), 55,000 soldiers were missing and half a million horses and mules were lost (Paragraph 7). From these figures the reader can easily imagine how many people were killed.3. How she felt at that moment is not explicitly described in the article, but most probably she hadmixed feelings at that moment, a mixture of hatred and sympathy. She hated the Germans for the destruction they brought to the world, but she might also sympathize with the German soldiers, who were also victims of the war.4. This idea is mainly expressed in the first and the last paragraph. In the first paragraphthe author describes the “tall and defiant”towers of St. Martin’s Cathedral and the Cloth Hall and tells usthat “the Flemish city has been invaded nineteen times” in her history, which suggests that the evil can never conquer the good, and the unjust never the just. In the last paragraph, the author mentions “this daily moment of solemnity passes quickly. Ypres is preparing for the annual Festival of the Cats”, which tells us that life is sweet and that, whatever happens, sweet life goes on.Memorable QuotesWhat are the harmful effects of war? Read the following quotes and find the answer.Guidance: Terrorism, nuclear weapons, wars between or within nations still threat world security. President Obama mentioned in his speech for winning 2009 Nobel Peace Prize that “… the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace. And yet this truth must coexist with another —that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy”, which indicates that we are still far from a world without war, and we still need to strive for the war.1. There never was a good war, or a bad peace.— Benjamin FranklinParaphrase: The war is always bad, and the peace is forever good.2. War is the greatest plague that can afflict humanity;it destroys religion, it destroys states, it destroysfamilies. Any scourge is preferable to it.— Martin LutherParaphrase: War is the greatest disaster that can bring harm and suffering to humanity; it destroys religion, it destroys countries, it destroys families. No other disaster would cause as much damage as the war does.。

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier Teaching plan综合教程二

Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierTeaching Objectives1)To help students to get to know soldiers’ experiences in WWII;2)To help students to get to know the Second World War;3)To help students to learn to analyze the text;4)To help students to learn the language in this text;5)To help students to develop oral English ability and communicativecompetence.Teaching Procedures6)Lead-in activities7)Cultural Backgrounds8)Text analysis9)Structural analysis10)Language study11)ExercisesLead-in Activities1. Lead-in Questions:1). Have you seen any war film2). Can you describe the cruelties of war from the eyes of a soldier3). Can you guess what question a soldier would as about war before he was killed 2. Group discussion1) What can we benefit from a diary2) What I would be like if I were in the WWIICultural information1. QuotesThe real and lasting victories are those of peace, and not of war.— Ralph Waldo Emerson2. World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945 which involved most of the world’s nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized. In a state of “total war”, the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant action against civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it was the deadliest conflict in human history, and it has been estimated that it resulted in fifty million to over seventy million fatalities.The war is generally accepted to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. China and Japan were already at war by this date, whereas other countries that were not initially involved joined the war later in response to events such as the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese attacks on the . Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor and on British overseas colonies, which triggered declarations of war on Japan by the United States, the British Commonwealth, and the Netherlands.The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. World War II left the political alignment and social structure of the world significantly changed. While the United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts, the Soviet Union and theUnited States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next forty-six years. Meanwhile, the acceptance of the principle of self-determination accelerated decolonization movements in Asia and Africa, while Western Europe began moving toward economic recovery and increased political integration.Text IThe Diary of the Unknown SoldierGlobal ReadingI. Text analysis1.What do the three entries of the diary have in commonThe three entries have two thematic topics in common, one being the horrible scenes of the war that the writer witnessed, and the other being the writer’s strong love for, and emotional attachment to his family. These two themes recur in all three entries.2.What particular situation or context does each entry have And how is thisparticular situation related to the common thematic topics in these three entries In the first entry, the writer describes how he felt and feared under German air raids. This led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems his family might be undergoing back in America.In the second entry, the writer describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition ina small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.The third entry was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death.The writer’s only wish was that someone could return the diary to his family. II. Structural analysisDiary writing is a unique type of writing in that it is not structured ina pre-planned way as are other types of writing. In a diary entry, the writer’spen simply follows the flow of his thoughts. In other words, a piece of diary writing is usually “structured”by the author’s free associations between the present, the past, and the future, or between the reality and the imagination, or between the actual happenings and the author’s feelings.Detailed ReadingThe first entryParagraph 1Questions:Why did the unknown soldier’s heart acheBecause everywhere around him he saw piles of rubbles where houses used to stand andthose who had once lived happily inside the houses now lost their lives, vigor and hope.Paragraph 2Questions:Why did the author say he was lucky at the end of the paragraph (Paragraph 2)He was knocked into a trench in the air raid and thereby avoided being detected by the enemy plane circling overhead, so he thought he was a lucky survivor.Paragraphs 3-4:Questions:1. How did the author describe the aftermath of the explosion (Paragraph 3)The author said in his diary “it was a sea of blood” after the explosions. 2. What thought came into his mind even though he survived the bombing What madehim give up the thought (Paragraph 3)Thoughts of suicide entered his head, but the strong desire to go back home to see his darling daughters and beloved wife made him give up this idea, he decided that he must go on living this nightmare.The second entryParagraph 1Questions:Was the author in a critical situation when he wrote his second diary entry Yes. His K-rations were running low. His joints were frozen stiff and his ammunition has been used up. However, there was news that the Axis powers were sending troops to his location in a month.Paragraph 2Questions:How did the sight of a young girl in the small European town stir the author’s feelingsThe author passed a girl of no more than twelve or thirteen when he was performing his routine watch. He couldn’t help thinking about his two daughters. He felt heart-broken and broke into tears, wondering if he would return home and see his family. He would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes.The third entryParagraph 1Questions:What was the author’s earnest wish when he was faced with his approaching death He wished, with all his heart and soul, that he could be home, getting togetherwith his wife and children, waiting for Christmas morning to come, enjoying the peace at home and the happiness of reunion.Text IILife Goes OnIn remembrance of a soldier, who died in action at YpresJoana CruddasLead-in Questions1. Have you ever visited any places in memorial of soldiers or citizens who diedin war2. What impressed you most while being there How do you feel about the placeMain ideasThe author impressed the reader with the cruelty of war mainly being specific about the great numbers of the soldiers and animals lost in the war. From these figures the reader can easily imagine how many civilians were killed.The idea “Life Goes on” is mainly expressed in the first and the last paragraphs. In the first paragraph the author describes the tall and defiant towers of St. Martin’s Cathedral and the Cloth Hall and tell us that “the Flemish city has been invaded nineteen times” in her history, which suggests that the evil will never be able to conquer the good. In the last paragraph, the author mentions, “this daily moment of solemnity passes quickly. Ypres is preparing for the annual Festival of the Cats”, which tells us that life is sweet and that, whatever happens, sweet life goes on.Notes1. … stand tall and defiant above Ypres, Belgium. (Paragraph 1): Ypres is a townof West Flanders, Belgium, the scene of some of the bitterest fighting of the First World War. Flanders is a region in the southwestern part of the Low Countries (the region of northwestern Europe, comprising the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg), now divided between Belgium, France and the Netherlands. It was the scene of prolonged fighting during the First World War. Here the word “defiant,”which means “challenging boldly,”points to the heroic spirit of the people of the small town which had been invaded so many times.2.if anything(Paragraph 5): a phrase you use to introduce something that strengthens or changesthe meaning of what you have just said.It certainly wasn’t an improvement. We were, if anything, worse off than before.She didn’t seem upset about losing her job. If anything, she seemed very happy.3. Commonwealth(Paragraph 6): a free association of Britain and certain sovereign independentstates, formerly the colonies of the British Empire and their dependencies4.sets the scene(Paragraph 7): prepares the way or creates the conditions in which an event islikely to happen. The unjust agreement set the scene for another war.The scene is set for a tragedy.5. We already are. (Paragraph 8): We are already imagining what it was like.6. He died that we might live … (Paragraph 12): He died so that we might live …7.Führer (Paragraph 16): a German word which means “leader.” Here it refers to Adolf Hitler after he came to power. It is normally translated as “元首” . 8. My knowledge of history is put to shame. (Paragraph 16): I feel ashamed of mypoor knowledge of history.9. Downing Street (Paragraph 17): the street in Westminster in London, where the prime ministerand the Chancellor of the Exchequer have their official residences10. Buckingham Palace (Paragraph 19): the official residence in London of the British sovereign11. Lord Kitchener (Paragraph 19): (1850–1956) British field marshal. As warminister from 1914 to 1916, he mobilized the British Army in World War I. 12. John McCrae (Paragraph 20): (1872–1918) a World War I poet. He is rememberedfor what is probably the single best-known and popular poem “In Flanders Fields”published in 1919.Questions for discussion1. The article is a brief account of the author’s visit to Ypres, which is chronologically organized. She was taken to a number of places by the local tourist guide. Now try to pick out the spots she visited, and then tell what historic significance each of them has.2. How does the passage impress the reader with the cruelty of war3. How do you think the author felt when she was taken to the German cemetery4. In what way is the title “Life Goes On” illustrated by the authorKey to questions for discussion1. First spot: Reservoir Cemetery, where the author’s uncle Peter Cruddas and hundreds of other soldiers were buried.Second spot: the Menin Gate. The names of 55,000 missing soldiers are engraved on its walls.Third spot: the Hooge Crater Museum.Fourth spot: Bethlehem Farm. The smallest cemetery, holding 44 graves.Fifth spot: Tyne Cot. The largest British cemetery.Sixth spot: a Belgian cemetery.Seventh spot: the Langemark Cemetery, a German cemetery.Last spot: the Pool of Peace, a large crater created by an explosion.2. The author impresses the reader with the cruelty of war mainly by being specific about the greatnumbers of the soldiers and animals lost in the war — about 250,000 dead bodies buried in just one of the 75 cemeteries (Paragraph 6), 55,000 soldiers were missing and half a million horses and mules were lost (Paragraph 7). From these figures the reader can easily imagine how many people were killed.3. How she felt at that moment is not explicitly described in the article, but most probably she hadmixed feelings at that moment, a mixture of hatred and sympathy. She hated the Germans for the destruction they brought to the world, but she might also sympathize with the German soldiers, who were also victims of the war.4. This idea is mainly expressed in the first and the last paragraph. In the firstparagraph the author describes the “tall and defiant”towers of St. Martin’s Cathedral and the Cloth Hall and tells usthat “the Flemish city has been invaded nineteen times”in her history, which suggests that the evil can never conquer the good, and the unjust never the just.In the last paragraph, the author mentions “this daily moment of solemnity passes quickly. Ypres is preparing for the annual Festival of the Cats”, which tells us that life is sweet and that, whatever happens, sweet life goes on. Memorable QuotesWhat are the harmful effects of war Read the following quotes and find the answer.Guidance: Terrorism, nuclear weapons, wars between or within nations still threat world security. President Obama mentioned in his speech for winning 2009 Nobel Peace Prize that “…the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace. And yet this truth must coexist with another — that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy”, which indicates that we are still far from a world without war, and we still need to strive for the war.1. There never was a good war, or a bad peace.— Benjamin FranklinParaphrase: The war is always bad, and the peace is forever good.2. War is the greatest plague that can afflict humanity;it destroys religion, it destroys states, it destroysfamilies. Any scourge is preferable to it.— Martin LutherParaphrase: War is the greatest disaster that can bring harm and suffering to humanity; it destroys religion, it destroys countries, it destroys families. No other disaster would cause as much damage as the war does.。

Unit-6-The-Diary-of-the-Unknown-Soldier答案综合教程二

Unit-6-The-Diary-of-the-Unk nown-Soldier答案综合教程二Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI.B.II.1. T;2. F;3. F;4. T;5. F.III.1. Because he felt that all of them had been somewhat fooled. They were totally unprepared for the cruelty of the war and the immensity of its killing power. “They all came here with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win,” but what awaited them was “a one-way ticket to death.”2. He wrote his first entry when his regiment was in London to protect the city from Nazi’s air raids; his secondone when his group of soldiers had journeyed to a small European town untouched by warfare; and the last one when their secret location was discovered by Nazi troops and he faced approaching death.3. It was his wish to come home alive to see his family. This is mentioned in all the three entries: “I must go on living this nightmare, if not for myself or my country, then for my family back home.I want my children to have a father.” “… wondering yet again if I would ever see my family. I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes!” “I wish, with all my soul, that I could be home now… I am thinking of my daughters’ faces… I will always remember their faces…”4. He would tell them that those soldiers died bravely in an effort to save their countries from turmoil and make thechildren feel that their fathers made a difference.5. He felt disgusted at the cruelty of the war, questioned the judgment of human beings who started the war and felt enraged at killing innocent lives and destroying whole countries.IV.1. Although my stories about their fathers’ death might not relieve their sadness, they will enable the children to see the extraordinary significance of their fath ers’ contribution.2. I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “We can’t afford to fight even one war.”Structural analysis of the textDiary writing follows the flow of the writer’s thoughts. It is usually “structured” by the author’s freeassociations.1. What do the three entries of the diary have in common?Two thematic topics in common, the horrible scenes of the war and the writer’s strong love for, and emotional attachment to his family.2. How are the particular situations related to the common thematic topics? Firstly, the writer describes his thought and fear under German air raids, which led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems of his family. Secondly, the writer describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition in a small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.Thirdly, it was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death. The writer’s only wish was that someonecould return the diary to his family.VocabularyI. Phrase1. no more than = only 只是，仅仅2. strike a painful note in my head = make me feel painful 使某人感到痛苦3. more blood has been shed = Further casualties have been caused4. word has it that … = it is said that … 据说……5. with an air of = appearing full of, radiating 带着……的样子，带着……的神情II.1. running;2. tucked;3. inspected;4. taken precautions;5. with an air of;6. adventurous;7. enraged;8. panicked.III. Word derivation.Fill in the blanks with the appropriateforms of the given words.1. stiffened2. errors3. invasion4. assumption5. innocence6. assignment7. explosion8. descriptionIV.1. B;2. D;3. C;4. D;5. C;6. B;7. C;8. A.V. Synonym / Antonym.Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: heaps, stacks2. Antonym: love, kindness3. Synonym: small, lesser4. Antonym: surplus, abundance, plenty5. Synonym: reasonable, rational6. Synonym: terrible, desperate7. Synonym: bold, brave8. Synonym: regular, usualVI. Prefix/ suffix.Write in each space the meaning of each given word.1. offset balance2. outdo defeat3. overtake catch up and pass4. underline emphasize5. uphold support6. withstand bear7. downplay lessen8. forestall preventGrammar ExercisesI.How big / Who / What / How often / Why / What.II.1. What did you do on Friday?2. What time did you get up?3. Did you have breakfast?4. Who’s Mary?5. Where did you first meet her?6. What does she do?7. Where does she live?8. What’s she like?9. Do you often see her?10. Why did she come to you on Friday morning?III.1. she has gone2. when she will be back3. if she went out aloneIV.1. a. It signals that rain is expected by the speaker.b. It suggests that the speaker does not expect it to rain.2. a. It is more emphatic.b. It is more formal. The speaker is probably losing patience with thelistener.3. a. It is used to express doubt or uncertainty.b. It is used to seek confirmation from the listener and the speaker expects agreement.4. a. The speaker expects that the listener has carried out the action.b. The speaker may be displeased or annoyed that the action was performed.5. a is more polite than b.6. a is quite friendly while b conveys a bit irritation.7. a. With a rising tone, the tag question is used to verify or check information that we think is true or to check info4rmation that we aren’t sure is true.b. When we are trying to be sarcastic, or to make a strong point, we use the tag question with a falling tone.8. a. The non-polarized tag question is used for special effect, such as sarcasm,disbelief, shock, anger, concern, etc.b. The polarized tag question is used to verify or check information.V.… they had … their… their…. He had … were… were …were …diminished, … was … existed … might be …. They felt … were … offered ….Translation exercisesI.1. 我所到之处满目疮痍，楼房夷为瓦砾，活人成了死尸，生命的欢乐已然封存在一具具尸体之内，这一切时时刻刻都在刺痛着我的心。