unit 5译文--名人崇拜的新时代
人教版英语选修1课文翻译(Unit5)
CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING
化学耕作和有机耕作
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit5课文及翻译
U5 ACliff Young, an unlikely hero克里夫•杨，令人意想不到的英雄Considered one of the toughest marathon events in the world, the 875-kilometer annual Australian race, a route from Sydney to Melbourne, is a harsh test of endurance for the world’s top athletes, regardless of their age. The young, super-fit runners train for months before a competition and are under contract to prominent sponsors like Nike and Adidas, who finance them and furnish them with a substantial support mechanism of money and equipment. The contest takes up to seven days to complete and is a challenging test of fitness and strength even for world-class athletes who compete for distinction and a cash prize.澳大利亚一年一度的悉尼至墨尔本的马拉松比赛全长875 公里，被认为是世界上最艰难的马拉松赛事之一，对任何年龄段的世界顶尖运动员来说都是一项严酷的耐力考验。
体能超好的年轻选手在赛前要进行数月的训练，而且还和像耐克和阿迪达斯这样著名的赞助商签约，这些赞助商通过强大的资金和装备支持机制为选手提供资助和装备。
泛读3Unit5翻译
It's Tough at the TopMount Everest has long been a greatattraction to millions of people throughout the world. Many people have risked and lost their lives in the course of expedition. Modern explorers, however, are becoming more fascinated by the ultimate fate of earlier doomed explorers."Because it's there," George Mallory reportedly replied when asked why he wanted to climb Mount Everest. The only man to take part in all three of the British pioneering expeditions in the 1920s, Mallory was driven by a fascination to reach the summit of the mountain with which he had formed a strong personal bond with. "It's an hell-like mountain, cold and treacherous," he once wrote in a letter home from Everest Base Camp. "The risks of getting caught are too great; the margin of strength when men are at great heights is too small. Perhaps it is mere folly to go up again. But how can I be out of the hunt?" In 1920 when Francis Younghusband, the President of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), first put forward the idea of supporting an expedition to Everest, the mountain was still a mystery. At 8 848 meters Everest was almost 1 500 meters higher than anyone had previously climbed. There was even doubt as to whether it was possible to breathe at such altitude. At the time no one had been within 65 kilometers of the mountain, which could only be approached through the unknown kingdoms of Nepal or China's Tibet. With the North and South Poles already discovered, Younghusband had his sights set on the "third pole", setting up the joint RGS/Alpine Club, Mount Everest Committee. "Theaccomplishment of such a feat will elevate thehuman spirit and will give man, especially usgeographers, a feeling that we are acquiring atrue mastery of our surroundings. This is theincalculable good which the ascent of MountEverest will confer," he said.High Hopes George Mallory and Andrew Irvine had set 课文一 艰难登顶珠穆朗玛峰对于全世界数百万人来说， 长期以来有着巨大的吸引力。
外研版高中英语必修3 Module5 课文译文
Module5 课文译文Philosophers of Ancient China中国古代的哲学家Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius (551BC-479BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.译文：古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
高一英语必修一Unit5课文翻译
高一英语必修一Unit 5课文翻译Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern heroReadingAELIAS’ STORY伊莱亚斯的故事My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。
我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。
The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。
He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。
He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。
I needed his help because I had very little education.由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。
I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。
I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。
Unit 5 A Few Kind Word for Superstition课文翻译
Unit 5 A Few Kind Word for Superstition引言中文译文本文“为迷信辩解一二”最初发表在1978年11月20日的《新闻周刊》上。
为了分析迷信这个复杂的话题，戴维斯将其作了分类，然后详细探讨了为何有人会相信法术和机缘。
尽管人们对他划分的四类迷信现象并不陌生，但是很少有人花费心思进行界定。
戴维斯理性地分析了许多人认为是个非理性的话题，对人性提出了一些非常有趣的看法。
1. 在我们当代有关“非理性复兴”的严肃讨论中，迷信并未对理性和科学形成严重挑战。
超心理学、不明飞行物、神奇治疗、超脱禅定法以及所有瞬间彻悟方式都遭人谴责，但是人们对迷信却只有一声哀叹。
难道这是因为我们当中许多人依然受制于它吗？虽然我们不公开承认。
2. 很少有人承认自己迷信，因为那意味着幼稚或愚昧。
但我生活在一个很大的大学里，发现在那些无疑是头脑理性、满腹经纶的学者中间，迷信仍以四种方式大行其道，香火旺盛。
3. 你不知道迷信有四种存在的方式吗？神学家使我们确信它们确实存在。
他们称第一种方式为镇邪压魔，如切忌在梯子下面行走等。
我看到一位知识渊博的人类学教授不小心弄撒了盐后，撮了点盐撒向自己的左肩膀后方。
当我问起他缘故时，他眼睛一眨，回答说那是“用来击中恶魔的眼睛。
”我没有继续问他有关恶魔的迷信，但我留意到在我问他之前，他脸上没有笑容。
4. 第二种是占卜，即求神问卦。
我认识的另一位渊博的教授对抛硬币解决问题（这是对命运之神谦卑的请求方式）嗤之以鼻，但有一回他却认真地告诉我，他通过拜读《易经》解决了一件本校的事务。
为什么不呢？这块大陆上有成千上万的人求助于《易经》，而他们普遍的知识水平很高，似乎不至于盲从迷信。
几乎如此，但并非完全如此。
令理性主义者难堪的,《易经》往往会给出绝佳的忠告。
5. 第三种是盲目崇拜，大学里面这种情况司空见惯，举不胜举。
你如果在大教室里当过监考，就会知道在课桌上放护符、幸运币等其他祈运物件的考生有多少。
人教版高一英语必修二Unit5课文翻译
人教版高一英语必修二Unit 5课文翻译Unit 5 MusicReadingTHE BAND THAT WASN’T并非乐队的乐队Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician?你曾经想过要成为一个乐队里有名的歌手或音乐家吗? Have you everdreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at whicheveryone is clapping and appreciating your music? 你是否曾梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众欣赏你的歌唱为你鼓掌吗?Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like SongZuying or Lin Huan? 你唱卡拉OK时是否假装自己就是宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌星吗? To be honest, a lot of people attach greatimportance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。
But just how do people form a band? 那么，人们又是怎样一起组成乐队的呢?Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to writeand play their own music. 许多音乐家聚在一起组成乐队，是因为他们喜欢自己作曲，演奏自己的音乐。
They may start as a group ofhigh-school students, for whom practicing their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame. 他们开始可能是一组中学生，在某个人家里排练音乐是成名的第一步。
Unit 5研究生英语课文翻译
Unit 5 Text1Lincoln in History1．The annals of the past contain few accounts of truly good men. Historians are more used to analyzing a mixture of ingredients, good and bad intentions, success and failure, high endeavors threatened by flaws in execution, and to balance out the sums ending with a careful plus or minus.过去的那些历史，对伟人的描述不多。
历史学家习惯于综合的来分析一个人，动机的好与坏，成功或失败，他很努力了，但是在执行的过程中也会有些小错误，他通过略加酌减来综合平衡，最终得出结论。
2．Lincoln is rare in providing much for history to ponder and reflect on but little to dispute with except in the shortcomings in the execution of his policies. He is the rarer for his absolute success through four years of bitter politics and bloody warfare.He sought power, without pretending otherwise, and exercised it to the full. But he is singular, perhaps unique in history, in that he was never corrupted by power. His ambition was tied not to personal gain but to a pair of succeeding and complementary principles; to restore a nation dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and to ensure that a union so recovered was purged of the great contradiction which had lain at the heart of its constitution.林肯提供给历史来思考的地方不多，除了在他执政过程中的一些缺憾，没有让人争论的东西。
高中英语必修五课文与其翻译
必修5Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingJOHH SHOW DEFEATS“ KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.Using LanguageCOPERNICUS' REVOLUTION RRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.Using LanguageSIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall: liqiang299A@ 15/11/3008 (Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “ Time lag ” . This is similar to the “ jet lag ” you get from flyieneg,pbguettittinsgeeflamsshyboauckks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangUsing LanguageI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly inspace to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, andeverything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmentaldamage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth. My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the newsReadingMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the articleyourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' reinterested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able toassess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research toinform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied takingmoney but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed tobribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was nottelling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballercould have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were provedright.ZY:Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.Using LanguageGETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yanganswered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. “ This will look very good on the page, ” she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight. ” “ I ' ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set.All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums. Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan,stove or iron for a mordent.◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns◎ dry, red and mildly swollen◎ mildly painful◎ turn white when pressedSecond degree burns◎ rough, red and swollen◎ blisters◎ watery surface◎ extremely painfulThird degree burns◎ black and white and charred◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment 1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water forabout 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degreeburns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Using LanguageHEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AW ARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.Translation ofttw reading texts课文译文第一单元伟大的科学家READING的输•斯诺击欢•專礼王-约翰斯诺址伦敦付斤名的医4——他的确快术怖M•因向成为照料燈#利亚女*的私人决生•但 r他w«n i> \ IKALW ftifinn.时.他秋憋到很按荷•科机任時时她帰纹侖的咲辆.人们既《WC的机!•也價亡的治疗力滋・帀次■发WAlnj. 林 Mftm的“诃：編死.约輪斯诺想闵对这个桃乩■决这个剛他知ML mi阑澹2他・「.址情址无法悴制的・听诺忤肌致人死堆的曲种推测晶很膿兴趣.一种行法圧循乱嘀梅住空"（屮繁殖忆偸一股危险的久体到处次沢"列找何病恋的哽寓忙为止.第一种（iffMi吃饭的时候人们把这种敬帘引人体内的.蔽从IV也发作iWiBiE欣及金专•处打血介很快地*EA.•HSttMm 种说法黑正确的・0 H他flfBfiEW.因此.隹］«4年IfettMAMSM的时俟• hlfl 忻诺『匸怡备对此连行调研.当用乩4贫民区迅速卷延的时趴约翰斯诺沈开冶收処衣札也发规特别企两条街也MR乱廉杼得很严币.在10天Z内就死去了500#人•他决心要竇崛其原闪.n先.他在・覧地用I休明厂"比/ 的地方.这枫供了«9豪有价值的线诡iT步死甘見住在霓畅的水*用近«恃別堆这茨街上血37. 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研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译
Unit FiveThe term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which mean s yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joining the individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, or CosmicConsciousness. Physical and mental exercises ar e designed to help achieve this goal, also called self-tran scendence or enlightenment. On the physical level yoga postures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen, and align me body. These postures are performed to ma ke the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood fl ow to all the organs, glands, and tissues, keeping all the bodily systems healthy. On the mental level, yoga uses b reathing techniques (pranayama) and meditation (dydna )to quiet, clarify, and discipline the mind. However, exp erts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion, but away of living with health and peace of mind as its aim s. “瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是“结合”或“联合”传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，万物之灵或无穷的意识联合在一起的方法。
Unit5课文翻译
Unit5课文翻译课文AWill you be a worker or a laborer?你想做工作者还是劳役者？1.一个人要想真正快乐，必须觉得自己既自由又重要。
如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作，或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视，那他绝不会快乐。
在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里，工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水，已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶——“薪奴”。
2.如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响，但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作，那么他们就被认为是劳役者。
劳役的对立面是玩乐。
当我们玩游戏时，我们很享受正在做的事情，但这仅仅是个人娱乐。
社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。
3.处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。
如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合，他们就被称为工作者。
社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。
一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身，而是承担这份活的个人感受。
比如，二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。
温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者，而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者！4.人们对自己工作的态度决定了一切。
对工作者而言，闲暇只是为了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的时间。
因此，工作者更倾向于投入更多的时间工作，而花在休闲上的时间并非很多，而是很少。
而对劳役者而言，休闲意味着从被迫状态中得到自主。
因此，他们自然会想，花在劳作上的时间越少，自在玩乐的时间越多，则越好。
5.除了花在闲暇上的时间不同，工作者和劳役者的区别还在于他们从工作中获得的个人满足感不同。
工作者喜欢自己的工作，感觉更快乐，更轻松，通常对自己的生活更满意。
他们工作起来也会更勤奋，更精细，因为他们对自己的工作已经产生了一种自豪感。
相反，由于劳役者的唯一动力是挣生活费，他们觉得每天花在苦差上的时间是一种浪费，不会让自己快乐。
高英(现代大学英语)精读5paraphrase原文+译文
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).6.The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.3.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted forI was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.1.Yet globalization… Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”3.Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work. Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoya comfortable life with all modern facilities.5.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.7.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer. Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.2.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without findinga phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.6. Even when the path is nominally open-when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.7.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts, you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.1.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3.Abouteighty-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others of our country in everything pertaining to the common good, and in everything social, separate like the fingers of the hand.About85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4.In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington.Inthose days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5.Iwanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor, orgo to her and cover her from my eyes of the others with my body; to feel the soft thighs, to caress her and destroy her, to love her and murder her.Onthe one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom. On t he other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men.I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractive girl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6.Should I try to win against the voice out there Would not this go against my speech , and was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistanceIfI should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of t hat white man, who shouted “I got my money on the big boy. " In that case I would not behave with humility, andyet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Makefull use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making frien ds in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8.“Youweren't being smart, were you, boy" "We mean to do right by you, but you've got to know your place at all times.”Youwere not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.1. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent his way of showing his talent at seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over especially well at a conferenc e devotes to poetry.Sincethose attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3.Pittedagainst these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference were two others thatfinally carried the day.Thesewere two reasons for my going to the conference ser against the reasons for my not goi ng and they became decisive in my final decision.4.Heis, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.Accordingto my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5.Auden’sDirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of fun about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6.Spender’sjournal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it does not say.Spender’srecord of this visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he doesn’t say.7.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure with no contextual relevance to Spender’s own life.In his book Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.8.The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.9.One probably should not read too much into appearance.Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but was still under their shadow, especially that of Auden…He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these frie nds, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.Thelandscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2.Butwarfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting advance of the . Cavalry.TheKiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of hab it, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving andthriving. And they could not understand why the . Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3.Mygrandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years. Luckilymy grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding a nimals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.5.Theyacquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.Nowthey got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.6.Fromone point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7.TheKiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent andblind in the wilderness.Theirstature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.8.Clustersof trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away andwonder to build upon the mind. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.Theywould not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10.Iwas never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely cu stom and company.Iwas not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any c ustomary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.Inthis way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)12.The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
八上英语unit5课文原文
八上英语unit5课文原文uint5 section A 2dA: What did you do in class today ,Sarah?B: We had a discussion about TV shows. My classmates like game shows and sports shows.A: Oh, I can't stand them. I love soap operas. I like to follow the story and see what happens next.B: Well, I don't mind soap operas. But my favorite TV shows are the news and talk shows.A: They are boring!B: Well, they may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them. I hope to be a TV reporter one day.unit5 section B 2bWhen people say "culture", we think of art and history. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon. We all know and love the black mouse with two large round the ears-Mickey Mouse. Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steam boat Willie. When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon with sound and music. The man behind the meeting was Walt Disney. He became very rich and successful. In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular.One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as losing his house or girlfriend Minne. However, he was always ready to try his best. People went to the cinema to see the "little man" win.Most of them wanted to be like Mickey.On November 18, 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Today's cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse, but everyone still knows and loves him. Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey's?。
新人教版必修一unit5 reading and thinking 课文中英对照
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE).Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.汉语书写体系：连接古今尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古老文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。
研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5
The End Is Not at HandThe environmental rhetoric overblown.The planet will surviveRobert J. SamuelsonWhoever coined the phrase "save the planet" is a public relation genius. It conveys the sense of impending catastrophe and high purpose that has wrapped environmentalism in an aura of moral urgency.It also typifies environmentalism's rhetorical excesses, which, in any other context, would be seen as wild exaggeration or simple dishonesty.无论是谁杜撰了"拯救地球〞这一说法,他都是一位公共关系方面的天才.这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识,也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标.同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实,这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗.Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hype and ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped will end life as we know it.就某种程度而言,我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情.我们已明智地抑制了增长中所出现的一些有害的副作用,但是环境保护论却越来越像一场沉缅于狂热的宣传与对历史一无所知的圣战.每一由环境问题引发的不幸都被描绘成一场势不可挡的灾难.这场灾难如不加以制止,正像我们所知晓的那样,就会摧毁生命.Take the latest scare: the greenhouse effect. We' re presented with the horrifying specter of a world that incinerates itself.Act now, or sizzle later. Food supplies will wither. Glaciers will melt. Coastal areas will flood. In fact, the probable losses from any greenhouse warming are modest: 1 to 2 percent of our economy's output by the year 2050, estimates economist William Cline.The loss seems even smaller compared with the expected growth of the economy <a doubling> over the same period.以最近出现的恐慌——温室效应——为例.展现在我们面前的是一个自我焚毁、可怕的幽灵般的世界.即刻行动,否则世界将咝咝烧焦.食品供应即将枯竭.冰川即将溶化.沿海地区即将淹没.事实上,任何温室热效应可能造成的损失都是有限的：经济学家威廉·克莱恩估计,到2050年只占我们经济产出的1%到2%.与预想的同期经济增长<翻一番>相比,这一损失更显得微不足道.No environmental problem threatens the "planet" or rates with the danger of a nuclear war.No oil spill ever caused suffering on a par with today's civil war in Yugoslavia, which isa minor episode in human misery. World WarⅡleft more than35 million dead. Cambodia's civil war resulted in 1 million to 3 million deaths.The great scourges of humanity remain what they have always been: war, natural disaster, oppressive government, crushing poverty and hate. On any scale of tragedy, environmental distress is a featherweight.没有任何环境问题威胁这颗"星球〞,任何环境问题无法用核战争所带所来的危害来衡量.任何石油溢出造成的危害也无法同今日南斯拉夫内战——它不过是人类苦难中的一段小插曲——相比拟.第二次世界大战导致 3 500 多万人死亡.柬埔寨内战导致100至300万人死亡.人类的巨大祸患一如既往：战争、自然灾害、暴虐政府、极度的贫困与仇恨.在悲剧的任何尺度上,环境问题造成的痛苦都轻如鸿毛.This is not an argument for indifference or inaction. It is an argument for perspective and balance. You can believe <as I do> that the possibility of greenhouse warming enhances an already strong case for an energy tax.A tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports, cut the budget deficit and promote energy efficient investments that make economic sense.这并非在为漠不关心或无动于衷进行辩解,这是在为前途和平衡而进行辩论.你可以相信<像我那样>,温室热效应的可能性强化了已具说服力的征缴能源税的理由.税收会抑制通常的空气污染,限制石油进口,减少预算赤字并提高具有经济意义的能效投入.But it does not follow that anyone who disagrees with me is evil or even wrong.On the greenhouse effect, for instance, there‘s ample scientific doubt over whether warming will occur and, if so, how much. Moreover, the warming would occur over decades. People and businesses could adjust. To take one example: farmers could shift to more heat-resistant seeds.但这并非意味着同我观点相悖的人就是居心叵测,或甚至是错误的.例如,就温室效应而言,热效应是否会发生,如果发生,其程度如何,对这类问题还存在大量的科学疑问.此外,热效应的发生需几十年的时间.人与行业可以进行调整.举一例：农民可改用更为耐热的种子.Unfortunately, the impulse of many environmentalists is to vilify and simplify. Critics of environmental restrictions are portrayed as selfish and ignorant creeps.Doomsday scenarios are developed to prove the seriousness of environmental dangers. Cline‘s recent greenhouse study projected warming 250 years into the future. Guess what, it increases sharply. This is anabsurd exercise akin to predicting life in 1992 at the time of the French and Indian War <1754～1763>.遗憾的是,许多环境保护论者感情用事,搞中伤和将事情简单化.环境限制法的批评者被描绘为自私自利、愚昧无知的小人.创作出了有关世界末日的电影剧本以证实环境危险的严重性.克莱恩最近对温室效应的研究展现了热效应在今后250年间的变化.猜猜吧,结果是什么?它在急剧增长.这就类似于一种在法印战争〔1754~1763〕时期预言1992的生活的无稽之谈.The rhetorical overkill is not just innocent excess. It clouds our understanding. For starters, it minimizes the great progress that has been made, especially in industrialized countries. In the United States, air and water pollution have dropped dramatically.Since 1960, particulate emissions <soot, cinders> are down by 65 percent. Lead emissions have fallen by 97 percent since 1970. Smog has declined in most cities.大谈特谈过多的伤亡并非过分的无知,它混淆人们的视听.对工业刚起步的国家来说,它低估了特别是工业化国家已取得的巨大成就.在美国,空气与水污染已得到显著缓解.自1960年以来,微颗粒物排放量〔煤灰、煤渣〕已下降65%.自1970年以来,铅排放量已降低97%.在大多数城市中,烟雾已减少.What's also lost is the awkward necessity for choices. Your environmental benefit may be my job. Not every benefit is worth having at any cost.Economists estimate that environmental regulations depress the economy's output by 2.6 to 5 percent, or about $150 billion to $290 billion. <Note: this is larger than the estimated impact of global warming.> For that cost, we've lowered health risks and improved our surroundings. But some gains are small compared with the costs. And some costs are needlessly high because regulations are rigid.同时我们也受到损失.这就是必须进行棘手的选择.你在环保方面所得到的好处也许就是我应尽的义务.并非每种利益都值得不惜任何代价而求之.经济学家估计,环境法规使经济产出下降2.6%至5%,或 1 500亿至2 900亿美元〔注：这一数字大于全球热效应的估计影响〕.我们用这一代价的确减轻了给身体所带来的危害,并且改善了我们的环境.但是,有些却得不偿失,而且由于法规的刻板僵化而使得一些代价毫无必要地上升.Balance: The worst sin of environmental excess is its bias against economic growth. The cure for the immense problems of poor countries usually lies with economic growth. A recent report from the World Bank estimates that more than 1 billion people lack healthy water supplies and sanitary facilities.Theresult is hundreds of millions of cases of diarrhea annually and the deaths of 3 million children <2 million of which the World Bank judges avoidable>. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions.平衡：过份夸大环境作用的最大罪过是对经济增长所执的偏见.解决贫困国家所存在的大量问题通常与经济增长息息相关.世界银行最近的一份报告估计, 10亿多人缺少健康用水和卫生设施.其结果是每年成千百万人患痢疾,并导致三百万儿童死亡〔世界银行认为,其中200万人可以免于死亡〕.国家只有变得富裕起来才能改变这些状况.Similarly, wealthier societies have both the desire and the income to clean their air and water. Advanced nations have urban-air-pollution levels only a sixth that of the poorest countries. Finally, economic growth tends to reduce high birthrates, as children survive longer and women escape traditional roles.与此同理,较富庶的国家既具有愿望也具有财政收入来静化空气和用水,发达国家的城市空气污染仅为贫穷国家的六分之一.最终,经济增长将降低高的出生率,因为儿童寿命延长了,妇女也摆脱了传统的角色.Yes, we have environmental problems. Reactors in the former Soviet Union pose safety risks. Economic growth and theenvironment can be at odds. Growth generates carbon dioxide emissions and causes more waste. But these problems are not - as environmental rhetoric implies - the main obstacles to sustained development. The biggest hurdle is inept government. Inept government fostered unsafe reactors. Inept government hampers food production in poor countries by, say, preventing farmers from earning adequate returns on their crops.的确,我们存在环境问题.前苏联的反应堆给安全造成威胁.经济增长与环境会发生矛盾.增长产生二氧化碳排放物,并且造成更多的废弃物.但是这些问题并不像环境保护论者夸夸其谈的那样,是持续发展的主要障碍.最大的障碍是无能的政府.无能的政府培育出无安全保障的反应堆.在贫穷的国家,无能的政府,比如说,通过限止农民从其作物中获得适当的利润,阻碍食品生产.By now, everyone is an environmentalist. But the label is increasingly meaningless, because not all environmental problems are equally serious and even the serious ones need to be balanced against other concerns. Environmentalism should hold the hype. It should inform us more and frighten us less.到现在为止,人人都是环境保护论者,但是这种说法越来越没有意义,因为并非一切环境问题都同样严重,甚至即使那些严重的环境问题也需要同其他利害关系来均衡考虑.环境保护论应当终止那种刺激性宣传.它应当给予我们更多一些信息,更少一些恐吓.Supplementary ReadingJAKARTA - Planet Earth was battered by floods, drought and fire in 1997, a year which ended with the world's major polluters squabbling over ways to prevent further environmental disaster.The 160 nations attending a UN conference on global warming, billed as one of the most vital ever held, finally reached a consensus on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade.The climate was dominated in the latter part of the year by El Nino, an upswelling of warmer water off the South American coast which affects global weather patterns."I think for sure the most dramatic thing has been the El Nino phenomenon that has been experienced throughout the tropics," said Jeffrey Sayer, director general of the International Centre for Forestry Research <CIFOR>,at Bogor near Jakarta.El Nino, called by Peruvian fisherman after the Christ Child because of its appearance around Christmas, is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.A major manifestation of the phenomenon was drought-aggravated bush fires in Indonesia that spread a choking smog across large areas of Southeast Asia before badly delayed monsoon rains started to fall in late November.Floods swept arid Somalia in East Africa, while the rain forests of Indonesia's lrian Jaya dried out and hundreds of tribes people died from starvation and disease.Apart from El Nino, eastern and central Europe suffered the worst floods in living memory in early July, with over 100 people killed in Poland and the Czech Republic, and many thousands of families displaced through the region and eastern Germany.In the ancient Japanese capital of Kyoto, a UN gathering of 159 countries finally agreed on cutting greenhouse gas emissions after 11 days of frenetic negotiations."Perhaps this day will be in the future remembered as the Day of the Atmosphere," conference chairman Raul Estrada told the conference after a treaty text was passed by consensus on December 11.The conference agreed that developed nations should cut emission of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases blamed for global warming.The United States accepted a 7 per cent cut from 1990 levels by 2008～2112, the European Union 8 per cent and Japan 6 per cent.The conference accepted scientific evidence that heating of the Earth's surface by gases trapped in the atmosphere causes more and fiercer storms, expanding deserts, melting polar ice and raising sea levels which threaten to submerge low lying islands-and some island states, such as the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.The United States wants developing countries brought under the emission control umbrella and the treaty still faces a major hurdle in its passage in Washington through a potentially hostile Republican Congress.US Vice President Al Gore called the Kyoto agreement "a vital turning point", but echoed the EU's Environment Minister Ritt Bjerregaard that more still needed to be done."This is not good enough for the future...we would like the parties to be more ambitious," Bjerregaard said.Indonesia's Environment Minister Sarwono Kusumaatmadja said it was up to the developed countries to provide the leadership to guarantee Earth's future.The Kyoto conference would at least provide a greaterawareness of environmental problems, particularly as it took place in an El Nino year."But there is always a time lag between awareness and action, and I think that the time lag can be very long..."he said.He also condemned Western criticism of the environmental and conservation policies of developing countries, saying "market forces" were responsible for many of the problems."Basically, we are facing problems with the present contemporary civilization with its consumption and production attitude...."The market is not friendly to the environment ,and we are part of the market. It is too big a problem for us to handle ...so they want to have their cake and eat it."They want to have their market and they want to have us perform as guardians of the world's environment without them having anything to do with it."The Kyoto conference also pitted big business against campaigners for the environment-although major insurance organizations did offer support to the "greens".CIFOR's Sayer told reporters that a major development in the last two or three years was the emergence of major multinational corporations in the global timber industry."This is not necessarily a bad thing because those companies also have the resources to practice sustainable forestry if they are motivated to do so."。
unit 5 答案及翻译
Unit 5 A place in societyActive reading (1)Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive)5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate)8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionallythe more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive.One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaignwhich comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. They also need a lot of new(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot ofproblems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to beable to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style and organization of the election campaign.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agr eeable)She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonable. (laughable)3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption)4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shiver)5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful)6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient)8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well?4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time?6 If the market is heaving with people, is there (a) a crowd of people there, or (b) not many people there?7 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?Active reading (2)Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and love towards them (loyalty)2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something (enable)3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company (competitor)4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or give to the other (contract)5 the control and operation of a business or organization (management)6 money used in a way that may earn you more money (investment)6 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?B Yes, it does. We’ve recently signed a number of (1) contracts in the Middle East.A So you’re making a major (2) investment in that area?B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) competitors in our line of business, so it won’t be easy.A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?B Not really, I’ve got a certain amount of (4) loyalty to my own company. I think that I’ve been treatedrather well by the (5) management. And if t hings go well, the new project I’m working on should(6) enable me to get promotion quite quickly.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language. (core)2 Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests. (membership)Some British people think membership of the European Union is vital to the UK’s national in terests.3 The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks. (delivery)The delivery of the books may take up to two weeks.4 They said they would cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday. (threatened)They threatened to cancel th e contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday.5 Can’t you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things. (dwell on)You always dwell on the bad things.6 Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life’s obstacles. (pre vail over)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does an intermediary try to get two people or groups to (a) agree, or (b) disagree with each other?2 Is your successor in a job the person who comes (a) after, or (b) before you?3 If you have been nominated for a job, have you been (a) formally, or (b) only informally appointed?4 Is a go-between someone who (a) takes messages between two people, or (b) prevents them from communicating?5 Is an individualist someone who (a) is, or (b) i sn’t dependent on other people?6 If you can stand on your own feet, can you (a) look after yourself, or (b) see further than most people?7 Does parental advice come from (a) the government, or (b) your mother and / or father?Language in useword formation: pro- and anti-1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine aprogressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic.1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an abortion?She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.2 If she was anti-capital punishment, was she in favour of or against the death penalty?She was against the death penalty.3 How are the words formed?These words are formed using the prefixes pro- and anti-.4 What information do they give about people’s characters?They indicate a person’s political ideas.Now form new words to describe someone who is:(a) against racismAn anti-racist: a person who is against racism, ie against the belief that people of their own race are better than others, and against the unfair and violent treatment to people from other races.(b) in favour of devolutionA pro-devolutionist: a person who is in favour of devolution of power, finance, decision-making on education, health etc to regional or local administrative bodies, rather than keeping such power and control centrally with the government.(c) against interventionAn anti-interventionist: a person who is against intervention by the central government in business, education, health etc, especially for regional or local matters.(d) against protecting the environmentAn anti-environmentalist: a person who is against environmentalism, ie who is against those who think we need special action to protect the environment.(e) in favour of a market economyA pro-market economist: a person who is in favour of letting market forces have their own process with minimal government intervention or control.(f) in favour of the governmentA pro-governmentist:a person who is in favour of the government policies and actions.not just to … but to …2 Rewrite the sentences using not just to …but to …1 I needed to see him for two reasons. I wanted to tell him about the new contract, and I also wanted to check whether he was still interested in working with us.I needed to see him not just to tell him about the new contract, but to check whether he was still interested in working with us.2 People went to Joanne’s for two reasons. They went because they were curious to see who their fellow diners were, but also to be seen themselves.People went to Joanne’s not just to see who their fellow diners were, but to be seen th emselves.3 Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro for two reasons. Firstly, it was a personal challenge, and secondly, he wanted to raise money for a children’s charity.Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro not just to face this personal challenge, but to raise money for a children’s charity.4 I agreed to go to Egypt for two reasons. I wanted to see an old friend, and I also needed a break from the northern winter.I agreed to go to Egypt not just to see an old friend, but to take a needed break from the northern winter.5 Florence left home for two reasons. She couldn’t find a job in the area where she lived, and she was beginning to find family life oppressive.Florence left home not just to find a job in this area, but to escape from her family life which she found oppressive.prep. + which / whom3 Complete the sentences with an appropriate prep. + which / whom.1 It’s not always easy to identify the group to which someone belongs.2 The global community, of which we are all part, is changing very rapidly.3 The friends with whom I grew up all left home years ago.4 The standards by which we are judged today seem to have little to do with traditional values.5 The society in which I grew up was rather different in those days.6 My parents, to whom I owe so much, came from a very poor background.unpacking complex sentences4 Look at the sentences from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.1 Did Joanne’s have a reputation for good food?No, in fact, the food was often maligned.2 How did Josh know it?He knew it by reputation, ie he had heard or read good comments about it.3 What was special for its orchestra?The orchestra had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet.4 Who were the sort of guests it had a reputation for?They were famous celebrities, eg politicians, diplomats, movie actors, athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars, Nobel prize winners etc.5 Who does anyone who was anyone refer to?It refers to anyone who is famous or who has star-quality.Collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 intense When a feeling or action is intense, it is usually very strong or extreme, or it exists in large amounts?(a) If the pain is intense, what do you feel like doing?You feel like screaming or crying with pain.(b) What sort of work requires intense concentration?Difficult or hard work on which you need to focus all your attention.(c) What kind of weather is intense heat?Very hot and dry weather.2 delivery This word usually means carrying goods somewhere and giving them to someone who is waiting to receive them.(a) How many of the online bookstores offer free delivery?A few offer free delivery.(b) What do you do if you are asked for cash on delivery?You pay when what you have ordered is delivered.(c) If a mother has had an easy delivery, what has she just brought into the world?A baby; she has just given birth in a comfortable manner.3 core This word usually means the centre of something, or the most important and necessary part of something.(a) What do you do with the apple core when you’ve finished eating?You throw it away because it is not the part to eat, but it has the most important part for the apple tree –the pips or apple seeds.(b) How many words do you think should be included in a core vocabulary of English?A limited number of basic and frequent words.(c) How devoted are a hard core of fans who stay up all night to greet their heroes?They are very devoted and loyal.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. He’d never been to Joanne’s, but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of powerbrokers.乔希打了个冷战，他打开手里的纸条核对了一下地址。
尊敬名人英语作文带翻译
尊敬名人英语作文带翻译Title: Admirable Figures: Inspiring Individuals Who Shape Our World。
In today's interconnected world, the influence of renowned personalities transcends borders, languages, and cultures. These individuals serve as beacons of inspiration, guiding us towards excellence and embodying the virtues we aspire to emulate. Let us delve into the lives and contributions of some of these remarkable figures.1. Malala Yousafzai。
Born in Pakistan, Malala Yousafzai became a global symbol of courage and education advocacy at a young age. Despite facing threats from the Taliban, she continued to champion girls' right to education. Malala's unwavering determination and resilience led to her becoming the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate at the age of 17. Her eloquent speeches and activism resonate worldwide,inspiring millions to stand up for equality and justice.2. Nelson Mandela。
英语六年级上册Unit 5 Famous People new
Listen and number
Listen and number
43 5
12
Read and fill in the chart（填表）
1 This is Li Bai. He was Chinese. He was a poet. He wrote many
1.Who is he? 2.Where was he from? 3.What did he do? 4.What was he good at?
Let’s discuss
This is Jean Henri Fabre. He was French. He was a scientist and studied insects. He is famous for his book named The Book of Insects.
He was a_________. He was good at _____________.
Let’s write
Helen Keller Yao Ming
J.K.Rowling Isaac Newton Yuan Longping
This is __________. He/She is/was _____________. He/She is/was a _____________. He/She is/was good at _______________.
1.Who is he? 2.Where was he from? 3.What did he do? 4.What was he good at?
He is … He was from… He was… He was a… He was good at …
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名人崇拜的新时代
布拉德和安吉丽娜，汤姆和凯蒂，尼克和杰西卡--关于名人生活的那些八卦，人们好像总也听不够。
这就是所谓的“追星”，一种比一切都更重要--在以往的任何时代都没有如此突出的现象。
“来自技术和媒体的力量融合在一起促使追星现象产生，传遍全球，并像虱子繁衍一样迅速发展，”美国心理协会发言人、美国加州州立大学洛杉矶分校媒体心理学名誉教授斯图亚特菲斯霍夫说。
实际上，从《纽约邮报》第六版风靡全球，到诸如《人物周刊》、《美国周刊》、《星尚》、《型时代》等受名人效应驱策的出版物发行量不断增加，毫无疑问，名人已经并正在前所未有地牢牢地抓住我们的注意力。
但驱使我们无休止地崇拜名人的动力是什么？更为重要的是，名人崇拜的迷人诱惑力会对我们的健康有害么？答案四惠取决于谁在崇拜以及其崇拜的原因是什么。
纽约西奈山医学院的精神病学教授，“强迫障碍。
冲动障碍和焦虑症”课程主任艾瑞克郝兰德尔说：“如同其他事物一样，这里也有个尺度问题。
有些人对名人的生活很着迷，但在自己的生活中照样从事有意义的活动，进行有意义的人际交往。
对于有些人来说，追星通常是一种无害的娱乐。
”
但是对另一些人来说事情却不完全如此。
郝兰德尔表示，有越来越多的人以追星替代了真正的生活--他们把本应该对自己生活的关注放在了名人身上。
而正是在这一点上，这些人陷入了麻烦。
当我们不再关注自己的生活，而是把全部的经历投入到对名人的关注上时，就会引发种种已经得到确证的问题。
抑郁、焦虑和自尊的降低都仅仅是其中的一些而已。
英雄崇拜学
我们如何并且为何崇拜名人（以及为什么我们其中的一些人更容易受影响）是一个几乎同流行文化本身一样古老的流行文化问题。
实际上，专家们认为，只要有人在声誉或者财富方面领先，就有一群充满好奇的大众想要追随。
对狂热崇拜名人现象进行学术研究的菲斯霍夫说，寻找偶像和追随偶像的需要是植根在我们的基因中的。
“作为一种社会动物，我们天生就对优秀的男女，那些在人群中举足轻重的人们，感兴趣，”菲斯霍夫说。
他认为，从社会学意义上说，我们预先编程去“追随领袖”；对于好莱坞造星制度来说，我们在生物本能上就易受其蛊惑，甚至那些明星们自己也无法逃脱这一神秘魔力。
“我知道有些知名人士对其他名人崇拜不已--甚至一些政界高管听到名人演说时也更乐意正襟危坐、洗耳恭听。
显然，名人崇拜真的是我们天生就有的东西，”菲斯霍夫说。
然而，真正的问题可能是，我们中的一些人显然比其他人更好地处理了我们的天性带来的影响。
这正是若干次研究后的发现。
这些研究确立了这样一个概念，即“名人崇拜”对某些人来说是一个科诊断的心理健康问题。
在一项对超过600人进行的研究中，心理学家发现，大约有三分之一的研究对象的情况符合他们所命名的“名人崇拜综合征”。
对于这些崇拜者们，最严重的时候，其崇拜对象成为他们生活的中心。
心理学机艾比阿洛诺维茨说，“关于名人的信息，或者有关他们生活的任何小事，就像毒品一样，让崇拜者欲罢不能。
他们身不由己想要了解更多、读到更多、知道更多。
而且这种需要永无止境。
”专家们说，有些人甚至开始相信他们和所
崇拜的名人之间有一种特殊的联系。
毫不意外，研究还发现，狂热的崇拜者们更容易患焦虑症、抑郁症和社会功能障碍。
虽然研究中心很清楚崇拜名人不一定导致功能障碍，但无疑会增加这一风险。
追星族失控：追星背后的动力是什么
尽管我们天生就可能追星，但显然并非每个人都过度狂热。
“很多深陷于名人崇拜的人都具有潜伏的异常病理机制。
意识到这种病理机制的存在知道它以崇拜某一名人的形式发作出来要重要得多。
这种异常病理机制如果不是表现为关注某一个名人，就将是关注于其他的什么事情上，但它总是存在着，”菲斯霍夫说。
阿洛诺维茨赞同这种看法，但他也表示娱乐媒体也参与缔造了超级星迷这种“怪兽”。
“整个好莱坞的各种运作机制共同创造了我们任何人都无法达到的形象。
他们故意让我们去钦佩甚至是垂涎于我们永远也无法得到的东西。
”
然而具有讽刺意味的是，如同缔造名人英雄一样迅速，媒体以同样快的速度，通过越来越多地揭露明星们不可告人的秘密来损毁这些英雄形象。
阿洛诺维茨认为这种做法会带给追星族们非常扭曲和消极的影响。
“在玛丽莲梦露之前，明星的私生活是秘而不宣的。
但如今，我们看到的不再是光鲜的典型，而是名人乌七八糟的生活，包括吸毒和酗酒。
这些，对于崇拜这些名人的追随者而言，会转而成为非常危险的信息。
”
事实上，一项发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究表明，在电影中看到吸烟镜头的青少年更容易形成吸烟的习惯。
另有研究者暗示，对于吸毒和酗酒的模仿也是如此，还包括像厌食症这样的饮食失调症。
当追星族试图模仿自己心仪的明星们，达到他们那种不切实际的超低体重的时候，就可能形成厌食症。
更糟糕的是，有些追星族的极端盲目模仿行为甚至会致命，当他们崇拜的偶像自杀或者殒命的时候，他们也会盲目追随。
“有些追星族，多数是年轻人，无法承受偶像的辞世，以至于认为自己也失去了活下去的意义，”他说。
健康、快乐和追星
尽管对于某些人来说名人崇拜可能不健康，专家认为对我们大多数人来说，追星是一种令人愉快的娱乐方法，可以切实改进我们的生活。
当我们心仪的对象为我们树立良好的榜样，促使我们为实现自己的理想而奋斗时，尤为如此。
阿洛诺维茨表示，“如果你因为某人的成就而崇拜他，那他的成就会鞭策你改进自己的生活。
如此一来，崇拜名人则对你的远大理想有积极的影响，甚至会影响你的心理健康。
”
专家认为，如果知名人士走上街头参与增进健康的公益活动，并且最终说服我们亲手改进自己的生活的话，那名人崇拜会产生更为积极的结果。
“名人们可以用正面的讯息给我们的生活带来积极的影响。
关于很多难以引起我们关注的问题，包括健康问题，在增强意识和减少成见方面，名人们都会起很大的作用，”纳兰德尔说。
实际上，如果有成为“健康追星族”的秘诀，专家们认为那就是我们要有能力既享受名人带来我们的益处，又不让他们成为我们生活的全部。
“如果你只是乐在其中，如果追星不会替代你现实生活中的感情联系，那就真的没有问题，”阿洛诺维茨得出这样的结论。