2015年高考江苏卷(英语)分析

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2015-2018年高考英语(全国I卷)阅读理解题分析

682019年09期总第449期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS2015-2018年高考英语(全国I 卷)阅读理解题分析文/何嘉敏【摘要】普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(简称“高考”)不仅对学生的发展尤为重要，对教学也产生深远的反拨作用。

阅读理解题所占分值为40分，是高考英语的重要题型。

本文将从命题概况及教学启示等方面分析2015-2018年高考英语(全国I卷)的阅读理解题，为高中英语教师进一步了解高考英语试题、深入挖掘英语教学的重点、难点提供参考。

【关键词】高考英语全国卷；阅读理解题；阅读教学【作者简介】何嘉敏，中山纪念中学。

势：在近四年的英语高考阅读题中，词义猜测题平均数量为1题，而在2017年出现了2题；主旨大意题从2015年0变为2018年的2题。

2.教学启示。

(1)注重培养学生的思维能力及语篇能力。

从上文的阅读题试题设置的变化可知，高考英语阅读题越发重视考察学生的推力判断能力及联系上下文、概括主旨大意的语篇能力。

因此，教师在日常教学中应有意识地设置相关课堂活动、培养训练学生的思维能力；此外，也应结合课文或练习中的阅读文章教授学生相关语篇知识，如文章体裁、语篇特点和语篇的衔接与连贯等。

(2)引导学生进行拓展阅读。

通过以上分析可知，近几年的高考英语阅读所采用的文章体裁及话题多样，故教师在日常教学中应引导学生利用课余时间、英语自习课等进行英语拓展阅读，这不仅有利于增加学生对不同体裁、话题文章的熟悉度，学生通过拓展阅读也逐渐开拓视野、增加背景知识，有利于其在考试中加深对文章的理解。

(3)重视不同类型文章文体特征的教授。

通过以上分析可知，近几年的高考英语阅读所采用的文章体裁多样，涵盖应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文，而近两年(2017-2018)的阅读理解还出现了新闻报道类文章。

不同的文章类型会有不同的文体特征，例如新闻报道类一般而言首段为主题段，会概括整篇文章的大意，若学生了解此特点，在做主旨大意题时便得心应手。

2015年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解(附答案)

第三部分: 阅读理解(共15 小题; 每小题2 分, 满分30 分)请阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A56. According to the Code, visitors should act .A. with care and respectB. with relief and pleasureC. with caution and calmnessD. with attention and observation57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?A. Take your own camping facilities.B. Bury glass far away from rivers.C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into theenvironment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release."Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste atthe start—for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments'incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?From the governments'point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that .A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .A. from producers to governmentsB. from governments to producersC. from individuals to distributorsD. from distributors to governments60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste.B. The creation of e-waste.C. The seriousness of e-waste.D. The management of e-waste.CSuppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen socialrelationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e. g., “I volunteer because it's important to me") to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I'm required to do so"). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience".Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer"as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am."Consistent with the researchers'expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity".61. People volunteer mainly out of .A. academic requirementsB. social expectationsC. financial rewardsD. internal needs62. What can we learn from the Florida study?A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C. Strategy training is a must in research.D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A. Individual differences in role identity.B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C. Role identity as a volunteer.D. Practical advice from researchers.64. What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Get People to VolunteerB. How to Study Volunteer BehaviorsC. How to Keep Volunteers'InterestD. How to Organize Volunteer ActivitiesDFreedom and ResponsibilityFreedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative businesspossessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But, “the excellent becomes the permanent,"Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to:“The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government."No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies"in Paragrap h 2 refer to?A. Countries where their people need help.B. Powerful states with higher civilization.C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D. Governments ruled with absolute power.66. People believing in freedom are those who .A. regard their life as their own businessB. seek gains as their primary objectC. behave within the laws and value systemsD. treat others with kindness and pity67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.68. What does the sentence “There could be only one result."in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Athens would continue to be free.B. Athens would cease to have freedom.C. Freedom would come from responsibility.D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?A. The author is hopeful about freedom.B. The author is cautious about self-government.C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.D. The author is proud of man's capacity.70. What is the author's understanding of freedom?A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.。

2015年高考全国卷英语听力试题与文稿

2015年高考全国卷英语听力试题、链接、原文及听力试题分析(新课标听力适用课标1卷、课标2卷、江苏卷、安徽卷、福建卷) 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1.What time is it now?A. 9:10B. 9:50C. 10:002.What does the woman think of the weather?A. It’s niceB. It’s warmC. It’s cold3.What will the man do?A. Attend a meetingB. Give a lectureC. Leave his office4.What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hardB. Worth takingC. Very easy5. What does the woman want the man to do ?A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6. How long did Michael stay in China?A. Five days.B. One week.C.Two weeks.7. Where did Michael go last year?A. Russia.B. Norway.C. India.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题8.What food does Sally like?A.Cook dinner.B.Fish.C.Eggs.9.What are the speakers going to do?A.Cook dinner.B.Go shopping.C.Order dishes.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题.10.Where are the speakers?A.In a hospital.B.In the office.C.At home.11.When is the report due ?A.Thursday.B.Friday.C.Next Monday.12.What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?A.Improve it.B.Hand it in later.C.Leave it with him.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

2015年英语高考全国各地完形填空试题及解析(全文翻译)

In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because peopleare throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it.40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 .Another cause is our42 of disposable (一次性的) products.As 43 people,we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. D51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C【翻译】在我们现代的世界里，当有什么东西穿出来的时候，我们就把它扔了，买了一个新的。

2015年高考试卷解析全(14套)

编者按：仅限内部使用和交流，无名人士汇整。

目录答案与解析 (2)01 2015新课标全国卷 (2)02 2015新课标卷II (5)03 2015年江苏卷 (10)04 2015年浙江卷 (15)05 2015年福建卷 (23)06 2015年湖南卷 (28)08 2015年安徽卷 (36)09 2015年北京卷 (40)10 2015年天津卷 (45)11 2015年陕西卷 (50)12 2015年重庆卷 (55)13 2015年四川卷 (61)14 2015年广东卷 (66)附：2015课标卷(I)听力原文 (70)答案与解析01 2015新课标全国卷解析第一部分听力1. A2. C3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. B9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C第二部分阅读理解第一节A【语篇解读】本文是应用文阅读。

全文讲述了每个月在伦敦运河博物馆举办的几个讲座。

包括讲座的内容、地点、联系方式等。

21.C 细节理解题。

根据文章第二段第二句James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.和第二段最后一句可知Chris Lewis的讲座内容和James Brindley有关，此讲座对应的日期是November 7th，故选C项。

22.D 细节理解题。

根据题目中的February定位到第四段，该日期对应的讲座是本段的第一句An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne.故选D项。

23.A 细节理解题。

根据第五段第一句Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. 可知，作报告的人是Miranda Vickers，故选A项。

高考英语全国卷2015II卷完形填空翻译与解析

全国卷完形填空真题解析2015 II单词短语：it may （well） be +that从句（很〉有可能是・・・learning n.知识,学问；学习first hand第•手的，直接的，亲身的tournament rtoin^mant/ n.锦标赛；联赛play against同.••比赛：对战shoot on goal 射门click with与…合得来，默契clicks.被突然明白，豁然开朗：配合默契,运作协调"•咔嗒声，点击，单击aggressively adv.富于攻击性地aggressive /s^resiv/ adj.富于攻击性的：敢作敢为的：侵略的：好斗的It strike sb. that...某人突然想到…；某人产生…想法general principle •般的原则■总原则work sthout找…的答案，解决；计划，思考：计算，算出：解析：Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all 41 places of learning・ But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 somewhere else instead・当你想学习的时候，你会去哪里？学校？朋友？家教？这些都是学习的（）地方。

但是很可能的情况是，你真正想学的东西反而（）某个地方.41.考查形容词：public公共的：traditional传统的：official官方的：special特殊的42.考查动词：passes经过，通过； works E作：lies位于，躺：ends结束41.42.文章•开始捉到的去学校学习、向朋友求教或找家庭教师辅导，根据常识知这些都是传统的（traditional）学习方式.但很可能你真正想学的却不在这些地方，而在（lies）其他地方.故选B, C.I had the 43 of seeing this first hand on a 44 •在一个（），我有（）亲眼看到了。

2015年高考英语江苏卷(含详细答案)

英语试卷第1页（共34页）英语试卷第2页（共34页）绝密★启用前2015普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1. 本试卷共12页，包含选择题（第1题～第70题，共70题）、非选择题（第71题～第81题，共11题）两部分。

本卷满分为120分，考试时间为120分钟。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

2. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置上。

3. 请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符。

4. 作答选择题，必须用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

作答非选择题，必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9. 18.C. £9.15.答案是C 。

1. What time is it now?A. 9:10.B. 9:50.C. 10:00. 2. What does the woman think of the weather? A. It’s nice. B. It’s warm. C. It’s cold. 3. What will the man do? A. Attend a meeting. B. Give a lecture. C. Leave his office. 4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course? A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy. 5. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2015年高考江苏卷考试说明新增词汇

2015年高考江苏卷考试说明新增词汇1. anticipate英[ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt] 美[ænˈtɪsəˈpet] vt.预感；预见；预料；先于…行动vi.过早地提出；过早地考虑(或说、做)一件事；(在口头或用文字)预言；预测2. assure英[əˈʃʊə(r)] 美[əˈʃʊr] vt.向…保证；使…确信；<英>给…保险3. commodity英[kəˈmɒdəti] 美[kəˈmɑ:dəti] n.商品；日用品；有价值的物品；有利，有益4. compile英[kəmˈpaɪl] 美[kəmˈpaɪl] vt.汇编；编辑；编制；编译5. comprehensive英[ˈkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] 美[ˈkɑ:mprɪˈhensɪv] adj.广泛的；综合的；有理解力的，悟性好的；[保险业] 总体担保的n.[常用复数] 专业综合考试；综合学校；综合性中学6. consent英[kənˈsent] 美[kənˈsɛnt] n.准许，赞同；同意；(意见等的)一致vi.同意；赞成，赞同；允许7. contrast1英[ˈkɒntrɑ:st] 美[ˈkɑ:ntræst] n.对比，对照；差异；对照物，对立面；[摄] 反差8. contrast2英[kənˈtrɑ:st] 美[kənˈtræst] vi.对比；形成对照vt.使对照，使对比；和…形成对照9. core英[kɔ:(r)] 美[kɔr, kor] n.中心，核心，精髓；果心，果核；[地质学] 地核；[计] 磁心10. vt.去(果)核，挖去…的果心；提取岩芯(样品)11. criteria英[kraɪ'tɪərɪə] 美[kraɪˈtɪrɪə] n.(批评、判断等的)标准，准则(criterion的名词复数)；(criterion的复数)12. crucial英[ˈkru:ʃl] 美[ˈkruʃəl] adj.关键性的，极其显要的；决定性的；十字形的13. crush英[krʌʃ] 美[krʌʃ] vt.压破，压碎；镇压；弄皱；挤榨，榨出vi.挤；被压碎，被起皱n.粉碎，被压碎的状态；(特指女子对男性的)迷恋；拥挤的人群；果汁饮料14. deduce英[dɪˈdju:s] 美[dɪˈdu:s] vt.推论，推断；演绎；追溯根源15. devil英[ˈdevl] 美[ˈdɛvəl] n.魔鬼；家伙；淘气鬼；冒失鬼vt.虐待，折磨；(用扯碎机)扯碎；(替作家，律师等)做助手；抹辣味料烤制或煎煮16. differentiate英[ˈdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt] 美[ˈdɪfəˈrɛnʃiˈet] vt.& vi.区分，区别，辨别vi.区别对待vt.表明…间的差别，构成…间差别的特征；[数学] 求…的微分：计算导数或(函数的)微分17. drama英[ˈdrɑ:mə] 美[ˈdrɑmə, ˈdræmə] n.戏剧，剧本；戏剧效果；戏剧文学[艺术] ；戏剧性事件[场面]18. earnest英[ˈɜ:nɪst] 美[ˈɜ:rnɪst] adj.热心的；诚挚的，真挚的；重要的n.热心；认真；定钱，保证金；诚挚19. equate英[iˈkweɪt] 美[ɪˈkwet] vt.使相等；相当于；等同20. estate英[ɪˈsteɪt] 美[ɪˈstet] n.财产，遗产，房地产；个人财产；不动产权；(较高的)社会地位adj.(汽车)连箱的(拥有较长的车身和后门，后座后面有较大的空间)21. ethnic英[ˈeθnɪk] 美[ˈɛθnɪk] adj.种族的，部落的；某文化群体的n.少数民族的成员22. evolve英[iˈvɒlv] 美[iˈvɑ:lv] vt.使发展；使进化；设计，制订出；发出，散发vi.发展；[生] 通过进化进程发展或发生23. exceed英[ɪkˈsi:d] 美[ɪkˈsid] vt.超过；超越；胜过；越过…的界限vi.突出，领先24. exclude英[ɪkˈsklu:d] 美[ɪk'sklu:d] vt.排除，不包括；排斥；驱除，赶出25. formula英[ˈfɔ:mjələ] 美[ˈfɔ:rmjələ] n.公式，准则；客套话；方案；婴儿食品26. gender英[ˈdʒendə(r)] 美[ˈdʒɛndɚ] n.<语>性某些语言的(阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等)；性别；某些语言的(名词、代词和形容词)性的区分27. grace英[greɪs] 美[ɡres] n.恩泽；优雅；慈悲；魅力v.使优美；惠赐28. guideline英[ˈgaɪdlaɪn] 美[ˈɡaɪdˈlaɪn] n.指导方针；指导原则29. imitate英[ˈɪmɪteɪt] 美[ˈɪmɪˈtet] vt.模仿，效仿；仿造，伪造30. induce英[ɪnˈdju:s] 美[ɪnˈdu:s] vt.引诱；引起；[电] 感应；归纳31. innovate英[ˈɪnəveɪt] 美[ˈɪnəˈvet] vi.改革，创新vt.引入(新事物、思想或方法)，32. insight英[ˈɪnsaɪt] 美[ˈɪnˈsaɪt] n.洞察力，洞悉；直觉，眼光；领悟；顿悟33. interact英[ˈɪntərˈækt] 美[ˈɪntɚˈækt] v.相互作用；互相影响；互动34. interfere英[ˈɪntəˈfɪə(r)] 美[ˈɪntərˈfɪr] vi.干预，干涉；调停，排解；妨碍，打扰35. intermediate英[ˈɪntəˈmi:diət] 美[ˈɪntərˈmi:diət] adj.中间的，中级的n.中间物，中间分子，中间人vi.调解：充当调解人，调解；干涉36. journal英[ˈdʒɜ:nl] 美[ˈdʒɜ:rnl] n.日报，日志，日记；定期刊物，期刊，杂志；[会计] 分类账37. manual英[ˈmænjuəl] 美[ˈmænjuəl] adj.用手的；手制的，手工的；[法] 占有的；体力的n.手册；指南；[乐] 键盘；[军] 刀枪操练38. overseas英[ˈəʊvəˈsi:z] 美[ˈoʊvərˈsi:z] adv.在[向] 海外，在[向] 国外adj.(在)海外的，(在)国外的；(向或来自)外国的39. proportion英[prəˈpɔ:ʃn] 美[prəˈpɔ:rʃn] n.比，比率；[数学] 比例(法)；面积；相称，平衡vt.使成比例；使相称；使均衡40. ratio英[ˈreɪʃiəʊ] 美[ˈreɪʃioʊ] n.比，比率；比例；系数vt.求出比值，除，使…成比例；将(相片)按比例放大[缩小]41. reluctant英[rɪˈlʌktənt] 美[rɪˈlʌktənt] adj.不情愿的，勉强的；顽抗的；难处理的；厌恶的42. sauce英[sɔ:s] 美[sɔs] n.调味汁；酱汁；〈非〉莽撞无礼；〈俚〉烈酒vt.调味或加沙司于…；给…增加趣味或风味；〈非〉对…无礼43. undergo英[ˈʌndəˈgəʊ] 美[ˈʌndərˈgoʊ] vt.经历，经验；遭受，承受44. vision英[ˈvɪʒn] 美[ˈvɪʒən] n.视力，视觉；美景，绝妙的东西；幻影；想像力vt.在幻觉中看到；幻想，想象；梦见。

2015年高考真题英语听力真题与听力原文附答案(全国卷)

2015 年高考真题英语听力试题、原文及答案（全国卷）第一节听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What time is it now?A. 9:10.B. 9:50.C. 10:00.2. What does the woman think of the weather?A. It ’ s nice.B. It ’ s warm.C. It ’ s cold.3.What will the man do?A.Attend a meeting.B.G ive a lecture.C.Leave his office.4.What is the woman’ s opinion about the course?A. Too hard.B. Worth taking.C. Very easy.5.What does the woman want the man to do?A.Speak louder.B.A pologize to her.C.Turn off the radio.第二节听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第 6 段材料，回答第6 、 7 题。

6. How long did Michael stay in China?A. Five days.B. One week.C. Two weeks.7. Where did Michael go last year?A. Russia.B. Norway.C. India.听第 7 段材料，回答第8、 9 题。

2015年高考英语全国卷2-答案

2015普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国新课标卷2）英语答案解析第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】A【解析】W: What time is your train leaving?M: It leaves at 10.I’ve got 50 minutes left.W: You’d better hurry, or you won’t be able to catch it.2.【答案】C【解析】M: Nice weather we’re having! Don’t you think?W: No, it is too cold.M: I think it is just right.W: I’d prefer a few degrees warmer.3.【答案】A【解析】M: Now, let’s stop talking and get going. I need to be in my office in 15minutes. Or I’ll be late for a meeting. W: OK. Bye!4.【答案】B【解析】M: This course is really difficult.W: I don’t think it’s all that bad. And we’ll benefit a lot from it.M: So you’re taking it, too.W: That’s true.5.【答案】C【解析】W: Could you turn that off? I can’t hear myself think！M: What?W: The radio.M: Oh, sorry.第二节6.【答案】B7.【答案】A【解析】W: Hi, Michael! I heard you just came back from a holiday?M: Yes. I stayed for a week in China and 5days in India.W: You do travel a lot, don’t you? Last year, you went to Norway, right?M: Well, I’ve been to quite some countries, but not yet to Norway. Last summer, I toured Russia for two weeks.8.【答案】B9.【答案】C【解析】M: Sally, do you like seafood?W: Yes, of course.M: Is there anything you especially like?W: Well, I really don’t know. I can never remember the name.M: Ok. Is there any food you don’t eat?W: Well, I don’t eat chicken, and I don’t like eggs, either. But I like all kinds of fish and vegetable.M: Then, let’s look at the menu, and see what they’ve got for us.10.【答案】B11.【答案】A12.【答案】B【解析】M: You look pale, Stephanie! What’s wrong?W: I don’t feel good. I have a bad headache. In fact, I haven’t got much sleep this past week, and I feel really tired. M: Why don’t you go to see a doctor? W: Yeah, I think I should. But I have a report to do tomorrow. Ms. Jenkins means it for the board meeting next Monday.M: Well, it’s Wednesday today. Why don’t you talk to Ms. Jenkins and ask if you can hand it in on Friday morning? W: Maybe I should try. I guess I just need a good sleep. Thanks, Gorge.M: If you need any help for the report, just let me know.13.【答案】C14.【答案】A15.【答案】B16.【答案】C【解析】W: Anything interesting in the paper today, dear?M: Well, yeah. There are a few here that might interest us. Here is one for just four hundred dollars. It only has one bedroom, but it sounds nice, near Lake Street.W: Yeah, let me see what the cheapest two-bedroom apartment is. Oh, here is one on Market Street. It’s a real bargain. Only 350 dollars. But it doesn’t have any furniture.M: Well, it costs a lot to buy all the furniture.W: Oh, here is another one for just over four hundred dollars. This sounds very interesting. It’s on South Street. That’s a nice area!M: Yes, it’s quiet. Did you say two bedrooms?W: Yes, at 415dollars.M: Why don’t we go and have a look?W: OK, I’ll give them a call.17.【答案】B18.【答案】A19.【答案】A20.【答案】C【解析】Look at this picture. It’s the London Tea Trade center. As you can see, it is on the North Bank of the River Thames. It is the center of an important industry in the everyday life of the British people. Tea is the British national drink. Every man, woman and child over ten years of age, has an average over four cups a day, or someone thousand five hundred cups annually. About 30 percent of the world’s export of tea makes its way to London. And Britain is by far the largest importer of tea in the world.Now in the second picture, you can see how tea is tasted in the Tea Trade Centre before it is sold. Here, different types of tea are tasted by skilled tea-tasters before they are sold at each week’s tea sale. It’s amazing to see them at work! Over a hundred kinds of tea are laid out in a line on a long table. The tasters generally taste tea with milk, since that is how the majority of British people drink their tea. The tasters move down the line with surprising speed, tasting from a spoon and deciding what is a fair price for each tea.第二部分阅读理解第一节21.【答案】C【解析】根据“…newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗上当了。

2015年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版

2015年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析一、第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）1．（1分）What time is it now？A．9：10．B．9：50．C．10：00．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略2．（1分）What does the woman think of the weather？A．It's nice．B．It's warm．C．It's cold．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1分）What will the man do？A．Attend a meeting B．Give a lecture C．Leave his office．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4．（1分）What is the woman's opinion about the course？A．Too hardB．Worth takingC．Very easy．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略5．（1分）What does the woman want the man to do？A．Speak louder．B．Apologize to her．C．Turn off the radio．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略6．（2分）（1）How long did Michael stay in China？A．Five days．B．One week．C．Two weeks．（2）Where did Michael go last year？A．Russia．B．Norway．C．India．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【点评】略7．（2分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．8．What food does Sally like？A．Chicken．B．Fish．C．Eggs．9．What are the speakers going to do？A．Cook dinner．B．Go shopping．C．Order dishes．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【点评】略8．（3分）（1）Where are the speakers？A．In a hospital．B．In the office．C．At home．（2）What is the report due？A．Thursday．B．Friday．C．Next Monday．（3）What does suggest Stephanie do with the report？A．Improve it．B．Hand it in later．C．Leave it with him．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BAB【点评】略9．（4分）（1）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Salesperson and customer．B．Homeowner and cleaner．C．Husband and wife．（2）What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer？A．One with two bedroom．B．One without furniture．C．One near a market．（3）How much rent should one pay for the one﹣bedroom apartment？A．＄350．B．＄400．C．＄415．（4）Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see？A．On Lake Street．B．On Market Street．C．On South Street．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略10．（4分）（1）What percentage of the world's tea exports go to Britain？A．About 15%．B．About 30%．C．Over 40%．（2）Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk？A．Most British people drink that way．B．Tea tastes much better with milk．C．Tea with milk is healthy．（3）Who suggests a price for each tea？A．Tea tasters．B．Tea exporters．C．Tea companies．（4）What is the speaker talking about？A．The life of tea tasters．B．Afternoon tea in Britain．C．The London Tea Trade Centre．【考点】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．11．（1分）The number of smokers，__________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year．（）A．it B．which C．what D．as【考点】59：关系代词．【分析】正如所报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅一年就减少了17%．【解答】答案D．这是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，空缺的词为关系代词，故排除A、C．as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以放在句首、句中、句末．本题容易误选B项，把the number of smokers看成是先行词，这里的关系代词指代的是the number of smokers has dropped by 17percent in just one year这一整句话，而且"as is reported"是常用表达法故选：D．【点评】对于关系代词的选择，要分析句子成分，还要结合关系代词本身的用法，加以选择和判断．12．（1分）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential．（）A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop【考点】A8：实义动词．【分析】句意：学校应该是一个充满生机的地方，在这里每个学生个体都被鼓励充分发展，最大限度地激发潜能．【解答】答案D．A选项"加快，加速"常见搭配有"accelerate the pace of"；B选项"改进，提高"；C选项"表现，表演，执行"；D选项"开发；发展；冲洗（胶片），养成"；D项符合语境，故选：D．【点评】本题考查动词辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的动词．平时要加强动词词汇量的积累．13．（1分）﹣Jim，can you work this Sunday？﹣__________？I've been working for two weeks on end．（）A．Why me B．Why not C．What if D．So what【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣﹣Jim，这个星期六你能加班吗？﹣﹣﹣为什么是我？我已经连续工作两周了．【解答】答案A．选项A Why me？的意思是为什么是我；选项B Why not的意思是为什么不呢；选项C What if的意思是要是…会怎么样；选项D So what的意思是那又怎么样．根据语境和句意，应该选择A．【点评】做这类题目，要根据选项的意义、用法及句意来做出正确的选择和判断．14．（1分）Much time __________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems．（）A．being spent B．having spentC．spent D．spending【考点】A4：动词的过去分词；BB：过去分词．【分析】句意：因为大部分时间都坐在办公桌前，所以办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰．【解答】考查独立主格结构．由句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语much time与主句主语office workers不一致，所以是独立主格结构．逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格结构作原因状语．time与spend是被动关系，故填spent．【点评】解答此类题目首先要分析句子结构找出主句，同时要注意主句的主语与分词的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，则为独立主格结构．然后再分析分词的逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系，主动用doing，被动用done．15．（1分）__________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it．（）A．That B．Why C．Where D．How【考点】79：连接副词；H7：wh﹣引导的主语从句．【分析】句意为：中国伟大诗人李白出生的地点是大众都知道的，但是一些人却不能接受这一点．【解答】答案：C．is之前的内容是主语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据逻辑关系，此处应该是出生的地方，而不是方式或原因．【点评】在主语从句中，除了要考虑句子成分，还要看句子前后的逻辑关系．16．（1分）It is so cold that you can't go outside __________ fully covered in thick clothes．（）A．if B．unless C．once D．when【考点】92：从属连词．【分析】句意：外面非常冷，如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服，千万不要出去．【解答】A选项"如果"；C选项"一旦"；D选项"当…时候"；B选项"如果不；除非"；unless＝if…not，句中"unless fully covered"为"连词+省略结构"，补充完整为"unless you are fully covered"可转换成"If you aren't fully covered"理解，根据句意及逻辑关系"外面非常冷"可推知"如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服会很冷．"B项符合语境．故选：B．【点评】本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析．解答此类题目首先要理解题干的意思，其次要知道各选项的意思，然后依次把各个选项意思放入句子根据语境，不难选出正确答案．关键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多总结多记忆．17．（1分）The university started some new language programs to __________ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt．（）A．apply to B．cater for C．appeal to D．hunt for【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】句意：这所大学开办了一些新的语言课程以满足国家丝绸之路经济带的需要．【解答】答案：B．apply to意为"向…申请；应用"；appeal to意为"对…有吸引力；呼吁"；hunt for意为"搜寻，猎捕，寻找"．cater for意为"迎合，满足需要；供应伙食"，其"迎合，满足需要"可使句意完整，符合逻辑，故选B．【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解此类词或短语辨析时，一要弄清句意，二要明白各选项的意思，从而选出符合句意的答案．18．（1分）It might have saved me some trouble __________ the schedule．（）A．did I know B．have I knownC．do I know D．had I known【考点】GB：倒装句；GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】它可能已省了我一些麻烦，要是我知道这个计划的话．【解答】根据主句谓语动词might have done，可以知道是对过去情况的假设，那么if从句中谓语动词则需用had done来表示对过去情况的假设，从而使得主从句保持一致．当虚拟条件句的谓语动词是助动词had时，if可以省略，从而将had置于句首，句子倒装．所以D选项正确．故选：D．【点评】此题考查虚拟语气中if省略倒装的现象．当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should（助动词），had（助动词）时，if可以省略，从而将were，should（助动词），had（助动词）置于句首，句子倒装．解此类题时，要根据语境、时间状语或主从句中的谓语动词形式，来判断是对过去、现在、将来三个时间里，哪一个时间的虚拟假设，再做题．19．（1分）The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down．（）A．wait on B．focus on C．count on D．call on【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】全队都寄希望于Cristiano Ronaldo，他很少令他们失望．【解答】wait on 意为"服侍，伺候"；focus on意为"集中注意力于…"；call on意为"拜访；号召"．count on意为"指望，依靠"符合题意，故选C．【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解词义辨析题时，首先要弄清句意，再来选择合适的词或短语．20．（1分）The real reason why prices __________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem．（）A．Were B．will be C．have been D．had been【考点】E2：一般过去时．【分析】过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意．【解答】答案A．根据句意和题干中的and still are 提示，可知过去的价格也一直居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态，故选A．【点评】用何种时态，可以根据句意以及题目中所给的提示进行判断和选择．21．（1分）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and __________ review of the case．（）A．comprehensive B．complicatedC．conscious D．crucial【考点】64：形容词词意辨析．【分析】警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底的、广泛的审查．【解答】答案：AA项是"综合的，广泛的"；B项是"复杂的"；C项是"有意识的，神智清醒的"；D项是"重要的，决定性的"．句中thorough和comprehensive为并列关系，故选A项．【点评】形容词词义辨析，只要分清句子中形容词词义即可．22．（1分）Some schools will have to make __________ in agreement with the national soccer reform．（）A．judgments B．adjustmentsC．comments D．achievements【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革相一致．【解答】答案B．make judgments意为"作出判断"；make comments意为"发表评论"；make achievements意为"取得成就"．make adjustments意为"作出调整"，结合句子的意思，"为了和国家足球改革相一致"，所以要"作出调整"，故选B．【点评】此题考查名词意思辨析．解此类词义辨析题时，需结合句意，辨清各选项的词义，从而选出正确的答案．23．（1分）﹣Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party？﹣Well，you know he's __________．（）A．an early bird B．a wet blanketC．a lucky dog D．a tough nut【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣你为什么不邀请约翰来参加你的生日派对呢？﹣﹣哦，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人．【解答】选项A an early bird 是指早起的人；选项B a wet blanket是指令人扫兴的人；选项C lucky dog是指幸运儿；选项D a tough nut是指难对付的人，这四个选项都是俗语，根据句意以及选项的意思，应该选择B．故选：B．【点评】做这类题目，首先要正确理解四个选项的意思，然后根据句意来选择正确的选项．24．（1分）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around __________ Thomas Edison．（）A．thanks to B．regardless ofC．aside from D．but for【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在收益的许多东西将不复存在．【解答】A选项thanks to"幸亏，多亏"；B选项regardless of"不管，不顾"；C选项aside from"除了，除…以外"；D选项but for"要不是"可用来表示虚拟条件，可用if条件从句代替．but for Thomas Edison＝if it hadn't been for Thomas Edison【点评】此题考查含蓄型虚拟语气．含蓄型虚拟语气常用without，but for引出，相当于If it weren't for…和If it hadn't been for…，其意为"若不是（有）""要不是"．25．（1分）﹣Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave．﹣I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my __________．（）A．requests B．excuses C．apologies D．regrets【考点】31：可数名词及其单复数．【分析】﹣﹣Dave，去向你妈妈说对不起．﹣﹣我想去，但是我怕她不会接受我的道歉．【解答】答案C A项是"请求"；B项是"借口"；C项是"道歉"；D项是"后悔"．由"say sorry"可知，此处应是"道歉"．故选C项．【点评】根据情景对话辨析名词词义，只要弄明白对话的意思即可．第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．26．（20分）I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel's books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on．The stories of his unconventional（36）　ideas　and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so（37）　amazing　to me and had such a big （38）　impact on how I saw life from then on．Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr．Bernie and his CDs again to ）（39）　getthrough　my own cancer experience？I'm an ambitious（40）　writer　，and when I started going through chemo （化疗），even though I'm a very（41）　positive person，I lost my drive to write．I was just too tired and not in the（42）　mood　．One day，while waiting to go in for （43）　treatment　，I had one of Dr．Bernie's books in my hand．Another patient （44）　noticed　what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me（45）　because he had one of his books with him as well．It （46）　turnedout　that among other things，he was an eighty ﹣year﹣old writer．He was（47）　actually a published author，and he was currently （48）　working on a new book．We would see each other at various times and（49）　became　friends．Sometimes he wore a duck hat，and I would tell myself，he was definitely a（n）（50）　fan　of Dr．Bernie．He really put a （51）　smile　on my face．He unfortunately（52）　passedaway　last year due to his cancer，（53）　but　he left a deep impression on me and gave me the（54）　inspiration　to pick up my pen again．I（55）　thought to myself，"If he can do it，then so can I．"36．A．tastes B．ideas C．notes D．memories37．A．amazing B．shocking C．amusing D．strange38．A．strike B．push C．challenge D．impact39．A．learn from B．go over C．get through D．refer to40．A．reader B．writer C．editor D．doctor41．A．positive B．agreeable C．humorous D．honest42．A．mood B．position C．state D．way43．A．advice B．reference C．protection D．treatment 44．A．viewed B．knew C．noticed D．wondered 45．A．while B．because C．although D．providing 46．A．came out B．worked out C．proved out D．turned out 47．A．naturally B．merely C．hopefully D．actually 48．A．deciding B．investing C．working D．relying 49．A．became B．helped C．missed D．visited 50．A．patient B．operator C．fan D．publisher 51．A．sign B．smile C．mark D．mask 52．A．showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away 53．A．since B．but C．so D．for 54．A．guidance B．trust C．opportunity D．inspiration 55．A．promised B．swore C．thought D．replied【考点】L1：记叙文．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响．之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友．在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔，以此告诉读者书籍给人带来积极的影响．【解答】36．B 考查名词．根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响．此处unconventional ideas意为"非传统的观点"与上句中"积极的人生观"呼应．故选B项．37．A 考查形容词．根据上文中"unconventional（非传统的）"和"unexceptional（例外的）"提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异．故选A项．38．D 考查名词．have an impact on为固定搭配，意为"对…有影响"．A项"打击"；B项"推，逼迫"；C项"挑战"；D项"影响"．故选D项．39．C 考查动词短语．根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作．但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期．A项"从…中获取经验，汲取教训"；B项"复习，仔细检查"；D项"提到，涉及，参考"；C项"渡过难关"；C项符合语境，故选C项．40．B 考查名词．根据下文中"I lost my drive to write"可知，作者是一名有抱负的作家．A项"读者"；B项"作家"；C项"编辑"；D项"医生"．故选B项．41．A 考查形容词．句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力．a positive person与I lost my drive to write构成让步关系，可推知，作者是一位非常积极乐观的人．故选A项．42．A 考查名词．根据语境作者因为病痛失去了写作的动力，感到太累，故可推知，作者心情不好．not in the mood意为"心情不好"．故选A项．43．D 考查名词．根据作者生病了，应该是等待治疗，可知，D项符合语境．故选D项．44．C 考查动词．由下文可知，另一位病人应是注意到了作者正在读的书．notice"注意到"．故选C项．45．B 考查连词．根据句意："该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书"可知，空处前后是因果关系，所以because表原因符合语境．故选B项．46．D 考查动词短语．A项"出现，出版"；B项"锻炼，解决，制定"；C项"证明是合适的，令人满意的"；D项"证明是，结果是"．"It turned out that"是固定搭配，意为"结果是…，结果证明…"；根据语境"除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家．"可知，D项符合语境，故选D项．47．D 考查副词．A项"自然地"；B项"仅仅"；C项"有希望地"；D项"事实上"；根据句意"事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书．"可知，D项符合语境，故选D项．48．C 考查动词搭配．A项decide on"决定，确定"；B项invest on"投资，花时间在…上"；D项rely on"依赖，依靠"；C项work on"从事，忙于"；根据句意"他目前在写一本新书"可知，C项符合语境．故选C项．49．A 考查动词．A项"成为"；B项"帮助"；C项"错过"；D项"拜访"．根据句意"我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友"可知，后来作者和那位病人时不时地见面，也就成了朋友，A项符合语境，故选A项．50．C 考查名词．A项"病人"；B项"操作员，接线员"；C项"粉丝"；D项"出版商"．根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的书迷．故选C项．51．B 考查名词．A项"标志，迹象，征兆"；B项"微笑"；C项"标记"；D项"面罩"．根据语境可知，作者原本心情不好，后来交了新朋友，心情也好转了，朋友的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑．故选B项．52．D 考查动词短语．A项"出现，露面"；B项"出发，动身"；C项"跌倒"；D项"去世（死的委婉表达）"．根据空前的"unfortunately"可知，作者的这位朋友去世了，D 项符合语境，故选D项．53．B 考查连词．A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因；根据句意"他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象"可知，前后两分句之间是转折关系，故选B项．54．D 考查名词．A项"指导"；B项"信任"；C项"机会"；D项"鼓舞，激励，启发"；根据空后的"pick up my pen again"可知，他给了作者鼓舞，作者重新开始写作．故选D项．55．C 考查名词．A项"承诺"；B项"郑重发誓"；C项think to oneself"自言自语"；D项"回答"；根据句意"我对自己说："如果他能做到，我也能"可知，C项符合语境，故选C项．【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定．第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．第三部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题4分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. 27．（4分）56．According to the Code，visitors should act　A　．A．with care and respectB．with relief and pleasureC．with caution and calmnessD．with attention and observation57．What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand？　C　A．Take your own camping facilities．B．Bury glass far away from rivers．C．Follow the track for the sake of plants．D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文大意不要携带任何有害新西兰的物品入境保护动植物恰当处理垃圾妥善处理排泄物保护水资源小心防火细心露营野炊不要另辟蹊径，有路走路处处留意【解答】56．A 推理判断题．根据文中的副标题可知，去新西兰旅游时不能携带任何危害到新西兰的物品，要保护动植物，处理好垃圾等可知，游客应该细心对待并尊重自然．故选A．57．C 细节理解题．根据文中keep to the track中的"keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plannts．"可知，在有路的地方要沿着路走，这样可减少对脆弱植物的破坏．故选C．【点评】对于有副标题的应用文，解题时应抓住副标题来理解文章的大意，节省解题的时间．28．（6分）In the United States alone，over 100million cell﹣phones are thrown away each year．Cell﹣phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole．Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver．A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration （含量）of gold and other precious metals was higher in So﹣called e﹣waste than in naturally occurring minerals．Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals．Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment．Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100times more，than the material contained in the finished products．Consider again the cell﹣phone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging（包装）it came in．Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well．The U．S．Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production，distribution，and use of products﹣as well as management of the resulting waste ﹣all result in greenhouse gas release．"Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start﹣for instance，buying reusable products and recycling．In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive （动机）for reducing waste．If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place？Governments'incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money．Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （气泡垫）that encased your television？From the governments'point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax﹣payers back to the producers．58．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that　B　．A．the weight of e﹣goods is rather smallB．E﹣waste deserves to be made good use ofC．natural minerals contain more precious metalsD．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e﹣waste59．The responsibility of e﹣waste treatment should be extended　B　．A．from producers to governmentsB．from governments to producersC．from individuals to distributorsD．from distributors to governments60．What does the passage mainly talk about？　D　A．The increase in e﹣waste．B．The creation of e﹣waste．C．The seriousness of e﹣waste．D．The management of e﹣waste．【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P6：作者情感态度．【分析】文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施．随着电子数码科技的进步，产生了越来越多的电子垃圾．手机、电脑和电子元器件等被越来越多地扔掉，里面含有像金银之类的贵金属，但也含有大量的有毒物质，作者详细地分析了造成这一问题的原因，并提出了坚决问题的建议和措施．【解答】58．B 推理判断题．文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃．紧接着第二段首句"Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver．"指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swiss study佐证这一观点，据此可知作者想要告诉我们，电子垃圾值得被充分运用．故答案选B．59．B 细节理解题．文中六、七、八段围绕"生产责任延伸"展开，最后一段做了总结．根据最后一段的"a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax﹣payers back to the producers．"可知处理电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到用户身上．故答案选B．60．D 主旨大意题．这篇短文主要讲述了电子垃圾被随意丢弃这一现象，文中详细分析了造成这一问题的原因，并提出了建议．故答案选D"电子垃圾的管理"．而其余三项都只是概括了文章的部分内容，并不能概括全文．【点评】健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文．阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等．同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等．由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解．文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题．29．（8分）Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer．Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved．For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate．To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract．People also volunteer because they are required to do so．To increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs．Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because it's important to me"）to an external factor （e．g．，"I volunteer because I'm required to do so"）．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future．People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activitiesa must．Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time？To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow﹣up studies in which they track volunteers over time．For instance，one study followed 238volunteers in Florida over a year．One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions．Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice．The researchers note that attention should be given to"training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience"．Another study of 302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view"volunteer"as an important social role．It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as"Volunteering in Hospital is an importantpart of who I am．"Consistent with the researchers'expectations，they found a positive correlation （正相关）between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer．These results，once again，lead to concrete advice："Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity…Items like T﹣shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity"．61．People volunteer mainly out of　D　．A．academic requirementsB．social expectationsC．financial rewardsD．internal needs62．What can we learn from the Florida study？　B　A．Follow﹣up studies should last for one year．B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared．C．Strategy training is a must in research．D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice．63．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work？　C　A．Individual differences in role identity．B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T﹣shirts．C．Role identity as a volunteer．D．Practical advice from researchers．64．What is the best title of the passage？　A　A．How to Get People to VolunteerB．How to Study Volunteer BehaviorsC．How to Keep Volunteers'InterestD．How to Organize Volunteer Activities．【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】文章分析了志愿者为何自发地去服务社会，研究者通过研究发现：人们做志愿者工作主要是出于内在的需求，因为他们需要这样做，志愿者身份的认可会激励他们继。

2015年高考英语全国卷2(全国新课标卷)与参考答案解析

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I leta salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model,I realized this a day late,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid,The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night,Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether .My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it. B .By turning it on and off. C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.24. How does the anthor sound when telling the story ?A. CuriousB. AnxiousC. CautiousD. HumorousBYour house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play arole in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights . Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating , for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food . If your home doesn’t have enough window light , get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors . Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites . In one study , people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . Warm colors like yellow make tood appear more appetizing , while cold colors make us feel less hungry . So when it’s time to repaint , go blue.Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories（卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes, And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down , turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishs, Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one ,total intake（摄入）jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC. house buyingD. healthy diets26.A home environment in blue can help people_________.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.e smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.28.What can be a suitable title for the test?A.Is Your Hourse Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?CMore students than ever cefore are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Serbice(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be stisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% d uring vacation periods,”he said.29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.30. According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year______.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He's puzzled.B. He's worried.C. He's surprised.D. He's annoyed.32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepaer for their graduate studies.DChoose Your One-Day ToursTour A-Bath & Stonchenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge-￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey,the Royal Crescent and the Costute Mtsan.Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years. Tour B-Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house一￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter.Oxford: Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”form St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace--£34 until March and £37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Mill’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle（entrace fees not included）. With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-£33 .until 18 March and £37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?A.Tour AB.Tour BC.Tour CD.Tour D34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?A.Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.B.Oxford & StratfordC.Bath &Stonehenge.D.Cambridge.35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?A.It used to be the home of royal families.B.It used to be a well-known mazeC.It is the oldest palace in BritainD.It is a world-famous castle.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

学生版)2015高考英语：专题五_动词时态和语态常考点

高中英语动词时态和语态常考点在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。

要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

1一般现在时一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。

用所给词的适当形式填空：①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)．③My train ________(leave) at 6：30.④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.⑤On the wall ________(hang) a picture.⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃.2一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。

现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now ＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。

高中英语真题-2015高考英语阅读理解、书面表达四月自练(3)

高中英语真题:2015高考英语阅读理解、书面表达四月自练（3）阅读理解。

(原创)“Did you come alone or with your parents? ”When Tsinghu a University’s new 2013 freshmen arrived on campus late last month, the first question they were faced with at the registrati on desk was the above. According to statistics, we know that more than half of the 539 students came alone. Chen Jining, president of , encouraged them to“start this new adventure by standing on your own two feet”. To help freshmen grow up, some universities have thought of new methods. At Tsinghua, for example, freshmen need to re gister and find their dormitory by themselves. The process req uires two to three hours, during which volunteers take parents on a tour of the campus. At , a banner hanging in the inform ation center says“Parents let go please; let us guide your children. ”“Often parents like to do things or make d ecisions for their children. In their eyes, children never grow u p, ”said Lu Guodong, dean(系主任)of undergraduate studies at Zhejiang University. “But at university, growing up is the goal for all students. Growing up is t he biggest success. In , students grow up too slowly as parent s are always in charge. Students never think about what path they should take and why, ”he said.Zhang Yanxue, a senior student studying Chinese language a nd literature at the Communication University of China, is pres ident of the Self-improvement Society. Although most students can finish the r egistration process by themselves, their parents usually prefer accompanying them to the university. “This is the third time I’ve welcomed freshmen and I didn’t see much change in that r egard, ”Zhang said. “The number of students who came alone is the same as in previous years. ”Sometimes, however, the distance between university and ho me is so great that many parents are too worried to let their c hildren travel alone. To reassure parents, Renmin University o f China introduced a new method. It asks senior students to re turn to their hometown and accompany freshmen back to the campus. This helps freshmen get used to living independently .“St udents should have an independent character and a dream . Learning how to use that independent character to achieve t heir dreams and finish tasks assigned by the country is very important, ”said President Chen.【文章大意】9月第一周, 各大高校已陆续进入开学季。

三年高考(2013-2015)英语试题分项精析版——专题07 非谓语动词(解析版) .doc

2015年高考英语分项解析精编版专题7非谓语动词1.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.A. wonderingB. wonderC．to wonder D．wondered2.【2015·北京】21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching.B.Caught.C.To catch.D.Catch【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。

这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。

故选C。

【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。

【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了…”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。

3.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,____themselves in the sunshine.A.having enjoyedB.enjoyedC.enjoyingD.to enjoy4.【2015·北京】31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted5.【2015·重庆】6.____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A.Being raisedB. RaisingC. RaisedD. To raise【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。

2015年高考英语真题分项解析：专题16+科普类说明文

专题十六阅读理解之科普类说明文1.【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Spac e Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Mean while your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。

2015年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解(附答案)

15年阅读第三部分 : 阅读理解 (共 15 小题 ; 每小题 2 分 , 满分 30 分)请阅读下列短文 , 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、 C、 D 四个选项中 , 选出最佳选项 , 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A56. According to the Code, visitors should act.A. with care and respectB. with relief and pleasureC. with caution and calmnessD. with attention and observation57.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?A. Take your own camping facilities.B. Bury glass far away from rivers.C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.D.Observe signs to approach nesting birds.15年阅读BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量 ) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into theenvironment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装 ) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ theproduction, distribution, and use of products —as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release."Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste atthe start —for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive ( 动机 ) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the firstplace?Governments'incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to dealwith the bubble wrap ( 气泡垫 ) that encased your television?From the governments'point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that.A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .A. from producers to governmentsB. from governments to producersC. from individuals to distributorsD. from distributors to governments60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste.B. The creation of e-waste.WORD格式--可编辑15年阅读C.The seriousness of e-waste.D. The management of e-waste.CSuppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to havevolunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand whypeople undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identifiedseveral factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to expresspersonal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthensocialrelationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish toattract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels ofcommunity service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately,these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e. g.,“ I v because it's important to me") to an external factor (e.g.,“ I volunteer because I'm required to do so"). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must besensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they trackvolunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. Oneof the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount ofsuffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to“ trainingmethods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them withstrategies for coping with the problem they do experience".Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differencesin the degree to which people view“ volunteer"as an important social role. It was assumed thatthose people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would alsobe most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the socialrole mattered by responding to statements such as“ Volunteering in Hospital is an important partof who I am."Consistent with the researchers'expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关 ) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “ Oncean individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts thatallow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen roleidentity".61. People volunteer mainly out of.A. academic requirementsB. social expectationsC. financial rewardsD. internal needs62. What can we learn from the Florida study?A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C. Strategy training is a must in research.D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A.Individual differences in role identity.B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C.Role identity as a volunteer.D. Practical advice from researchers.64. What is the best title of the passage?A.How to Get People to VolunteerB. How to Study Volunteer BehaviorsC. How to Keep Volunteers'InterestD. How to Organize Volunteer ActivitiesDFreedom and ResponsibilityFreedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens (雅典 ), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city washis pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world wasliberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once forall. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance,a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to giveto their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There hadto be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paidher citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative businesspossessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms.Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But, “ the excellent becomes the permanent,"Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to:“ Thecapacity (能力 ) of mankind for self-government."No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow inthis or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will doso sometime.65. What does the underlined word“ tyrannies"inhPa2r eferagrapto?A. Countries where their people need help.B. Powerful states with higher civilization.66.People believing in freedom are those who .A. regard their life as their own businessB. seek gains as their primary objectC. behave within the laws and value systemsD. treat others with kindness and pity67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.68. What does the sentence“ There could be only one result."in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Athens would continue to be free.D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?A. The author is hopeful about freedom.70.What is the author's understanding of freedom?A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.。

创造性思维能力在高考英语中的考查——参照PISA2021框架以江苏卷(2015—2019年)为例

The test of creative thinking in the NMET--Taking NMET(Jiangsu)(2015-2019)as an example in the
framework of PISA2021
作者：董新路[1]
作者机构： [1]华东师范大学教师教育学院,上海200062
出版物刊名：外语测试与教学
页码： 48-54页
年卷期： 2020年第3期
主题词：创造性思维能力;书面表达;高考英语江苏卷;测评
摘要：创造性思维能力是思维品质最核心的能力,在教育教学中理应得到重视。

高考作为考试评价体系中最重要的一部分,对教育教学有很强的反拨作用。

对于英语语言测试而言,写作部分能很好地体现学生创造性思维能力的发展程度。

因此,本文结合PISA2021提出的创造性思维测评能力框架,对高考英语江苏卷(2015—2019)的书面表达项目进行分析,判断其是否有利于考查学生的创造性思维,以期为以后书面表达题的命制提供一些建议。

2015年高考真题英语听力真题及听力原文附答案(全国卷)

W: No. It is too cold.
M: I think it is just right.
W: I’d prefer it a few degrees warmer.
Text 3
M: Now, let’s stop talking and get going. I need to be in my office in fifteen minutes, or I
M: Itleaves at ten. I’vemgointufitfetysleft.
W: You’d better hurry, or you won’t be able to catch it.
Text 2
M: Nice weather we’re having, don’t you think?
2015年高考真题英语听力试题、原文及答案（全国卷）
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅
读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What time is it now?
A. 9:10.B. 9:50.C. 10:00.
feel really tired.
M: Why don’t you go to see a doctor?
W:Yeah,IthinkIshould.ButIhaveareportduetomorrow.Ms.Jenkinsneedsitfortheboard
meeting next Monday.
2015年高考真题英语听力试题、原文录音稿及答案（全国卷安徽卷江苏卷福建卷）3/4