雅思真题写作班精讲班第11讲讲义
刘洪波雅思写作真经班(1)
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刘洪波雅思写作真经班 Grammatical Range and Accuracy
7 • uses a variety of complex structures • produces frequent error-free sentences • uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms • makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication • uses only a limited range of structures • attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences • errors can cause some difficulty for the reader
• uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task • attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy • uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for the task • may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader
雅思写作7.0课程讲义全
2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义主讲：刘巍巍第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文G：书信评分：以T ask 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument.The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument.People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe （严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。
雅思写作7.0课程讲义精编版
2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义主讲：刘巍巍第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文G：书信评分：以Task 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument. The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument. People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe（严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。
雅思口语讲义.pptx
感谢您的观看！
4这Biblioteka 回答还不够！• 口语不好的同学，会这样回答： • Umm…（脑袋开始发晕了） BMW…Well…BMW Mini Cooper…It…it looks small
but…small and…expensive…Umm… It costs expensive… Because it is cute so I want to buy… • 时间才过了30秒 • “That‘s all ?” 考官问。 • Emm… Umm… • ………………
两分钟开始了！
• 带着你的关键词：Car （no t moto/b icycle), Minicooper, Blue Medium Size, Fashionable, Attracting, Expensive, cannot buy now, convenience, show off, safety
7
两分钟开始了！
• 带着你的关键词：Car （no t moto/b icycle), Minicooper, Blue Medium Size, Fashionable, Attracting, Expensive, cannot buy now, convenience, show off, safety
• 套用背好的开头！ • It has been my dream car since I saw the movie “The Italian Job” two year ago,
in which Mini Cooper is the biggest star. • 接着串关键词！ • I would choose a car rather than a motor or bicycle because cars are perfect
Tytope王陆雅思听力高分班讲义
生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。
于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。
生命中，不断地有得到和失落。
于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。
然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？听力高分班讲义/ieltswang授课教师：王陆词汇检验生词SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-4Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.Questions 5-7Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.5. Sara requires aA. single room.B. twin room.C. triple room.6. She would prefer to live with aA. family.B. single person.C. couple.7. She would like to live in aA. flat.B. h ouse.C. studio apartment.Questions 8-10Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.8.The ______________ will be $320.9.She needs to pay the rent by cash or cheque on a ______________ basis.10. She needs to pay her part of the ______________ bill.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-14Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.11. When is this year’s festival being held?A. 1-13 JanuaryB. 5-17 JanuaryC. 25-31 January12. What will the reviewer concentrate on today?A. theatreB. danceC. exhibitions13. How many circuses are there in the festival?A. oneB. twoC. several14. Where does Circus Romano perform?A. in a theatreB. in a tentC. in a stadium Questions 15-20Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Questions 21-25Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.21. The man wants information on courses forA. people going back to college.B. postgraduate students.C. business executives.22. The 'Study for Success' seminar lasts forA. one day.B. two days.C. three days.23. In the seminar the work on writing aims to improveA. confidence.B. speed.C. clarity.24. Reading sessions help students to readA. analytically.B. as fast as possible.C. thoroughly.25. The seminar tries toA. prepare learners physically.B. encourage interest in learning.C. develop literacy skills.Questions 26-30Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.26. A key component of the course is learning how toA. use time effectively.B. stay healthy.C. select appropriate materials.27. Students who want to do the 'Study for Success' seminar shouldA. register with the Faculty Office.B. contact their Course Convenor.C. reserve a place in advance.28. The 'Learning Skills for University Study" course takes place onA. Monday, Wednesday and Friday.B. Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.C. Monday, Thursday and Friday.29. A feature of this course isA. a physical training component.B. advice on coping with stress.C. a detailed weekly planner.30 . The man chooses the 'Study for Success' seminar becauseA. he is over forty.B. he wants to start at the beginning.C. he seeks to revise his skills.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31 and 32Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 33-37Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Question 38Choose TWO letters A-G.Which TWO facilities did the students request in the new Union building?A. a libraryB. a games roomC. a student health centreD. a mini fitness centreE. a large swimming poolF. a travel agencyG. a lecture theatreQuestion 39Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Which argument was used AGAINST having a drama theatre?A. It would be expensive and no students would use it.B. It would be a poor use of resources because only a minority would use it.C. It could not accommodate large productions of plays.Question 40Choose TWO letters A-E.Which TWO security measures have been requested?A. closed-circuit TVB. show Union Card on entering the buildingC. show Union Card when askedD. spot searches of bagsE. permanent Security Office on siteSECTION 4I hope that this first session, which I’ve called An Introduction to British Agriculture, will providea helpful background to the farm visits you’ll be doing next week.I think I should start by emphasizing that agriculture still accounts for a very important part of this country’s economy. We are used to hearing the UK’s society and economy described as being ‘industrial’ or even ‘post-industrial’, but we mustn’t let this blind us to the fact that agriculture are its supporting industries still account for around 20% of our Gross National Product.This figure is especially impressive, I think, when you bear in mind how very small a percentage of the UK workforce is employed in agriculture. This is not a recent development – you would have to go back to 1750 or so to find a majority of the workforce in this Country working in agriculture. By the middle of the next century, in 1850 that is, it had fallen sharply to 10%, and then to 3% by the middle of the twentieth century.And now just 2% of the workforce contribute 20% of GNP. How is this efficiency achieved? Well, my own view is that it owes a great deal to a history, over the last 50 or 60 years, of intelligent support by the state, mainly taking the form of helping farmers to plan ahead. Then the two other factors I should mention, both very important, are the high level of training amongst the agricultural workforce. And secondly, the recognition by farmers of the value of investing in technology.Now, although the UK is a fairly small country, the geology and climate vary a good deal from region to region. For our purposes today we can divide the country broadly into three –I’ve marked them on the map here (indicates map).The region you’ll get to know best, of course, is the north, where we are at present. The land here is generally hilly, and the soils thin. The climate up here, and you’ve already had evidence of this, is generally cool and wet. As you will see next week, the typical farm here in the North is a small, family-run concern, producing mainly wool and timber for the market.If we contrast that with the Eastern region, over here, the east is flatter and more low-lying, with fertile soils and a mixed climate. Average farm-size is much bigger in the east, and farms are likely to be managed strictly on commercial lines. As for crops, well, the east is the UK’s great cereal-producing region. However, increasingly significant areas are now also given over to high quality vegetables for supply direct to the supermarkets.The third broad region is the west, where it’s a different story again. The climate is warmer than in the north and much wetter than in the east. The resulting rich soils in the west provide excellent pasture, and the farms there are quite large, typically around 800 hectares. The main products are milk, cheese and meat.So, clearly, there are marked differences between regions. But this does not prevent quite a strong sense of solidarity amongst the farming community as a whole, right across the country. This solidarity comes in part from the need to present a united front in dealing with other powerful interest-groups, such as government or the media. It also owes something to the close co-operation between all the agricultural training colleges, through which the great majority of farmers pass at the beginning of their careers. And a third factor making for solidarity is the national structure of the Farmers’ Union, of which virtu ally all farmers are members.Finally in this short talk, I would like to say a little about the challenges facing farmers in the next …场景机经图书馆I got the grade of (A plus) in my previous studies.Dina didn‟t attend the lecture because (It was cancelled )Dina advised against? a book by JespersonOnce entering the library, you need to register your name and （departmental/parental address）Students may make use of recall system and（a pink slip）（注：这里pink slip 指代书板）if you want to hand books or make inquiries, you may go to the （information desk）Students will be fined 违反规定需要罚款（25 pence）if they violate the rules.用图书馆的目的make （summaries）（另有答案填：essay plans / advice to essay）写essay 要列出（documents）documental …..exchange draft and （get/give feedbacks）（王陆提醒大家注意复数形式）录制录像21. People include : ……, ………, and ( students)22.Title: （A College Tour）23. 分工：（designer & writer）24. 下一次讨论的时间：Thursday25-26. 拍摄内容：（city overhead view）城市鸟瞰, （college close-up）校园特写27．Interviewee（采访对象）: （teacher）28—30.选择：为什么采访普通教师不采访校长？28.第一个原因是选：C hard to approach （注意：校长难以接近）29.第二个是因为季节关系，影响作品质量,选：C quality30.第三个是想做成何种形式？选：B clear & informative （知识性的）学习The importance of study is not in exams; the most important is to:21.（enjoy your courses）22.（learn well）23. 考试之前要做好plan，需提前（6 weeks）24. 还要revision 要求：（immediately and regularly）25. 制定plan 要考虑到emergencies 和（breaks）的时间26. 若24 小时不复习，那所学的东西将忘记（80%）（数字先有个学生大概说了60%，是陷阱，后来老师说是80%）27-28 cramming the test (填鸭式的复习)的坏处是造成：27. (added panic)和28. (lack of sleep)29 科技课程中还包括：(biology) 新题目是：Review topic and decide on (order/priority)30 持续学习多久人就会累？(75 minutes)Section 321—24) Gap Filling:21. Occupation (cashier)22. How much to spend per week shopping (50 pounds),23. Where often go（big department store）24. What is difficult to buy (jeans)25—27)是一个圆形图, 反映消费的三种方式：25. 50%的人每月消费(45镑)26. 15%的人每月花(75镑)25. 35%的人每月花(20镑)28—30)填空：28.29.30.集体反映什么最难买（books, sportswear, trousers）Section 321--22选择题（三选一）:21.来自9.7王陆老师03101的回忆：Kira chose the course because she 选：Bpleted her course in her home countryB.took 2-year course in her home countryC.wanted to study it原来的V29原题为：21. In her country Kira had: 选：BA.found her course difficultB.done 2 years for a courseC．complete a course22. 来自9.7王陆老师03101的回忆：In order to be successful in her study, Kira should 选CA. write fasterB. read fasterC.change her way of thinking (critical)原来的V29原题为：22. To succeed with assignment Kira had to: 选：AA. chang her way of thinking (这次王陆老师给大家统一了答案：)B. read fasterC.write faster23—25）填空完成句子题：Kira says that lectures are easier to 23. (approach) than in her home country.Paul suggest that Kira may be more 24. (familiar) than when she was studying before.Kira says that students want to discuss things that 25.(interest) them very much.26—30) 简答题（NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS）：26. How did the students do their practical session?（与王陆老师的回忆一致）( in small groups)27. In the second semester how often did Kira work in a hospital? （every second day）28. How much full-time work did Kira do during the year? (2 weeks )29. Having completed the year, what did Kira feel? （much more confident）30. In addition to the language, what do overseas students need to?（the education system）Section 3全是选择题21. Where have three students been to? 选：A the same lectureA the same lectureB the different lecturesC Coffee22. What is Jane‟s problem ? 选：want to write down too much(Jane's difficulty to take down everything is Jane always attempts to write down too many things)23. Ian has the same problem？: 选borrow notes from his friends(Ian 也不行Ian always borrows other's notes /borrows notes from friends)24. Sally 是记笔记高手所以Ian问她对用recorder把lecture 的内容录下来回去再听整理笔记有何看法recording tape is？选：waste of time25. 接着她开始介绍经验要用活页本, 不能像Jane 那样, 而Jane用什么记笔记? 选B. spiral notebook26. 回去以后她会立即复习选：C.review promptly27. Sally说同时要taking headings, to help to review便于复习考试28. According to Ian, how can he emphasize? 选: repetition29. Where to take notes?选: margin or overhead30. Sally说要用abbreviationSally said that选: abbreviation is the best way to space out for saving timeSection 321-- 23）填空题：21. （Teacher）22. Students have （5）minutes to ask questions.23. The presentation won‟t be（assessed）24—27）搭配题Matching：A. 肯定will do in presentationB. 可能may do in presentationC. 不会will not do in presentation24. Geographic Location ――A.25. Economics――B.26. Education History－－A.27. Language――C.28—30）图表题Table：3选1：21. Hiroko说那个topic他上次已作过一次presentation,显然选: He was not nervous about it.22. Spiro说其他人很奇怪, they just read out their notes,没新意. 她的作法应该是比他们要interesting一点，选: interesting23. What did Hiroko feel about his presentation? 选：BA. he is not confident (显然不对，他已有经验了，He was not nervous)B. he is unsatisfied(原文说“he feels no sense of satisfaction.”)C. he feels no sense of relief.24. What did Spiro feel about her presentation? 文中说其他人热烈讨论把她甩在一边.选：C. She found others know each other well. (她跟其他人不熟，所以她很难介入discussion。
新概念英语第二册Lesson11Onegoodturndeservesanother讲义
新概念英语第二册Lesson 11One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never【课文翻译】I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来。
Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作，而现在正在一家银行上班。
He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.他的薪水很高，但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。
Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.托尼看见了我，就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前。
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。
要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。
普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。
两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。
类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。
一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。
学术类写作TASK 1（ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE）要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
时间20分钟。
普通培训类写作TASK1（GENERAL TRAINING MODULE）则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
20分钟内完成150个字的文章。
总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。
评分标准The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: ? 1.T ask Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position isclear and effective)2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) ?3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task.Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2For example: Task1 =6Task2 =7Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7= 6.5Unit 2 曲线图1.描述上升的单词increase rise grow go up词汇升级：creep up ≤10edge up 10 ease up 20boom 30 surge 45 soar 60 swell 70 escalate 80 rocket 902．描述下降的单词decrease drop decline fall go down词汇升级：creep down ≤10edge down 10 ease down 20ebb 30 subside 45 slump 60 collapse 70 plunge 80 plummet 903．描述波动的单词fluctuate --- fluctuation go up and down rise and fall例：Sales of Computers 1995There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from Jan to Feb. However, they increased dramatically to a peak in the next month. After that, there was a downward trend in sales between Mar and Aug, which leveled off by the end of Dec.Task 1每部分的结构:例题分析example 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the number of passengers in a London underground station at different times of the day.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.Number of passengers at a London underground stationThe line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.开头段三种万能方法：①改单词②换句型③加信息The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 2 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6 pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning (around 08:00) and early evening (around 18:00) periods.例题分析2:Sample 2WRITING TASK 1---“例2”You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the annual amount of fish caught in North America from 1972 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.line graph with two linesThe graph reveals changes in fish catches for the US and Canada over the last 30 years.Between 1975 and 1981, US fish catches averaged between 2.5 and 2.75 million tons per year, while Canadian landings fluctuated between 600,000 and 900,000 tons. …In 1981, however, there was a significant increase in fish caught in the US, and this rise continued and peaked at 5.6 million tons in 1991. During the same period, Canada's catch went up from 1 million tons to 1.6 million tons, a growth of over 50%.From 1991 onwards, a sudden decline in fish catching was reported in both countries. US figures plummeted to 4 million tons in 2001, a drop of 28%, and Canadian catches plunged to 0.5 million tons, a decrease of 66%. In the following four years, US catches remained stable at 4 million tons, while Canadian catches rose and fell around the 0.5 million tons mark.In general, fish catches have declined drastically in both the US and Canada since the early 1990s. Although Canadian production was much lower, it echoed US figures, declining or increasing at thesame rate.习题③You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.The line chart illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb andchicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams) However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreasedover the period.★考试高分必备表 3——Phrase。
雅思写作学习课件-2018-11-01
2014年11月1日雅思写作考题作文及解析Writing task 2:It is better for people to be unemployed than to be employed without a job they enjoy. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Sample answer:People work for different reasons. Some work for fun, because they get an enjoyable job; however, some others have to do a job they do not like for living. Then, some people come up with the idea that it is better not to be employed, if they do not enjoy doing it. Personally, though this idea sounds attractive, it cannot bear closer analysis.First of all, everybody has to make a living which requires earning more or less income to cover daily expenses. Doing a job and getting paid provides such financial resources for most people. For example, living in cities can be expensive, not to mention big cities, such as London and New York. Even if living in a small town, you have to buy basic necessities of life. To afford to live in this world, you have to be employed, so it is not a matter of personal choice.Secondly, since one must be employed by others or self-employed, why not work with a positive attitude. Everybody has the right to choose what kind of job he/she does, so first choose a job you enjoy, if you can. If you have to do a job that you dislike, try to see the positive sides and think what this job can bring to you. As a result, you often may find the happiness in the job. The statement to be unemployed because of not enjoying doing a job is more about escaping.Thirdly, it happens in some countries that some people do not get employed and use the excuse of not being happy doing their job. These people rely on the money from their parents’ or the welfare of the government. For example, some young people do not go to work and live a luxurious life in China, because they are from a rich family. These people have earned a nickname of “the rich second generation”, and they are actually avoiding their responsibility as a valuable member of the society. Furthermore, because they do not have regular work to do, their life is more hopeless and in vain than those poor people who work hard with low pay. In conclusion, I disagree with the idea to choose to be unemployed just because of not enjoying doing a job. Having a job and making a contribution to the society is the responsibility for every citizen to do.解析：本题很容易把be employed理解得过于狭隘，其实就是就业的意思，而不能仅仅理解为雇佣，比如，自己创业，做一个农民或者个体劳动者都是属于be employed 的范围。
雅思真题写作班精讲班第1讲讲义
雅思真题写作班精讲班第１讲讲义最新真题播报雅思写作考试议论文对中国考生的难点(The Hurdles in IELTS Writing Test)2007年－2008年最新真题播报Schools offer a wide range of courses, such asphysical education,music,economics,philosophy,math,English，geography,physics and history. Of all these subjects, which one do you think isthe most important and which one is the least impor tant?Some people think imported food exerts positive impact on our lives.To what extent do you agree?An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.”Some people think individuals and society should pay more attention to the future than to the present. Do you agree? An increasing number of people choose to live in big cities. What problems will this cause? Should the government enco urage people to livein small towns?Some people think humans can exploit animals for any purpose that they need while others disagree. What is your opinion?Unemployment is increasingly serious in many countries. Some people think students only need to get primary education while others think secondary education is necessary. To what extent do you agree? Old generations often hold some traditional ideas on the correct way of life, thinking and behavior. Most people argue that it is not helpful for the young generations to prepare for modern life in the future.What is your opinion?Some people think to lower the crime rate, criminals should be given longer terms in prison. To what extent do you agree?Some people believe children spending time on TV, video and PC games is good while others believe that is bad. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.We can see more image of disasters and violence shown on TV. What are its causes and what effects will they exert on the individual and society?经典结构回忆I 3-4II 1+4III 1+6IV 2。
2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 11_(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案)
Unit 11 Effective CommunicationA FAMOUS QUOTE Think like a wise man but communicate in the language of the people.——William Yeats 像智者那样思考，像大众那样交流。
——威廉·叶芝 William Yeats （1865-1939）, Irish poet, playwright, and perhaps the greatest poet of the 20th century.He won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1923 and was the leader of the Irish Literary Renaissance. 威廉·叶芝（1865-1939），爱尔兰诗人、剧作家，可能是20世纪最伟大的诗人。
叶芝曾经赢得1923年的诺贝尔文学奖，他是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动”的领袖。
Speaking ActivityTalking about Future EventsSample Dialogue Read the following conversation.Pay attention to how the speakers talk about future events. Jack: Are you going to London next week? Ann: Yes. Jack: It's rather cold there. Ann: Yes.I'm afraid I couldn't fall asleep at night. Jack: Have you reserved a hotel? Ann: Yes.Holiday Inn. Jack: Holiday Inn is offering a human bed-warming service at three hotels in Britain this month. Ann: A human bed-warming service? Jack: Yes.If requested, a bed-warmer at the hotel will dress in a fleece sleeper suit before slipping between the sheets. Ann: That sounds great, but I hope the warmer will shower first.Guided Practice Directions: Ask your partner what he/she plans to do during the coming vacation.You may use the following tips to help you. Are you going to…next week? …is offering…service How long will you stay…? I will…for… That sounds great, but I hope...Text ANew Word 1、frustrated adj.feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want 懊恼的；沮丧的 2、anxious adj.feeling worried or nervous 焦虑的；忧虑的；担心的 3、essential pletely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity 必不可少的；极其重要的 4、co-worker n.a person that somebody works with, doing the same kind of job 合作者；同事 5、passively adv.accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them 消极地；被动地 6、establish v.to start having a relationship, especially a formal one, with another person, group or country 建立（尤指正式关系） 7、tip n.a small piece of advice about something practical 指点；实用的提示 8、nonverbal adj.not involving words or speech 不涉及言语的；非言语的 9、percentage n.the number, amount, rate of something, expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100; a part or share of a whole 百分率；百分比 10、tone n.the quality of somebody's voice, especially expressing a particular emotion 语气；腔调；口吻 11、facial adj.connected with a person's face; on a person's face 面部的 12、truthfully adv.giving the true facts about something 真实地；如实地 13、manner n.the way that somebody behaves and speaks towards other people 举止；态度 14、signal n.a movement or sound that you make to give somebody information, instructions, a warning, etc.信号；暗号 15、point of view n.the particular attitude or opinion that somebody has about something 观点；态度；意见 16、echo v.to repeat what somebody else has just said 重复（别人的话） 17、rephrase v.to say or write something using different words in order to make the meaning clearer 换个说法说，改变词句 18、perform v.to do something, such as a piece of work, task or duty 做；履行；执行 19、technique n.a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skills 技巧；技艺；工艺 20、temptation n.the desire to do or have something that you know is bad or wrong 引诱；诱惑Phrases and Expressions 1、be aware of to know or realize something 知道；意识到 2、be responsible for to be the cause of something 作为原因；成为起因 3、put…aside to ignore or forget something, usually a feeling or difference of opinion 忽视；不理睬；忘记Text A Active ListeningPre-reading Questions 1.Have you ever found yourself turning a deaf ear to your friends? 2.What kind of body language do your friends and yourself use?Active Listening Do you ever get frustrated when you realize that the personyou've been talking to was not really listening at all? Do others ever complain that you don't listen? Don't be too anxious if the answer to either or both questions is "yes". Although we may not be aware of it, many of us have poor listening skills, and strong listening skills are important for everyone, not only for second language learners.Good communication is essential to forming good relationships with people of all kinds, from family, friends and neighbours to co-workers, bosses and even government officials! We often focus on saying what we want to say in an effective way and forget that listening carefully to others is just asimportant.The good news is that we can learn how to improve our listening skills.One key to improvement is developing "active listening" skills.Much of the time we listen passively.By making an effort to listen actively, we can improve our learning skills and establish successful relationships more easily. Here are a few tips to help you start listening more actively: Firstly, never underestimate the importance of nonverbal communication."Nonverbal" simply means "without words".One study found that nonverbal factors were responsible for 93 percent of communication effectiveness.While not all experts agree that the percentage is as high as this, they do agree that nonverbal communication is extremely powerful.① So, when you listen to another person, pay close attention to their tone of voice, facial expression and body language.Sometimes, for example, a person's words may be positive but their nonverbal communication is not.When a person's words do not agree with their nonverbal signals, you may need to consider how truthfully they are speaking. Also, you can use nonverbal methods to encourage another person to communicate with you.Making eye contact, using friendly facial expressions and having a relaxed and open manner are all helpful.You can use nonverbal signals such as nods of the head or smiles to let the speaker know you are interested and truly listening withoutinterrupting their speech too much. Another key to active listening is having an open mind.Do your best to put your own feelings and opinions aside while you listen, and encourage the speaker to fully express their ideas.Try to imagine that you are in the same situation as the speaker.In this way, you will better understand their point of view. One more tip is to "echo" what the speaker has said.By repeating or rephrasing their words, such as by saying, "So, you feel unhappy" or "This caused problems for you?", you are performing two important functions of an active listener.One is showing the other person that you have been following what they have been saying, and the other is giving the speaker the chance to correct you if you have misunderstood.This technique is especially useful in highly emotional situations or situations where there is disagreement. Avoid the temptation to start talking about your own ideas or views.If you do that, you have stopped listening and started talking. Once you put your mind to listening more actively, you will find the practice has many benefits.②Key Sentences 1.While not all experts agree that the percentage is as high as this, they do agree that nonverbal communication is extremely powerful. 虽然不是所有专家都认同有这么高的比率，但是他们确实认为非言语沟通的作用不可小觑。
雅思强化写作精讲班第11讲讲义
雅思强化写作精讲班第11讲讲义辩论类范文Argumentation 辩论类范文开头段⑴Advertising has become prevalent in the contemporary society and vast billboards, TV commercials and flyers are all exerting profound impact on modern life. ⑵In the meantime, whether advertising is a blessing or a curse has sparked spirited debate. ⑶Some people argue that advertising has only beneficial influence on our liveswhile many others contend that it has detrimental effect as well . ⑷ Personally, I am in favor of the former (latter) view.表示利与弊的英文： advantages and disadvantages strengths and weaknesses the upside andthe downside pros and cons boons and banes主体段1 Admittedly, advertising may also carry considerable potential drawbacks . ⑴To begin with, a vast number o fonline advertisements may harm the Internet users’ lives. ⑵ To illustrate, email spamming may fill up one’s email box with junk emails and worse yet, many of these junk emails could destroy PCs with viruses or Trojanhorses. ⑶ Moreover, a high percentage of advertisements in the media are misleading ones . ⑷Today, it seems that many drug companies give false information about their products, which has rendered a host of customersafraid to buy medicine.主体段2 Despite this, advertising has brought numerous benefits. ⑴ In the first place, advertisements inform us about the latest products on the market. ⑵ In general, with the help of ads, customers can make shopping moreeconomical and less time-consuming .⑶ In the second place, elaborate advertisements can be a genuine art form . ⑷ Indeed, instead of wasting our time, creative ads can afford us diverse amusements , thereby immensely brightening up our lives. ⑸ Last but not least, some advertising in the media can motivate people tocontribute to charities . ⑹ As a matter of fact, I would be hard-pressed to imagine how charities can get enough funds without the help of non-profit ads.结尾段⑴ In the final analysis, I concede that the proliferation of the advertising industry does not come without someadverse effects . ⑵ However, the benefits created by advertising far outweigh the disadvantages. ⑶ Overall, Iam convinced that we should further promote the development of advertising and meanwhile get this industrytter-regulated . be Some people contend that advertising has positive impact on society while others think it also has negativeinfluence. Discuss.QQ:。
雅思写作大作文专用讲义
第一讲雅思写作考试对中国考生的四个难点(Chapter 1: The Four Hurdles in IELTS Writing Test)难点一: Academic Writing 学术类写作问题的特殊要求(改错练习) 1. Since private companies don't care much about the public interests, so the government has a significant role to play in scientific research. (不能缩写)2. Why these travellers damage the environment should be analyzed. (英式美式拼法不能混用)3. We must do our best(utmost) to protect (preserve) animals. (词汇用法太嫩)4. It is clear (manifest) that pornographic shows do harm to (undermine, endanger, jeopardy) the lives of lots of youngster (adolescent).词汇,专有特定的修饰5. Nowadays (In present-day society), human beings face big challenges in many areas.6. In these day and age, many companies have replaced telephone with internet.7. We are confronted with many environmental problems. They are becoming more and more serious. (句式,语法)8. The traffic problem is becoming worse. We must work together to solve it.(句子结构)9. So individuals, communities and the government all must work hard tofight crime! (不应该带感情色彩)10. We must be friendly to other because the Bible said, "Treat your neighbors as you would like to be treated." (文化背景,圣经不可用)难点二: No specific topic pool. 题库大,没有公开,而且题目变化多.对策:掌握思考素材的四种方法对策: 雅思写作"语法的七宗罪"改错练习1. Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employee. (n.可数不可数)2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. (v.原型不可做主语)2.2 Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. (被动语态)Poor children can face problems when they grow up.2.3 The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve. (主谓一致)2.4 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar. (时态)3. Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers. 副词4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globalization may create. 介词4.2 The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.5. Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.6. These old buildings should be destroyed, new buildings must be constructed. 逗号7. These are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.补充材料IELTS 作文复杂句的七种内部关系(Seven possible relationships Underlying a complex sentence)Cause and effect因果关系标志词1)表示原因的because, as, since, due to, owing to (画横线的连接词请重点掌握)2)表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),As a consequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的),As a result…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果) so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment. 生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此,我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染.Exemplification 举例关系标志词…is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比如…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例证…)e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. TakeChina for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以中国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时候,通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影. Comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contraste.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could oftenperform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧X,而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务.e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.Concession 让步关系标志词Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.2 Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的,尽管很枯燥和机械.3The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.Definition 下定义关系标志词A is best characterized by…( A 最明显的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen observations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,毅力和敏锐的观察.Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.Supposition假设论证, 标志词provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…)only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要) if…, suppose that…e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.e.g. Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.Modification 修饰关系标志词that, which, whoIn this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly likethe buildings our ancestors built.Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.补充资料IELTS 写作考试的常用模板和句型进步类1) In contemporary society, the human race is advancing at an unprecedented rate in a multitude of arenas.=in many fields. 在当今社会,人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展.2) Today we have embarked upon the …era. 今天,我们已经进入了…的时代.We have embarked on the information era. –he has embarked on the road of committing crimes.3) Since the advent/arrival of the…era… 随着…时代的到来…例句:Since the advent of the information era, our efficiency at work has been greatly enhanced.随着信息时代的到来,我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高.例句 2 With the advent of the information era, school education has undergone profound changes at an accelerated rate.倒退类4) But A is accompanied by B 但是伴随着…(某种好现象)的到来,某种坏现象也出现了.例句:But the proliferation of English is accompanied by the extinction of many lesser-known languages.但是随着英语的广泛传播的是大量小语种的消亡.5) Accompanying all the advantages brought about by the profound social changes have come some sufferings; and …is very prominent among them. 随着深刻的社会变革带来的种种好处,出现了很多问题,…是其中很显著的一个.Please analyze causes of traffic congestion, and give some solutions. Accompanying all the conveniences brought about by violent social changes have come some negative effects, and traffic congestion is the most pressing one / the most serious one.6) With the incidence(发生率) of …hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. …的发生率居高不下,这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉.Traffic offenses have become a problem confronting modern people, please give some suggestions of how to deal with it effectively.With the incidence of traffic accidents hovering at high level, many people, especially sociologist and anthropologist, have shown great concern.7) In this day a nd age, it is standard practice for … to do something. 今天,某些人做某事是很普遍的.例句:In this day and age, it is standard practice for parents to rush around all day busying themselves with their work. Many of them cannot spare some time to take care of their children,which has led to some serious social consequences. This essay will make some analysis concerning this phenomenon.8) Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注.Juvenile delinquency is an issue/topic worth our concern / discussion / analysis.Efforts will be made to analyze this topic in this essay.9) The issue of … has been thrown into sharp focus. …引起了人们的强烈关注.例句:Soaring car ownership has thrown the issue of car accidents into public attention / widespread concern.10) Howev er, there is no consensus on …yet. 或者people hold divergent /contrasting/conflicting view on… 或者people are divided over… 不同的人关于某个问题持不同的看法.例句:People hold contrasting views on animal experiments.人们对动物试验持不同的看法.Some people hold that the experimentation on animals is justified. However, others believe that this practice is a reflection of cruelty. From my perspective, it is advantageous to some degree whilst its drawbacks can never be overlooked. / As for some experiments, animals are irreplaceable subjects but I think we should be kind as possible as we can when carrying out these experiments. /I think this practice is to some extent cruel and unjust to animals but at least in the near future we cannotget rid of it completely.11) Something has been growing at an alarming/ staggering rate. 某事物正在以令人震惊的速度增长.例句:With the car ownership soaring in China, traffic accidents have been growing at an alarming/staggering rate. Accompanied by the dramatic development of society, women crimes have been growing at an alarming rate. Such a grave situation has aroused widespread concern, especially sociologist and educationists. In essay attempts will be made to explore the causes of this issue and provide some feasible solutions.12) Whether…has triggered /aroused heated debate / discussion.是否应该…引起了激烈的辩论Whether… is an issue open to debate 或者Whether…is a controversial issue. 例句:Whether student should appraise their teachers' performance is an issue open to debate.是否学生应该评价老师的教学是一个没有定论的问题.13) Some (people) assert/ argue/hold/maintain/claim/assume that… 有一些人认为…例句:Some people assert that relocating large companies to the countryside is the best way to resolve the traffic and housing problems in cities. 一些人认为把大公司搬到乡村是解决城市交通和住房的最好方法.14) …is largely fuelled by...某现象主要是被…所推动.例句:The proliferation of plastic bag is largely fuelled by the pursuit for lowercosts.IELTS 议论文主体段写作加分37句型前进类1 profit fromPeople throughout the world can profit from the advancement in motorized flight.Flight to transport fruits to places where there is no such fruits or not in season.Mobile phones can bring about some drawbacks such diseases. Whether we should avoid using mobile phones.People throughout the world / in every corner of the world can profit from the advancement of information technology. Nowadays we can keep in touch with each other and communicate with our friends or clients quickly by means of mobiles phones. However, some research reveals that mobile phone may cause some medical complaints and thus it is suggested that we should cease using them. In my viewpoint, the advantages of mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages.2 A is an integral /indispensable part of BAdvertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn.3,S omething plays a pivotal /key role in …It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success.4, Enable /allow somebody to do somethingCultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new societysuccessfully.5get accustomed to do something/adjust to /adapt toNew immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed.6Someone can have access to something 或者can access something 或者can utilize somethingIn this day and age, many individuals can have access to the Internet via /by means of computer or mobile phone.倒退类1…is attended by /…is accompanied byThe staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem.2The more…the more…The more vehicles on the road, the more traffic congestions to occur.3A can be attributed to B 或者B stems from AThe proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent enough.4be afflicted with/be plagued withIn present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty.5deprive someone of somethingModern cities deprive city-dweller of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.6something prompt/impe ls somebody to do…Peer pressure often impels youngster to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories.7A has rendered B + adj./noun 形容词或名词We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 其中We must ensure that..意思是我们必须确保…我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶.The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another.With the acceleration of living tempo, modern people are confronted with many physical and psychological problems. Among them, stress is the most prominent one. This has brought about numerous negative social consequences and aroused widespread concern especially among psychiatrists and sociologist. This essay focuses on exploring the causes and providing some ways to relieve stress.快节奏的生活让很多人彼此疏远.8A recent study conducted by the organization / association / institution /union / scientist reveal that…如果是教育问题用UNESCO如果是犯罪问题可以用the Ministry of Justice 交通问题可以用the Ministry of Transportation 建筑问题可以用the Ministry of Construction 环境问题可以HSUS and GreenpeaceA recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals in lab cages today.9 be addicted to /preoccupied with somethingIn present-day society, many individuals are addicted to /preoccupied with various forms of gambling.10 something is the chief culprit in 或者something is the root cause of …The population explosion is the chief culprit in water scarcity.11be confronted with somethingIn contemporary society, we are confronted with a large number of violent and pornographic TV shows.12 present/pose a threat to…In contemporary society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish poses a grave threat to humanity.13 be awash with/be inundated with somethingThe media are be awash with/be inundated with detailed crime coverage.14 if…something will ensueIf parents neglect their offspring, lack of discipline and respect will ensue. 15With the incidence of … hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.With the incidence of driving offenses hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.16something is unwarranted /unjustifiableExperimenting upon lab animals without trying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted/unjustifiable.中间类1…on the grounds that…Some others oppose to animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane.2 exert beneficial/ baneful/ profound influence on somethingIn this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live,play and learn.3 A prevail over / outweigh/ outbalance BThe advantages of imposing stiffer punishment on driving offender prevail over the disadvantages.4 A bring about/ generate/ breed/ engender/ spawn /induce B. Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economical and cultural arenas.5 A is a key determinant of BIn an individual's career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.6 It is manifest that …或者It is universally acknowledge that…It is manifest that globalization can also engender a host of banes to the lives of people in the third-world countries.解决类1 give priority to somethingThe government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resources.2 dedicated A to BThe government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty.3 be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows.4 something should be condemned rather than condoned(押尾韵) Indiscriminate copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned ratherthan condoned.5 it is imperative/ crucial/ key/ essential that… 或者something is of paramount/ overriding importance.To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture immediately.6 abide by/ comply withIt is essential that government pass more stringent laws to compel drivers to abide by/ comply with the law.7 something requires/ necessit ates /call for…The grave ecological problem requires/ necessitates/ call for joint effort of all the nations on the globe.8 distinguish between A and BMany youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.9 must ensure thatParents must ensure that they dedicate enough time and energy to their offspring.结尾段常用模板1) based on the above discussion, I am convinced that…(用于一边倒文章的结尾段)基于以上的讨论,我确信…2) In the final analysis, I concede that… However, ….On balance…(用于折衷式文章结尾段) 作为最后总结,我承认…但是…综合起来看… 3) The upside of something, outweighs its downside 或者the strengths of something,prevail over its weaknesses或者the pros of something outbalance its cons.某事利大于弊(如果弊大于利把顺序颠倒一下就可以了)IELTS 作文常用同义词人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind, Homo sapiens在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat破坏(及物动词)undermine, jeopardize, devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications危险(名词)perils, hazards, dangers明显的(形容词)manifest, apparent, evident, obvious从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about积极的,好的beneficial, advantageous消极的,坏的baneful, detrimental好处-坏处benefits, blessings, boons—banes, pros—cons, advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a vast number of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数)增进enhance代替improve 贫穷的impoverished代替poor保护preserve代替protect 富裕的affluent/wealthy代替rich污染contamination代替pollution 需要(及物动词)require, necessitate, call for第二讲十大全真版本X文,词汇与模板Education 类Some peoplethink students should be allowed to evaluate their teachers' job performance. Others believe that will lead to loss of respect and discipline. Discuss and give your own opinion.开头段(不少于4句)In this day and age, it is standard practice for business executive to fill out performance-evaluation forms to give their assessment of their subordinates' work. But when it comes to the evaluation of school teachers' job performance by their students, people hold divergent views. Some argue that students should be allowed to do so. Others contend that disrespect and indiscipline will ensue if students evaluate their teachers work. Personally, I believe both these two views have some merit.主体段1(不少于5句)Granted, there could be some possible drawbacks to students evaluating their teachers' work. First, if not well-managed, evaluation by the students may be completely worthless or even misleading. It is manifest that not all students would give their evaluation responsibly and some students may make mean comments. Secondly, some students criticize their teacher not because their teachers have a slack attitude about their job. Rather they do so because they dislike or even despise schooling.主体段2(不少于7句)However, encouraging students to evaluate their teacher can bring about more boons. In the first place, it is an effective means of motivating theteachers to improve their lectures.Teachers have to keep adjusting their teaching to measure up to the expectations of the student. In the second place, regular input affords the teacher objective and balanced ideas about their own performance. Without such feedback, it is hard for the teacher to have accurate assessment of their own teaching. In the third place, a measure of students' autonomy can make the student better prepared for their adult life. The student becomes better at decision-making and critical thinking.结尾段(不少于3句)In the final analysis, I concede that enabling the student to evaluate their teachers' performance might have some potential drawback. However, by averaging out student's appraisal and encourage them to evaluate responsibly can eliminate the downside of this practice. On balance, I am convinced that allowing students to evaluate their teachers is in the best interests of students, teachers, school administrators, and the society as a whole.教育类8分X文Children who grow up in families without large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with problems in their adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. Do you agree or disagree题目点评:这道题目是IELTS writing task2当中比较少见的"看着容易写好太难"的题目(很多IELTS作文题目看起来很难,写好却不一定特别难).首先要注意到区别"families without large amounts of money" 和"poor families" 这两个概念的差异,前者不仅仅指"low-income families" 还包括"middle-income families", 所以题目的意思和一些同学概括的"穷人的孩子早当家不同";另外一个误区在于因为这道题目和中国的文化比较贴近,很多同学会举过多的简单生活事例但是忽略了推理,论证缺乏深度.从论点上看,考虑到多数考生更熟悉中国的国情,肯定是totally agree 更好写,布什的内阁里面现在也有拉洋板儿出生的(不过美国的富豪的孩子当中牛人还是出了不少,四十三位总统里面也有大量的富家子弟,从整体上看西方有钱的家长更舍得让自己的孩子经历风雨).既然观点写一边倒,那么结果当然就是五段式――开头段转述题目+主旨句,主体段1讲一般家庭的孩子比富家孩子有更强的心理承受能力,主体段2讲一般家庭的孩子有更强的独立性,主体段3讲普通家庭的家长对小孩的要求往往更严格,几位段总结上三层意思.Thesis statement 和topic sentences (X文里用横线标明) 关键词:income gaps 指收入差距income inequality 指收入不均intergenerational 两代人之间的turn the table 是个idiom, 有点像中文说的"打翻身仗" offspring 孩子counterpart 相对应的人(或事务) meritocratic society 说白了就是"凭本事吃饭的社会"self-restraint 自制能力infancy 婴儿期frugality 勤俭financial strains 说白了就是缺钱,名词well-off/affluent (adj)/ well-to-do/ well heeled/ wealthy 自己管理自己,名词initiative 主动性well-acquainted 对某事很熟悉,mitigate缓解,要说解决问题,雅思里面词汇也特多tackle/ address/ solve resolve grapple with /combat 再加题目里面的deal with,大家挑着用啦It is widely accepted that we have been living in a "the rich get richer whereas the poor get poorer" age in terms of income gaps within a generation. However, to this day, there has been no consensus yet over the extent to which income inequality is intergenerational. Some contend that the offspring of low-income and middle-income parents can largely grow up manifest better problem-solving abilities during adulthood than their high-income family counterparts thereby turning the table socially and financially. Personally, I believe this is generally the case in any meritocratic society. (Thesis statement) First and foremost, children raised in household not in possession of a good fortune are conditioned early on in their lives to exercise self-control and self-restraint. These individuals learn from their infancy onward that not everything they crave will become theirs instantaneously. Every so often their wishes go beyond their parents' means and they have to come to terms with the resulting sense of frustration or rejection. Throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue. Consequently these children, for the most part, are apt to interpret scrimping and saving, emotional uneasiness, not infrequent financialstrains and menial first jobs as an integral part of life rather than a devastating ordeal. Hence they end up being better able to manage stress in their adult years and less likely to panic or get daunted when problems occur.11Further, children brought up by parents of low or middle economic status often grow up to be physically, mentally and professionally more independent than children brought up by affluent parents. It goes without saying that children whose parents are not particularly well-off are more likely than children of affluent households to know how to get the most out of a modest allowance, if they ever get such a thing at all. To the former group of children most desirable things in life have to be "earned"—that is, more often than not they must put forth great effort before their desire is fulfilled. On the other hand, busy, low or medium salaried parents translate into more autonomy and initiative on the children's part. This originally disadvantaged group becomes spontaneous and handy through crafting toy on their own, resourceful by cooking their own meals, tactful with coaxing their parents into buying them gifts, intelligent thanks to the absence of private tutors, savvy in doing summer jobs, and above all, unrelenting in pursuing their dreams. Lastly, non-wealthy parents typically have higher and more definite aspiration for their children than well-to-do parents. Well-acquainted with all thedisadvantages a meager or fair-to-middling bank account generates, many non-wealthy parents pin their hopes on their children to get their families upwardly mobile. These adults mostly have high behavioral, educational and (subsequently) occupational expectations for their children. As a result, they cannot afford to be permissive parents. Spoiling their offspring rotten is the last thing they care to do and they are always ready to discipline their children when they misbehave. They keep tabs on their children's grades at school and do not spare the rod when their offspring do not measure up academically. The odds of children raised in such rigorous environments having good problem-solving skills are apparently better than children raised otherwise. To conclude, the chief determinant of individuals' problem-solving skills is not the amount of money their parents can amass when they are little. Rather, hands-on experience in comprehending, analyzing, resolving, mitigating or circumventing problems is more essential to the cultivation of problem-solving abilities. Hence, I am convinced that families without great wealth are more advantageous to the development of individual capacity to tackle problems.Education 类词汇Education:1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student's physical, mental (或者用intellectual) andemotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/ talent 学习能力(后天学习到的)ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths2) 传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the students; thought 或者give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词)adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students' grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students' enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one's character 责任感a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背learn thing by rote.4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize equations, formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization' s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神team spirit(noun) 独立思考: think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈students' feedback 或者students' input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers' performance7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论只是theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare不是"福利"的意思)9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学,历史,语言学等)humanities 社会科学(包括政治,经济,社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐,雕塑等)arts 文科的总称也可以称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科(包括物理,化学,生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youthsEducation 类模板1 In this day and age, it is universally acknowledged that education is one of the key determinant of individual success. 众所周知,在当代教育是一个人成功的决定因素之一.2In contemporary society, education plays a pivotal role in individual development. 在当代社会,教育在个人发展中扮演着至关重要的角色.Technology & media 类科技类2/26 people today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole开头段(不少于3+1句)The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This。
雅思大作文ABC完整版讲义
• 题目确定A不确定C： 拓展结果 • 阐述一个问题或者一个好处：特定化 • 题目出现两个不同的事物 或者凑字数的时 候：对比 • 名词复数：举例 • 任何时候，都可以多解释原因和背景
• 情况1：确定A • Do you think it is a positive or negative development? • Do advantages outweigh disadvantages? • What effects does it cause? • 和部分do you agree or disagree的题目， Discuss Both views的题目 • 结构：A+思前+B+想细节+C+想后
混合题
• 报告类和观点类混合一起考
• • • • • 譬如说 Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development? NB 有时候，雅思会问 What problems does it cause? What are the solutions to this problem?
十大军规
• • • • • • • • • • • • 阶段I 套作文 1 不准滥用连接词 （moreover, in this way, for example 等）, 不准用套句和模板 2不准在开头段和结尾段浪费时间 （主体部分决定一切！） 3不准乱换词 （特别是小作文！除非你确定替换的词是对的）变化必死！ 4 不准写虚的东西 （什么陶冶情操、精神文明、男女搭配干活不累，不准 写！） 5不准凑字 （要具体解释，不准重复！） 阶段II 背作文 6不准背材料乱套（要注意审题） 7 不准用大词！ 大词必死！ 8 不准犯语法错误 （100句翻译反复做，lecture 1-4的资料都要做） 9 不准乱写从句 （特别是定语从句、分词、倒装等） 10 不准翻译大脑里所有的中文 （要用自己熟悉的表达和词伙！）不要翻译 ABC！
雅思写作单项提高班精讲班第11讲讲义
雅思写作单项提高班精讲班第11讲讲义四十三个高分句型（二）★★16 something is unwarrantedExperimenting upon lab animals without trying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted.17 at the expense of…We should not develop economy at the expense of the environment.中间类1 support (支持)/ oppose（反对）…on the grounds that…Some oppose animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane.2 exert beneficial / detrimental / profound influence on sth.In this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live , play and learn.3 A prevail over / outweigh / outbalance B.The advantages of punishment for driving offenders prevail over its disadvantages.4 A create / bring about / generate / breed / engender / spawn / induce B.Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economic and cultural arenas.5 A is a key determinant of B.In an individual’s career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.★6 It is manifest that…或者It is universally acknowledged that… Undeniably,..It is manifest that globalization can bring numerous benefits to the lives of people in the Third-World countries.7 It is standard practice for someone to do somethingIn contemporary China, it is standard practice for Chinese youths to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.8 A is best characterized by …A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and penetrating observations.9 A constitutes…Animal experimentation , in some cases ,constitutes cruel abuse of test animals.★10 someone would be well-advised to do somethingParents would be well-advised if they spend more time with their offspring.解决类★★1 give priority to somethingThe government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resources.2 dedicate A to BThe government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty.3 be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows.4 something should be condemned rather than condoned.Indiscriminate copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned rather than condoned.5 it is imperative / crucial / key / essential that…或者something is of paramount / overriding importance.To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture promptly(及时的).6 something requires / necessitates / calls for …The severe ecological problem requires / necessitates / calls for joint effort of all the nations on the globe.7 distinguish between A and BMany youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.。
环球雅思-三口全部讲义1-20
英语口译三级精讲班第1讲讲义一、背景1、翻译资格考试从2003年12月底开始实施的全国翻译资格（水平）考试（CATTI），英文叫China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters，缩写叫CATTI。
是由国家人事部委托中国外文局负责实施与管理的一个面向全国的翻译专业资格考试，分为7个语种4个等级（资深翻译与一级、二级、三级口译、笔译翻译）进行，不对报名者的学历、资历、职业做出限定，强调"以能力标准为核心"的翻译资格标准。
翻译专业资格考试,最重要的特点就是翻译资格认证的权威性。
此外，全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试独特之处是深化职称改革。
过去获得职称必须通过评审，现在，如果通过全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译或口译考试，就可以申请获得助理翻译职称。
助理翻译是翻译专业系列初级职称。
通过了二级笔译或口译考试，也可以申请翻译职称。
翻译职称是翻译专业系列中级职称。
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试的设立，旨在将来和一些得到国际公认的翻译考试资格认证的发达国家，进行资格的互相承认，比如英国、澳大利亚等英语国家都已经有了自己的翻译资格认证。
到那个时候我们的翻译资格考试证书就成为了一个“国际驾照”。
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级口译的基本要求是掌握5000个以上英语词汇，初步了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识，能胜任一般场合的交替传译。
2、英语口译实务3级考试英语口译实务3级考试含对话英汉互译（20%）、语篇英汉交替传译（40%，约500-650个单词）和语篇汉英交替传译（40%，约300-400个单词）。
考试时间为30分钟。
3、英语口译实务3级课程为了帮助大家提高口译实战的能力及备考的能力，我们开设这门3级“口译实务”课程。
本课程一共16个单元，内容按照3级考试的题型分为对话英汉互译和语篇英汉互译。
每个单元围绕一个主题展开，第一个主题就是“礼仪祝词”。
【讲义】刘洪波雅思写作真经班(1)
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 3: Some people said the government should not spend money on building theaters and sports stadiums. Instead, it should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or disagree?
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刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Coherence and Cohesion
7 • uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use • presents a clear central topic within each paragraph • uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical • may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately
原因1.现代人均寿命增长，生育期相应延后； 2.社会竞争压力大，选择事业收入稳定后生孩子。 影响1.父母与孩子的年龄差会变大，交流中代沟会明显； 2.会出现劳动力缺口，老龄化社会。
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 1: In order to learn a language well, we should learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
00015英语二课文精讲讲义(11)
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（11）Unit 11 Cyber World (网络世界)据不完全统计，全球网民数量接近25亿，而中国的网民数量已突破6亿。
比尔盖茨曾说过: The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. (互联网正成为明日地球村的中心广场)Text A Cyberlove (网恋)短文共9个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.variety: n 各种各样；vary: v变化，不同；various: adj各种各样的如：1). They are seeking financial support from various sources.2). The music itself has so much variety.2.romance: n恋爱； romantic: adj如：We thought that Egypt was an incredibly romantic country.arre: adj 奇怪的，异乎寻常的如：They saw a bizarre animal in the lake.4.potential: adj潜在的； n 潜能如：1).We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.2).The boy has great potential.5.intimacy:n 关系亲密；intimate:adj如：1). I discussed with my intimate friends whether I would immediately have a baby.2).Americans want intimacy at a distance.6.initial: adj最初的，开始的 n 首字母如：1). After she'd overcome her initial shyness, she became very friendly.2).D is the initial letter of the word day.7.perceive: v认为； perception: n 知觉，观念如：1). We have to change the public’s perception that money is being wasted.2). What do you perceive as the Seven Wonders of the World?8.literary: adj文学的； literature: n文学如：Literary works of this kind are well received by the masses.这样的文学作品很受群众欢迎10.inclination: n倾向，意愿；incline: v 趋向于，有。
11.11雅思考试大作文金长麟老师独家解析+范文
1.11雅思考试大作文金长麟老师独家解析+范文2020.1.11大陆雅思大作文原题Some people think that climate change could have a negative effect on business. Other people think that climate change could create business more opportunities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.今天的题库乍一看是老题，讨论气候变化是解决还是听之任之。
但是这样理解的同学就完了！因为目前雅思会给老题做很多变化，从而变成完全新的题目。
今天的题目过去5年都没有考过，并且根据19年的经验，考到经济讨论都有难度！本周的大作文真是不算对考生友好！这个题目大多数是倾向结构，支持带来更多问题。
其实就是在讨论气候变化的应对政策对商业带来的影响，以及气候变化的应对有可能带来新兴的商业发展。
气候变化的政策中常被大家提起的必入碳排放税，这就会提高商业成本带来负面影响。
而新能源产业的开发必然在未来对社会商业的结构和发展产生积极影响。
参考范文主体段落：（可以借鉴观点思路，不能借鉴词句）Climate change can be catastrophic to business development. Environmentalists are often confronted with the claim that stronger and more far-reaching environmental regulations will harm the economy by decreasing economic growth and increasing unemployment. As they see that many governments who are supportive to combat climate change are collecting the carbon emission tax to reduce the greenhouse effects. While such tax collection will accordingly raise the cost of doing business in many industries, which cannot be a gospel to the development of the social economy. For example, carbon taxes on air travel can well result not only in a reduction in long haul travel but also a spatial redistribution of activities, for the higher traveling cost may make mass tourism likely to continue to prefer destinations closer to home, which is not supportive to the development of global tourism.Some others who claimed that climate change can be positive to the business may have their reasons. They believe that new business, such new energy industries that can alleviate greenhouse effects, will boom when nations try to battle the disastrous effects brought by climate change, which can consequently bring more working opportunities to society and raise the governments’ revenue. But, unfortunately, this kind of burgeoning industry needs time to grow, and it cannot be as positive as we imagine the economic development of society.。
新东方雅思写作讲义
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: /yuweiguo/Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略___________________________________________________________________________________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version 5.7－Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the firs t man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it made little difference to people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.4.8)______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________ for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.2.5)Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2 )(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18)Some people hold the opinion that _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ While some argue that _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3 ) (4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? You should use your own experience to support your argument. (2006.2.18) According to some __________, air travel should be _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5) Some people believe that scientific research should be conducted by the government rather by private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.12.10)Some people propose that______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4 )(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? (2006.2.12)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?Average Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished.Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefullyteach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your opinion. (2006.6.24)From my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married?____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5 )Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs?____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6 )3. Report－Introduction写作对策Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out while people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why people do little action about it? Give your suggestions on how to solve this situation. (2005.12.3) Today, the phenomenon that ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern. In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1: The development of technologies is causing environmental problems. Some people believe that the solution is for everyone to adopt a simpler way of life while others say that technologies can solve these problems. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2009.2.12)Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to study hard when they are young. Do you regard the phenomenon as positive or negative? (2005.4.2)Exercise3: Topic－Today, in many countries, there is insufficient respect to old people. What are the reasons? What problems it might cause? (2006.7.8)欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: /yuweiguo/Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version 6.5－分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。
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雅思真题写作班精讲班第11讲讲义图表作文（二）You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The first chart below shows the results of a survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they traveled abroad and why they traveled for the period 1994-98. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.VISITS ABROAD BY UK RESIDENTS BY PURPOSE OF VISIT(1994-98)19941995199619971998 Holiday 15,24614,89817,89619,70320,700Business 3,1553,1883,2493,6393,957 Visits to friends andrelatives 2,6892,6282,7743,0511,181 Other reasons 9828961,0301,054990 TOTAL 22,07221,61024,94927,44728,828DESTINATIONS OF VISITS ABROAD BY UK RESIDENTSBY MAIN REGION (1994-98)Western EuropeNorthAmerica Other areas Total199419,3719191,78222,072 199518,9449141,75221,610 199621,8771,1671,90524,949199723,6611,5592,22727,447199824,5191,8232,48628,828You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the number of people at a London underground station from 6:00 to 22:00.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.Sample Essay 2The line graph illustrates the data about people at a London subway station from 6am to 10pm.As we can see from the line graph, the number of people using this station fluctuates over these 16 hours. More specifically, at first, at 6am the number of people at the station stands at only 100. Then, the number shoots up over the next two hours, peaking at 400 at 8am. After that, the number declines rapidly for two hours, bottoming out at 180 at 10am. The period between 10 o’clock and 12 o’clock experiences a slight growth in the number of people in the station, with the number reaching 280 at midday. Numbers in the following two hours level off at just under 300 people. From this point onwards, the number plunges to only 100 from 2pm to 4pm. The next two hours experiences a sharp rise again, with 6 pm arriving at 380 people. After 6pm,the number falls again, reaching the lowest point of 130 at 8pm. The period from 8pm to 10pm sees a slight rise, but finally the number of people declines again from 180 at 9pm to 135 at 10pm.Therefore, it can be clearly seen from the line graph that the most people use the subway station during the rush hours in the early morning and the early evening.图表题的规律图表作文必备词汇开头段转述题目常用句型The line graph describes / illustrates /demonstrates / summarizes / outlines / shows / indicates … 后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型According to / As shown in / As can be seen from …后面跟图表的类型, …It can be seen from …后面跟图表类型 that…或者 It is manifest/clear/ evident/ obvious/ apparent from the … that…表示上升的动词go up(went up) / rise (rose) / grow (grew) / increase (increased) / ascend(ascended) ，其中 rise和increase 也经常做名词，grow-growth表示急剧上升的动词jump(jumped) / surge(surged) / shoot up(shot up) / soar (soared)surge也可以做名词表示下降的动词decline / fall / drop / sink / dip / decrease / descend , 其中decline / fall / drop / decrease 也经常做名词表示急剧下降的动词plummet / plunge表示速度快的形容词sharp / dramatic / drastic /rapid / precipitous /steep副词加-ly表示幅度大的形容词marked / substantial / significant，副词加-ly表示缓慢，逐渐的形容词gradual / steady / gentle /slow，副词加-ly表示小幅度的形容词modest / moderate /slight , 副词加-ly表示波动的动词fluctuate ，不及物动词，名词fluctuation表示稳定在一个水平上的动词level off at / level out at / hover at / stabilize at / reached a plateau at 表示到达最高点的动词peak at / reach the highest point at，peak也可以做名词表示到达最低点的动词reach the bottom at / the lowest point at / bottom out at , bottom 也可以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词experience / witness / see表示到达多少数量的及物动词或词组reach / arrive at / amount to / hit / register / stand at表示占…(后面跟百分数或者数字)的及物动词或者词组account for / represent / constitute / make up表示数据由某几部分组成的及物动词或者词组A is composed of / comprise / is made up of / consists of B,C and D,表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词expect / project / predict / forecaste.g. The number of hamburgers sold is expected / projected to reach 100,000 in 2008.表示“分别”的副词respectivelyIn the 2004 Olympics, China and Chile won X and Y gold medals, respectively. 表示“大约”的副词或者词组about , around , approximately , roughly , just over , just underThe graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.Radio and television audiences in the UK, October – December 1992Sample Essay 3The line graph indicates the data of radio and TV audiences in 24 hours ( 6am to 6am the next day) in 1992.As can be seen from the line graph, there was a slight rise in the number of audiences from around 3% at 6am to about 7% at 8am. Then, from 8am to noon, it remained stable. After that, the number of audiences rose sharply until 8pm, peaking at just over 40%. From this point onwards, the number declined fast to around 4% at 6am the next morning.Then, according to the line graph, unlike the TV audiences, the number of radio audiences increased rapidly from 6am( 4%) to 8 am, reaching the highest point at 30%. Then, in the next 22 hours, the number decreased gradually, with a slight rise from 4 pm to 5pm and around 11pm.Therefore, it can be clearly seen from the line graph that before 2pm, the number of people who listened to the radio was larger than the number of people watching TV. After that, more UK residents chose to watch TV instead of listening to the radio. Overall, in these 24 hours, the TV audiences were larger than the radio audiences.The diagram below shows how The Australian Bureau of Meteorology Y collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.You should write at least 150 words.The diagram shows in four stages how the Australian Bureau of Meterlogy gets its weather information.In the first stage there is the “incoming information”. Raw data is collected from outer space, on land, or at sea, using satellite, radar, and drifting buoy respectively. Next, this data is analyzed and forecasted by experts. At this stage experts study satellite photos, radar screens, and synoptic charts to determine weather conditions. Stage three of the process is when the information is prepared for broadcast. This is done through computer which sends all necessary data to the fourth stage. At this point the weather data is broadcasted to the general public via TV, radio and telephone (recorded announcement).Thus, the process diagram shows how weather data is collected, studied, prepared, and finally broadcast.。