第三方物流文献综述及外文文献资料

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第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)

我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。

本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。

分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。

【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略1引言长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。

因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。

本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。

物流的定义在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方)流转到顾客(买方)的过程。

这就是物流的定义。

在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流运输工具等)的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。

此外,政府和物流组织的支持也不可或缺。

物流的三大主要功能(1)创造时间价值:同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。

在商品流转过程中,往往会处于某种停滞的状态,物流的专业术语就称之为储存。

储存创造了商品的时间价值。

(2)创造场所价值: 同种商品因所处位置的不同而有着不同的价值。

这种因商品流转过程中而产生的附加增值称之为物流的场所价值。

(3) 同配送加工价值:有时,物流活动也能创造配送加工价值,这种物流加工主要改变商品的长度、厚度和包装形态。

物流中经常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最为常见的形式。

大多数物流加工都能创造商品的附加价值。

2.物流作为新兴的商务领域,经历了从传统物流向现代物流发展的两个阶段。

企业第三方物流毕业论文参考文献

企业第三方物流毕业论文参考文献推荐文章民营企业第三方物流论文热度：烟草物流工作心得体会热度：物流专业暑期实习报告热度：物流个人上半年工作总结范文热度：快递物流公司员工服务管理规定热度：引用参考文献是在企业第三方物流论文研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于企业第三方物流论文参考文献的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!企业第三方物流论文参考文献(一)[1]海燕,李宗平.物流配送中心选址模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2000,8(6):311-314.[2]孙焰.现代物流管理技术—建模理论及算法设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2004.[3]孙文霞,魏连雨.区域物流中心选址问题的综合分析[J].河北工业大学报,2008,6(10):73-75.[4]彭秀兰,毛磊等.物流运筹方法与工具[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.[5]封燕子,梁志富等.城市物流中心选址问题研究[J].贵州大学学报,2010,10(6):27.[6]孙会君,高自友.一类有竞争的物流配送中心选址模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2002,8(4):54~57.[7]丁浩,李电生.城市物流配送中心选址方法的研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2004,4(21):50~52.[8]吴桂芳.物流配送中心中心选址优化模型及算法研究[J].物流科技2009,10(5):16.[9]孙焰,李云峰.物流中心选址的两阶段法研究[J].物流科技,2006,7(29):41~44.[10]丁立群,李永周.基于模糊评价的物流配送中心选址问题研究——以武汉中铁一通物流公司为例[J].物流工程与管理,2009,3(12):4-9.[11]肖孜,马林.连锁企业的物流配送问题研究——以国美为例[J].物流技术,2008,8(9):21-23.[12]臧红.基于定性定量方法的企业区域性配送中心选址问题研究[J].物流技术,2009,3(5):5-8.[13]杨赟.物流配送中心选址研究[J].物流采购与研究,2006,9(7):31-33[14]吴巧云,王家全,王耀军等.供应链环境下配送中心选址问题[J].物流与采购研究,2009,8(23):19-20.[15]林强.物流工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2009.[16]陈丽.需求量预测的企业分销配送中心选址问题的研究[J].物流科技,2009,5(4):23-25.[17]丁小东,姚志刚,程高.LINGO语言与0-1混合整数规划选址模型的再结合[J].物流技术，2009,8(10):72-75.[18]林立千.设施规划与物流中心设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2006.[19]鲁晓春,詹和生.关于配送中心重心法选址的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2000,24(10):108-110.[20]覃运梅.物流配送中心动态选址问题[J].柳州职业技术学院学报,2005,6(12):24-26.企业第三方物流论文参考文献(二)[1]张艳霞,霍震.配送中心选址的模糊方法研究[J].物流技术,2002,3(3):20-22.[2]黄斌.Hopfidd人工神经网络在物流配送中心选址优化中的应川[J].组合机床与自动化技术,2003,12(3):24-29.[3]胡刚,王淑琴,李铁柱,朱中.针对第三方物流企业的配送中心选址模型研究[J].公路交通科技报,2002,12(6):172-176.[4]孙会君,高自友.考虑路线安排的物流配送中心选址双层规划模及求解筧法[J].中国公路学报,2003,6(2):115-119.[5]蒋忠中,汪定伟.B2C屯子商务中配送中心选址优化的模型与算法[J].控制与决策,2005,20(10):125-128.[11]徐杰,田源等.物流中心选址的影响因素分析及案例[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,18(10):16-18.[6]王燕,蒋笑梅.配送中心全程规划[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.[7]王转,程国全.配送中心系统规划[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2003.[8]周凌云,赵钢.物流中心规划与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.[9]许恒勤,成晓钧.物流系统设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.[10]董维忠.物流系统规划与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.[11]高举红.物流系统规划与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.[12]杜文.物流运输与配送管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.[13]赵小柠.配送中心规划与设计[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2003.[14]谢金星,薛毅.优化建模UNDO/LINGO软件[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.企业第三方物流论文参考文献(三)[1]黄林山. 基于本土化第四方物流平台的整合模型研究[J]. 物流工程与管理,2014,07:157-158+142.[2]胡迪. 基于整合决策模型的第四方物流供应链资源整合优化分析[J]. 商场现代化,2014,27:44-46.[3]李勇. 跨境电子商务对广州发展现代物流的影响及对策分析[J]. 经营管理者,2015,02:301.[4]何黎明. 2014 年我国物流业发展回顾与 2015 年展望[J]. 中国物流与采购,2015,03:24-28.[5]徐岚清. 建立村镇物流服务网点的可行性研究[J]. 中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊),2015,03:130-131.[6]赵萍. 阿里巴巴开启农村电商“大战”[J]. 决策,2014,12:68-69.[7]焦瑞,余晓琼. 我国农村物流发展存在的问题及对策[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,21:13202-13204.[8]胡建波. 阿里巴巴全球速卖通的竞争战略研究[D].山东大学,2013.[9]吕建志. 互联网金融研究[D].广西大学,2014.[10]吕永攀,刘开军. 基于 4PL 整合的逆向物流管理模式研究[J]. 物流工程与管理,2014,07:71-73+27.[11]黄昌数. 邮政电子商务速递对接阿里巴巴[J]. 中国邮政,2008,03:36-37.[12]孟丹丹. 第三方物流资源整合能力评价与供应链管理运作模式选择研究[D].天津财经大学,2012.[13]王同聚. 基于电子商务的邮政快递物流资源整合研究[D].北京邮电大学,2006.[14]李弘. 农资邮政物流网络的资源利用效率评价与配置优化研究[D].北京交通大学,2012.[15]钱文强. 山东邮政农村物流业务发展研究[D].山东大学,2012.。

第三方物流外文文献6

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Abstract—With the rapid economic development, the logistics industry plays an increasing important role in China. But China's logistics enterprises lack of apparent core competitiveness. Compared with some advanced countries. through identifying and quantifying competitive factors, logistics enterprises can understand their core capability, and thus can provide higher level customer services. The study takes competitive factors of logistics enterprises as targets, identifying and quantifying the key competitive factors of third party logistics in Zhejiang of China based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Moreover, the study put forward focal competitive points and developing methods of third party logistics in different stages, and these findings will be useful to the development of third party logistics. The results may be have some reference for some logistics enterprises.

第三方物流外文文献7

Information Flow Model of Third-party Logistics Based on Internet of ThingsXiaohui Liu1,2, Youwang Sun11. School of Transportation EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai, China18xhliu@ 2. School of Economics and Management Shanghai Second Polytechnic UniversityShanghai, ChinaAbstract—This research aims to looks at the literature of third-party logistics, information flow, and the Internet of Things, then analyzes information flow model of third-party logistics. The paper is carried out to make analysis of information flow model of 3PL based on the environment of Internet of Things.Keywords: Third-party Logistics; Information Flow; Supply Chain Management; Internet of ThingsI.I NTRODUCTIONThe globalization market has stimulated the demand of logistics. Logistics plays a significant role in integrating the supply chain of industries. One initiative that is proving productive and allows businesses to concentrate on their core competencies is the outsourcing of the logistics function to partners, known as third-party logistics (3PL) provider. [1] Third-party logistics or logistics outsourcing is an emerging trend in the global market.Supply chain now has to compete with other supply chains. The chain-chain competition has started to take over the enterprise-enterprise competition. The forward-looking enterprises today are dynamic; they collaborate with suppliers, customers and even with competitors, share information and knowledge aiming to create a collaborative supply chain that is capable of competing if not leading the particular industry. Hence, gaining competitiveness under such a cut-throat environment becomes increasingly difficult, but not impossible. [2]Supported by modern information technology, defined by contract, the organization of third-party logistics is a sort of industry organization that is based on the ally of transaction main bodies. All parties of the supply chain should cooperate and share information with each other. The smooth communication of information among them is essential and can be achieved by constructing information flow model of 3PL, especially based on Internet of Things (IoT).II.L ITERATURE R EVIEWIn this section, we review the literature on third-party logistics, information flow, and the Internet of Things. The literature review provides the theoretical foundation for this research.One of the challenges in trying to evaluate the growing body of literature on 3PL is the lack of a single consistent definition of the concept. Indeed, many definitions and interpretations of 3PL can be found in the literature. According to Lieb(1992), 3PL involves ―the use of external companies to perform logistics functions that have traditionally been performed within an organization. The functions performed by the third party can encompass the entire logistics process or selected activities within that process‖.[3]Bask (2001) described 3PL as ―relationships between interfaces in the supply chains and third-party logistics providers, where logistics services are offered, from basic to customized ones, in a shorter or longer-term relationship, with the aim of effectiveness and efficiency‖. [4] This definition clearly points out the essence of the 3PL concept as involving business-to-business relationships where third parties fulfill the logistics needs of their clients in the supply chain while recognizing the potentially wide range of these relationships in terms of scope, content and duration.[5]In short, this conceptualization of 3PL as a dyadic relationship between shippers (buyers or sellers of the goods) and logistics service providers in a supply chain is adopted.Information flow contains real-time, direct and accurate information that can trigger the material logistics. The continuous information flow helps to build the best material flow and a necessary requirement to operate supply chain integration. To design and control of supply chain information chain, the following need be addressed: the portability and speed of data transmission——only transmitting the necessary information; the transparency of information access——to define the correct level of information for each supply chain member; to access accurately and timely the required types of information; to ensure that information can reach the correct recipient; to prevent and control data leakage and select the right communication tools. [6]The term of Internet of Things was firstly used by Kevin Ashton in a presentation in 1998.[7]Based on data communication tools, primarily RFID-tagged items (Radio-Frequency Identification), the IoT is playing a part in facilitating the exchange of goods and services in global supply chain networks. The IoT could provide an IT-infrastructure facilitating the exchanges of ―things‖ based on an Electronic Product Code (EPC). Carrying RFID tags with a unique EPC. Although the information of ―things‖ is not fully saved on an RFID tag, it could be available through linking and cross-linking with the help of an Object Naming Service (ONS). Based on Domain Name System (DNS), the___________________________________ 978-1-4244-8726-4/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEEONS can be considered as subset of the DNS and will also inherit all of the well-documented DNS weaknesses [8].III.I NFORMATION F LOW M ODEL OF T HIRD-P ARTYL OGISTICSAs the use of 3PL, enterprises can help themselves to reduce significantly their physical facilities, reduce supply chain operation costs and increase response speed, which won the logistics agility. Figure 1 shows a typical example of 3PL, which includes the transfer of inventory and customer order fulfillment of two collaborative processes:1. The transfer of inventory includes:1.1 sending stock transfer orders from manufacturer to a third party;1.2 sending confirmation message back from third-party;1.3 transferring of goods to a third party warehouse;1.4 sending goods back from the third party to manufacturer.2. The customer order fulfillment includes:2.1 customer’s orders;2.2 sending sales orders and distribution notice from manufacturers to third party;2.3 third party’s notification of goods delivery and scheduling to manufacturers;2.4 third party warehouse’s shipping notice to customers;2.5 transporting goods from third party warehouse to customers.UML is a model standard describing process and it can be used to: ①easily describe information sharing structures of specific supply chain environment; ②make the reference way of model built easy to share with other members by direct reference or converted into XML (eXtensible Markup Language). According to the semantics of activity-object flow graph of UML, the information to send is described as Action, the information flow as Object flow. Identified on Figure 2 in the 1, 2, 3 to describe the information flow are as follows:1. Send Replenishment OrderCondition: Inventory levels ＜Reorder point (ROP)Sender: ManufacturerReceiver: Third partyData_ object: Replenishment ordersData_template: EDI﹟format numberReq_action: Order confirmationMode: Batch2. Send Delivery NotesEvent: Delivery notice generatedSender: ManufacturerReceiver: Third partyData_ object: Delivery NotesData_template: EDI﹟format numberReq_action: Sending shipping noticeMode: Batch or Real-time3. Send Shipping NoticesEvent: Shipping notice generatedSender: Third partyReceiver: ManufacturerData_ object: Shipping noticeData_template: EDI﹟format numberMode: Batch or Real-time[9]Figure 1 Material and Information Flow of 3PL[9]Figure 2 Modeling 3PL with UML Activity Diagram[9]IV.I NFORMATION F LOW M ODEL OF 3PL B ASED ONI NTERNET OF T HINGSrmation Visibility in the Supply ChainFigure 2 shows that manufacturer and 3PL provider share some of its inventory and order information (delivery notice). But the 3PL provider does not share it with the manufacturer's information. One-way messaging shows that the information share of 3PL supply chain mode has linear structure. In this case we can use RFID system and the Internet of Things to facilitate data exchange between partners. In addition, with the 3PL technology, data models and information exchange of public standards development, the shared data objects represented by rectangular box between the ―manufacturer‖and ―third party‖will be integrated into supply chain network and become part of centralize e-Hub, so that data can be shared by more other members of the supply chain. This increases the information visibility in the supply chain. rmation Flow Model of 3PL Based on Internet ofThingsThe development in network technology is essential for implementing the vision reaching out to objects in the physical world and to bring them into the Internet. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology has been applied to supply chains. The Electronic Product Code (EPC) Network, an open global standard proposed by EPC global, links RFID to the Internet to enable immediate, automatic identification and secure sharing of information about items.[11] Integrating promising information technologies such as RFID can help improve the effectiveness and convenience of information flow in 3PL supply chain. The Internet of Things based on RFID provides an information sharing platform among all participants of the construction chain using web technology and RFID-enabled PDA. Fig. 4 shows the application of RFID-enabled PDA used in construction projects based on the Internet of Things. [12]Figure 4 Application of RFID-enabled PDA based on Internet of Things[12]RFID-enabled application refer to the use of RFID technology and computerized systems for achieving advanced business goals. An appropriate architecture is the key to the success of RFID application. Figure 5 depicts the main components of a generic RFID system. Interactions in such a system occur in three layers: devices, data processing and data integration. The RFID devices layer consists of RFID tags and readers as well as RFID protocols for reading and writing RFID data. The RFID data processing layer consists of a number of software components for communicating with RFID readers, filtering and cleaning RFID data, and automatic data transformation and aggregation. The RFID data integration layer is concerned with the applications that exploit RFID data, such as supply chain management. On this basis, the architecture of information system model of 3PL based on Internet of Things is shown on Figure 5. [13]V.C ONCLUSIONThe information management in 3PL and the Internet of Things are both focus of research in present-day society. This paper is carried out to make analysis of information flow model of 3PL based on the environment of Internet of Things. This analysis aims to provide a new vision to research logistics and supply chain management.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThis work is supported by the Joint Research Scheme of National Science Foundation of China and Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (Grant No. 70731160015 and N_HKUST 612/6) and Educational Highland funds by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.Figure 5 Architecture of Information System Model of 3PL Based on Internet of Things[13]R EFERENCES[1]J.J. Hong, A.T.H. Chin and B.L. Liu, ―Logistics outsourcing bymanufacturers in China: a survey of the industry,‖Transportation Journal 43 (1) (2004), Pages 17–25.[2]P.H. Ketikidisa, b, S.C.L. Kohc, , , N. Dimitriadisa, c, A.Gunasekarand and M. Kehajovae, ―The use of information systems for logistics and supply chain management in South East Europe: Current status and future direction,‖Omega, Volume 36, Issue 4(2008), Pages 592-599.[3]R.C. Lieb, ―The use of third-party logistics services by largeAmerican manufacturers,‖Journal of Business Logistics 13 (2) (1992), Pages 29–42.[4] A.H. Bask, Relationships among TPL providers and members ofsupply chains—A strategic perspective, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 16 (6) (2001), Pages 470–486.[5]Alessandra Marasco, ―Third-party logistics: A literature review,‖ Int.J. Production Economics 113(2008), Pages 127-147.[6]Xiaohui Liu, ―Supply Chain Management,‖Dalian University ofTechnology Press(2011), Pages 162-167.[7]Gerald Santucci. From Internet of Data to Internet of Things. Paperfor the International Conference on Future Trends of the Internet, ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/enet/20090128-speech-iot-conference-lux_en.pdf.[8]Rolf H.Weber. ―Internet of Things –New security and privacychallenges,‖ Computer Law & Security Review Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 23-30. [9]Jian Peng, ―Study on Information Share and Application Integratingin Supply Chain,‖ Master Thesis of Chongqing JiaotongUniversity(2007), Pages 23-25.[10]Taewoo Nam, Keunhyuk Yeom, ―Business-aware framework forsupporting RFID-enabled applications in EPC Network,‖ Journal ofNetwork and Computer Applications, Article in press[11]Lung-Chuang Wang, Yu-Cheng Lin, Pao H. Lin, ―Dynamic mobileRFID-based supply chain control and management system in construction,‖Advanced Engineering Informatics 21 (2007), Pages 377–390.[12]Lu yan, Yan Zhang, Laurence T. Yang, Huansheng Ning, ―TheInternet of Things——From RFID to the Next-Generation Pervasive Networked System,‖ Auerbach Publications (2008), Pages 84-85.。

文献翻译第三方物流文献综述

文献翻译第三方物流文献综述第三方物流:文献综述Alessandra Marasco摘要近年来，第三方物流（Third-party logistics，TPL）引起了许多学者的重视研究。

虽然出现了很多关于这个研究领域的论文，但是对第三方物流进行综合研究的科学文献还是比较少的。

本文对关于第三方物流的文献现状进行一个调查研究，获取关于第三方物流的文献综述。

从1989年至2006年共有152文献，发表于33家著名的国际期刊，分别为内容和方法上的相关问题，希望基于这个文献综述，能对未来第三方物流的研究发展提出好的建议和帮助。

关键词：第三方物流；组织关系；文献综述1.简介第三方物流（Third-party logistics----TPL），也称为物流外包（例如Knemeyer，2003；Maltz and Ellram，1997;Razzaque and Sheng, 1998等等），已经获得了大部分物流学者的关注，从而导致在这一领域的研究和写作日益广泛普遍。

最近的几项研究表明，物流学者对TPL的研究积极性提高，各行业公司的部分甚至全部部门越来越多的管理使用第三方供应商来促使其物流业务稳步增长。

(例如.Lieb and Bentz, 2004, 2005a; Lieb and Miller, 2002;Lieb and Randall, 1999a等等).尽管现在有很多关于这个研究领域的文献，但是对第三方物流进行综合研究的科学文献数量还是比有限的。

Razzaque and Sheng 在1998提供了一个比较全面的物流外包文学文献综述，从期刊杂志和其他出版物搜集了一些突出重要的研究成果。

Skjoett-Larsen et al. 在2003年提出了第三方物流研究概述，树立了北欧学校关于第三方物流的研究方法、推理方法或总结经验的鲜明特色，他们的综述总体上强调了北欧的第三方物流的研究对国际研究过程做出的贡献。

第三方物流外文文献3

Supply and Demand Matching Model for Third Party Logistics Integrated PlatformChunhua JUComputer Science and Information EngineeringCollegeZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou, Chinajuchunhua@Bin SunComputer Science and Information EngineeringCollegeZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou, Chinasunbin0302@Abstract—In order to improve the supplier selection and matching supply with demand for third party logistics integrated platform, this paper proposes a three-layer evaluation index system for supply and demand matching considering factors of service areas and cooperation experiences, establishes a supply and demand matching model based on neural network. This model perfectly simulates the process of fuzzy integral diagnosis, with corresponding parameters of adaptive learning and training index systems of fuzzy neural network. Experiments show that this model can effectively evaluate comprehensive abilities of suppliers, with high level of accuracy and feasibility.Keywords- fuzzy neural network, third party logistics, integrated model, supply and demand matchingI.I NTRODUCTIONThird party logistics (3PL) integrated platform is a supplier integrating the whole supply chain. It supervises manufacturers and retailers as the sole connector between customers and suppliers providing logistics, services and information. It is vital important for 3PL integrated platform to match proper suppliers and customers for improving its competitiveness, even competitiveness of the whole supply chain.Nowadays, many researches on selection and matching in 3PL integrated platform are conducted. Gang W and Xiao ling G select logistic suppliers by analytical hierarchy process. Zhong W establishes evaluation model by judging matrixes. Zhi ying L adopts one-layer fuzzy integral diagnosis method and establishes evaluation model. Current methods have two problems: (1) these methods evaluate suppliers by comprehensive capability only. The results are used in the long run and different areas and demand in different logistic businesses are overlooked. (2) The role of qualitative indexes on selecting logistic suppliers is neglected. The weights of indexes lack accuracy and depend too much on subjective judges, with no scientific methods.This paper proposes a supply and demand matching model for third party logistics integrated platform based on neural network and establishes three-layer evaluation index system considering factors of service areas and cooperation experiences. Further, fuzzy neural network is adopted to learn and train different indexes and finally get evaluation indexes for matching supply and demand in one single logistic business, which provides scientific and appropriate principles for selecting suppliers.II.F UZZY NEURAL NETWORK MODEL OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND MATCHING FOR THIRD PARTY LOGISTICSINTEGRATED PLATFORMFuzzy neural network is a system combining fuzzy logic and fuzzy network, better than separate fuzzy system or fuzzy network. Fuzzy neural network can properly express fuzzy and qualitative knowledge, resembling human reasoning, and can deal with uncertainty and non-linear problems. It has many advantages, like concurrent calculation, distributive information storage, error toleration and adaptive learning.A.Fuzzy module of comprehensice capability index ofsuppliersThis module is to fuzzify the input of comprehensive capability index and calculate the fuzzy variable value of every input index. Fuzzy membership function adopts Gaussian function, with its definition:µ x eµ(1)Where µ denotes the center of membership function，σi denotes the width of membership function.Evaluation indexes of all the samples are divided into several classes with K-Mean clustering algorithm. The mean of x scores of all the samples under one certain class equals to µ value in the corresponding class. σ is computed as follows:σj=1n(x j`-μi)2nj=1Where n denotes sample size, x ` denotes index value of different samples in corresponding class.B.Experiment result analysisNeural network in fuzzy neural network this paper proposed adopts error back-propaganda, namely BP learning algorithm. In essence, BP algorithm computes output values in the direction of input to output, gets the errors of output values and sample values, then propagandizes errors in reverse and revises connection weights to reduce errors of output. Specific steps are as follows:2009 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence•(1) Initializing ω and θ in a 0-1 scale at randomly, where ω is connection weight from neuron i to neuron j, θ is the threshold value of neuron j (hidden layer and output layer).•(2) Input the fuzzified training sample {x } and the corresponding expectation {y }, where p, l denote sample size and the number of input vectors respectively.•(3) Compute output O in different layers. As for input layer (the second layer in Figure 1), input equals to output, namely O x , where xdenotes the ith value of pth sample. As for hidden layer and output layer, O f（∑ω O θ ）, where O is the input of neuron i and meanwhile the output of neuron j. f(x) is a non-linear, differential and not decreasing function，generally, S-shaped function f x 1/ 1 e .•(4) Compute error signals in different layers. The error in output layer δ y O O 1 O , the error in hidden layer δ O 1O ∑δ ω•(5) Back-propaganda, revised weight: ω t 1 ω t αδ O , where α denotes learning rate.•(6) Compute errors: E∑∑ O y,when E is lower than the given error of fitting,network training is over, or else, turn to (3), andcontinue training.III.T HREE-LAYER E VALUATION I NDEX S YSTEM FOR L OGISTIC S UPPLY AND D EMAND M ATCHING Traditional methods adopt indexes limited to the factors of capabilities of suppliers, which can analyze and differentiate suppliers in capability, size and services to some extent. But not the supplier with the strongest capability adapts all the logistic businesses. Whether both parties match depends on the hard wares and soft wares of suppliers and whether the suppliers have advantages in given areas, and cooperation experiences (successful or awful) between customers and suppliers. This paper proposes a new index system contains the areas served by suppliers and cooperation experiences, in addition to the comprehensive abilities of suppliers. as Table 1 shows,TABLE I. T HREE-LAYER INDEX SYSTEM FOR SUPPLY AND DEMANDMATCHING OF LOGISTICSFirst Second ThirdComprehen-sive abilities of logistic suppliers operationalcapabilitytransportation xstorage xvalue-added service xinformatization xcustomization xtransportationservice xservicecapabilitywarehouse management xdata record ximport and export xpayment disbursement xCreditprice xstrength xlevel management xcorporate image xhuman resource xarea index and algorithm xcooperation experiences index xprehensive abilities of logistic suppliersComprehensive abilities of logistic supplies have threemain dimensions, operational capability (transportation anddelivery, storage, value-added service, informatization,customization), service capability (transportation service,warehouse management and operation, data record, importand export, payment disbursement), credit (price, strength,level management, corporate image, human resource).B.Area index and algorithmArea index refers to the coefficient of areas of thislogistic business and areas covered by suppliers, specificsteps as follow,Initialization: analyze historic business data of everysupplier (in near six months), get the main area network ofdaily business of suppliers, for example, Beijing toShanghai, separate and mark all the districts above the levelof county in this path and get the network of service areas,then put into array B[] (according to AdministrativeDivisions Statistics of the People's Republic of China issuedby Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s republic ofChina in 2005). Then, get the best path of this business (withalgorithm) and separate all the districts above the level ofcounty and put into array A. As Figure 1 shows, in thedashed line is service areas set of certain logistic supplier.Specific rules are as follow,•①if both the first and last element in string Abelongs to array B, then coverage coefficient is 1•②if one end of string A belongs to array B, thenjudge backwards till the other end (at j), return tocoverage coefficientc ,（0 c 1）•③if neither the first and last element belongs toarray B, then judge toward center and return tocoverage coefficientc 。

物流外包及第三方物流文献综述

物流外包及第三方物流文献综述随着世界经济和现代科学技术的迅猛发展，物流产业作为国民经济中的一个新兴服务部门，正在全球范围内迅速发展。

它被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志。

第三方物流这一先进的物流运作模式，由于适应了现代企业生产方式的变革和市场外部条件的变化，逐渐成为现代物流发展的主流。

我国要发展现代物流，对第三方物流发展战略的研究与探索己成为至关重要的内容。

一、该方向的定义xx物流在我国国家标准《物流术语》的定义中指出：物流是物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程，根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机的结合[1]。

物流业务外包，即制造企业或销售等企业为集中资源、节省管理费用，增强核心竞争能力，将其物流业务以合同的方式委托给专业的物流公司(第三方物流，3PL)运作。

外包是一种长期的、战略的、相互渗透的、互利互惠的业务委托和合约执行方式[2]。

第三方物流是指由物流劳务的供方、需方之外的第三方去完成物流服务的物流运作方式。

第三方就是指提供物流交易双方的部分或全部物流功能的外部服务提供者。

在某种意义上，可以说它是物流专业化的一种形式。

第三方物流随着物流业发展而发展，是物流专业化的重要形式。

物流业发展到一定阶段必然会出现第三方物流，而且第三方物流的占有率与物流产业的水平之间有着非常紧密的相关性。

西方国家的物流业实证分析证明，独立的第三方物流至少占社会的50%时，物流产业才能形成。

所以，第三方物流的发展程度反映和体现看一个国家物流业发展的整体水平【3】。

二、物流在该方向的特殊之处物流在西方发达国家的实践中是降低成本的"第三利润源",是提高服务水平的利器,因此物流理论引入我国后,受到了政府和企业前所未有的关注.作为物流专业化集中表现的第三方物流,首当其冲倍受推崇,迅速升温.越来越多的人对第三方物流的前景看好,物流成为继IT,金融之后最受追捧的行业之一.企业把物流业务运作包给第三方物流主要有两大驱动力[4].第一,要把资源集中在企业的核心竞争能力上,以使获取最大的投资回报.那些不属于核心能力的功能应被弱化或者外包.第二,事实证明,企业单靠自己的力量降低物流费用存在很大的困难.企业将自己的物流业务外包给第三方物流公司,可以获得如下优势.集中主业通过将物流业务外包,企业能够实现资源优化配置,将有限的人力,财力集中于核心业务,进行重点研究,发展基本技术,开展出新产品参与世界竞争.现代物流研究是一个不断创新、不断发展的过程，作为其中的一种运作管理模式，第三方物流也必将随着社会需求的变化、技术手段的更新，而不断得以成熟与完善。

第三方物流文献综述

第三方物流文献综述第三方物流文献综述总述：随着世界经济和现代科学技术的迅猛发展，物流产业作为国民经济中的一个新兴服务部门，正在全球范围内迅速发展。

它被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志。

第三方物流这一先进的物流运作模式，由于适应了现代企业生产方式的变革和市场外部条件的变化，逐渐成为现代物流发展的主流。

我国要发展现代物流，对第三方物流发展战略的研究与探索己成为至关重要的内容。

关键词：第三方物流；物流营销模式；零售网购；客户服务一、第三方物流研究及发展前景第三方物流诞生20多年以来，在过去的10年中得到了飞速的发展。

第三方物流实质上由供应链的上下游物流需求双方之外的第三方，利用自有资源，同时整合社会资源，为客户提供全方位、客户服务高水平、专业化、低成本的物流服务。

第三方物流企业为客户提供物流服务，其实实质是一种产品及服务产品，进行专业化的运作并且进行有效的服务营销，扩大市场来获取竞争优势。

现代物流研究是一个不断创新、不断发展的过程，作为其中的一种运作管理模式，第三方物流也必将随着社会需求的变化、技术手段的更新，而不断得以成熟与完善。

实现物流活动的高效化、资源配置的合理化，将是第三方物流所要追求的永恒目标。

二、第三方物流成产经营及营销模式的分析一个客户企业完整的物流体系包括运作层、管理层、规划层三个层面。

运作层的物流服务是最早的物流外包形式，也是最重要、最基本的物流服务形式。

随着服务层次和项目种类的扩展，传统物流逐步向第三方物流转变，管理层面的物流服务主要指库存控制、物流预测、采购计划等的高级物流服务。

目前规划层主要指的是对物流网络、物流体系的规划设计，包括物流设施选择、仓库配送中心选址。

在利用所有的第三方物流服务的基础上，提供增值的创新服务。

第三方物流有别于传统的仓储、运输类企业，其营销具有鲜明的特点。

在物流服务的初期，第三方物流企业的中心在于降低物流成本，提高物流水平，不断拓展服务范围，使客户企业建立依赖性，逐步加大信息技术、管理人才的投入，在合作的过程中提供个性化差异化的服务。

第三方物流研究文献综述学习资料

09 级学院：专业：班级：学生姓名：学号：完成日期：近年来我国第三方物流研究文献综述【摘要】近年来我国第三方物流行业受到越来越多的人的重视。

本文从三个方面论述我国第三方物流行业。

一、我国第三方物流业的发展现状与特点。

二、我国第三方物流业中存在的问题。

三、我国第三方物流业的评价与选择。

第三方物流作为现代物流发展的重要方向之一．具有技术的先进性与经济上的节约性。

第三方物流的优质服务既满足了客户复杂多变的物流服务要求，同时又促进了第三方物流的蓬勃发展，从而推进经济和社会的协调发展【关键词】第三方物流规模问题引言第三方物流作为企业作业管理的协作者、物流服务的整合者以及物流外包的契约人，日趋成为现代物流主流服务模式。

一个国家第三方物流发展水平代表着本国物流的发展进程。

在全国经济快速发展的新形势下，大力发展以第三方物流为特征的现代物流服务既是推动我国经济质量升级的一条重要渠道，也是我国传统运输物流企业转型的必然要求。

一、我国第三方物流业的发展现状与特点西安铁路职业技术学院王公强教授在《我国第三方物流业发展探析》一文中指出：“我国第三方物流的引入是近几年的事情, 第三方物流以其独特的优势吸引了越来越多企业的关注, 整个中国第三方物流的市场2000- 2005年, 年增长率达到25% 。

中国仓储协会对全国450 家大中型企业的调查显示, 45% 的企业将在未来一两年内选择新的物流商; 其中,75% 的企业将选择新型物流企业, 60% 的企业将把所有的综合物流业务外包给新型的物流企业。

企业对新型物流服务的需求迅速扩大, 使第三方物流市场成为新兴的朝阳产业和丰厚利润的源泉。

又如湖北三峡职业技术学院黄世秀教授在《我国第三方物流业发展策略研究》指出：“第三方物流是现代物流产业中最具活力的部分。

本文分析了发展第三方物流的意义,针对我国第三方物流企业存在的问题,提出了购并整合、战略联盟、转变营销观念等发展第三方物流企业的策略。

第三方物流文献综述

我国第三方物流现状分析的文献综述摘要：随着世界经济和现代科学技术的迅猛发展，物流产业作为国民经济中的一个新兴服务部门，正在全球范围内迅速发，而我们的第三方物流正是在这个环境下茁壮成长。

本文针对我国第三方物流的发展现状进行讲述，对问题进行了分析并提出建议，展示了其对经济发展的促进作用，让我们更好的了解我国的第三方物流。

关键词：第三方物流，现状，促进作用，建议引言：第三方物流Third Party Logistic)，简称为TPL或者3PL，最初是由欧美一些发达国家的外包业务融人物流产业中形成的。

从字面上理解，第三方物流中的第三方是充当了委托人与收货人之间的这种衔接角色，其本身不生产商品，也不拥有商品，不直接参与实际的商品买卖，仅仅通过一种合作机制来为第一方和第二方提供专业化的物流服务，它具有一定的社会角色，处于客户与商家之间的供应链关系之中。

自从进入21世纪，随着作为新兴产业之一现代物流业的迅猛发展，国内的物流公司如雨后春笋般涌现，进而形成了第三方物流产业。

相比传统的物流公司，第三方物流更专业化，综合成本更低，配送效率更高，已经成为国际物流业发展的趋势、社会化分工和现代物流发展的方向。

一．第三方物流的产生：20世纪80年代后期，欧美发达国家首先提出了第三方物流，即将业务外包引入到物流领域。

根据美国物流协会于2002年出版的《物流术语词条2002年升级版》，其将第三方物流定义为：将企业的全部或部分物流运作任务外包给专业公司管理经营，能为顾客提供多元化物流服务的专业公司称为第三方物流提供商。

由此可知，第三方物流其实是种委托—代理关系，物流外包方是委托方，第三方物流公司是代理方，通过契约的方式确定双方的权利和义务。

而我国第三方物流概念是从20世纪90年代引进的物流产业模式中逐渐形成的，国内学者把第三方物流分为广义的第三方物流和侠义的第三方物流。

广义的第三方物流是指以商品交易之外的为商品的流通提供专业化物流服务的第三方企业。

第三方物流外文文献4

Study on the Strategy for Pharmaceutical Enterprises to Improve the Third-Party Logistics Development LevelsZhe-xiong Jin1, Li Yu1, 21. School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, ChinaE-mail: jin-ai-pu@, iluyuli@Abstract: The developments of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises in the process of the Third-Party Logistics industry, specifically the existence of some key issues were analyzed, and the Third-Party Logistics was proposed to improve the levels of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises development measures, based on analyzing the implementation of SWOT strategy in pharmaceutical enterprises.Key Words: Pharmaceutical Enterprises, the Third-Party Logistics, SWOT StrategyI.T HE P ROBLEMS OF C HINESE PHARMACEUTICALE NTERPRISES IN T HIRD-P ARTY L OGISTICSThe Third-Party Logistics development in Chinese pharmaceutical industry was still at the early stage, and it was still relatively backward[1]. At present, the following difficulties and doubts still existed, in the process to develop the Third-Party Logistics of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises[2]. A.Questions for the Ability of the Third-Party LogisticsEnterprisesIn China[3], the development time of the Third-Party Logistics was very short. The Specializations in business areas and the geographic areas were also vastly different, too. Drugs had special requirements in storage, packaging, transportation and other circulation, because of their own characteristics. Therefore, it was difficult for pharmaceutical enterprises to select a suitable Third-Party Logistics company, when client enterprises considered outsourcing of its logistics business.B.Concerns to the Leakage of Operational Information Pharmaceutical enterprises had to take a confidential means to the elements of the sales network operators, in order to maintain normal operations, special operations for some sectors[4]. However, its basic operating information would inevitably be opened to the Third-Party Logistics enterprises, because of the introduction of the Third-Party Logistics to operate their internal logistics. In the increasingly fierce market competition, the core competitiveness of the enterprise was an important guarantee for survival and development, while the disclosure of the core operational elements of pharmaceutical enterprises was another concern to implement the Third-Party Logistics.C.Worries about out of Control of the Business Process After the outsourcing of its logistics business, pharmaceutical enterprises manufacturing operations to a certain extent depended on the performance of the Third-Party Logistics enterprises[5]. After a Third-Party Logistics business operation was involved to the Pharmaceutical companies, it could master This work is supported by the Key Fund Project of Retured Overseas Students under Granted by Heilongjiang Province the right to operate of the enterprises to a certain extent. Therefore, the pharmaceutical enterprises should have a certain degree of psychological bottom line to the outsourcing of its logistics business.D.Concerns to Taking a Huge Risk into AccountThe great logistics capability was the requirement for the pharmaceutical enterprises to suit so many production and circulation problems[6]. The implementation of the Third-Party Logistics means layoff, assets sales, and the business management structure would be changed dramatically. It was not only a pressure to the persons engaged in logistics or distribution, but the greater risk was also that internal management structure would face a major adjustment.E.Impact on the Third-Party Logistics from the First andthe Second-Party LogisticsOn the one hand, many pharmaceutical enterprises did not really understand the meaning of modern logistics, so the First-Party Logistics, Second-Party Logistics and Third-Party Logistics always were confused[7]. On the other hand, they could not be willing to abandon the huge profits from the logistics, so they had to develop their own First-Party Logistics and Second-Party Logistics, pharmaceutical enterprises and thus seriously hamper the development of the Third-Party Logistics[8].II.SWOT S TRATEGY OF THE T HIRD P ARTYL OGISTICS IN C HINESE P HARMACEUTICALE NTERPRISESThe strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed to carry out the Third-Party Logistics from its internal conditions and external environment by SWOT strategy, the most commonly used paradigm of strategic analysis. So that it could be the foundation for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out the Third-Party Logistics (See Table 1).978-1-4244-7330-4/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 1585Table Ⅰ Analysis of SWOT StrategyFactor DefinitionStrengths—S a. Sharing the cost of the Third-Party vendors, and using the latest technology and tools constantlyb. Relying on the Third-Party expertise, rather than trying to establish, enabled enterprises to focus on the development of core competenciesc. Achieving optimizing economies efficiency in logistics services, technical development, transportationd. Obtaining short-cut when entering new markets, adapting to the local culture and environment to promote globalization more quicklye. Helpful to respond to changes in market demand and improve customer satisfaction and loyaltyf. Adapting to the short-term product life cycle, capital risk-sharing with the third-party, using their professional capacityg. Using the Third-Party experts to help enterprises understand the relevant government laws and regulations, and getting along well with the governmenth. Using the Third-Party technology, analysis and optimization capabilities to take the original data into the guidance for the customer informationWeaknesses—W a. Enterprise services of the Third-Party Logistics was single function, weak service concept, small-scale, high service costs, low using of modern technology, lack of logistics management personnel, and the enterprise system were not soundb. Most of the professional Third-Party Logistics enterprises were not familiar with the circulation system and business model in the pharmaceutical industry; did not understand the medicinal products of special warehousing, distribution, maintenance etc. The absence of professional personnel in the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory leaded to not familiar with the relevant lawsOpportunities-O a. Domestic pharmaceutical enterprises of modern logistics had just started, it would take a long time to develop the Third-Party Logisticsb. Because the pharmaceutical industry had its own particularities, the state management of pharmaceuticals, as well as warehousing, transportation requirements were very stringent; the real pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics had not been formed.Threats—T a. Some data indicated that corporate economic power (as measured by sales) and a negative correlation between logistics cost(See Table 2 and Table 3)b. The influence on their core competencies, when the Third-Party Logistics was adaptedc. “Two heavy and one light” thinking errors, namely, heavy manufacturing, heavy marketing and light-Logistics lowered the level of logistics information technology, and weakened the techniquesT ABLEⅡTHE U.S. C OMPANY L OGISTICS C OSTS IN 2004Yearly sales (millions USD) Less than 200 200～500 500～1250 More than 1250 the proportion of Logistics costs 10.45% 8.73% 7.36% 3.40%T ABLE ⅢTHE C ANADIAN C OMPANY L OGISTICS C OSTS IN 2004Yearly sales (millions USD) Less than 200 200～500 500～1250 More than 1250 the proportion of Logistics costs 10.10% 10.97% 10.24% 3.40%III.M EASURES TO I MPROVE THE D EVELOPMENT OFC HINESE P HARMACEUTICAL E NTERPRISESA.Macro-guaranteePharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics market must be built and fostered, and the gradually standardized and the legal market should be guaranteed, in order to develop Chinese pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics. Therefore, local protectionism must be broken, so that the logistics market could be founded in a competitive environment, while the Government should put the appropriate legal protection, introduction of medical logistics development policies.B.Establishing Correct Logistics Concept andEstablishing Pharmaceutical Third-Party LogisticsmarketThe development of Chinese pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics would inevitably be affected, if we were not out of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises from the traditional logistics model to change the traditional extensive mode of economic operation. Therefore, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should establish a correct modern logistics concept, at the point of optimizing resource allocation and implementation of specialized logistics. National authorities should implement appropriate economic policies to restrict the expansion and extension of self-service pharmaceutical enterprises system of logistics facilities, and restricted the self-built logistics service system, so that the logistics services could be gradually separated from the pharmaceutical companies, and then, a unified pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics market could be formed, and the development of pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics industry could be promoted.1586C.Construction of a Professional PharmaceuticalThird-Party Logistics EnterpriseIt was a very important external condition for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises to implement a true Third-Party Logistics, so that China must have a professional pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics enterprise, but the current domestic Third-Party Logistics had just started, it was difficult to develop a professional pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics. It requires that Chinese pharmaceutical Logistics wishing to engage in Third-Party medical logistics enterprises should build their core capabilities, asset reorganization, establish their regional alliances, make full use of the advanced information technology and logistics technology, get along well with the logistics services between supply and demand sides, track market rhythm, adjust business strategy promptly, cultivate a comprehensive talent, and improve service levels. D.Selection of the Appropriate Mode of Third-PartyLogisticsThe Third-Party Logistics could play a role in four fundamental aspects in the field of medicine circulation. That is, providing some or all the drug transportation, warehousing operations for pharmaceutical enterprises, based on information exchanging; providing regional distribution and collecting money services; the logistics process management, supply chain systems designation and optimization; and helping pharmaceutical enterprises to plan, implement, manage their self-built regional distribution centers and other integrated services. So that pharmaceutical manufacturers and circulation enterprises could focus on their core business, and achieve business and financial settlement through information technology. Therefore, the pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics was in a special position in the pharmaceutical supply chain. It did not only provide pharmaceutical enterprises the basis for logistics services, to achieve effective flow of drugs and reduce the burden on non-core businesses customers, it also took the advantage of collecting and recruiting upstream and downstream customer information dominance, played the role in the sources of information in the drug circulation. It was another new pharmaceutical enterprise information portal, so that the area of the entire pharmaceutical distribution operations more simple and efficient. Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises in the implementation of Third-Party Logistics could be achieved though completely socialized or part of the socialization two modes.a. Complete Socialization of Pharmaceutical Third-Party LogisticsThis type of pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics enterprise did not have ownership of drugs, it only provide customers with the necessary logistics services. It did not belong to the same industry, but a link in the customer supply chain, so customers of logistics outsourcing were at ease. From Figure Ⅰ we could clearly see that the main production type, the main type wholesale, retail and the main type mode of operation were more uniform, while the pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics enterprises would also service for pharmaceutical production and flow of business (i.e. hybrid) to expand business scope, but its complexity grew(see Figure Ⅱ)-the distribution of logistics and distribution center space, and the achievement the internal medicine(Two or more of its customers were the main transaction, the flow of drugs was just only the flow of bank, if the simultaneous use of the warehouse or logistics center) and external “asthenia and sthenia” small error rate of drug flow, and other issues were presented to Third-Party enterprises more stringent requirements. Of course, it was a relatively idealized mode of operation. In reality, most of the integration of transport services, the operation was also much simpler. Of course, it was not the true sense of the Third-Party Logistics.Figure Ⅰ the operation mode of pharmaceutical Third-PartyLogistics enterprisesb. Part of the social-oriented pharmaceutical Third-Party Logistics (see Figure Ⅱ)Figure Ⅱ Part of the social-oriented pharmaceuticalThird-Party LogisticsThis type was normally transformed from the Chinese large-scale circulation enterprises of medicine or medical group, Such as Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., whose business grew faster, but now the warehouse distribution facilities and equipment were increasingly unable to meet the1587requirements of modern logistics. In this case, the pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises, medical groups built amodern logistics distribution center for their own developmentneeds to meet their own needs first, if the capability wasabundant, it also provided logistics services to otherpharmaceutical companies.IV.C ONCLUSIONSThe Third-Party Logistics was proposed to improve the levels ofChinese pharmaceutical enterprises development measures, based onanalyzing the implementation of SWOT strategy in pharmaceutical enterprises. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed to carryout the Third-Party Logistics from its internal conditions andexternal environment by SWOT strategy, the most commonlyused paradigm of strategic analysis. The pharmaceuticalThird-Party Logistics could play a key role in the field of pharmaceutical circulation.R EFERENCES[1]W. Jiang, See the complexity and specificity of the pharmaceuticalmarket from the pharmaceutical industry chain, Medical Herald, 2004. [2]W. H. Shao, Y. X. Tan, Study on Pharmaceutical retail chain enterpriseslogistics cost. Central South Pharmacy, No.2, 2004.[3]James. C, F. Wood, Modern Logistics, Beijing, Social SciencesAcademic Press.[4]W. P. Luo, The Third-Party logistics theory, operation and Case,Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Social Science Press.[5]G. S. Wu, The charm of the Third-Party Logistics, China Pharmacies.[6]J. H. Liu, Analysis of the pros and cons of Third-Party Logistics andbusiness logistics mode choice, Jiangxi Social Sciences, No.7, 186, 2002.[7]J. M. Hao, The Third-Party Logistics, Chengdu, Sichuan People'sPublishing House, 2002.[8]J. P. Liang, Modern Logistics, Shenyang, the Northeast University ofFinance Press, 2003.1588。

第三方物流企业配送研究外文文献2000字

第三方物流企业配送研究外文文献在当今全球化的经济环境下，物流运输的效率和可靠性对企业的竞争力至关重要。

而第三方物流企业作为一种专业化的物流服务提供商，为企业提供了更加高效、经济的配送方案。

本文旨在通过研究外文文献，探讨第三方物流企业配送方面的相关研究成果，为我国物流行业的发展提供参考和借鉴。

一、第三方物流企业配送的概念与特点第三方物流企业是指一种专业从事物流服务的企业，其主要业务范围包括物流信息化、仓储管理、运输配送等。

第三方物流企业配送作为其核心服务内容之一，具有以下特点：1. 专业化：第三方物流企业配送业务具有高度的专业化水平，能够根据客户需求提供个性化、定制化的配送方案。

2. 灵活性：第三方物流企业配送能够灵活调整运输方案和线路，以应对市场变化和客户需求的不断调整。

3. 成本优势：由于规模经济效应和专业化运作，第三方物流企业在配送环节能够实现成本的节约和效率的提升。

二、第三方物流企业配送的发展趋势随着互联网和物流技术的不断发展，第三方物流企业配送业务也面临着新的发展趋势：1. 物流信息化：第三方物流企业配送将会进一步加强物流信息化建设，实现从订单管理到配送跟踪的全程信息化管理。

2. 网络化配送：第三方物流企业将加强与电商评台的合作，实现网络化配送，提升配送效率和服务质量。

3. 环保配送：第三方物流企业将会注重环境保护和可持续发展，推动绿色配送和低碳物流的发展。

三、第三方物流企业配送的关键技术在第三方物流企业配送业务中，关键技术的应用能够提升配送效率和服务质量，主要包括以下几个方面：1. GPS技术：全球定位系统技术的应用，可以实现对配送车辆的实时监控和路径规划。

2. 物流大数据：通过物流大数据分析，可以对配送网络进行优化和规划，提高配送的效率和准时率。

3. 无人机配送：无人机技术的应用，可以实现城市快递配送的最后一公里服务，提高配送的灵活性和效率。

四、第三方物流企业配送的质量管理第三方物流企业配送的质量管理是保证配送服务质量的关键环节，主要包括以下几个方面：1. 运输安全：第三方物流企业要严格遵守国家相关的运输安全法规和标准，保障货物的安全运输。

快递业文献综述及外文文献资料

本份文档包含该专题的：外文文献、文献综述一、外文文献Transport, Logistics, and Fulfillment OptionsLaurel J. DelaneyAir TransportShipping by air used to be an emergency strategy, used only when a customer needed a product immediately, but with the proliferation of international air delivery services such as Federal Express, DHL, UPS, and Airborne Express, it is now easy and economical to move your product around the world, even overnight. You’ll generally pay a higher price per kilo than you will for ocean shipment, but in some expense categories you’ll actually rack up some savings. For example, packing costs tend to run less for air transport. One major consideration is the weight of your cargo. Are you exporting feathers? If so, air transport would be cheaper, provided you don’t use cartons that take up a lot of space. Tractors, on the other hand, should be transported via ocean.If exporting highly perishable items is your business, you’ll want to familiarize yourself with carriers that offer affordable worldwide express shipments of chilled, frozen, and fresh foods, such as seafood, meats, and produce. You will see more and more demand for this service as the market for organic, fresh, and convenience foods expands. I suggest you call the US Department of Agriculture’s interna tional marketing office for additional help. It usually has directories, workbooks, and guides to assist exporters of highly perishable products.The International Air Transport Association represents 240 airlines worldwide. When these members reach agreement on a fixed rate, they file a tariff with the US Department of Transportation. Tariffs define the rate, rules, and regulations governing air cargo deliveries for a given carrier or conference. Only when an exporter is charged by a shipper a cost that is beyond the maximum amount specified in the tariff (unless it is under a service contract) will she need to notify a regulatory agency to complain.There are two major types of equipment used in air transport:1.Air cargo containers: These types of containers are loaded by hand or forklift. They come in more than a dozen different styles and sizes.2.Air cargo pallets made of wood or plastic (corrugated plastic is used but not recommended) with netting: These are also loaded by hand or forklift.Which type of equipment you use depends on the type and quantity of the cargo you are shipping. To determine the absolute best way to ship your cargo, always discuss your situation with your transportation company. And don’t forget to find out the distance from your cust omer’s door to the closest seaport or airport. If one delivery destination is closer than the other, you’ll save your customer time but not necessarily money in the case of shipping to the nearest airport, because air cargo can be expensive.The top two considerations when choosing air vs. sea freight are transit time and the cargo itself. It usually takes a product a couple of days to arrive by air, whereas sea freight takes anywhere from twelve to fourteen days. The cargo itself, whether delicate in nature (fine art, for example) or large in size (as is heavy equipment), forces you to make the best decision for your cargo shipment.CautionAlways check with your shipping specialist to verify the pallet requirements for yourdestination country. Some countries, for example, require certain types of wood packaging to be treated with chemicals or heat before being allowed into their country.Ocean TransportShipping by ocean takes much longer than shipping by air, but it is nearly always much less expensive. T hat is why it will generally be your overseas customers’ preferred method of transport. Whereas with air shipment, the greater the volume of your shipment, the more expensive it becomes, with ocean shipment a greater volume of shipment actually decreases the cost. Ocean transport is less simple, though, because it involves many more choices that you may know very little about. These include the choice between terminals, vessel types, container loading options, and so forth. You’ll have to rely on your trans port company to give you advice.When choosing a transport company, you’ll want to find out the following:1.The frequency that the vessels sail2.The transit times3.The reliability measures4.The ports served by steamship line5.The company’s safety record6.The computerization for cargo managementThe last point, computerized cargo management, is vital these days. You want to be able to track your cargo at any given point. If it gets lost, you want to know that the transport company can find it. Cargo management is an important part of the package you offer your customers— so anytime you find a new and better way to serve them in terms of cargo, jump on it.Shopping for an Economical Transport PackageShipping lines—whose vessels are still commonly referred to as “steamships” although the days of steam-powered shipping are long gone— can be classified as either independent or conference. Independent lines tend not to have as many ports of call, which can cause shipping delays. Sometimes, while comparison shopping, you will find an independent line that quotes you a rate that is cheaper than what the conference lines are offering. Howe ver, when using an independent line you can’t be sure of your shipper’s timeliness or reliability. Conference lines, on the other hand, guarantee similar standards and rates. If you can contract with a conference line on an exclusive basis, rates are usually cheaper than, or at least competitive with, those offered by an independent line. The guarantee on rates during a specified period of time is a savings that you can then pass on to your customer or use to pad your own profit margin. Other types of ocean transport companies that have evolved over the years are NVOCCs, or non-vessel-operating common carriers, and shipper’s associations. NVOCCs book space on vessels and then sell the space to shippers with smaller cargoes in smaller-volume units. They consolidate these smaller shipments into container-loads under one bill of lading, and as a result can pass on more favorable rates to the small cargo shipper. You can also take advantage of a larger shipper’s economies of scale to move your smaller loads more cheaply. Shipper’s associations, similarly, were formed to pull together several different shippers’ cargoes to achieve greater volum e and hence lower rates.Don’t forget that ocean and air shipping itself is only part of the transport package you’ll need to assemble. To get your product to an ocean-going vessel for loading, you must also transport your cargo overland by truck or rail. How do you do this without spending an arm and a leg?The most advanced and efficient transport mode currently available to exporters to handle this problem is intermodal transportation. This is a start-to-finish transport package that takes your cargo fro m its point of origin to its point of destination (commonly described as “door -to-door”) under a single bill of lading. It involves the use of at least two different transportation modes— rail and ocean, for example— to cover the overland and overseas movement of the cargo. The company that offers the package is liable for getting the cargo from the point of origin to the final destination, and it will charge you a “through rate” to do so. The rate represents a substantial savings over what it would cost you to engage separate carriers for each leg of the trip. An added bonus: The company can issue a computer-generated bill of lading within hours of the cargo’s receipt at an inland terminal or immediately after the vessel has left port. This means faster turnaround time in collecting payment from your customer. Some intermodal service packages also offer container freight stations, which save you time and drayage (local transportation) costs by bringing their service closer to your door.TipWith the Internet and the advent of e-commerce sales transactions for B-to-C transactions, most international carriers and third-party logistics providers now offer all-inclusive door-to-door landed costs (meaning they include the price of the product, the delivery charge, taxes, duties, customs, and in a currency your shoppers understand) on single-product shipments delivered to a consumer. In 2009, this was unheard of. What a difference five years makes! If you are an exporter of refrigerated commodities, most sophisticated transportation companies can offer cost-efficient transport via refrigerated vehicles. For example, there are railcars equipped with individual generators to ensure the preservation of perishable products during transit. Some companies offer what is ca lled a “motorbridge” (trucking) service to exporters of frozen meat and other perishables, which entails a through transportation rate from the producer’s door to the customer’s door. Other companies offer multipurpose vessels for more cost-effective shipment of noncontainerized cargo, such as tin, tea, equipment, and grain. These vessels are usually smaller in size than those found in a regular containerized ship, allowing them to travel safely through rough seas and narrow channels. They also make the difficult portside dockings at newly industrialized countries easier.It’s imperative to shop around and compare rates to get the best-possible transportation package for your customer. Don’t be shy about questioning a transportation company or freight forwarder at length and in great detail about its service and rates. That is what it is there for, and you don’t owe them anything until after you’ve hired them. Always inquire about the latest and most advanced methods for moving goods overseas. Even as you read this, improvements are underway. Keeping current with the transportation industry will help you offer your customers the most innovative and cost-effective service and equipment options. Break-Bulk and Container LoadingWhat kind of vessel you choose to ship your cargo, and what special handling, loading or storage apparatus, if any, should be used, will depend on the type and quantity of your goods. Here are a variety of common options and techniques for loading your shipment.Break-BulkBetter known as less than container-load, or LTL shipment, break-bulk shipment is the most likely option to be used by new exporters, whose first orders are likely to be small. It allows your customer to test the product in his market before committing to a large quantity, such asa full container-load or more. The shipper can still load the goods into a container, but the container will be delivered to a consolidation point (port of exit) where other shippers’ goods will also be stowed in the container. The advantage of this method is that it allows smaller, low-volume exporters to have their cargo containerized, although it is not as desirable as a sealed door-to-door container, as I will discuss.To control the expense of small-quantity shipment, find a transport company that specializes in break-bulk. Naturally, when you are shipping a small trial order and hoping for repeat business, it will be to your advantage to control your customer’s costs by offering them the best rate possible. When shipping LT L, you’ll need to take extra care in packing and marking your cartons. (I’ll discuss carton marking in greater detail later.) Break-bulk shipments are commonly packed using the following materials:Pallets: Wood pallets must be strong enough to be stacked on racks and reused numerous times.Never let your cartons overhang a pallet. Your whole load might collapse! As previously mentioned, some countries require certain types of wood pallets to be treated with chemicals or heat before allowing the shipment to cross its borders. Check with your transportation specialist.Slipsheets: Used to pull your cargo to the point of loading, these sheets are usually made of fiberboard or plastic. They must be strong enough for the forklift operator to clamp onto and pull. Slipsheets cost less than pallets and eliminate the expense of transporting pallets back to the shipper for reuse. Cartons placed on slipsheets must be cross stacked, shrink-wrapped, or secured with extra-strength strapping.Crates: Wood crates are still popular with some shippers due to their strength and resistance to humidity, at any temperature and at any point in transit.All onboard packing aids should be recyclable or reusable. Use the minimum amount of material necessary to protect your product. Pallets, slipsheets, and crates are loaded using the following methods:Bulk loading by machine or hand (for bulk commodities, for example)Hand loading using individual shipping containers, with or without pallets Unit loading using palleted or slipsheet stacks into containers with forkliftsContainer LoadingShipment by container-load continues to be the preferred method for exporting goods because each container is sealed (allowing it to stay closed from the factory door to the customer’s door), strong, theft resistant, and stackable. Containers are also easy to load and unload; transport by truck, rail, or ship; and store. The only time the container may be opened while in transit is for the customer’s inspection, so the transport of the goods becomes nearly bulletproof concerning safety and pilferage issues.NoteExporting by container continues to grow. According to trade data produced by PIERS, “U.S. containerized exports were up 5 percent in February 2013 compared to February 2012, reaching 1,011,874 20-foot-equivalent units.” PIERS, a database of US waterborne trade activity, says this is the largest year-over-year increase since June 2012, when exports jumped nearly 10 percent.Containers are available in various volumes and in a number of specialized constructions to accommodate various cargo types. Typically, shipping companies provide containers, but youcan also rent or buy them new or used. If you want to do so, try eBay, contact a local shipping company to inquire about used shipping containers, or contact the Container Alliance, a network of portable storage and shipping container providers.A container can cost anywhere from $1,500 (used) to $8,000 (new). Rental costs range from $75 to $295 per month. You can also expect to pay delivery and pickup charges on any of these scenarios. The twenty-foot container, the most popular volume, works well for starting up with exports. The forty-foot container is the second-most popular choice. It’s important to resist the temptation to overload this larger container or you won’t be able to move your cargo over land! For large loads, a forty-five-foot container is an attractive bargain because it gives you a 27 percent increase in interior capacity over the forty-foot unit for the same handling costs. Containers come as large as forty-eight feet, but these are comparatively rare.Just as you conducted market research on where the best market is for your product using a variety of sources, keeping track of where all your exports are going provides a good basis for asking yourself, “Should we be looking at these markets since there are so many containers going to that part of the world?” Take The Journal of Commerce s annual ranking of the top fifty world container ports for 2012). 5Here is a snapshot of the top ten container ports, which shows heavy concentration in China (Asia):The port of Shanghai handled 32.5 million twenty-foot-equivalent container units, considered the busiest container port in the world in 2012.High-cube containers (referred to as HQ; they include twenty-foot, forty-foot, and other measurements) are oftentimes shipped at the same rate as a standard container but offer more cargo space and are typically one foot taller. Garment containers have a movable track system, so that prepressed and prelabeled garments can be shipped on their individual hangers, unloaded, moved right into a showroom, and racked for sale. Open-top containers, designed for awkward, oversize goods, such as heavy equipment, can be loaded from the top by crane. This reduces handling costs. Refrigerated containers come in high-cube and wide-body dimensions and offer temperature-controlled environments that can be monitored by means of an exterior temperature recorder, a central shipboard control, or even satellite transmission. Bulk-hatch containers, used for commodities such as corn and grains, can be loaded from the top or the rear for easy access and minimal handling. Vented containers allow for appropriate ventilation and thus eliminate potential condensation, preventing damage to moisture-sensitive goods like tobacco, spices, and coffee. Flat-rack containers, designed for moving huge goods, such as heavy equipment, lumber, and pipes, can be loaded from the top or the side, thus reducing handling costs. An expandable chassis accommodates a variety of box sizes and allows for easy offloading from ship, to train, to truck.TipIf you are interested in learning more about shipping containers and who invented containerized cargo (hint: an American by the name of Malcolm P. McLean), read the article “The Truck Driver Who Reinvented Shipping,” and try The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger, by Marc Levinson. Both are fascinating reads!Having shown you what’s entailed in getting your shipment underway, I’d like to introduce you to one of my favorite solutions for the shipping phase: the freight forwarder.The Global Freight Forwarder: Your One-Stop Transport ProGlobal freight forwarders serve as all-around transport agents for moving export cargo, typically transporting it from a factory door to your customer’s warehouse or storage facility. Their service saves you lots of time, effort, and anxiety and is available for a very reasonable fee, usually under US$200 per transaction—an e xpense that you’ll include in your price quotation to your customer and recoup when you collect payment. These are just some of the things a freight forwarder will do for you:Handle all shipping arrangements on the basis of your specificationsTake legal responsibility for the shipmentPay up-front costs to move the productArrange for a carrier to arrive at your factory door at a specified date and timeBook space with transportation carriersHandle all documentation and see that it is properly processedArrange insurance, if requestedPresent documents to your bank in a timely fashion to meet your payment terms Suggest or make on-the-spot packing adjustments, if neededMove the product from the factory door to the port of exit, either by common carrier or rail Take responsibility for getting the cargo on the vessel in time to sail on schedule, thus enabling you to meet all the terms and conditions of your payment agreement Monitor the shipment from beginning to end and keep you informed throughout See to it that the shipment arrives safely at the foreign port of entry and proceeds from there, depending on the delivery terms that you quoted to your customerIf you were to undertake the transit of goods yourself, you would probably be overwhelmed by all these logistics, and you would certainly not achieve the savings that forwarders can, given the networks of service providers that they have in place and the volume and frequency of shipping that they do. You can find freight forwarders by conducting a web search using the keywords “Freight forwarders, international transportation” or you can check for listings in trade magazines or other international directories. You should find hundreds of them. In some instances, they will be categorized by the geographic area they serve, the type of commodity in which they specialize, or the transport modes they offer, such as air or ocean—most forwarders offer both. Pick two or three that seem like a good fit for your product and shipping destination. Some may be located near your office or by an airport or port facility that you expect to use often.The Kings and Queens of International Shipping: UPS, FedEx, DHL, and TNT Logistic experts UPS, FedEx, DHL, and TNT have long been considered the best in international shipping. Check with each of these companies in regard to their areas of expertise, including whether they not only ship worldwide but also handle fulfillment needs and collecting payments from customers worldwide.The electronic filing of export information, formerly do ne with the Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED) form, is the system used by US companies to electronically declare exports with the US Census Bureau. The process, now called electronic export information (EEI), is done through AES Direct the filing is required for items valued over $2,500 or on products requiring an export license. Most sophisticated carriers can take care of the electronic filing on your behalf for a small fee and provide options for you to self-file or provide your own company’s completed EEI. Check with each international carrier. Refer for more information.Third-Party Logistics and Fulfillment CentersExporting represents a significant opportunity for online small business retailers. Setting up an e-commerce site automatically puts you in front of a potential 2.4 billion online customers. To service even a fraction of those customers, you’ve got to get up to speed on how to package and ship your products internationally.A third-party logistics company (abbreviated 3PL) provides logistics services for part or all of your supply-chain-management functions. They can warehouse, pack, and ship your products to customers all over the world, for example. Some will even produce or procure goods for you. Many of these services can be scaled and customized to your needs. Further, 3PLs allow you to leverage their industry expertise, achieve volume discounts, and realize other benefits (better carrier rates, for instance). To get up and running, many service providers require you to have a good technology program developer on board to install appropriate applications. Prepare accordingly.NoteTypically with a 3PL, you’ll need to integrate your e-commerce platform closely with that of the 3PL’s provider. Major carriers like UPS and FedEx, for exa mple, offer tools or even application programming interfaces (APIs) that make it possible to calculate the landed cost and integrate shipping tools into your e-commerce platform. Consult with them on how to incorporate their APIs within your existing e-commerce platform.Ask whether your provider can not only calculate the international shipping costs on transactions but handle the fulfillment part on B-to-C transactions as well. Decisions must be made on who will put your product in a box, label it, insert the appropriate commercial invoice (used as a customs declaration form), calculate shipping charges (including tariffs, duties, and taxes), and ensure the product arrives to a customer’s final destination timely, economically, and safely. These are things a 3PL will do for you. It may be worth investigating one or more from the list we will look at to make the fulfillment part of e-commerce easier on yourself and your customers as well. Third-Party SuppliersHere is a short list of third-party suppliers (3PLs) who specialize in helping businesses ship internationally and deal with the customs, tariffs, and currency conversions worldwide. The whole point of using 3PLs is to enable you to reach customers globally and take on new customers by using existing technology systems— all without hiring extra employees.TipSome people shy away from putting all their eggs in one basket. In the case of selling, distributing, and marketing your products worldwide, you might want to consider a master logistics provider that does it all. That way, you develop a strong relationship and achieve efficient distribution with fewer touch points (meaning less people handling your product), letting you focus on perfecting your sales and marketing methods.Simple Methods to Improve Logistics and Boost SalesThere are a few other factors to consider before getting started with international carriers or 3PLs. Here are some steps you can take to improve your international e-commerce results Comparison shop between carriers and the various carrier-shipping-fulfillment options. Saving even pennies on each package you ship internationally can save you big bucks later on, and those savings can boost your bottom line. Use various online calculators (USPS, UPS, orFedEx, for instance) to get an idea of what it might cost to send your package to China as an example of the costs.Audit your shipping and fulfillments costs quarterly. See if you are making or losing money. If you are losing money, switch carriers or take an entirely new approach toward the product you are exporting, the market you are entering, and the carrier you are using.Scrutinize the rates of different carriers to decide whether to opt for a flat-rate price on each package or go by weight or measurement (whichever is greater) on the calculation.To ship free or not to ship free? That is the key question. Free shipping is a growing trend in e-commerce. The most popular offer is free shipping in exchange for a minimum order in dollars. Second to that is free shipping for a limited time only, such as three weeks prior to a Valentine’s Day shipping deadline. I’ve always fallen for the free shipping offers, especially when I need a product and it’s coming from overseas, showing that it does have a positive psychological influence on consumers, resulting in increased sales. If you offer free shipping, make sure you don’t lose money on those sales!SummaryYou now have some guidelines telling you what transport and fulfillment methods are available to get your product to your customer and how to make a cost-effective choice. As you move on to put together a price quotation for your customer, including price per unit, total transport, and incidental charges, you’ll see exactly how valuable working with a good global freight forwarder, logistics expert, or fulfillment company can be in making the sale and delivering the goods. 二、文献综述快递业研究文献综述摘要：近年来，中国快递产业发展迅速，目前已经在中国东部地区形成了以沿海大城市群为中心的区域性快运速递圈。

第三方物流文献综述

文献综述前言在国际贸易飞速发展的现今，掌握核心技术，降低生产成本，取得市场的核心竞争力已经成为各企业纷纷追逐的目标。

第三方物流是基于降低企业物流成本，集中精力发展核心产业为目的建立起的物流方式。

但通过多年的实践操作和应用，第三方物流的可行性在理论界和实践领域掀起一番争论，本文通过对国内外关于第三方物流资料的理解、综合与总结，归纳出目前的主导观点，通过物流实例的对比、分析，阐述第三方物流存在的可行性和发展意义。

通过对第三方物流的归纳和分析，浅谈第三方物流对我国开展国际贸易的促进作用和积极影响，并针对现有的问题，通过加快与国际物流接轨、加大政府对物流业的政策支持、加大对物流专业高级管理人才的培养力度、加快物流基础设施的建设、改善物流管理技术、促进企业与第三方物流商之间的沟通与信任等措施予以完善。

第三方物流的发展和运用是我国企业开展对外贸易的必要条件，促进我国对外贸易的进一步发展。

1、第三方物流的概述1.1第三方物流的产生20世纪80年代后期，欧美发达国家首先提出了第三方物流，即将业务外包引入到物流领域。

通过对其的理解，第三方物流公司其实本身并不拥有货物，只是为其客户在时间和空间上转移货物，通过提供服务而获得盈利。

由此可知，第三方物流其实是种委托—代理关系，物流外包方是委托方，第三方物流公司是代理方，通过契约的方式确定双方的权利和义务。

1990年，Prahalad ＆Hamel在《企业核心能力》中指出，核心能力是企业可持续竞争优势与新业务发展的源泉，它们应成为公司的战略焦点，企业只有具备核心能力、核心产品和市场导向这样的层次结构时，才能在全球竞争中取得持久的领先地位。

企业为了能在竞争中占有一席之地，不断寻求利润的获得点。

第三方物流国外文献综述

第三方物流国外文献综述(秉镰教授课上作业)一、总述ﻫ1。

国外对第三方物流的研究（图表见附件)ﻫ全球化条件下的物流经济发展呈现的几个特点：(1)基于网络、电子商务的发展,电子物流、物流管理系统信息化。

(２)向集约化和协同化方向发展,物流活动国际化。

一是物流园区的建设,二是物流企业的兼并和合作性加强.(物流业向规模化、国际化方向发展）ﻫ(3)物流服务向优质化、社会化、全球化方向发展.（第三方物流与物流中心的迅猛发展，物流服务，物流服务向全球化发展）上表是通过对来自于6１个国家的多于150０位供应链行政总裁的调查数据。

我们可以看出，最频繁的外包服务是本地和网络运输(分别是83%和79%),其次是仓库外包（69%),通关及报损外包（（67%）,以及货运外包（51%)。

这份报告还指出：ﻫ(1)运输外包在欧洲和太平洋地区更加广泛;(２)欧洲地区的总裁更倾向于外包他们的运输管理;ﻫ(3)相比起其他地区,北美洲的组织(5 1%)更倾向于将运费审计及支付工作外包（拉丁美洲10%,欧洲18％）;ﻫ(4)亚太地区以及拉丁美洲的组织对顾客服务外包更加关注。

在拉丁美洲,订单的到达,处理以及履行外包是其他地区的两倍;ﻫ（5)在亚洲地区，报关和货运外包叫其他地区更加广泛。

(1) TPL 的概念、特征、绩效、发展阶段等ﻫ①概念ﻫ第三方物流在国外常称之为契约物流、物流联盟、物流伙伴或物流外部化,类似于外协或契约物流（ Jａｍes C. Johnｓon，１9９８）;也有将TＰL 定义为：“一家公司使用另一公司进行所有或部分物料管理或产品分销" （ＲｏberｔＢ。

l— laｎdfield , 1９９6）的物流; TPＬ主要是“外协所有或部分公司的物流功能, 相对于基本服务, 契约物流服务提供复杂、多功能物流服务, 以长期互益的关系为特征" ( Rｕsselｌ A。

Gilｍore, 1９98); 它是“综合物流服务供应商, 提供给潜在顾客向一个供应商购买其所需的全部物流需求中的两个或两个以上方面服务的能力” （Ｂowerｓox, D。

第三方物流国外文献综述

第三方物流国外文献综述（秉镰教授课上作业）一、总述1.国外对第三方物流的研究（图表见附件）全球化条件下的物流经济发展呈现的几个特点：（1）基于网络、电子商务的发展，电子物流、物流管理系统信息化。

（2）向集约化和协同化方向发展，物流活动国际化。

一是物流园区的建设，二是物流企业的兼并和合作性加强。

（物流业向规模化、国际化方向发展）（3）物流服务向优质化、社会化、全球化方向发展。

（第三方物流与物流中心的迅猛发展，物流服务，物流服务向全球化发展）上表是通过对来自于61个国家的多于1500位供应链行政总裁的调查数据。

我们可以看出，最频繁的外包服务是本地和网络运输（分别是83%和79%），其次是仓库外包（69%），通关及报损外包（（67%），以及货运外包（51%）。

这份报告还指出：（1）运输外包在欧洲和太平洋地区更加广泛；（2）欧洲地区的总裁更倾向于外包他们的运输管理；（3）相比起其他地区，北美洲的组织（51%）更倾向于将运费审计及支付工作外包（拉丁美洲10%，欧洲18%）；（4）亚太地区以及拉丁美洲的组织对顾客服务外包更加关注。

在拉丁美洲，订单的到达，处理以及履行外包是其他地区的两倍；（5）在亚洲地区，报关和货运外包叫其他地区更加广泛。

(1) TPL 的概念、特征、绩效、发展阶段等①概念第三方物流在国外常称之为契约物流、物流联盟、物流伙伴或物流外部化，类似于外协或契约物流( James C. Johnson, 1998)；也有将TPL 定义为: “一家公司使用另一公司进行所有或部分物料管理或产品分销” ( Robert B. l- landfield , 1996)的物流; TPL主要是“外协所有或部分公司的物流功能, 相对于基本服务, 契约物流服务提供复杂、多功能物流服务, 以长期互益的关系为特征” ( Russell A. Gilmore, 1998); 它是“综合物流服务供应商, 提供给潜在顾客向一个供应商购买其所需的全部物流需求中的两个或两个以上方面服务的能力” ( Bowersox, D. J, 1998)。