多维教程熟谙_Unit_2_段落大意_summary
多维英语教程课文翻译
多为英语教程课文翻译（第二册）Unit 1 从能力到责任1、当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成功、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找自我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
（They are torn by (1) idealism of service…(2)the temptation to retreat into…）2、最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市做出贡献。
(undergraduate experience大学教育quality素质To be socially and civically engaged为……所用) 雷赫德·尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”(注：Man cannot behold 一个人不能看到自身潜except he be committed 除非他承担社会义务)本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念。
（The idealism of …must reflect itself in loyalties 这种带有理想主义色彩的观念必须进行彻底反省）在一个充满挑剔、竞争激烈的时代(in this hard-edged, competitive age)人们期望大学生能生活得正直、文明，live with integrity, civility甚至富有同情心，这是否已是一种奢望?(is it too much to expect…?) 人们期望大学的人文教育会在学生的人际交往上反映出他们的人性化，如今是否仍然适合?（is it appropriate to hope…?）3、毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务（civic obligation）。
多维-unit2-课文对照翻译-family business the next generation
Family business : the next generation1America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind. Over the next 20 years, an estimated $15 trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。
在今后20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。
2Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses. But the viability of many these transfers is questionable. The fact is most will fail. Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation. Survival of a family business into the third generation is a rare occurrence.大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。
但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。
事实上，大多数的交接工作将会失败。
一般来说，只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。
一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。
3Thousands of family businesses, some of the household names, will disappear over the next decade. The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning. For many, however, it may already be too late. The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one, but three, not even five years ahead. Indeed, a comprehensive succession plan, which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies, generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.在下一个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。
研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译及课后练习参考答案
Unit3 美国人的酷爱我父亲是别克人。
在经济大萧条以前，他本是史达兹人。
然而，就像成千上万经济状况处于上升阶段的有车族一样，那场可悲的经济逆转使他们非得调整对汽车的胃口不可。
到他死的时候，他开过的那些别克轿车就不只是普通意义上的交通工具了，而且将父亲定位于这样的社会阶层——比庞蒂亚克人富有，但比不上克迪拉克人。
拥有别克轿车让人一看便知父亲的社会地位。
与别克人相当的还有福特人和克莱斯勒人。
我们美国人与汽车的特殊缘分，其坚实的基础就在于对一种轿车品牌的忠诚，这种忠诚因其来之不易而倍受珍惜。
·这就是爱吗?也许用词过分，可美国人对这些机器的尊重甚过所有其他机器——不仅将它们视为20世纪雕塑大观中的标志，而且还将它们视为社会的护身符。
我记忆中的第一辆别克车是一辆闪闪发亮的黑色轿车，椅子的衬垫是厚厚的马海毛，离合器拉杆是新式的。
我父亲爱吹嘘说这辆车一小时能跑120英里。
一想到这样的速度就会令男人们兴奋不已。
我照着家里的菲尔可牌收音机盒里播出的格林，霍利特驾驶的那个神秘机器的名字，给这头漂亮的牲口取了个名副其实的绰号——黑美驹。
20世纪中，电话、电视或者个人电脑，这一切都使人类环境发生了巨大变化。
然而，与电话、电视、电脑不同的是，汽车却享有人格化的地位。
有些汽车可以成为家庭成员，机械宠物。
我们给汽车起名字，在自己·家的车道上精心打扮汽车，在汽车不能满足我们的需要时诅咒它们。
在折旧换新之时为旧车的离去而悲哀。
人们对汽车的热爱让环境保护者、安全为重的倡导者以及社会工程师们感到不安。
他们认为通往人间天堂的道路应该到处都铺设公交运输所必备的发亮轨道。
他们想象着我们加入未来拥挤不堪的自行车行列，而不是像一位激动不已的评论家所预见的那样，坐在“傲慢的双轮马车”方向盘后。
这种态度不是现在才有的。
首先是铁路，接着是汽车造成的人口流动早已使得守旧的特权阶层感到不安。
在战场上有过辉煌，但却以鄙视下层民众而出名的威林顿公爵在150年前就曾反对英国发展铁路，这是因为火车只会怂恿普通人毫无意义地到处走动。
考试段落总结(研究生英语多维教程熟谙)
Unit1 从能力到责任When today’s high-school seniors are asked what they plan to do after graduates, most say that they intend to get a bachelor’s degree. They have been told that their generation has only “one way to win”-by getting at least at least a bachelor’s degree, in the hope that it will eventually lead to a professional job.In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the Nation Center for Education Statistics, 85 percent of the respondents said they planned to ge t a bachelor’s degree. And, although20 years ago only 45 percent of high-school graduates went on to college, today 68 percent actually matriculate (注册), with the majority enrolling in four-year or two-year programs designed to allow them transfer to four-year institutions.According to conventional wisdom, the rapid rise in the number of students attending college is cause for national celebration. But our research suggests that, intend it may be cause for national concern. Why? Because for many young peo ple, the “one way to win” paradigm (例子)is not realistic, given their academic talents and the labor-market projections. Students ranking below the top third of their high-school graduating class too often fail to earn as bachelor’s degree if they enroll in college. The cost of such failure–in both dollars and unmet expectations-is rising and beginning to erode public confidence in our system of high education.A 1.（Arnod Toynbee has said that all progress…）德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
多维教程·熟谙 课文翻译(1-5)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
-----如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
研究生英语-多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时,那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语,曾让公众一筹莫展。
多维课文译文
多维教程Unit2 家族企业:下一代1 美国正处于人类历史上最重大的财富交接时期之一，在未来的20年中，大约有15兆美元的资产将从这一代人的手中转到下一代人的名下。
2 其申大部分财富以家族企业的形式进行交接，但是许多企业交接后的生存能力值得怀疑，事实上绝大部分将倒闭。
通常只有三分之一的企业能成功地转交到第二代人手中，家族企业能在第三代人手中幸存下来的现象比较罕见。
3 成千上万的家族企业，包括一些家喻户晓的企业，将在未来十年中消失。
令人悲哀的是，如果规划适当的话，许多企业本应能够幸存下来，然而，对于许多企亚来说，也许为时已晚。
开始筹划家族企业承接需要充分时间，不是一年、三年，甚至五年都不够。
确实，要完善地构造一项全面的承接计划，包括复杂的不动产规划策略，大概需要至少十年的时间。
4每一个家族企业，无论其规模大小，技术含量高低，众所周知的还是默默无闻的，都有与众不同的特点。
但是，尽管情况千差万别，一个业要想能够进行成功交接的话必须具备下列四项要素。
计划承接管理5（家族企业的）所有人或创建者具有极其强烈的紧迫感并且精力充沛，他们常常不仅在某一项技术上出类拔萃。
在许多情况下，生产专家同时还是营销天才或资深金融家，代替他们可能需要不止一个人，因此，家庭业主应通过创建编制图表来精确地决定企业将如何运作。
承接队伍中的每一位核心成员均应创建自己的蓝图，然后进行对比，其不同之处将表明管理结构中的差异并突出显示误解所在与认识上的不同。
6 以朱迪为例,朱迪拥有一个软件公司，并有三个孩子蜓―个是电脑奇才，一个是鮮手，一个虽然拿到了工商管理学位却对公司不感兴趣。
另外，朱迪还有一个强大的管理团队，根据她的情况，她应该考虑把所有权交给孩子，让其管理团队继续经营企业。
7 无论从家庭成员内或家庭成员外寻找合造的人选来填充这些职位都不是件容易的事，更不是一蹴而就的事。
因而，关键是在承接过程中要尽早硏制行动计划以及时间表，以便有条不紊行职责交接。
(完整版)研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
多维教程·熟谙_课文翻译(1-5)
Unit2 家庭企业：下一代的前景1美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。
在今后的20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。
2大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。
但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。
事实上，多数的交接工作将会失败。
一般来说，只有1／3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。
一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。
3在下—个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。
糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。
然而，很多企业已为时太晚了。
一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年，三年甚至是五年进行的。
确切地说，一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。
4无论规模的大小，技术的高低或名气是否响亮，每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。
但是无论怎样不同，在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前，以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。
计划你的交接管理机构5业主／企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。
他们往往擅长多种技能。
在很多情况下，他们既是生产专家，又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。
要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。
因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。
参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。
然后，对它们进行比较。
各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。
6以朱蒂为例。
朱蒂拥有一家软件公司，她共有三个孩子：一个是电脑天才，一个是赛车手，还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。
另外，朱蒂有一个强有力的管理队伍。
根据她的情况，她应该考虑把公司的所有权移交给她的孩子们，但是依然让她的管理队伍来经营公司。
7在家庭内或家庭外物色适当人选担任这些职位是不容易的，或者说不是一夜之间可以敲定的。
因此，提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的，以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。
英语3000stepbystepPart2以及多维教程熟谙课后翻译
UNIT1Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members.Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.B SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532.483.34. The United States5.Canada6.October 18th7.No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East Timor Tapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."MsHeuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last? 8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?UNIT2Part II News ReportsA ...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people couldsuffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50liters 8. 500 litersUNIT3Part II News reportsA Summary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup 4 HSBC Banking Company -- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler 1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft 3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan. Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components.Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline. Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."UNIT4Part II News reportsASummary :… the smallest a nd most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A reddwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 timesthe mass of the earth.BEvent : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008 First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997 • Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecr afts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December • Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust andcondensatesGrand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.UNIT5Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!” “and I really like the taste of it”But we’re not just talking about taste. Research now shows that some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil ---- are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that mayoffer your body great protection against chronic disease“Including cancer, obesity, heart disease. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals.”Natalie Ledsma is a registered dietician at U. C. S. F. she says compounds found in super foods --- called phytochemicals ---- can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.One her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosema ry and thyme, and any intensly colored spice, like turmeric or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.”Turmeric many reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies. But not just nay green veggy.“Brussels sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolis m.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.“it is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with pr ostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamins C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid ---- antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed ---- both are excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.“soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart fight cancer, and help with asthma.BI.Harvard Medical SchoolII.Borderline high blood pressureIII.10 /7IV.Cardiovascular / by a quarterChances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1V.A: no more than 3 gramsB: fast foodC: labelsD: fresh fruit and vegetables听力原文：Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. Many reports, researchers at Harvard Medical School say the significant reduction in salt intake can cut the chances of heart disease and strokes by a quarter. Here isour health correspondent, Adam Brimelow.It’s long been known that cutting salt can reduce blood pressure. But there has been much less evidence of what it means for cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The Harvard team followed up people with borderline high blood pressure, who had taken in part in two salt reduction studies, typically cutting intake from 10 to 7 grams a day. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next decade or so was cut by a quarter compared with those who did not reduce their salt intake. And their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease fell by 5/1. In developed countries such as the United States and the UK, the average adult daily salt intake is about 10 grams. Much of this is already in the food that people buy, including processed foods and bread. Many experts say no one should have more than 3 grams. They say the best way to cut salt, is to get away from fast food, check labels and have plenty of fresh fruit and vegetable. Adam Brimelow reporting.UNIT6Part IIA:1.identify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,0002.A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes in every cellsC: produce chemical instructions the cell needs in order to build and run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or prevent B: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mind D: a scientific description IV controversy Abuse 2.warfare听力原文：The goal of the human genome project initiated in the early 1990s is to identify, catalog, map and analyze every one of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human body. If the multi-billion-dollar project is successful, its effects may be as fundamental to the human future as the discovery of fire and seed agriculture once were.To understand the significance of the human genome project, it is necessary to know that each gene is a piece of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Genes are located on chromosomes that in turn reside in every cell in arrangements similar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladder. The sequence of genetic rungs produces the chemical instructions the cells need in order to build and run the human body. By identifying the location and makeup of each gene, the genome project should help scientists cure orUNIT7Part II New Ways to communicateA11.When a friend is online2. 1.6milion3.3,0004.you can only contact someone (on the same network asyou. )using the same programugh out loud.A2Online / popular / take off / signing up / by / make upObvious / one very important disadvantage / bright / voice converstation / swap / funnyWhen you meet someone for the first time，do you ask their ASL? Do you LOL if they come out with something funny, and say CU L8er when you finish the conversation? If you know what I’m talking about, then you are probably already a user of instant messaging, or IM.The idea behind IM is simple. A program on your computer tells you when a friend is online. You can then send a message to your friend, who can type a reply instantly. To do this, you need an IM program. Worldwide, AIM, the instant messaging service provided by AOL, is by far the most popular. It has 195 million users who send about 1.6 billion messages every day. ICQ, which is owned by AOL, has about 140 million messengers, and MSN and Windows IM make up about 75 million users. The advantage over e-mail is that with instant messaging you know you’re likely to get a reply. IM is already hugely popular in the USA, where people spend five times more time online than in Europe. However, IM is starting to take off in the UK, with over 3,000 people signing up to MSN Messenger alone every day. While the plus points of IM are obvious, there is one very important disadvantage: you can only contact someone on the same network as you. If your friend is using AIM, and you are using MSN, you cannot talk to each other. This makes IM less useful than it should be. Imagine if you couldn’t send an e-mail form hotmail to yahoo. However, things look like they’ll change soon. In general, the future looks bright for IM. Lots of programs also allow you to have voice conversations, video conferencing ---- this means you can see the other person using a webcam ---- and also let you swap pictures, music and other files.So, perhaps we’ll all soon be asking someone’s age, sex and location (ASL), and laughing out loud (LOL) when they say something funny. See you later (CU L8er).B: How do you meet new people, make new friends, or find out about the latest bands? Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However there is a new generation growing up that finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net, using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website ---- a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meet other like-minded people.The most successful social networking website in the UK is MySpac . as of July 2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website, attracting almost 3 million visitors per month. Myspace claims to have 95 million members with 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become to successful? Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity. Each new member can build their own page simply --- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files. Then they describe themselves, listing their likes, dislikes, favorite bands, relatio nship status, etc. it’s an easy way to hook up with people who share your interest.Briana Dougherty, a 25-year-old MySpace devotee, told us, “It’s a casual way to stay in contact without appearing weird. ” it seems that many people do not feel comfortable giving out their phone number or personal e-mail address to new acquaintances but are perfectly happy to trade MySpace profilesWhile socializing is the key to MySpace’s success, love of music is at the heart of the community. Indeed, most aspiring musicians in the UK upload their songs to the site, and with good reason: unsigned artists, Arctic Monkeys and Lilly Allen created such a buzz on the site that they were offered recording contracts and scored number one hits.Social network sites could be a great place to practice your English. Why not give it a try? You can tell us about your experience by filing in the new comments form at the top of the screen.Statements:1.Most young people in the UK make new friends at work.2.Yahoo and Google are social networking sites.3.MySpace is one of the top five English-language website.4.New brands put their music on the web for people to listen to.ers of social networks usually pay for the service.UNIT8Part II eco-conscious constructionA The world’s first eco-city / off the coast Agricultural land / half a million / $1.3 billion / a sustainability consultant Sustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model / minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power / power and fertilizers / electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck bya series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room -- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heat no furnaceno air-conditioning solar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobe thermal mass milk-based paintceiling: galvanized inside wall: plaster no carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A--Alan J--Jones L--LoganA: Many environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future won't be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones recently visited a building site near Boulder and brings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, he'll tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the building's many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls -- if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat, but Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.J: In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.L: This room and the inside of this room- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted. The ceiling is made out of galvanized metal and the walls are plaster. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry, it involves doing it over and over many times in the lifetime of the building.J: And don't look for any carpeting in Logan's house.L: Well even if carpet is made from recycled material, it still can't be recycled the second time currently, so carpet virtually always gets thrown away. Also, most carpet gives off volatile organic compounds.J: Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well. The house won't be connected to a city water system. But he says the roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use. Logan is paying $75 a square foot to build his house, and estimates environmental features added 10 - 15% to the up-front costs. But he says he'll save money in the long run.L: In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months. A low-flow showerhead in most situations will pay for itself in a month.UNIT9PART IIIn 1888, Boston, Massachusetts, became the first American city to replace horse-drawn trolleys with electric streetcars. Streetcars, which look similar to train passenger coaches, clanged their bells, rattled around the corners and crried almost 14 billion riders at their height in 1920.old photos show overhead vires crisscrossing almost every US city. Then streetcars ridership replaced trolleys steadily as Americans took to automobiles and communities replaced trolleys with buses. But now it seems cities can’t lay streetcars tracks fast enough.So why is the number of US cities running streetcars and other light rail systems now up to 19? Why are 43 other cities building or drawing plans for light rail lines?Dan T angherlini is acting dicrestor of Wanshington D.C.’s Transportation Department.:Many cities are beginning to re-evaluate that decision to move away from streetcars. We look at current bus ridership members, and many of the routes that have the highest bus ridership were some of our most popular streetcar routes. So there goes the notiong that the buses are providing increased flexibility, at least on those roads. And so maybe there’s something between the very expensive subway systems, which cost between 140 and 200 million dollars a mile and the bus route. And that’s what we’re beginning to ask.Streetcar lines cost less than 10 million dollars a mile to build. Washington is the latest city to announce it is studying the feasibility of bringing back streetcars, even though it already it already enjoys a fast-moving regional subway system called “metro” that runs through several parts of the city.Across country in Washington D.C., Bill Lind works for a conservative think tank called the Free Congress Foundation. The organization has printed several studies supporting light rail transit, including streetcars.“The old rationale for getting rid of the streetcars is that they get in the way of the automobiles. But what we found is that the automobile, generally with one person per car, is probably the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space you have on urban streets. If you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar, you’re doing a lot better job of making use of the street space you have.”Even if Washington’s transit department gets the green light to bring back streetcars, it’s likely to be at least ten years before Mr. Lind and his neighbor will be riding them. The city has to secure federal funding for a。
《多维教程-熟谙》- Unit2
Text 2: Family Business: the Next GenerationDavid Zaudtke Doug AmmermaIntroductions: In Chinese, there is a saying that it is by no means easy for a clan to remain its prosperity over three generations. It is not common for a clan to remain a very humble situation over three generations either. As success of a family business seems to be checked by many factors. In different generations, all the background leading to success or failure would change. In terms of the succession to a family business, success is decided by many factors. The authors of this text have pointed out four factors. Do you agree with the authors?）1.America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind. Over the next 20years, an estimated $15trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.2.Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses. But the viability of many of these transfers is questionable. The fact is, most will fail. Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation. Survival of a family business into the third generation isa rare occurrence.3.Thousands of family businesses, some of the household names, will disappear over the next decade. The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning. For many, however, it may already be too late.The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one, not three, not even five years ahead. Indeed, a comprehensive succession plan, which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies, generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.4.Whether large or small, high-tech or low, public or private, every family-owned business is different. But regardless of how diverse they are, four key elements must be in place before a business can be successfully passed from one generation to another.5.Plan Your Succession ManagementOwners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. Often they excel at more than one skill. In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. Replacing them may require more than one person. Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.6.Take Judy, for instance. Judy owns a software company and has three children ---a computer whiz, a racecar drive and one with a business degree but no interest in the company. In addition, Judy has a strong management team in plac e. In her case, she should consider giving ownership to children, but continuing to have the management team run the business.7.Finding people from within the family, or from outside, to fill those spots may not be easy, nor happen overnight. Therefore, it is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities.8.Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees. More often than not, they hold key positions in management. Therefore, you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans. Key managers must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.9.There is also the matter of timing. The children you hope will take over may be too young or inexperienced when you retired. In such cases, transitional management teams may be formed to provide interim management until the children are properly trained and seasoned to be in a position to manage the business successfully.10.Define Family Employment PracticesEstablish a clear employment policy for family members and stick to it. Most parents believe their children should be treated equally. Company executives, however, must be selected on ability. Selection should be made on the needs of the business rather than on the needs of the children.11.For example, Jim owns an electric company. He treats his three children equally---all three work for the company and receive the same salary. All three, however, do not work equal hours, nor are they all dedicated to the business. Instead of benefiting from the equality, there is discord and resentment in the company because only one child really works.12.Parents can pass on their legacy to their children without necessarily giving them control of a company.When the children are not suited to take over the business-about 30 percent of the time-other methods can be found for them to share in the family wealth.13.However, if you do determine that a child will carry on the business, you should be sure your choice is capable. Ensure that he or she will receive the right education and business experience.14.Outside job experience is extremely useful for children who will one day assume control. Working outside the family business can give them valuable experience, expose them to differing management styles and give them the confidence to know that their successes are their own. Often they will receive better mentoring and more opportunities to take responsibility than they would in the family business. Proving themselves outside the family business also gives children greater credibility with employees when they do eventually take control of the family business.15.For those families that insist their children begin their careers at the family business, children should start at the level that their education and experience justify-even if it means sweeping floors, operating a machine on the factory floor, etc. The experience will be invaluable. In addition, working their way up from the bottom will increase their respect among employees and management. In our experience, children who develop in this manner are twice as likely to succeed than children who assume unearned executive positions.16.Establish and Maintain Family HarmonyRivalries and jealousies can be extremely time-consuming, not to mention destructive. Once children have grown, married and have children of their own, they are considered a separate family with different -and sometimes conflicting-ideas. If the business is large enough, consider seating an outside board of directors toensure that the interest of the family and business are properly balanced.17.Develop a family business vision document to make certain family members-as well as employees, suppliersand customers-understand the future of the company. Used family council meetings to communicate to all family members about the company and issues facing it now and in the future.panies and families that communicate often, honestly and on a timely basis increase their probability ofsurviving and prospering.19.Plan Your EstatePoor estate planning has led to the demise of more family businesses than any other cause. In many of these cases, the liquidity needs caused by estate taxes due on the value of the family business are far greater than the business can absorb.20.In most cases, life insurance may be an effective way to cover estate taxes. However, the cost of lifeinsurance for a business reinvesting most of its capital in growing the business usually makes the insurance an impractical solution for the entire estate-tax dilemma. In most cases, there is a need to utilize other planning techniques to minimize estate-tax costs.21.That was the case for a grocery store owner who spent all of his capital on expanding the business and not buying insurance. Unfortunately, he died after completion of the renovations. There was nothing left to pay estate taxes, so the family had to sell the business.22.With the help of your advisors, find ways to reduce or manage the transfer taxes. Again, it is important to start the process as early as possible.23.These are the four "must" elements. However, underlying all of them is a willingness to make difficult decisions and do what is best for the business and the family.24.Dealing with succession issues may cause you discomfort or even great pain. However, if not addressed early in the succession process, these very same issues will come up later when it may be impossible to deal with them. Remember, your ultimate goal is the survival of the company so that your children, employees and community continue to derive the benefits your company provides.25.The best way to assure the existence of the family business into future generations is to deal with issues in a comprehensive manner well before the final succession is to take place. For the overwhelming majority of family businesses, that means now.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:1.Owners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. || Often they excel at more than one skill.In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. || Replacing them may require more than one person. || Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. || Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. || The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas ofmisunderstanding and differences in perception.2. Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees .|| More often than not,they hold key positions in management. || Therefore, you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans. || Key management must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. || Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.Translate the following Chinese into English1.他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主管。
英语3000 step by step Part2 以及多维教程熟谙课后翻译
UNIT1Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members.Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.B SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532.483.34. The United States5.Canada6.October 18th7.No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorForty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."MsHeuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last? 8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?UNIT2Part II News ReportsA ...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people couldsuffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50liters 8. 500 litersUNIT3Part II News reportsA Summary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup 4 HSBC Banking Company -- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler 1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft 3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan. Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components.Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline. Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."UNIT4Part II News reportsASummary :… the smallest a nd most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A reddwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 timesthe mass of the earth.BEvent : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008 First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997 • Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecr afts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December • Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust andcondensatesGrand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.UNIT5Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!” “and I really like the taste of it”But we’re not just talking about taste. Research now shows that some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil ---- are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that mayoffer your body great protection against chronic disease“Including cancer, obesity, heart disease. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals.”Natalie Ledsma is a registered dietician at U. C. S. F. she says compounds found in super foods --- called phytochemicals ---- can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.One her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosema ry and thyme, and any intensly colored spice, like turmeric or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.”Turmeric many reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies. But not just nay green veggy.“Brussels sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolis m.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.“it is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with pr ostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamins C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid ---- antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed ---- both are excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.“soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart fight cancer, and help with asthma.BI.Harvard Medical SchoolII.Borderline high blood pressureIII.10 /7IV.Cardiovascular / by a quarterChances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1V.A: no more than 3 gramsB: fast foodC: labelsD: fresh fruit and vegetables听力原文：Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. Many reports, researchers at Harvard Medical School say the significant reduction in salt intake can cut the chances of heart disease and strokes by a quarter. Here isour health correspondent, Adam Brimelow.It’s long been known that cutting salt can reduce blood pressure. But there has been much less evidence of what it means for cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The Harvard team followed up people with borderline high blood pressure, who had taken in part in two salt reduction studies, typically cutting intake from 10 to 7 grams a day. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next decade or so was cut by a quarter compared with those who did not reduce their salt intake. And their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease fell by 5/1. In developed countries such as the United States and the UK, the average adult daily salt intake is about 10 grams. Much of this is already in the food that people buy, including processed foods and bread. Many experts say no one should have more than 3 grams. They say the best way to cut salt, is to get away from fast food, check labels and have plenty of fresh fruit and vegetable. Adam Brimelow reporting.UNIT6Part IIA:1.identify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,0002.A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes in every cellsC: produce chemical instructions the cell needs in order to build and run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or prevent B: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mind D: a scientific description IV controversy Abuse 2.warfare听力原文：The goal of the human genome project initiated in the early 1990s is to identify, catalog, map and analyze every one of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human body. If the multi-billion-dollar project is successful, its effects may be as fundamental to the human future as the discovery of fire and seed agriculture once were.To understand the significance of the human genome project, it is necessary to know that each gene is a piece of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Genes are located on chromosomes that in turn reside in every cell in arrangements similar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladder. The sequence of genetic rungs produces the chemical instructions the cells need in order to build and run the human body. By identifying the location and makeup of each gene, the genome project should help scientists cure orUNIT7Part II New Ways to communicateA11.When a friend is online2. 1.6milion3.3,0004.you can only contact someone (on the same network asyou. )using the same programugh out loud.A2Online / popular / take off / signing up / by / make upObvious / one very important disadvantage / bright / voice converstation / swap / funnyWhen you meet someone for the first time，do you ask their ASL? Do you LOL if they come out with something funny, and say CU L8er when you finish the conversation? If you know what I’m talking about, then you are probably already a user of instant messaging, or IM.The idea behind IM is simple. A program on your computer tells you when a friend is online. You can then send a message to your friend, who can type a reply instantly. To do this, you need an IM program. Worldwide, AIM, the instant messaging service provided by AOL, is by far the most popular. It has 195 million users who send about 1.6 billion messages every day. ICQ, which is owned by AOL, has about 140 million messengers, and MSN and Windows IM make up about 75 million users. The advantage over e-mail is that with instant messaging you know you’re likely to get a reply. IM is already hugely popular in the USA, where people spend five times more time online than in Europe. However, IM is starting to take off in the UK, with over 3,000 people signing up to MSN Messenger alone every day. While the plus points of IM are obvious, there is one very important disadvantage: you can only contact someone on the same network as you. If your friend is using AIM, and you are using MSN, you cannot talk to each other. This makes IM less useful than it should be. Imagine if you couldn’t send an e-mail form hotmail to yahoo. However, things look like they’ll change soon. In general, the future looks bright for IM. Lots of programs also allow you to have voice conversations, video conferencing ---- this means you can see the other person using a webcam ---- and also let you swap pictures, music and other files.So, perhaps we’ll all soon be asking someone’s age, sex and location (ASL), and laughing out loud (LOL) when they say something funny. See you later (CU L8er).B: How do you meet new people, make new friends, or find out about the latest bands? Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However there is a new generation growing up that finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net, using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website ---- a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meet other like-minded people.The most successful social networking website in the UK is MySpac . as of July 2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website, attracting almost 3 million visitors per month. Myspace claims to have 95 million members with 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become to successful? Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity. Each new member can build their own page simply --- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files. Then they describe themselves, listing their likes, dislikes, favorite bands, relatio nship status, etc. it’s an easy way to hook up with people who share your interest.Briana Dougherty, a 25-year-old MySpace devotee, told us, “It’s a casual way to stay in contact without appearing weird. ” it seems that many people do not feel comfortable giving out their phone number or personal e-mail address to new acquaintances but are perfectly happy to trade MySpace profilesWhile socializing is the key to MySpace’s success, love of music is at the heart of the community. Indeed, most aspiring musicians in the UK upload their songs to the site, and with good reason: unsigned artists, Arctic Monkeys and Lilly Allen created such a buzz on the site that they were offered recording contracts and scored number one hits.Social network sites could be a great place to practice your English. Why not give it a try? You can tell us about your experience by filing in the new comments form at the top of the screen.Statements:1.Most young people in the UK make new friends at work.2.Yahoo and Google are social networking sites.3.MySpace is one of the top five English-language website.4.New brands put their music on the web for people to listen to.ers of social networks usually pay for the service.UNIT8Part II eco-conscious constructionA The world’s first eco-city / off the coast Agricultural land / half a million / $1.3 billion / a sustainability consultant Sustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model / minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power / power and fertilizers / electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck bya series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room -- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heat no furnaceno air-conditioning solar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobe thermal mass milk-based paintceiling: galvanized inside wall: plaster no carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A--Alan J--Jones L--LoganA: Many environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future won't be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones recently visited a building site near Boulder and brings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, he'll tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the building's many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls -- if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat, but Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.J: In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.L: This room and the inside of this room- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted. The ceiling is made out of galvanized metal and the walls are plaster. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry, it involves doing it over and over many times in the lifetime of the building.J: And don't look for any carpeting in Logan's house.L: Well even if carpet is made from recycled material, it still can't be recycled the second time currently, so carpet virtually always gets thrown away. Also, most carpet gives off volatile organic compounds.J: Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well. The house won't be connected to a city water system. But he says the roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use. Logan is paying $75 a square foot to build his house, and estimates environmental features added 10 - 15% to the up-front costs. But he says he'll save money in the long run.L: In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months. A low-flow showerhead in most situations will pay for itself in a month.UNIT9PART IIIn 1888, Boston, Massachusetts, became the first American city to replace horse-drawn trolleys with electric streetcars. Streetcars, which look similar to train passenger coaches, clanged their bells, rattled around the corners and crried almost 14 billion riders at their height in 1920.old photos show overhead vires crisscrossing almost every US city. Then streetcars ridership replaced trolleys steadily as Americans took to automobiles and communities replaced trolleys with buses. But now it seems cities can’t lay streetcars tracks fast enough.So why is the number of US cities running streetcars and other light rail systems now up to 19? Why are 43 other cities building or drawing plans for light rail lines?Dan Tangherlini is acting dicrestor of Wanshington D.C.’s Transportation Department.:Many cities are beginning to re-evaluate that decision to move away from streetcars. We look at current bus ridership members, and many of the routes that have the highest bus ridership were some of our most popular streetcar routes. So there goes the notiong that the buses are providing increased flexibility, at least on those roads. And so maybe there’s something between the very expensive subway systems, which cost between 140 and 200 million dollars a mile and the bus route. And that’s what we’re beginning to ask.Streetcar lines cost less than 10 million dollars a mile to build. Washington is the latest city to announce it is studying the feasibility of bringing back streetcars, even though it already it already enjoys a fast-moving regional subway system called “metro” that runs through several parts of the city.Across country in Washington D.C., Bill Lind works for a conservative think tank called the Free Congress Foundation. The organization has printed several studies supporting light rail transit, including streetcars.“The old rationale for getting rid of the streetcars is that they get in the way of the automobiles. But what we found is that the automobile, generally with one person per car, is probably the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space you have on urban streets. If you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar, you’re doing a lot better job of making use of the street space you have.”Even if Washington’s transit department gets the green light to bring back streetcars, it’s likely to be at least ten years before Mr. Lind and his neighbor will be riding them. The city has to secure federal funding for a。
《多维教程-熟谙》-Unit2
Text 2: Family Busin ess: the Next Gen erati onDavid Zaudtke Doug AmmermaIn troduct ions: In Chin ese, there is a say ing that it is by no means easy for a cla n to rema in its prosperity over three gen erati on s. It is not com mon for a cla n to rema in a very humble situati on over three gen erati ons either As success of a family bus in ess seems to be checked by many factors. In differe nt gen erati ons, all the backgro und lead ing to success or failure would cha nge.In terms of the successi on to a family bus in ess, success is decided by many factors. The authors of this text have poin ted out four factors. Do you agree with the authors? )1. America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind. Over the next 20 years, anestimated $15trillio n in assets will be tran sferred from one gen erati on to the n ext.2.Much of this wealth tran sfer will be in the form of family-ow ned bus in esses. But the viability of many of these tran sfers is questi on able . The fact is, most will fail. Typically, only one out of three bus in esses is successfully tran sferred to the sec ond gen erati on. Survival of a family bus in ess into the third gen erati on is a rare occurrenee .3.Thousa nds of family bus in esses, some of the household n ames, will disappear over the n ext decade. The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning. For many, however, it may already be too late. The proper time to start pla nning the successi on of a family bus in ess is not one, not three, not eve n five years ahead. In deed, acomprehe nsive successi on pla n, which in cludes sophisticated estate pla nning strategies, gen erally requires at least a 10-year horiz on to be properly structured.4.Whether large or small, high-tech or low, public or private , every family-ow ned bus in ess is differe nt. But regardless of how diverse they are, four key eleme nts must be in place before a bus in ess can be successfully passed from one gen erati on to ano ther.5.Plan Your Successi on Man ageme ntOwners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic . Often they excel at more than one skill .In many cases, product ion experts are also market ing geni uses or skilled finan ciers. Replaci ng them may require more tha n one pers on.Therefore, family bus in ess owners should determ ine exactly how the bus in ess functions by creati ng orga ni zati onal charts . Each key member of the successi on process should create his or her own chart. These charts should the n be compared. The differe nces will point to gaps in the man ageme nt structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception .6.Take Judy, for instanee. Judy owns a software company and has three children ---a computer whiz , a racecar drive and one with a bus in ess degree but no in terest in the compa ny. In additi on, Judy has a strong man ageme nt team in place.In her case, she should con sider givi ng own ership to childre n, but con ti nuing to have the man ageme nt team run the bus in ess.7.Finding people from with in the family, or from outside, to fill those spots may not be easy, nor happe n overnight .Therefore, it is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities.8.Few bus in esses, even family bus in esses, grow without the help of loyal employees. More ofte n tha n not , they hold key positi ons in man ageme nt. Therefore, you must keep your employees in formed about Iong-range succession plans. Key managers must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their resp on sibilities will be in a successi on-man ageme nt structure. Develop a compe nsati on and ben efit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best in terests of the bus in ess and the family.9.There is also the matter of timing . The children you hope will take over may be too young or inexperieneed when you retired.In such cases, transitional management teams may be formed to provide interim man ageme nt un til the childre n are properly trained and seas oned to be in a positi on to man age the bus in ess successfully.10.Define Family Employme nt PracticesEstablish a clear employment policy for family members and stick to it. Most parents believe their children should be treated equally. Compa ny executives, however, must be selected on ability . Select ion should be made on the n eeds of the bus in ess rather tha n on the n eeds of the childre n.11.For example, Jim owns an electric company. He treats his three children equally---all three work for the company and receive the same salary. All three, however, do not work equal hours, nor are they all dedicated to the bus in ess. In stead of ben efiti ng from the equality, there is discord and rese ntme nt in the compa ny because only one child really works. 12.Parents can pass on their legacy to their children without necessarily giving them control of a company. When the childre n are not suited to take over the bus in ess-about 30 perce nt of the time-other methods canbe found for them to share in the family wealth.13.However, if you do determ ine that a child will carry on the bus in ess, you should be sure your choice is capable. En sure that he or she will receive the right educati on and bus in ess experie nee.14.Outside job experie nee is extremely useful for childre n who will one day assume con trol. Worki ng outside the family bus in ess can give them valuable experie nee, expose them to differi ng man ageme nt styles and give them the con fide nee to know that their successes are their own. Ofte n they will receive better men tori ng and more opport un ities to take resp on sibility tha n they would in the family bus in ess. Provi ng themselves outside the family bus in ess also gives childre n greater credibility with employees whe n they do even tually take con trol of the family bus in ess.15.For those families that in sist their childre n beg in their careers at the family bus in ess, childre n should start at the level that their education and experienee justify-even if it means sweeping floors, operating a machine on the factory floor, etc.The experie nee will be in valuable . In additi on, worki ng their way up from the bottom will in crease their respect among employees and man ageme nt. I n our experie nee, childre n who develop in this manner are twice as likely to succeed tha n childre n who assume unearned executive positi ons.16. Establish and Main tai n Family HarmonyRivalries and jealousies can be extremely time-consuming, not to mention destructive. Once children have grown, married and have children of their own, they are considered a separate family with different -and sometimes con flict in g-ideas. If the bus in ess is large eno ugh, con sider seat ing an outside board of directors to en sure that the in terest of the family and bus in ess are properly bala need.17. Develop a family bus in ess visio n doeume nt to make eerta in family members-as well as employees, suppliersand customers-un dersta nd the future of the eompa ny. Used family council meet ings to com muni eate to allfamily members about the eompa ny and issues facing it now and in the future.18. Compa nies and families that com mun icate ofte n, hon estly and on a timely basis in crease their probability of survivi ngand prosperi ng.19. Plan Your EstatePoor estate pla nning has led to the demise of more family bus in esses tha n any other cause. In many of these cases, the liquidity n eeds caused by estatetaxes due on the value of the family bus in ess are far greater tha n the bus in ess can absorb .20. In most cases, life in sura nee may be an effective way to cover estate taxes. However, the cost of life in sura nee for abus in ess rein vesti ng most of its capital in grow ing the bus in ess usually makes the in sura neean impractical solution for the entire estate-tax dilemma . In most cases, there is a need to utilize other pla nning tech niq ues to mi ni mize estate-tax costs.21.That was the case for a grocery store owner who spe nt all of his capital on expa nding the bus in ess and not buying in sura nee. Un fortun ately, he died after completi on of the reno vati ons. There was nothing left to pay estate taxes, so the family had to sell the bus in ess.22.With the help of your advisors, find ways to reduce or man age the tran sfer taxes. Aga in, it is importa nt to start theprocess as early as possible.23.These are the four "must" elements. However, underlying all of them is a willingness to make difficult decisi ons and do what is best for the bus in ess and the family.24.Dealing with succession issues may cause you discomfort or even great pain. However, if not addressed early in thesuccessi on process, these very same issues will come up later whe n it may be impossible to deal with them. Remember, your ultimate goal is the survival of the company so that your children, employees and com munity continue to derive the ben efits your compa ny provides.25.The best way to assure the existe nee of the family bus in ess into future gen eratio ns is to deal with i ssues in acomprehe nsive manner well before the final successi on is to take place. For the overwhel ming majority of family bus in esses, that mea ns now.Tran slate the followi ng paragraphs into Chin ese:1. Owners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic|| Often they excel at more than one skill. Inmany cases, producti on experts are also marketi ng geni uses or skilled finan cie r$ Replac ing them may require more than one persc.ni Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the bus in ess functions by creati ng orga ni zati onal chartsi Each key member of the successi on process should create his or her own chart. These charts should the n be complied The differe nces will point to gaps in the man ageme nt structure and highlight areas of mis un dersta nding and differe nces inperception2. Few bus in esses, even family bus in esses, grow without the help of loyal employees .|| More often tha n not, they hold key positi ons in man ageme nt . || Therefore, you must keep your employees in formed about Ion g-ra nge succession plans. || Keymanagement must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their resp on sibilities will be in a successi on-man ageme nt structure . || Develop a compe nsati on and ben efit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the bus in ess and the family.Tran slate the followi ng Chi nese into En glish1. 他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主管。
《多维教程-熟谙》- Unit2
B A C K G R O U N D
Family business first occurred in the 17th century. There are many family businesses in the world. Take USA for example, they hold more than 90% in American economy. Among the top 500 companies listed by Fortune, more than 1/3 are family businesses. Some renowned companies such as Motorola, Dupont, Panasonic, etc are controlled by family businesses.
A N S W E R
A
family business is a company owned by a family and is handed down from one generation to another.
The
A N S W E R
hand-over of a family business from one generation to another is called wealth transfer. Further question: what are the difficulties involved in wealth transfer?
B A C K G R O U N D
According to statistics, the average survival time for family businesses is 24 years. Now many family businesses have survived the capital accumulation stage and enter a stable development stage. However, many enterprise founders have to retire because of age, which is a critical problem to the family businesses. The purpose of this article is to solve this problem.
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I. Text analysis: Macro-analysis
❖ 1. Style: argumentation
❖ 2. Coherence: Logical connection
❖ [c]. (para.s 16 -18) Establish and maintain family harmony
❖ [d]. (para.s 19 - 22) Plan the estate
❖ Part 3: (paras23---25): Par.23: Transitional par.; conclusion: Necessity to start planning for wealth transfer in a comprehensive manner right now
❖ Part 2: (para.s 5 - 22: body) Four “must” elements of family business transfer
❖ [a]. (para.s 5 - 9) Plan a takeover / succession management
❖ [b]. (para.s 10 -15) Define family employment practices
❖ II. Introduction to the Text
❖
North America, Asia and Western Europe have
been undergoing an entrepreneurial renaissance. The
world is in transition from nations of managers to
❖ 1. understand the main idea of the text: the necessary qualities and abilities that make a good family business owner or something about how to successfully transfer the wealth / business from one generation to the next
Unit Two Family Business: the Next Generation
David Zaudtke Doug Ammerman
❖ Teaching aims:
❖ It is expected that after learning the lesson, the S.s will
❖ [1]. Textual theme: The takeover / succession of family business
❖ [2]. Structure/Plan of the text
❖ Part 1: (para.s 1- 4: introduction) Introducing the idea of the wealth transfers in America ; Par.4: Transitional par.
❖ 2. master the key words, esp. bold-faced words and useful expressions and collocations, correct sentence patterns
❖ 3. identify the technique of making a statement or generalization and then supportingr explanations
succession plan. This article presents four key elements of a successful succession plan, no matter how different the family businesses are from one another. They are: planning for succession management, defining family employment practices, establishing and maintaining family harmony, as well as planning the estate. These are essential to successful wealth transfers. After giving instructive advice regarding each element, the authors conclude that all family business owners must deal with the issues related to wealth transfers in a comprehensive manner well before they actually take place.
of family-owned businesses cannot be successfully
handed over to the second generation, let alone to the
❖ third generation. The reason for the unsuccessful wealth transfer lies in the lack of a comprehensive
nations of owners. It is also reported that the greatest
intergenerational wealth transfer will take place in
America in the next 10 years. Much of the wealth transfer will be in the form of family businesses. However, many of these transfers will fail. Thousands