世界经济学作业

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国际经济学作业答案第三章

国际经济学作业答案第三章
Foreign has a comparative advantage in widgets.
Home has a comparative advantage in both products.
The opportunity cost of cloth in terms of widgets in Foreign is if it is ascertained that Foreign uses
neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.
both countries will want to specialize in cloth.

Given the following information:
both countries could benefit from trade with each other.
neither country could benefit from trade with each other.
each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.
each country enjoys superior terms of trade.
each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods.
each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods.

国际经济学作业

国际经济学作业

Quiz for Ch51)In the 2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model,an influx of work ers from across the border wouldA)move the point of production along the production possibility cu rve.B)shift the production possibility curve outward,and increase the production of both goods.C)shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensive product.D)shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the capital-intensive product.E)shift the possibility curve outward and displace preexisting labo r.2)In the 2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model,the two countries differ inA)tastesand preferences.B)military capabilities.C)the size of their economies.D)relative abundance of factors of production.E)labor productivities.3)One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ric ardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that________is (are)identical in all countries.A)factor endowmentsB)scale of productionC)factor intensitiesD)technologyE)opportunity costs4)If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis)a nd good X(measured on the horizontal axis),then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B)the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C)the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D)the opportunity cost of good Y.E)the cost of capital(assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.5)The Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardian model of Co mparative Advantage in that the formerA)has only two countries.B)has only two products.C)has two factors of production.D)has two production possibility frontiers(one for each country).E)has varying wage rates.6)In the2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the country witha relative abundance of________ will have a production possibility f rontier that is biased toward production of the ________good.A)labor;labor intensiveB)labor;capital intensiveC)land;labor intensiveD)land;capital intensiveE)capital;land intensive7)In the2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the country witha relative abundance of________ will have a production possibility f rontier that is biased toward production of the ________good.A)labor;capital intensiveB)capital;capital intensiveC)land;labor intensiveD)land;capital intensiveE)labor;land intensive8)In the 2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the production pos sibility frontier is kinked whenA)there is no factor substitution in production.B)the opportunity cost of production is constant.C)there are unemployed factor resources.D) a country does not engage in trade.E)transportation costs are very high.9)In the 2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model,trade will_______ _ the owners of a country ’s ________ factor and will________the good that uses that factor intensively.A)harm;abundant;importB)benefit;scarce;exportC)benefit;scarce;importD)benefit;abundant;exportE)harm; scarce;export10)According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the source of comparative advantage is a country ’sA)technology.B)factor endowments.C)advertising.D)human capital.E)politicalsystem.11)In the2-factor,2-good Heckscher-Ohlin model,trade will______ __ the owners of a country ’s ________ factor and will________the good that uses that factor intensively.A)harm;abundant;importB)benefit;scarce;exportC)benefit;scarce;importD)harm;scarce;importE)harm;scarce;export12)The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin mod el means that,unlike in the Ricardian model,it is likely thatA)countries will benefit from free international trade.B)countries will not be fully specialized in one product.C)countries will consume outside their production possibility fronti er.D)comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E)global production will decrease under trade.13)In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,countries are assumed to differ o nly in terms of theirA)tastesand preferences.B)available technologies.C)factor endowments.D)factorproductivities.E)physicalsize.14)In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,when two countries begin to trade with each otherA)relative factor prices in the two countries diverge.B)the relative prices of traded goods in the two countries conver ge.C)benefits from trade are evenly distributed between the two count ries.D)all factors in both countries will gain from trade.E)all factors in one country will gain,but there may be no gai ns in the other country.Assume that only two countries, A and B,exist.15)Refer to the table above.If good S is capital intensive,the n following the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory,A)country B will export good S.B)country A will export good S.C)both countries will export good S.D)trade will not occur between these two countries.E)both countries will import good S.16)Refer to the table above.If you are told that Country B is very much richer than Country A,then the correct answer isA)country B will export good S.B)country A will export good S.C)both countries will export good S.D)trade will not occur between these two countries.E)both countries will import good S.17)Refer to the table above.You are told that Country B is very much larger than country A. The correct answer isA)country B will export good S.B)country A will export good S.C)both countries will export good S.D)trade will not occur between these two countries.E)both countries will import good S.18)Refer to the table above.You are told that Country B has no minimum wage or child labor laws.Now the correct answer isA)country A will export good S.B)both countries will export good S.C)trade will not occur between these two countries.D)country B will export good S.E)both countries will import good S.19)If a good is labor intensive it means that the good is produ cedA)using labor as the only input.B)using more labor per unit of output than goods that are not l abor intensive.C)using relatively more labor than goods that are not labor inten sive.D)using labor such that the total cost of labor is greater than the total cost of capital.E)using labor such that the cost of labor is more than 50% of total cost.20)In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,when there is international-trade equilibriumA)the capital rich country will charge less for the capital inten sive good than the price paid by the capital poor country for the capital-intensive good.B)the relative price of the capital intensive good in the capital rich country will be the same as that in the capital poor country .C)the capital rich country will charge more for the capital inten sive good than the price paid by the capital poor country for the capital-intensive good.D)workers in the capital rich country will earn more than those in the poor country.E)the workers in the capital rich country will earn less than th ose in the poor country.21)If two countries are very different in relative factor abundanc e,then empirically support for which of the following would less li kelyA)the Factor Price Equalization TheoremB)the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoremC)the Law of One PriceD)the Law of DemandE)the Gravity Theorem22)If a good is capital intensive it means that the good is pro ducedA)using capital as the only input.B)using relatively more capital than goods that are not capital i ntensive.C)using more capital per unit of output than goods that are not capital intensive.D)using capital such that the total cost of capital is greater t han the total cost of labor.E)using capital such that the cost of capital is more than50% of total cost.23)The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following exceptA)which country will export which product.B)which factor of production within each country will gain from t rade.C)that relative wages will tend to become equal in both trading countries.D)the volume of trade.E)that trade increases a country’s overall welfare.24)If Australia has relatively more land per worker,and Belgium has relatively more capital per worker,then if trade began between these two countries,A)the relative price of the land-intensive product would increasein Australia.B)the relative price of the capital-intensive product would increas e in Australia.C)the relative price of the land-intensive product would increasein Belgium.D)the relative price of the capital-intensive product would decreas e in Belgium.E)relative product prices would diverge between Australia and Belgi um.25)If Australia has more land per worker,and Belgium has more c apital per worker,then if trade began between these two countries,A)the real income of capital owners in Australia would increase.B)the real income of labor in Australia would decline.C)the real income of landowners in Belgium would decline.D)the real income of labor in Belgium would decline.E)the real income of labor in both countries would decline.26) If Japan relatively land trade betweenisrich,theserelatively capital rich and the United States and if food is relatively land intensivetwo, formerly autarkic countries will resultistheninA)an increase in the relative price of food in the .B)an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C)a global increase in the relative price of food.D)a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E)an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.27)Trade benefits a country byA)increasing available consumption choices.B)reducing the need for specialization in production.C)reducing the relative price of the exported good.D)increasing the real income of all resource owners.E)increasing the wage rate.28)If Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even le ss productive capital,then,following the Heckscher-Ohlin model, we p redict that Gambinia will exportA)capital-intensive goods.B)labor-intensive goods.C)both capital-and land-intensive goods.D)land-intensive goods.E)both labor-and land-intensive goods.29)If Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even le ss productive capital,then,following the Heckscher-Ohlin model,in o rder to improve the country ’s economic welfare,the Gambinian governm ent shouldA)engage in free trade.B)protect the capital-intensive product.C)protect the land-intensive product.D)protect the labor-intensive product.E)discontinue all international trade.30)Starting from an autarky(no-trade)situation with Heckscher-Ohli n model,if Country H is relatively labor abundant,then once trade beginsA)wages and rents should rise in H.B)wages and rents should fall in H.C)wages should rise and rents should fall in H.D)wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E)rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.31)Suppose that there are two the United States is relativelyon is relatively capital-endowed.factors,capital and land,and that land endowed while the European Uni According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,A)European capitalists should support free trade.B)European landowners should support free trade.C)all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.D)all landowners should support free trade.E)the.should compensate European countries once trade commences.32)International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore,international tradeA)is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.B)will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.C)will tend to hurt one trading country.D)will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.E)will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.33)Factors tend to be specific to certain uses and productsA)in countries lacking comparative advantage.B)in capital-intensive industries.C)in labor-intensive industries.D)in countries lacking fair labor laws.E)in the short run.34)If the price of the capital intensive product rises more than does the price of the land intensive product,thenA)the relative price of the capital intensive product will fall t o some point between the pretrade relative prices.B)demand will shift away from the capital-intensive product,and i ts production will decrease.C)demand will shift away from the capital-intensive product,and i ts production will decrease relative to that of the land intensive p roduct.D) t E) sthe production of the capital-intensive product willby less than production of the land-intensive product.the country that exports the capital-intensive goodcomparative advantage.decrease,will losebuit35)If trade opens up between the two formerly autarkic countries,Australia and Belgium,thenA)the real income of Australia and of Belgium will increase.B)the real income of Australia but not of Belgium will increase.C)the real income of both countries may increase.D)the real income of neither country will increase.E)the real income of both countries will increase.36)The Leontieff ParadoxA)supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative ad vantage.B)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.C)failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D)failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E)proved that the. economy is different from all others.37)The Leontieff ParadoxA)refers to the finding that.Exports were more capital intensiv e than its exports.B)refers to the finding that.exports were more labor intensive than its imports.C)refers to the finding that the . produces outside its Edgeworth Box.D)still accurately applies to today ’s pattern of . international trade.E)refers to the fact that Leontieff an American economist had a Russian name.38)The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and SveikauskasA)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)used a two-country and two-product framework.C)demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different techno logies.D)proved that the . ’s comparative advantage relied on skilled lab or.E)supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.39)Empirical observations on actual North-South trade patterns tend toA)support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)support the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.C)support the validity of the Rybczynski Theorem.D)support the validity of the wage equalization theorem.E)support the validity of the neo-imperialism exploitation theory.40)The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA)the9th volume of the Hardy Boys’Mystery series.B)the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.C)the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Hecks cher-Ohlin theory.D)the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less vol ume of trade than actually exists.E)the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory never applies to. tr ade practices.41)Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin modeln of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.B)In the long-run,labor is mobile and capital is not.C)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.D)The wage-rental ratio is determined by relative product prices.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country,which determines the good in which the country will havea comparative advantage.42)Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin modelA)An increase in a country ’s labor supply will increase productio n of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.B)The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a co untry ’s industries.C)In the long-run,labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country,which determines the good in which the country will havea comparative advantage.43)Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin modeln of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B)An increase in a country ’s labor supply will increase productio n of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run,labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country,which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.。

经济学作业及答案

经济学作业及答案

《经济学》作业1、价格的变动如何清除剩余和短缺的现象2、影响需求价格弹性的因素3、影响供给弹性系数的因素4、试述价格弹性系数与总收益之间的关系。

5、政府价格干预及其影响6、影响需求量的因素7、影响供给量的因素8、已知需求函数为Q d=200-15P,供给函数为Q s=-20+5P求:均衡价格和均衡产量9、当收入增长5%时,商品销售量上升10%,则收入弹性是;当每磅火腿的价格从76元上升到84元时,热狗的销量从11000磅下降到9000磅,则需求的交叉弹性是;某产品需求价格弹性为0.5,意味着价格每下降2%,销售量增长。

10、设汽油的需求弹性为-0.15,其价格为每加仑1.2元,试问:汽油价格上涨多少元,才能使消费量减少10%?11、下表是B物品的价格(P B)为8元和12元时A物品的需求表计算A物品在三种不同价格情况下,A物品与B物品的交叉弹性,根据计算结果填写第三栏Ec内,并回答AB是互补品还是替代品。

12、假定面粉的需求是缺乏弹性的,Ed=0.5,原来的价格P1=0.2,此时,销售量Q1=100公斤,现价格上升10%,求:(1),面粉厂的收益是增加了还是下降了,为什么?(2),增加或者下降了多少。

13、已知某商品的需求函数和供给函数分别为:Q D=20–3PQ S=2+6P试求该商品的均衡价格,以及均衡时的需求价格弹性和供给价格弹性。

14、消费者均衡的含义,并用图表加以说明15、利用替代效应和收入效应说明不同类商品的需求曲线的形状16、无差异曲线的含义及其主要特点17、试述预算约束线变动的几种不同情况18、边际效用递减规律19、试用图说明在一种投入(劳动)可变情况下,随投入增加,总产量、平均产量和边际产量的变动情况。

20、利用等产量线和等成本线说明生产要素的最优组合21、怎样理解边际收益递减规律22、试用图说明在一种投入(劳动)可变情况下,随投入增加,总产量、平均产量和边际产量的变动情况。

23、说明等产量曲线的特征并指出两种可变生产要素的合理投入区24、利用等产量线和等成本线说明生产要素的最优组合25、某企业男工和女工各占一半。

经济学基础作业及参考解答

经济学基础作业及参考解答

作业一选择题1.经济学可定义为()。

A.政府对市场制度的干预 B.企业赚取利润的活动 C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题 D.个人的生财之道2.“资源是稀缺的”是指()A.资源是不可再生的 B.资源必须留给下一代 C.资源终将被耗费殆尽 D.相对于需求而言,资源总是不足的.3.失业问题如果反映在生产可能性曲线图上,可记为()A.生产可能性曲线内的一点 B.生产可能性曲线上的一点 C.生产可能性曲线以外的一点 D.不在该平面直角坐标系上.4.下列哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线的外移?()A.股市持续走强 B.通货膨胀 C.有用资源被发掘或技术进步 D.消费品生产增加,资本品生产下降.5.一个经济体系必须作出的基本选择是()。

A.生产什么,生产多少 B.如何生产 C.为谁生产 D.以上都包括6.计划经济体制解决资源配置问题的方式有()。

A.分散决策 B.竞争生产 C.纵向传递信息 D.要素市场定价7.在市场经济体制中,价格不发挥哪个功能()?A.激励功能 B.集中资源办大事 C.收入再分配功能 D.信息传递功能8.下列哪个陈述不属于实证主义陈述( )?A.1990年的海湾危机引起石油价格上升,并导致了汽油消费的下降。

B.穷人应该不纳税。

C.美国经济比俄罗斯经济增长的更快。

D.“让一部分人先富起来”政策,拉开了中国居民收入的贫富差距。

9.政府税收政策和转移支付政策直接关系到()。

A.生产什么 B.如何生产 C.为谁生产 D.生产多少10.经济均衡是指( ).A.在其他条件不变时,经济行为或经济状态不再改变;B.无论发生什么情况,这种状态都将处于稳定状况;C.一种理想状况,现实中并不会发生;D.规范分析中才使用的范畴。

问答题1.微观经济学研究什么?2.每个经济体系都面临的基本选择有哪些?3.资源配置的有效性有哪几个方面的含义?它们分别如何表示?4.实证经济学与规范经济学各自的特点是什么?相互关系如何?5.微观经济学为什么又叫价格理论?6.什么是经济理性主义假定?为何要作出该假定?7.市场机制的特点是什么?包含哪些要素?作业一参考解答:选择题1.C.A、B、D都是经济学所考察的某一个方面,不能作为经济学的定义。

经济学原理作业

经济学原理作业

得 3 分,满分 3 分1.若投资对利率的敏感程度越大,则( )。

所选答案: D、IS曲线越平缓得 3 分,满分 3 分2.边际技术替代率递减规律表明:当每次增加1单位劳动( )。

所选答案: B、保持产量不变时,资本量减少较少得 3 分,满分 3 分3.卖主比买主知道更多关于商品的信息,这种情况被称为( )。

所选答案: C信息不对称问题得 3 分,满分 3 分4.四部门经济与三部门经济相比,乘数效应( D)。

答案 A、变大 B、变小C 、不变 D、都有可能得 3 分,满分 3 分5. 斯维齐模型的前提是竞争对手会( )。

所选答案: B、跟着降价,但不跟着提价得 3 分,满分 3 分6.企业和市场是两种可以相互替代的合约关系的原因在于( D)。

所选答案: A、交易费用存在 B、市场是不完备的C、企业是有边界的;D、以上都对得 3 分,满分 3 分7.无差异曲线的坐标分别为( )。

所选答案: A、两种消费品得 3分,满分 3 分8.IS曲线斜率表示( )之间的关系。

( )所选答案: B收入与收入影响下的均衡利率得 3 分,满分 3 分9.如果某人大学毕业刚进而劳动队伍尚还未找到工作,应属于( )。

所选答案: B、摩擦性失业得 3 分,满分 3 分10.中央银行通过提高法定准备金比率属于( )。

答案 D、紧缩性货币政策得 3 分,满分 3 分11.设有甲、乙两类工人,甲类工人要求的工资率250元∕月,乙类工人要求的工资率200元∕月。

某厂商为了实现最大利润,必须雇佣所有甲,乙两类工人,并支付每个工人250元∕月的工资。

由此可知,甲、乙两类工人得到的月经济租金( )。

所选答案: D、分别为50元和0元得 3 分,满分 3 分12.多数估机人为:在储蓄决策中,( )效应比( )效应更有分量,所以当利息率上升时,储蓄( )。

所选答案: D、收入,替代,不变得 3 分,满分 3 分13.在IS曲线不变的情况下,货币量减少会引起( )。

国际经济学作业及答案

国际经济学作业及答案

第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础1.为什么说在决定生产和消费时,相对价格比绝对价格更重要?答案提示:当生产处于生产边界线上,资源则得到了充分利用,这时,要想增加某一产品的生产,必须降低另一产品的生产,也就是说,增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本(或社会成本)的。

生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现,但究竟选择哪一点,则还要看两个商品的相对价格,即它们在市场上的交换比率。

相对价格等于机会成本时,生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。

所以,在决定生产和消费时,相对价格比绝对价格更重要。

5.如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线(B国)和过剩需求曲线(A国)来确定国际均衡价格,那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致?答案提示:国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。

6.说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。

答案提示:一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品,有利于此国贸易利益的获得,不过,出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加,有损于出口国的贸易利益;与此类似,出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加,但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。

对于进口国来讲,贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。

7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,那么贸易后,国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平?答案提示:贸易后,国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。

8.根据上一题的答案,你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些?答案提示:小国。

第二章古典贸易理论1.根据下面两个表中的数据,确定(1)贸易前的相对价格;(2)比较优势型态。

表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入A BX Y 621512表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A BX Y 10455答案提示:首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率,然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。

202041 国际经济学 作业(专升本)

202041 国际经济学 作业(专升本)

《国际经济学》作业一.判断题1.重商主义认为每个国家应该努力实现出口等于进口的平衡贸易2.比较优势原理只能应用于简单的两国模型中,而不能应用于现实中众多国家与贸易的情况。

3.一般来说,国际贸易可以使一国达到比自给自足条件(无贸易)下更高的社会无差异曲线。

4.需求重叠理论主要解释发生在发达国家与发展中国家之间的产业间贸易5.进口配额对进口产品实施数量上的限制。

6.当自由贸易区的某个成员国开始从非联盟成员国进口产品时,贸易转移随之发生。

7.无差异曲线表示能够给单个消费者或国家提供相同价值或满意感的商品的不同组合(如小麦和大米)。

8.大小不等的两个国家进行贸易时,大部分贸易收益将流向较小的国家。

9.贫困化增长适用于长期以来人口增长快于国内生产总值增长的国家。

10.要素禀赋理论推测贸易将便其劳动力充裕的国家的相对工资水平下降。

11.产品生命周期理论认为,若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品,则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。

12.消费者剩余的大小受市场价格的影响,市场价格降低会增加购买数量和消费者剩余。

13.如果美元价格从110日元下降到100日元,美元将相对于日元贬值14.汇率超调的出现往往是由于对出口的短期需求是弹性的15.金本位制依靠汇率易变性纠正国际收支赤字16.开放经济中的国际贸易乘数大于封闭经济中的单一乘数17.如果一国经济实现了充分就业,那么为使货币贬值能够改善该国贸易赤字状况,应该实施紧缩型财政政策。

18.国际劳动力移民可能会增加国家间的工资差异,降低总的经济效率。

19.一国需要用经常账户盈余来改善本国的净债务状况。

20.外汇市场是国际贸易商品交易的场所。

21.若美国经济增长速度高于英国,美元相对于英镑贬值。

22.如果将国际投资看作一种国际交换,则它就是指用将来的商品去交换现在的商品。

23.贸易创造和贸易转移都属于经济一体化的动态效应而非静态效应。

24.25%的汽车关税为国内汽车产业提供了25%的保护。

经济学基础作业题及答案

经济学基础作业题及答案

经济学基础作业题一、填空题1.稀缺性就是指资源的有限性。

2.在需求的价格弹性的条件下,卖者适当价格能增加总收益。

3.消费可能线的限制条件可用公式表示为: 。

4.在分析技术效率时,是指企业不能全部调整( M=Px·Qx+PY ·QY)的时期。

5.在垄断竞争市场上,企业的成功取决于竞争。

6.劳动的供给曲线是一条的曲线。

7.个人收入-=个人可支配收入。

8.自然失业率是衡量自然失业状况的指数,可以用之比来表示。

9.利率效应就是物价水平通过对利率的影响而影响。

10.选择就是如何使用的决策。

11.价格机制包括以及。

12.如果把等产量线与等成本线合在一个图上,那么等成本线必定与无数条等产量线中的一条相切于一点,在这个切点上就实现了。

13.会计成本是指企业生产与经营中的。

14.垄断企业实行歧视定价可以实现更大的利润,其基本原则是对需求富有弹性的消费者收取价,对需求缺乏弹性的消费者收取价。

15.收入再分配政策主要有两大类,即和。

16.摩擦性失业是经济中由于而引起的失业。

17.总需求一总供给模型是要说明与的决定的。

18.简单的凯恩斯主义模型说明了在短期中,是决定均衡国内生产总值的最重要因素。

19.在LM曲线不变的情况下,自发总支出增加,IS曲线向移动,从而国内生产总值,利率。

20.经济周期的中心是。

21.在开放经济中,出口的增加会使均衡的国内生产总值,贸易收支状况。

二、单项选择题1.作为经济学的两个组成部分,微观经济学与宏观经济学是:()A.互相对立的B.没有任何联系的C.相互补充的D.完全相同的2.如果一种商品的需求缺乏弹性,其弹性系数:()A.大于1B.大于0小于1C.等于1D.为03.等产量曲线向右上方移动表明:()A.成本增加B.产量增加C.产量不变D.技术水平提高4.企业每增加销售一单位的产品获得的收益叫做:()A.平均成本B.总收益C.经济利润D.边际收益5.产品差别是指:()A.索尼牌彩电与海尔牌彩电的差别B.彩电与影碟机的差别C.河南小麦与河北小麦的差别D.小轿车与面包车的差别6.在寡头市场上:()A.只有一个企业B.只有少数几家企业,每个企业都考虑其竞争对手的行为C.只有少数几家企业,但是没有一个企业大到要考虑其竞争对手的行为D.有很多企业,每个企业都考虑其竞争对手的行为7.基尼系数可以根据劳伦斯曲线来计算,基尼系数的提高表示:()A.收入分配不平均程度的增加B.收入分配不平均程度的减少C.劳伦斯曲线向45度线移动D.收入分配不平均程度没有改变8.下面哪一项物品具有非排他性:()A.城市公共汽车B.收费的高速公路C.国防D.艺术博物馆9.通货是指:()A.纸币和商业银行的活期存款B.纸币和商业银行的储蓄存款C.纸币和铸币D.所有的银行储蓄存款10.根据凯恩斯的粘性工资理论,当劳动的供大于求时,名义工资:()A.上升B.下降C.不变D.滞后下降11.平均消费倾向与平均储蓄倾向之和:()A.大于1B.等于1C.小于1D.等于212.在IS曲线不变的情况下,货币量减少会引起:()A.国内生产总值增加,利率下降B.国内生产总值增加,利率上升C.国内生产总值减少,利率上升D.国内生产总值减少,利率下降13.奥肯定理是说明:()A.失业率与通货膨胀率关系的经验统计规律B.通货膨胀与国内生产总值之间关系的规律C.失业率与实际国民收入增长率之间关系的经验统计规律D.人口增长率与失业率之间关系的统计规律14.认为在长期与短期中都不存在菲利普斯曲线所表示的失业率与通货膨胀率之间交替关系的经济学流派是:()A.新古典综合派B.货币主义学派C.理性预期学派D.新凯恩斯主义15.如果本国货币的汇率升值,可以使:()A.本国的进口、出口都增加B.本国的进口、出口都减少C.本国的出口增加,进口减少D.本国的出口减少,进口增加16.一种商品的需求曲线向右下方倾斜,如果生产该种商品的生产要素的价格上升,那么:( )A.均衡数量增加,均衡价格上升 B.均衡数量增加,均衡价格下降C. 均衡数量减少,均衡价格上升 D.均衡数量减少,均衡价格下降17.某人愿意用20元买第一件衬衫,愿意用35元买头两件衬衫。

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世界经济学作业
P287 复习思考题
4、贫困的根源是什么?如何消除贫困?
答:⑴贫困的根源主要来自于劳动力质量相对较低,资本存量与资本积累不足,技术落后,制度的不完善和人口压力大五个方面。

①劳动力质量相对较低。

因为在当今世界,知识在经济中的作用日益凸显,教育成为一国劳动力质量提高以及促进经济增长的关键。

而受教育程度低也就导致劳动力质量低,劳动生产水平较低,这就是贫困的一大根源。

②资本存量与资本积累不足。

兴起于20世纪50年代的发展经济学在对发展中国家贫困问题进行研究后表明资本的匮乏和投资的不足导致了经济增长停滞和人均收入低下,最终导致贫困。

而正如纳克斯提出的“贫困恶性循环理论”表明长期贫困在于经济中供给和需求的贫困恶性循环,周而复始的资本存量和积累不足。

③技术落后。

技术进步是推动现代经济持续增长的重要力量,长期经济增长是一国公民经济福利最重要的决定因素。

而科学技术不发达,技术研发及创新能力不强是发展中国家普遍存在的问题,因此技术的落后直接导致了生产率的低下和贫困的产生。

④制度的不完善。

人的自身行为以及个人选择会受到社会制度的影响。

研究表明,在贫困国家制度体系的不完善现象比较严重,主要表现在权力分配的不公,倾斜的收入分配制度以及二元社会结构体系的存在等等。

因为制度的不完善导致的种种难题,甚至会导致政府救济失败,广泛的“输血”活动却阻止了穷人状况的改善,反而助长了贫困者的依赖思想,安于贫困,最后导致贫困产生和永久化。

⑤人口压力大。

人口压力并不是导致贫困的根本原因,但它却在一定程度上激发了贫困的产生。

人口的快速增长吞噬了增长所带来的成果,经济就会处于停滞状态,贫穷依然贫穷。

⑵认识贫困就是为了消除贫困,而消除贫困要通过建立综合的基础广泛的收入增长模式,世界银行的《2000/2001年世界发展报告》认为,通过创造机遇、赋权和提供安全保障的进步可以形成持续减贫的动力。

①创造机遇。

对于广大贫困人口来说,不平等突出表现为机会的不平等。

因此要消除贫困,就必须为贫困者提供更多的机会。

首先国家应该采取行动支持穷人逐渐增加资产,并且解决不同性别、部族、种族和社会群体之间的资产不均问题;其次,要提供有利于私人投资和技术创新的环境,促进本国市场向国际延伸;最后政府在进行建立完善市场体系的同时,不能忽视面向穷人的市场改革,要争取实现社会中更大的公平。

另外,社会基础设施的改善和公共服务的广泛提供也是增进贫困者福利的重要手段。

②赋权。

经济增长和减少贫困的潜力很大程度上受到了国家和各种社会机构的制约,为此我们必须促进赋权。

赋权就是通过加强贫困人员对政治进程和当地决策的参与,以提高他们对涉及自身生活的国家制度的影响力。

主要包括以下几点:
第一,国家应当建立包容性的政治和法律基础;第二政府应该改变治理结构,创建促进经济增长及公平的公共行政管理,建立稳健而具有反应力的机制,使公共行政、立法机构为全体公民提供更有效的服务;第三,消除性别、种族和社会地位差异造成的制度障碍。

③提供社会保障。

为贫困者提供安全保障意味着减少他们面对经济动荡、自然灾害、健康问题等风险的脆弱性。

这需要做以下几方面的工作:首先,建立国家计划以防止、预防和化解宏观冲击的灾祸,构建有利于经济增长的国家社会风险应对体系;其次,建立有效的机制来减少贫困者面临的风险,使其积聚人身、自然、物质和社会等资产以克服风险发生时造成的损失;最后,医疗卫生体系的建立完善,应对传染性疾病的传播。

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