谓语动词的时态和语气变化表格
语法复习-谓语动词的时态+语态(共83张PPT)
现在 过去 将来
一般
进行时
完成时
一般现在时: 现在进行时:
原形(do)
am/is/are doing
第三人称单数形
式(does)
现在完成时: have / has done
一般过去时:
一般过去式 (did)
过去进行时: 过去完成时: was / were doing had done
一般将来时:
1)will do
drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid】 • 4)以 y 结尾的动词,直接加 ing • 5)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing
动词的ing形式
• run_____ • swim____ • sit ____
• stop_____ • have_____ • dance_____ • organize____
②③不适合语法填空中填 动词的适当形式。
一般将来时的用法
1. He will graduate from Harvard University next year.
2. I am going to buy a new laptop this winter. 3. The car is going to turn over. 5. I am to take over the job. 6. The conference is about to begin.
过去 将来
现在
将来
现在 过去 将来
一般
进行时
完成时
一般现在时: 现在进行时:
原形(do)
am/is/are doing
第三人称单数形
式(does)
语态、时态和虚拟语气
动词的语态、时态与虚拟语气一、主动语态:表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。
主动语态的各种时态构成:二、被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受着。
被动语态的各种时态构成:设等。
虚拟语气的运用习题1.Thanks to out government, the areas on the west coast of Taiwan Strait are _______ rapidly.A.developB. developedC. developingD. development2.The population of the world _________ still _______ now.A.has; grownB. is; growingC. will; growD. is; grown3.Attention, please. There ________ a football game between China and Kroea this evening.A.is going to beB. has beenC. will haveD. has4.She ________ as an animal trainer since 2003.A.has workedB. worksC. will workD. worked5.Miss Gao isn’t here. She _________ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.A.goesB. has goneC. has beenD. would go6.You are late. The meeting __________for about ten minutes.A.has begunB. beganC. has been on7.He ______ his bicycle when it began to rain.A.was ridingB. is ridingC. has riddenD. rode8. Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. But she ______ me she’d love to.A. tellsB. toldC. had toldD. would tell9. Help! Wang Qiang ____________ an accident.A. was havingB. had hadC. will haveD. has had10. When ________ your brother ________ back?About half an hour ago.A. did; comeB. had; comeC. does; comeD. have; come11. Twelve-year-olds should not __________ to drive in China.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed12. Did you go to Kangkang’s birthday party last night? No, I ___________.A. didn’t inviteB. wasn’t invitingC. wasn’t invited13. Lucy, you ________ on the phone.A. wantB. wantsC. are wantingD. are wanted14. If I ________ tired, I would have a rest.A. amB. wasC. were15. I wish I _________ you yesterday.A. sawB. had seenC. were to see16. About 500 cars _________ in the factory next month.A. will produceB. have been producedC. will be producedD. are produced17. If it _________ Sunday tomorrow, I ___________ go to see my friends there.A. were; wouldB. were; willC. was; wouldD. am; would18. In the last two months, he ________ several English novels.A. readsB. readC. has readD. had read19. If your work _______, you can go out.A. is doneB. has doneC. didD. will do20. My mother said that she _______ visited themuseun.A. has neverB. had neverC. has everD. have ever21. The letter is _________ in French. I can not read it.A. writingB. writtenC. wroteD. writes22. What would you do if you saw an accident? I ________ the police.A. will callB. calledC. would callD. has called23. Could you tell me when they _________?A. leaveB. will leaveC. would leaveD. leaving24. By the time he returned the book, he ________ it for two days.A. has borrowedB. had borrowedC. has keptD. had kept25._________? They have had an accient.A. What is happenedB. What has happenedC. What have they happenedD. What were happened to them26.What ________ you on April Fool’s Day?Well, a friend _________ me to a costume party.A.happened; invitedB. happened; askedC. happened to; inveitedD. happened to; asked27. I ________ to leave at once, or I’ll be late for the meeting.A. tellB. be toldC. am toldD. told28. I’m not sure if it ________ tomorrow. If it _______, we won’t climb the hill.A. will snow; snowsB.will snow; will snowC. snows; snowsD. snows; will snow29. We ______ here two hours ago. We _______ here for two hours.A. have arrived; have beenB. have come; have beenC. came; have comeD. arrived; have been30. The other day, my friends and I _____ the rules that we have in school.A. talked aboutB. talk aboutC. talking aboutD. talking31. _______ to Beijing? Yes, and I will be back next week.A.Have you goneB. Have you beenC. Are you goingD. Did you go32.Shall we go shopping now? Sorry, I can’t. I ______ my shirts.A. washB. washesC. washedD. am washing33. I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why?I _____ for a long distance call then from my daughter in Canada.A. waitedB. have waitedC. was waitingD. will wait34. When did the man die? He __________ for 5 years.A. diesB. diedC. has diedD. has been dead35.When did you become a volunteer? Two year ago. I ________this group since then.A. have jioned inB. have joined toC. have been inD. have been to36. The plants _______ well if they ___________.A. won’t grow; don’t take good care ofB. don’t grow; are taken good care ofC. don’t grow; don’t take good care ofD. won’t grow; are not taken good care of37. It’s dangerous to swim here. Look at the sign.Oh, I ______ notice it. Thanks for telling me.A.wasn’tB. don’tC. didn’tD. haven’t38. He ______ his car so he has to take the bus to work.When ______ his car lost?A. lost; hasB. has lost; didC. had lost; didD. has lost; was39. You should ______ the room, but didn’t.A. cleanB. have cleanedC. have cleanD. had cleaned40. I’m sorry. I ________ like a child yesterday.Never mind. I ________ it.A. behave; forgetB. behaved; forgotC. behaved; have forgottenD. behaved; had forgotten。
谓语动词、动词时态、语态与非谓语动词
一、谓语动词谓语动词是用来表示动作或状态的,在句子中充当谓语的中心语,它是句子不可缺少的部分,用来说明主语是什么或者做什么。
英语中的谓语动词有不同的形式,从这些形式可以看出句子的时态、语态和语气。
英语谓语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
1. 一般现在时第三人称单数2.动词过去式、过去分词1) 规则动词过去式、过去分词注意:“重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母”形象地说,就是单词词尾三个字母依次分别是“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”。
2)不规则动词过去式、过去分词不规则动词的过去式、过去分词的构成可以分为AAA 型、ABA型、ABB型、ABC型五种形式。
(1)AAA型:即原形、过去式和过去分词都相同。
broadcast(广播)--- broadcast / broadcasted --- broadcast/ broadcasted ,burst(爆发,突然发作)---burst---burst, cast(撒,扔,抛)--- cast --- cast ,cost(花费)---cost---cost, cut(剪,切,割)---cut---cut,hit(打,撞击)---hit---hit, hurt(伤害,受伤)---hurt---hurt,let(让)---let---let, put(放,摆)---put---put,read(读,朗读)---read---read , set(安置,释放)---set---set,shut(关闭,合拢)---shut---shut, split(切开,撕开)---split---split,spread(展开,延伸)---spread---spread注意:read---read---read发音分别是[ri:d]---[red]---[red],其余动词三式读音相同。
(2)ABA型:即动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。
谓语动词八大时态
中考复习专项8 [谓语动词八大时态]动词主要表示动作、状态和性质,而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。
英语中动词的时态由动词的五种不同形式来表示。
英语动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去分词和过去式。
英语常见八种时态:一般:现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数过去时:谓语用动词的过去式将来时:谓语用will/be going to+动词原形现在:进行时:谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词完成时:谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词过去:进行时:谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词完成时:谓语用had+动词的过去分词将来时:谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形(1一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加“-s”或“-es”。
(2)一般现在时的用法:①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
与一般现在时连用的时间状语:※表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。
※on Sundays,on Monday afternoon,every day,in the morning,every year等时间状语。
※once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。
如:He gets up at five o’clock every day. He often plays football.②★表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。
如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)③★表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的(将要发生的)事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。
[谓语动词九大时态]
中考复习专项------谓语动词的九大时态动词主要表示动作、状态和性质,而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。
英语中动词的时态由动词的五种不同形式来表示。
英语动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词(也就是动词的ing形式)、过去式和过去分词。
练习:写出下列动词其他四种形式。
例:work→works(第三人称单数), working(现在分词) ,worked(过去式), worked(过去分词)1.play ________ _______ _________ __________2.study _______ ________ _________ __________3.swim ________ _________ ________ _________4.prefer ________ _______ ________ ___________5.teach _______ _______ ________ ____________6.write ______ ________ _______ ___________7.take ________ ________ ________ _________8.buy ________ ________ ________ _________9.do ________ _______ ________ ___________10.put ______ ______ ________ _____________初中英语常见九种时态谓语部分的构成:1.一般现在时:谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式;2一般过去时:动词的过去式;3.一般将来时:be going to+动词原形或will+动词原形;4.过去将来时:would+动词原形;5.现在进行时:be动词am/is/are+动词的ing形式;6.过去进行时:be动词was/were+动词的ing形式;7.现在完成时:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词;8.现在完成进行时:have/has been+动词的ing形式;9.过去完成时:助动词had+动词的过去分词。
谓语动词的时态和语态
动词的时态和语态英语的时态是一种动词形式.不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式. 英语动词有16种时态,常用的有8种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
但高中学生需要了解13种,除了以上8种,还须掌握以下5种:将来进行时(一般将来进行时、过去将来进行时)、一般将来完成时、完成进行时(现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时)。
下面分别介绍。
16种时态形式(以do为例):一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do 现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did 过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do 将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时wouldhave been doing【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选.一.一般现在时1).表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态. 常与表示频度的时间状语连用.如:often, usually, always, sometimes, now, seldom, now and then, every day, occasionally等.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.We have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.2).表示客观事实、普遍真理、谚语、格言、警句。
谓语动词的时态和语态
谓语动词的时态和语态一.谓语的概念谓语动词指在句子中充当谓语的动词,有行为动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词等几种,其中行为动词又包括及物动词和不及物动词。
谓语成分就是用来说明主语的动作或状态的,一般由动词或动词短语承担。
如果句子中没有动词充当谓语的时候,就使用“be”动词。
Tom’s garden is beautiful.My aunt always looks young.He cannot swim.Some women are washing clothes by the river.I have got a new job.We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.The rabbit was shot dead.They will be invited to attend the meeting.The child opened his eyes, looking at his mother for a while.No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.谓语动词的时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。
英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时.表一、谓语动词时态一览表表二、各种时态常用的时间状语一般现在时(the simple present tense )1. 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语:every…, sometimes, on Sunday sI leave home for school at 7 every morning. He sometimes stays in bed until lunch time.My mother never comes to see me. They often listen to the radio in bed.Mike usually goes to bed at 10 o’clock. Our teacher frequently checks our homework.2. 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
谓语动词的时态和语态
谓语动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态英语的时态是一种动词形式.不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式.英语动词有16种时态,常用的有8种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
但高中学生需要了解13种,除了以上8种,还须掌握以下5种:将来进行时(一般将来进行时、过去将来进行时)、一般将来完成时、完成进行时(现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时)。
下面分别介绍。
16种时态形式(以do为例):现在过去将来过去将来一般现在一般时do过去一般时did将来一般时will do过去将来一般时would do完成目前完成时have done过去完成时had done将来完成时will have done 举行目前举行时is doing曩昔举行时was doing将来举行时will be doing完成举行现在完成进行时have been doing曩昔完成举行时had been doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来完成进行时wouldhave been doing过去将来完成时过去将来进行时would have donewould be doing【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will等需根据主语的变化来选.一.一般现在时1).表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态.常与表示频度的时间状语连用.如:often,usually,always, sometimes, now, seldom, now and then, every day, occasionally等.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.We have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.2).表示客观事实、普遍真理、谚语、格言、警句。
时态语态表格
动词的时态和语态一、动词时态1. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets out.(09年上海高考)A. would sellB. had sellC. have sellD. was selling解析1:答案为B。
本题考查时态。
根据句意:Mary利用午饭时间去了售票处,但是所有的票都已卖完了。
过去完成时表示过去某时前已发生的情况,所以B 选项为正确答案。
2.---Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?--- Terry? Never! She tents and fresh air!(08年上海高考题)A. has hateB. hatedC. will hateD. hates解析2:答案为D。
本题考查时态.。
根据句意:你知道Terry本周末是否会去野营?Terry? 她从不去野营!她讨厌帐篷和新鲜空气!此句中动词表示的是经常性的行为,应该选用一般现在时态。
解题技巧:遵循时态一致。
也就是说应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。
一般原则是:1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态。
e.g. He says that he lives in Wuhan.We hope that there will be many people at your party today.2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态。
e.g. He said he was writing a novel.The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.He said his father had been an engineer.3、当从句表示客观事实,科学真理等时,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时。
谓语动词的时态(讲解与练习)
英语的时态(讲与练)(一)谓语动词的形式:英语的时态是通过谓语动词的变化来体现的。
因此,了解谓语动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。
英语的实义动词有以下五种形式:(1)动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。
主要用于主语为第一、二人称的一般现在时,情态动词之后,或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
(2)—般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
(3)过去式:主要用于一般过去时。
(4)现在分词:主要用于进行时态。
(5)过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或被动语态。
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式,需要个别记忆,课本后页有详细完整的不规则动词表。
谓语动词现在分(二)谓语动词的时态:“时态”就是通过谓语动词的形态变化,来表达动作发生的 时间(现在、过去、将来、过去将来)及所处的状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。
1、一般现在时(1)构成:通常以动词原形表示。
主语为第三人称单数时,用单三形式。
2)用法:1)表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。
He has an uncle.他有个叔叔。
Autu mn follows summer. 夏天之后是秋天。
这些动词可与 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sun days, n ever 等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。
例如: Do you ofte n go to the cin ema?你经常去看电影吗?Tom does not study as hard as Jane. 汤姆在学习方面不如简努力。
The pla ne takes off at six past five.飞机将于六点零五分起飞。
Tomorrow is Sun day. 明天是星期天。
Our summer vacatio n begi ns in early July. 我们的暑假七月初开始。
谓语动词、非谓语动词vs时态、语态
谓语动词、非谓语动词 vs时态、语态四级语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:过去现在将来过去将来一般 did do will/shall do should/woulddo 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have should/woulddone have done用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been / /doing1(主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般 was/were given am/is/are givenwill/shall be given should/wouldbe given 进行 was/were being am/is/are being / /given given完成 had been given have/has been will/shall have should/wouldgiven been given have beengiven 完成进行 / / / 2(被动形式, CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
, 时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一(非谓语动词一(不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
虚拟语气should 和时态前移
虚拟语气时态前移法:If I were a boy, I would join the army.If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.(1)有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。
如:Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.(2)有时虚拟条件不用从句,而用介词without ,but for等或上下文暗示,如:I am busy now。
Otherwise,I would help you。
Without air,we couldn’t live。
(3)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如:If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)If I were you, I would have gone with him.( 从句说的是现在,主句指的是过去)2. “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。
如:I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.(would/might/could)3.虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。
结构2:时态、虚拟语气
⑵ 动作开始于过去,持续到现在。
常和for,since, so far, now, this week (month, year) 等状语连用。例如: He has lived in Canada for five years. (五年前他 开始居住在加拿大,现在仍旧在那儿) She has worked at the University since 1994. (她 1994年开始在那所大学工作,现在仍是) He has studied English for 8 years. He has studied English since 1987. 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等 表示一段时间的词连用。
"Will" 一般不用来表示预定的计划或预先安排 好的事情。看下面两个例句: Tomorrow WILL BE hot and sunny. People WILL GO to Mars in the next decade. 在这两个句子中," will"用来表示说话人在作 某种预测。另外," will"如果用来表示决定做 某事,说话人并没有事先计划好,而只是在说 话瞬时作出决定。例如: Hold on. I’LL GET a pencil. We WILL SEE what we can do to help you. Maybe we’LL STAY IN and WATCH television.
⑸ 一般现在时表示将来 ⑹ 某些动词用于现在进行时
(常常有表示将来的时间状语)表示按计划 即将要发生的动作。这种用法常常限于某些 动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, arrive, return, play等。例如:
动词的各种时态及变化规则
与ago连用的状语,two days ago。与last连用的时间状语,last Sunday,last night。
动词的过去式形式
(1)一般直接在动词词尾+ed work——-worked
becomebecamebecome变
runranrun跑
4。 A ---B —--B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词.
burnburntburnt燃烧
learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习
meanmeantmeant意思
hearheardheard听见
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.
时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays
动词的变化规则
forgetforgotforgotten忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词).
Beginbeganbegun开始
ringrangrung按铃
singsangsung唱
sinksanksunk沉
swimswamswum游泳
drinkdrankdrunk饮
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
Buildbuiltbuilt建筑
Lendlentlent借给
谓语动词时态语态总结表格
谓语动词时态语态总结表格一、动词的时态英语的动词可以有十六种变化,但现在常用的是十二种,其中有九种是高中学生必须掌握的,还有三种只要理解。
现以动词do为例,十二种时态的形式列表如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do/doesis/am/aredoinghave/has donehave/hasbeen doing过去didwas/weredoinghad done*had beendoing将来shall/willdo*shall/willbe doing*shall/willhave done过去将来would do(打星号的为理解项目)1.一般现在时态A)意义:现阶段经常反复发生的动作或现在的状态。
eg. He gets up at six every morning.There is a big tree in the backyard.B)常用的时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, once a week,等。
C)表示一种真理、自然规律等,在间接引语中也仍然用一般现在时态。
eg. The scientist explained that the earth goes around the sun, but no one believed him then.D)在时间、条件等状语从句中,代替将来时。
eg. If he is not busy, he will e to the party tomorrow.E)注意第三人称单数时,动词后面要加“s”。
2.一般过去时态A)意义:过去的动作或状态。
注意,即使是刚刚发生的事情,时间非常短,也要用过去时态。
如:Why! It’s you—Mary!I didn’t know you were here!B)常用的时间状语:yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, just now, 等。
谓语动词、动词时态、语态与非谓语动词
一、谓语动词谓语动词是用来表示动作或状态的,在句子中充当谓语的中心语,它是句子不可缺少的部分,用来说明主语是什么或者做什么。
英语中的谓语动词有不同的形式,从这些形式可以看出句子的时态、语态和语气。
英语谓语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
1. 一般现在时第三人称单数2.动词过去式、过去分词1) 规则动词过去式、过去分词“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”。
2)不规则动词过去式、过去分词不规则动词的过去式、过去分词的构成可以分为AAA 型、ABA型、ABB型、ABC型五种形式。
(1)AAA型:即原形、过去式和过去分词都相同。
broadcast(广播)--- broadcast / broadcasted --- broadcast/ broadcasted ,burst(爆发,突然发作)---burst---burst, cast(撒,扔,抛)--- cast --- cast ,cost(花费)---cost---cost, cut(剪,切,割)---cut---cut,hit(打,撞击)---hit---hit, hurt(伤害,受伤)---hurt---hurt,let(让)---let---let, put(放,摆)---put---put,read(读,朗读)---read---read , set(安置,释放)---set---set,shut(关闭,合拢)---shut---shut, split(切开,撕开)---split---split,spread(展开,延伸)---spread---spread注意:read---read---read发音分别是[ri:d]---[red]---[red],其余动词三式读音相同。
(2)ABA型:即动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。
become(变得,成为)---became---become, come(来,来到)---came---come,run(奔跑,褪色)---ran---run, overcome(克服)---overcame---overcome(3)ABB型:即动词的过去式和过去分词相同。
谓语动词的时态和语态讲义 高考英语复习
谓语动词的时态和语态在英语中是如何表示谓语的时态、语态和语气呢?显然,只有动词或短语动词本身是不具备这个能力的。
只有将不同的助动词和动词或短语动词构成不同的组合,才能够表示出谓语不同的时态、语态和语气,因此我们在阅读和写作的时候,都需要牢记这一点。
时态和语态的基本概念和要求时态其实包含两个概念,那就是时和体。
时:现在、过去、将来、过去将来现在:所有现在时态都是以现在时间作为参照时间的,要求谓语中的第一个词(助动词或动词和短语动词)都需要使用其现在式,及动词原形或单三形式。
过去:所有过去时态都是以过去时间作为参照时间的,要求谓语中的第一个词使用其过去式。
将来:所有将来时态都是以将来时间作为参照时间的,要求谓语中的第一个词是shall或will(后跟动词原形)。
过去将来:所有过去将来时态都是表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,要求谓语中的第一个词是should或would(后跟动词原形)。
体:一般、进行、完成、完成进行一般:一般体就是指谓语所表示的动作是发生在某时间或是某时间的一个习惯性动作,只需遵守时对动词组合的要求即可。
进行:进行体表示某时间点正在进行的动作或某时间段反复进行的动作(现在进行时和过去进行时偶尔可表示现在或过去打算做的或即将发生的事情),要求必须有助动词be+V-ing(现在分词)。
完成:完成体表示某时间之前就完成的动作或从某时间之前开始一直延续到该时间的动作,要求必须有助动词have+V-ed(过去分词)。
完成进行:完成进行体就是完成和进行的结合,表示某时间之前就开始,一直延续到该时间,且从该时间来看,可能刚刚停止,可能要继续下去的动作。
要求必须有助动词have +been+V-ing(现在分词)。
语态:主动语态、被动语态主动语态:表示SV结构中主语是谓语所表示动作的执行者。
谓语的动词组合只遵守时态的要求即可。
被动语态:表示SV结构中主语是谓语所表示动作的承受者。
谓语的动词组合中必须以“助动词be的某个形式+过去分词”结束。
动词谓语
2 一般过去时的用法
2)注意:一般过去时与过去进行时的区别: 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行 时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 ① I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写 了一封信。(信已写完) ② I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上 午我在写一封信。(正在写,不一定写完)
3. 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you .
构成:have /has been doing 表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在,也 可能将持续下去。 ----Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work? ---Yes, that’ why I _____ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone
6.过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动 作,即“过去的过去”。 请记住: by the end of +过去时间 be the time +从句(用一般过去时) 引导的句子或主句用过去完成时) ①The film had already begun when I got there. ②They had left before I returned. ③We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.)
I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play
谓语动词的时间语态及进行语态
谓语的“进行语态”
表达“正在,一直在”的正在助动词是be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being, 这和前面提到的8个时态公式相组合时, 就构成了各种“进行时”。
1. 现在进行时(be v-ingБайду номын сангаас We are waiting for you.
2. 过去进行时(were v-ing) It was raining when they left the station;
should be studying would be studying
shall have studied
will have studied
should have studied
would have studied
shall have been studying
will have been studying
last three hours.
7. 将来完成进行时(shall/will + have+ been + v- ing) I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty
years by the end of the year.
8. 过去将来完成进行时( should/would + have+ been + v- ing ) She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for
8.过去将来完成时态 (should/would have+V-ed)
当谓语动词的动作“发生在过去看的将来,但在将来某一指 定