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2024届上海市长宁区高三上学期教学质量调研(一模)物理试卷

2024届上海市长宁区高三上学期教学质量调研(一模)物理试卷

2024届上海市长宁区高三上学期教学质量调研(一模)物理试卷一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题2022年北京冬奥会跳台滑雪项目比赛在位于张家口的国家跳台滑雪中心举行,其主体建筑设计灵感来自于中国传统饰物“如意”,因此被形象地称作“雪如意”。

如图所示,现有甲、乙两名运动员(均视为质点)从出发区先后沿水平方向向左腾空飞出,其速度大小之比为,不计空气阻力,则甲、乙两名运动员从飞出至落到着陆坡(可视为斜面)上的过程中()A.水平位移之比为B.落到坡面上的瞬时速度方向不相同C.落到坡面上的瞬时速度大小相等D.在空中飞行的时间之比为第(2)题下列说法正确的是( )A.裂变反应后生成的新核的比结合能小于反应前原子核的比结合能B.氢原子从能级跃迁到的激发态时,核外电子动能增大C.质子的德布罗意波长与其动量成正比D.匀强磁场中一个静止的钚核发生衰变,新核和粒子的轨迹半径之比为第(3)题如图甲所示,两水平金属板间距为d,板间电场强度的变化规律如图乙所示。

时刻,质量为m的带电微粒以初速度沿中线射入两板间,时间内微粒匀速运动,T时刻微粒恰好经金属板边缘飞出。

微粒运动过程中未与金属板接触。

重力加速度的大小为g。

关于微粒在时间内运动的描述,正确的是()A.末速度大小为B.重力的冲量为零C.克服电场力做功D.重力势能增加了第(4)题某白炽灯泡的额定功率与额定电压分别为36W与36V.若把此灯泡接到输出电压为18V的电源两端,则灯泡消耗的电功率 ( )A.等于36W B.小于36W,大于9WC.等于9W D.小于36W第(5)题在O点处固定一个正点电荷,P点在O点右上方。

从P点由静止释放一个带负电的小球,小球仅在重力和该点电荷电场力作用下在竖直面内运动,其一段轨迹如图所示。

M、N是轨迹上的两点,OP > OM,OM=ON,则小球( )A.在运动过程中,电势能先增加后减少B.在P点的电势能小于在N点的电势能C.在M点的机械能等于在N点的机械能D.从M点运动到N点的过程中,电场力始终不做功第(6)题如图所示的电路中,R1、R2是定值电阻,电表均为理想电表,R B是磁敏材料制定的元件(其特点无磁场时处于断开状态,有磁场出现时导通)。

2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷

2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷

一、听力选择题二、听力选择题1. Who might print out the documents?A .Mrs. Green.B .Miss Jones.C .Mr. Collins.2. What does the man advise Mary to do?A .Go out to work.B .Listen carefully to Henry.C .Be calm and patient.3. What does the man mean?A .He also thought the lecture was boring.B .He enjoyed the lecture the whole time.C .The lecture lasted more than an hour.4. What is the weather like now?A .Cloudy.B .Sunny.C .Rainy.5.A .He’ll be late for the party.B .The soccer practice will end later than usual.C .He’ll miss the soccer practice.D .The soccer practice will take place after the party.6. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

1.A .The possible existence of life on other planets.B .Methods for building powerful new telescopes.C .A technical problem that astronomers can’t solveD .The discovery of planets orbiting distant stars.2.A .They studied variations in the appearance of the parent stars.B .They were able to see the planets with a telescope.C .They compared the parent stars to the Sun.D .They sent astronauts on a mission into space 3.A .Their surface features.B .Their chemical composition.C .Their temperature.D .Their age.4.A .All the stars are orbited by their own planets.B .We currently have a telescope that can be used to see other planetsC .By a very direct method,the astronomers measured subtle distortions.D .By a very indirect method,the astronomers measured subtle distortions.7. 听下面一段较长对话,完成以下小题。

2024届上海市长宁区高三教学质量调研(一模)语文试卷(原卷版)

2024届上海市长宁区高三教学质量调研(一模)语文试卷(原卷版)
B.“千骑拥高牙,乘醉听箫鼓,吟赏烟霞。异日图将好景,归去凤池夸。”(柳永《望海潮》
B.新时代海派文化因城市定位的巨大变化而有了新特质
C.上海要建成卓越的全球城市是由海派文化特质决定的。
D.整体空间格局对新时代海派文化的样态有决定性影响。
6.根据绪论和目录,以下对海派文化和江南文化关系的看法,作者不可能认同的一项是( )
A.江南文化可视作海派文化的根基。
B.海派文化可视作江南文化的升华
⑧冬天来了,雪大片大片地落下,遮盖了湖,遮盖了滩,也遮盖了堤。现在的湖像刚出生的猫一样温顺,但并不是没有任何戒备的温顺。现在,它失去了争斗的能力,只能在雪下窥探,紧盯着对方的一举一动。和人斗了一辈子,和堤和岸斗了一辈子,它知道,一点点放松,就会导致满盘皆输。人、堤和岸输了还有退路,不过是从头再来,但湖输了呢?它会比人、堤、岸更惨。湖输了,湖域会被一点点地收束、蚕食,只能像一个刚过门的小媳妇一样畏畏缩缩地活在阴影里。这不是湖的性格,一条从远古奔涌而来的湖,从来没有忍让、迁就和屈服的习惯。
⑦文化的存续不能脱离特定区域经济社会的发展阶段,海派文化的生成和嬗变过程见证了近代以来上海在中国和世界局势中的命运变迁。作为历史概念的近代海派文化曾经为上海的发展提供了鲜明的城市标识,同时也成为某种无形的制约因素,一定程度上带来一些负面的影响。在新时代的语境之下,历史概念的海派文化经过改革开放之后的转型与创新,在价值取向和精神内涵上都产生了本质性的变化。当前,我们来重新审视海派文化的内在特质和价值取向,归根结底要思考的是上海的当下和未来如何带给中国和世界一个独特的文化上海。
⑨它在等,等一个季节,等一场连绵不断的雨,等一次平山移路的山洪,它知道这道新堤拦不住它。历史上无数次破堤的记录都证明了这一点,只是没有人愿意去翻这些历史记录了,他们的注意力都在堤上,都在被堤圈起来的肥沃的土地里。

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区七年级(下)期末数学试卷及答案解析

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区七年级(下)期末数学试卷及答案解析

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区七年级(下)期末数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每题2分,满分12分)1.(2分)下列各数中,是无理数的是()A.B.C.D.2.(2分)下列运算正确的是()A.B.C.D.3.(2分)下列图中,∠1、∠2是对顶角的是()A.B.C.D.4.(2分)已知a为实数,那么在平面直角坐标系中,下列各点中一定位于第四象限的点是()A.(4,﹣a2)B.(a+1,﹣4)C.(a2+1,﹣4)D.(a2,﹣4)5.(2分)已知等腰三角形的周长为16,其底边长为a,那么a的取值范围是()A.a>0B.0<a<8C.0<a<16D.a<166.(2分)如图,直线a⊥b,在平面直角坐标系中,x轴∥a,y轴∥b,已知点A(﹣1,4)、点B(2,﹣1),那么坐标原点是点()A.O1B.O2C.O3D.O4二、填空题(本大题共12小题,每空3分,满分36分)7.(3分)49的平方根是.8.(3分)比较大小:﹣π﹣3.14(选填“>”、“=”、“<”).9.(3分)计算:=.10.(3分)近似数﹣0.040有个有效数字.11.(3分)把表示成幂的形式是.12.(3分)在△ABC中,已知∠A:∠B:∠C=1:2:1,那么△ABC是三角形.13.(3分)如图,AB∥CD,BF交CD于点E,AE⊥BF,∠CEF=34°,则∠A的度数是.14.(3分)在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,联结AC、BD,已知梯形ABCD的面积为16,△BDC的面积为12,那么△ADC的面积.15.(3分)一个三角形的三边长为x,5,7,另一个与它全等的三角形的三边长为3,y,5,那么以x、y 为腰长和底边长的等腰三角形的周长等于.16.(3分)平面直角坐标系中有点P、Q(2,﹣3)、M(﹣1,2).如果PQ∥x轴,PM∥y轴,那么点P 关于原点O对称的点的坐标是.17.(3分)如图,E、B、C三点在一条直线上,AD∥BC,AD=BC,点F是AE的中点,如果BD=EC,那么∠BFD=度.18.(3分)如图,在长方形ABCD中,AB=12厘米,AD=16厘米,点E为AD中点,已知点P在线段AB上以2厘米/秒的速度由点A向点B运动,同时点Q在线段BC上由点C向点B运动,如果△AEP 与△BPQ恰好全等,那么点Q的运动速度是厘米/秒.三、简答题(本大题共4题,第19、20题每题6分,第21、22题每题7分,满分26分)19.(6分)计算:.20.(6分)利用幂的运算性质计算:.21.(7分)如图,已知AB∥CD,BE∥DF,∠B=30°,试求∠CDH的度数.22.(7分)如图,已知AC∥DE,AC=DE,BD=FC,说明△ABC≌△EFD.请填写说理过程或理由.解:因为AC∥DE(已知),所以∠ACB=∠EDF().因为BD=FC(已知),所以﹣BD=﹣FC(),即BC=FD.在△ABC与△EFD中,,所以△ABC≌△EFD().四、解答题(本大题共3题,第23题6分,第24题10分,第25题10分,满分26分)23.(6分)如图,直角坐标平面上有边长为1的正方形网格,已知点A的坐标为(3,4),点B的坐标为(4,1),点C的坐标为(﹣2,4).(1)平移线段AB得到线段CD,此时点A与点C重合,点B与点D重合,直接写出点D的坐标是;(2)顺次连接点A、B、D、C,那么四边形ABDC的面积是;(3)再次平移线段CD,使得其两个端点都落在坐标轴上,此时点C与点P重合,那么点P与坐标原点O的距离=.24.(10分)如图,△ABC和△AED都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠AED=90°,点D在AB上,点M(1)联结DM,延长DM与AC相交于点F,请根据要求画出图形,并说明AE=CF.(2)再联结BF,已知BF=12,求CM的长.25.(10分)在锐角三角形ABC中,点D、E分别在边AB、AC上,联结DE,将△ADE沿DE翻折后,点A落在BC边上的点P,当△BDP和△CEP都为等腰三角形时,我们把线段DE称为△ABC的完美翻折线,P为完美点.(1)如图1,在等边三角形ABC中,边BC的中点P是它的完美点,已知其完美翻折线DE的长为4,那么等边三角形ABC的周长=.(2)如图2,已知DE为△ABC的完美翻折线,P为完美点,当∠B、∠C恰为等腰三角形的顶角时,求此时∠A的度数.(3)如图3,已知DE为△ABC的完美翻折线,P为完美点,当∠B、∠EPC恰为等腰三角形的顶角时,请判断点P到边AB、AC的距离是否相等?并说明你的判断理由.2023-2024学年上海市长宁区七年级(下)期末数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每题2分,满分12分)1.【分析】无理数即无限不循环小数,据此即可求得答案.【解答】解:是无限不循环小数,它是无理数;=4,﹣=﹣3是整数,是分数,它们不是无理数;故选:A.【点评】本题考查无理数的识别,熟练掌握其定义是解题的关键.2.【分析】根据算术平方根的定义依次计算即可求解.【解答】解:A、无意义,故错误,不符合题意;B、﹣=﹣5,故错误,不符合题意;C、=9,故错误,不符合题意;D、=3,故正确,符合题意.故选:D.【点评】本题考查了算术平方根,解题的关键是熟练运用算术平方根的定义,本题属于基础题型.3.【分析】根据对顶角的定义逐项判断即可.【解答】解:由一个公共端点,并且一个角的两边分别与另一个角的两边互为反向延长线,具有这种位置关系的两个角即为对顶角,则A,B,C中的图形不符合此定义;D中的图形符合此定义;故选:D.【点评】本题考查对顶角的识别,熟练掌握其定义是解题的关键.4.【分析】A.先判断a2的大小,从而判断﹣a2的大小,最后根据点的坐标判断其所在位置即可;B.先根据a的大小,从而判断a+1的大小,最后根据点的坐标判断其所在位置即可;C.先判断a2的大小,从而判断a2+1大小,后根据点的坐标判断其所在位置即可;D.先判断a2的大小,然后根据点的坐标判断其所在位置即可.【解答】解:A.∵a2≥0,∴﹣a2≤0,∴(4,﹣a2)在第四象限或x轴的正半轴上,故此选项不符合题意;B.∵a为实数,∴a+1>0或a+1≤0,∴(a+1,﹣4)可能在第四象限,也可能在第三象限,也可能在y轴的负半轴上,故此选项不符合题意;C.∵a2≥0,∴a2+1>0,∴(a2+1,﹣4)一定在第四象限.故此选项符合题意;D.a2≥0,∴(a2,﹣4)在第四象限或y轴的负半轴上,故此选项不符合题意,故选:C.【点评】本题主要考查了点的坐标,解题关键是熟练掌握各个象限和坐标轴上点的坐标特征.5.【分析】根据已知易得:腰长为,然后根据三角形的三边关系可得,从而进行计算即可解答.【解答】解:∵等腰三角形的周长为16,其底边长为a,∴腰长为,由题意得:,解得:0<a<8,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了等腰三角形的性质,解一元一次不等式组,三角形的三边关系,准确熟练地进行计算是解题的关键.6.【分析】根据题意和点A和点B的坐标,可以画出相应的坐标系,然后即可得哪个点为原点.【解答】解:由题意可得,平面直角坐标系如图所示,故坐标原点是点O2,故选:B.【点评】本题考查坐标与图形的性质,解答本题的关键是明确题意,画出相应的平面直角坐标系.二、填空题(本大题共12小题,每空3分,满分36分)7.【分析】根据平方根的定义解答.【解答】解:49的平方根是±7.故答案为:±7.【点评】本题考查了平方根的定义,注意一个正数有两个平方根,它们互为相反数;0的平方根是0;负数没有平方根.8.【分析】先比较π和3.14的大小,再根据“两个负数,绝对值大的反而小”即可比较﹣π<﹣3.14的大小.【解答】解:因为π是无理数所以π>3.14,故﹣π<﹣3.14.故填空答案:<.【点评】此题主要考查了实数的大小的比较,实数大小比较法则:(1)正数大于0,0大于负数,正数大于负数;(2)两个负数,绝对值大的反而小.9.【分析】根据分数指数幂的定义和运算性质计算即可.【解答】解:原式====8,故答案为:8.【点评】本题考查的是分数指数幂,熟练掌握分数指数幂的定义和运算性质是解题的关键.10.【分析】根据有效数字的定义即一个近似数的有效数字是从左边第一个不是0的数字起,后面所有的数字都是这个数的有效数字,即可得出答案.【解答】解:近似数﹣0.040有4,0两个有效数字.故答案为:2.【点评】此题考查近似数和有效数字,注意有效数字即从左边不是0的数字起所有的数字.中间的0和末尾的0都是有效数字.11.【分析】根据分数指数幂的定义即可求出答案.【解答】解:=.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查分数指数幂的公式,=.12.【分析】根据三角形内角和、三个内角比计算出每个内角度数即可判断.【解答】解:设∠A=x,则∠B=2x,∠C=x,∵∠A+∠B+∠C=180°,∴x+2x+x=180°,∴x=45°,∴∠A=45°,∠B=90°,∠C=45°,所以△ABC是等腰直角三角形.故答案为:等腰直角.【点评】本题考查了三角形内角和定理,运用方程思想是解本题的关键.13.【分析】先根据垂直的定义得到∠AEF=90°,进而求出∠AEC=56°,再由两直线平行,内错角相等可得∠A=∠AEC=56°.【解答】解:∵AE⊥BF,∴∠AEF=90°,∵∠CEF=34°,∴∠AEC=∠AEF﹣∠CEF=56°,∵AB∥CD,∴∠A=∠AEC=56°,故答案为:56°.【点评】本题考查了平行线的性质,垂直的定义,熟练掌握平行线的性质是解题的关键.14.【分析】根据题意求出△BDA的面积,再根据三角形的面积公式求出△ADC的面积.【解答】解:∵梯形ABCD的面积为16,△BDC的面积为12,∴△BDA的面积为:16﹣12=4,∵AD∥BC,∴△ADC的面积=△BDA的面积=4,故答案为:4.【点评】本题考查的是梯形的性质、三角形的面积计算,掌握三角形的面积公式是解题的关键.15.【分析】根据全等三角形的对应边相等可得x=3,y=7,根据三角形的三边关系求出等腰三角形的三边,即可求得答案.【解答】解:∵三角形的三边长为x,5,7的三角形,与另一个三边长为3,y,5的三角形全等,∴x=3,y=7,当以x为腰时,∴三角形的三边为3,3,7,∵3+3<7,∴不能够组成三角形,当以y为腰时,∴三角形的三边为7,7,3,∵3+7>7,∴能组成三角形,∴三角形的周长=3+7+7=17,故答案为:17.【点评】此题考查全等三角形的性质、等腰三角形的性质,三角形的三边关系,熟记性质准确找出对应边得到x、y的值是解题的关键.16.【分析】根据关于原点对称的点的坐标:横纵坐标互为相反数解答即可.【解答】解:由题意得:Q(2,﹣3)、M(﹣1,2),PQ∥x轴,PM∥y轴,∴P(﹣1,﹣3),∴点P关于原点O对称的点的坐标是(1,3).故答案为:(1,3).【点评】本题主要考查了关于原点对称的点的坐标特点,熟练掌握关于原点对称的点的坐标:横纵坐标互为相反数是解题关键.17.【分析】延长BF、DA交于点G,可证明△AFG≌△EFB,得AG=EB,GF=BF,而AD=BC,可推导出GD=EC,因为BD=EC,所以GD=BD,即可根据等腰三角形的“三线合一”证明DF⊥BG,则∠BFD=90°,于是得到问题的答案.【解答】解:延长BF、DA交于点G,∵AD∥BC,∴∠G=∠EBF,∵点F是AE的中点,∴AF=EF,在△AFG和△EFB中,,∴AG=EB,GF=BF,∵AD=BC,∴AG+AD=EB+BC,∴GD=EC,∵BD=EC,∴GD=BD,∴DF⊥BG,∴∠BFD=90°,故答案为:90.【点评】此题重点考查平行线的性质、线段的中点的定义、全等三角形的判定与性质、等腰三角形的“三线合一”等知识,正确地作出辅助线是解题的关键.18.【分析】根据△AEP与△BPQ全等,得到AE=PB,可计算出运动时间,再根据BQ=AP,即可计算出点Q的运动速度.【解答】解:设运动时间为t s,Q的运动速度x cm/s,由题意得AP=2t cm,QC=xt cm,∴BQ=(16﹣xt)cm,PB=(12﹣2t)cm,∵△AEP与△BPQ全等,∴BQ=AP,AE=PB或BP=AP,AE=BQ,当BQ=AP,AE=PB时,∵AE=8cm,∴12﹣2t=8cm,∴t=2,∴AP=2t=4cm,∴16﹣xt=4,∴x=6;当BP=AP,AE=BQ时,,解方程组得t=3,x=,故点Q的运动速度是6cm/s或cm/s.故答案为:6或.【点评】本题考查矩形的性质和全等三角形的性质,根据三角形全等对应的边相等建立等式是解本题的关键.三、简答题(本大题共4题,第19、20题每题6分,第21、22题每题7分,满分26分)19.【分析】根据立方根、平方根以及零次幂、负整数指数幂的意义计算.【解答】解:原式=+2﹣1+=3.【点评】本题考查了二次根式的混合运算及立方根、平方根以及零次幂、负整数指数幂的运算,正确理解平方根与立方根的意义是解题的关键.20.【分析】直接利用分数指数幂的性质分别化简得出答案.【解答】解:原式====22=4.【点评】本题考查分数指数幂、实数的运算,熟练掌握运算法则是解题的关键.21.【分析】先根据BE∥DF,∠B=30°得出∠FMA=∠B=30°,再由AB∥CD即可得出∠CDM的度数,再由平角的定义即可得出结论.【解答】解:∵BE∥DF,∠B=30°,∴∠FMA=∠B=30°,∵AB∥CD,∴∠CDM=∠FMA=30°,∴∠CDH=180°﹣∠CDM=180°﹣30°=150°.【点评】本题考查的是平行线的性质,熟知两直线平行,同位角相等是解题的关键.22.【分析】根据平行线的性质及线段的和差求出∠ACB=∠EDF,BC=FD,利用SAS证明△ABC≌△EFD 即可.【解答】解:因为AC∥DE(已知),所以∠ACB=∠EDF(两直线平行,内错角相等),因为BD=FC(已知),所以BF﹣BD=BF﹣FC(等式性质),即BC=FD.在△ABC与△EFD中,,所以△ABC≌△EFD(SAS).故答案为:两直线平行,内错角相等;BF;BF;等式性质;SAS.【点评】此题考查了全等三角形的判定,熟记全等三角形的判定定理是解题的关键.四、解答题(本大题共3题,第23题6分,第24题10分,第25题10分,满分26分)23.【分析】(1)根据点A和点C的坐标得出平移的方向和距离,再结合点B的坐标即可解决问题.(2)画出示意图,结合所画图形即可解决问题.(3)根据题意,画出示意图,结合图形平移的性质即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)因为点A坐标为(3,4),点C坐标为(﹣2,4),且平移后点A与点C重合,所以3﹣(﹣2)=5,4﹣4=0,又因为点B的坐标为(4,1),所以4﹣5=﹣1,1﹣0=1,则点D的坐标为(﹣1,1).故答案为:(﹣1,1).(2)如图所示,连接AD,则,同理可得,,∴.故答案为:15.(3)如图所示,当点C在x轴上,点D在y轴上时,点P的坐标为(﹣1,0),所以点P与坐标原点的距离为1.当点C在y轴上,点D在x轴上时,点P′的坐标为(0,3),所以点P′与坐标原点的距离为3.故答案为:1或3.【点评】本题主要考查了坐标与图形变化﹣平移及三角形的面积,熟知图形平移的性质及三角形的面积公式是解题的关键.24.【分析】(1)由△ABC和△AED都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠AED=90°,得AC=CB,AE=ED,则∠CAB=∠EDA=45°,所以AC∥DE,则∠FCM=∠DEM,而∠FMC=∠DME,CM=EM,即可证明△FCM≌△DEM,得CF=ED,则AE=CF;(2)由∠CAB=∠EAD=45°,得∠EAC=90°,则∠EAC=∠FCB,即可证明△EAC≌△FCB,得CE=BF=12,则CM=CE=6.【解答】解:(1)联结DM,延长DM与AC相交于点F,∵△ABC和△AED都是等腰直角三角形,∠ACB=∠AED=90°,∴AC=CB,AE=ED,∴∠CAB=∠CBA=45°,∠EDA=∠EAD=45°,∴∠CAB=∠EDA,∴AC∥DE,∴∠FCM=∠DEM,∵点M为CE的中点,∴CM=EM,在△FCM和△DEM中,,∴△FCM≌△DEM(AAS),∴CF=ED,∴AE=CF.(2)联结BF,∵∠CAB=∠EAD=45°,∴∠EAC=2×45°=90°,∴∠EAC=∠FCB,在△EAC和△FCB中,,∴△EAC≌△FCB(SAS),∴CE=BF=12,∴CM=EM=CE=×12=6,∴CM的长为6.【点评】此题重点考查等腰直角三角形的判定与性质、平行线的判定与性质、线段的中点的定义、全等三角形的判定与性质等知识,证明△FCM≌△DEM是解题的关键.25.【分析】(1)根据翻折的性质可得△ADE≌△PDE,根据等边三角形的性质可得∠B=∠C=60°,则△BDP和△PEC是等边三角形,最后证明△ADE是等边三角形即可求解;(2)连接AP,设∠DAP=α,∠EAP=β,根据三角形的外角定理和等腰三角形的性质可得∠BPD=∠BDP=2α,∠CPE=∠PEC=2β,最后根据∠BPD+∠DPE+∠CPE=180°即可求解;(3)连接AP,过P作PH⊥AB于点H,PN⊥AC于点N,设∠DAP=α,∠EAP=β,根据∠BPD+∠DPE+∠CPE=180°可得α=β,则AP为∠BAC的平分线,PH=PN,即可求解.【解答】解:(1)∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴∠A=∠B=∠C=60°,AB=AC,∵P为△ABC的完美点,∴△ADE≌△PDE,△BDP和△PEC是等腰三角形,∵∠B=∠C=60°,∴△BDP和△PEC是等边三角形,∴BD=DP,PE=CE,又∵AD=DP,AE=PE,∴,,∴AD=AE,∴△ADE是等边三角形,∵DE=4,∴AD=AE=4,∴AB=AC=BC=8,∴等边三角形ABC的周长=8+8+8=24,故答案为:24;(2)连接AP,如图2,设∠DAP=α,∠EAP=β,∵DE为△ABC的完美翻折线,∴△ADE≌△PDE,∴AD=DP,AE=PE,∴∠DPA=∠DAP=α,∠EPA=∠EAP=β,∴∠BDP=2α,∠PEC=2β,∵△BDP和△PEC是等腰三角形,且∠B,∠C都为顶角,∴BD=BP,CP=CE,∴∠BPD=∠BDP=2α,∠CPE=∠PEC=2β,∵∠BPD+∠DPE+∠CPE=180°,∴3α+3β=180°,∴α+β=60°,即∠BAC=60°;(3)点P到边AB、AC的距离相等;理由如下:连接AP,过P作PH⊥AB于点H,PN⊥AC于点N,如图3,∵DE为△ABC的完美翻折线,∴△ADE≌△PDE,△BDP和△PEC是等腰三角形,设∠DAP=α,∠EAP=β,∴∠DPA=∠DAP=α,∠EPA=∠EAP=β,∴∠BDP=2α,∠PEC=2β,∵∠B,∠EPC为顶角,∴BD=BP,PE=PC,∴∠BPD=∠BDP=2α,∠PEC=∠PCE=2β,∴∠EPC=180°﹣4β,∵∠BPD+∠DPE+∠EPC=180°,∴2α+α+β+180°﹣4β=180°,∴α=β,AP为∠BAC的平分线,∴PH=PN,.【点评】本题主要考查了三角形的折叠问题,等腰三角形的性质,等边三角形的性质,角平分线的性质定理,解题的关键是掌握相关内容,根据三角形的内角和定理和外角定理构造等量关系求解。

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区九年级(上)期末数学试卷(一模)及答案解析

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区九年级(上)期末数学试卷(一模)及答案解析

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区九年级(上)期末数学试卷(一模)一、选择题(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【每小题只有一个正确选项,在答题纸相应题号的选项上用2B铅笔正确填涂】1.(4分)在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,如果∠A=α,BC=a,那么AC等于()A.a•tanαB.a•cotαC.D.2.(4分)下列关于抛物线y=2x2+x﹣3的描述正确的是()A.该抛物线是上升的B.该抛物线是下降的C.在对称轴的左侧该抛物线是上升的D.在对称轴的右侧该抛物线是上升的3.(4分)已知点C在线段AB上,且满足AC2=BC•AB,那么下列式子成立的是()A.B.C.D.4.(4分)已知为非零向量,且,那么下列说法错误的是()A.B.C.+3=0D.∥5.(4分)如果点D、E分别在△ABC的两边AB、AC上,由下列哪一组条件可以推出DE ∥BC()A.,=B.C.,D.6.(4分)已知在△ABC与△A'B'C'中,点D、D′分别在边BC、B'C'上,(点D不与点B、C重合,点D'不与点B'、C'重合).如果△ADC与△A′D′C′相似,点A、D分别对应点A'、D',那么添加下列条件可以证明△ABC与△A'B'C'相似的是()①AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的角平分线;②AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的中线;③AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的高.A.①②B.②③C.①③D.①②③二、填空题(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)【在答题纸相应题号后的空格内直接填写答案】7.(4分)如果5x=3y(x、y均不为零),那么x:(x+y)的值是.8.(4分)计算:2cos30°﹣tan45°=.9.(4分)已知线段a=3cm,b=4cm,那么线段a、b的比例中项等于cm.10.(4分)已知两个相似三角形的周长之比为2:3,那么它们的面积之比为.11.(4分)如图,AB∥CD∥EF,如果AC:CE=2:3,BF=10,那么线段DF的长为.12.(4分)二次函数f(x)=ax2+bx+c图象上部分点的坐标满足下表:那么f(﹣5)=.x…﹣3﹣2﹣101…f(x)…﹣3﹣2﹣3﹣6﹣11…13.(4分)已知向量与单位向量方向相反,且,那么=.(用含向量的式子表示)14.(4分)已知一条斜坡的长度为13米,高度为5米,那么该斜坡的坡度为.15.(4分)如图,在△ABC中,AD是BC上的高,且BC=5,AD=3,矩形EFGH的顶点F、G在边BC上,顶点E、H分别在边AB和AC上,如果EH=2EF,那么EH=.16.(4分)如图,在△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,点G是△ABC的重心,联结GA、GC,如果AC=3,,那么∠GCA的余切值为.17.(4分)我们把顶角互补的两个等腰三角形叫做友好三角形.在△ABC中,AB=AC=10,点D、E都在边BC上,AD=AE=5,如果△ABC与△ADE是友好三角形,那么BC的长为.18.(4分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AD=8,AB=4,AC是对角线,点P在边BC上,联结DP,将△DPC沿着直线DP翻折,点C的对应点Q恰好落在△ADC内,那么线段BP 的取值范围是.三、解答题(本大题共7题,满分78分)【将下列各题的解答过程,做在答题纸的相应位置上】19.(10分)已知抛物线y=2x2+4x+1.(1)用配方法把y=2x2+4x+1化为y=a(x+m)2+k的形式,并写出该抛物线的开口方向、对称轴和顶点坐标;(2)如果将该抛物线上下平移,得到新的抛物线经过点(1,4),求平移后的抛物线的顶点坐标.20.(10分)在平行四边形ABCD中,点E是AD的中点,BE、AC相交于点F.(1)设,,试用、表示;(2)先化简,再求作:(直接作在图中).21.(10分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠BAD=90°,AC⊥BC,DE⊥AC,垂足为点E,AC=4,DE=3.(1)求AD:AB的值;(2)联结BD交AC于点F,如果,求CF的长.22.(10分)小明为测量河对岸大楼的高度,利用量角器和铅锤自制了一个简易测角仪,如图1所示.测量方法:如图2,人眼在P点观察所测物体最高点C,量角器零刻度线上A、B两点均在视线PC上,将铅锤悬挂在量角器的中心点O.当铅锤静止时,测得视线PC与铅垂线OD所夹的角为α,且此时的仰角为β.实践操作:如图3,小明利用上述工具测量河对岸垂直于水平地面的大楼EF的高度.他先站在水平地面的点H处,视线为GE,此时测角仪上视线与铅垂线的夹角为60°;然后他向前走10米靠近大楼站在水平地面的点R处,视线为QE,此时测角仪上视线与铅垂线的夹角为45°.问题解决:(1)请用含α的代数式表示仰角β;(2)如果GH、QR、EF在同一平面内,小明的眼睛到水平地面的距离为1.6米,求大楼EF的高度.(结果保留根号)23.(12分)如图,在△ABC中,点D、E分别是BC、AD的中点,且AD=AC,联结CE 并延长交AB于点F.(1)求证:△ABC∽△DCE;(2)求证:BF=4EF.24.(12分)已知抛物线y=x2+bx+c与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B的左侧),与y 轴交于点C,直线y=﹣x﹣6经过点A与点C.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)点P在线段AC下方的抛物线上,过点P作BC的平行线交线段AC于点D,交y 轴于点E.①如果C、F两点关于抛物线的对称轴对称,联结DF,当DF⊥CF时,求∠PDF的正切值;②如果PD:DE=3:5,求点P的坐标.25.(14分)已知△ABC中,∠ABC=2∠C,BG平分∠ABC,AB=8,AG=.点D、E 分别是边BC、AC上的点(点D不与点B、C重合),且∠ADE=∠ABC,AD、BG相交于点F.(1)求BC的长;(2)如图1,如果BF=2CE,求BF:GF的值;(3)如果△ADE是以AD为腰的等腰三角形,求BD长.2023-2024学年上海市长宁区九年级(上)期末数学试卷(一模)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【每小题只有一个正确选项,在答题纸相应题号的选项上用2B铅笔正确填涂】1.(4分)在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,如果∠A=α,BC=a,那么AC等于()A.a•tanαB.a•cotαC.D.【分析】画出图形,根据锐角三角函数的定义求出即可.【解答】解:cot∠A=,∴AC=BC•cot A=a•cot A,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了锐角三角函数的定义的应用,主要考查学生的理解能力和计算能力.2.(4分)下列关于抛物线y=2x2+x﹣3的描述正确的是()A.该抛物线是上升的B.该抛物线是下降的C.在对称轴的左侧该抛物线是上升的D.在对称轴的右侧该抛物线是上升的【分析】根据抛物线的解析式和二次函数的性质,可以判断各个选项中的说法是否正确.【解答】解:∵抛物线y=2x2+x﹣3,∴a=2>0,在对称轴左侧,该抛物线下降,在对称轴右侧上升,故选项A、B、C均错误,不符合题意,选项D正确,符合题意;故选:D.【点评】本题考查二次函数的性质、二次函数图象上点的坐标特征,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用二次函数的性质解答.3.(4分)已知点C在线段AB上,且满足AC2=BC•AB,那么下列式子成立的是()A.B.C.D.【分析】根据黄金分割的定义进行计算,即可解答.【解答】解:∵点C在线段AB上,且满足AC2=BC•AB,∴点C是AB的黄金分割点,且AC>BC,∴==,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了黄金分割,熟练掌握黄金分割的定义是解题的关键.4.(4分)已知为非零向量,且,那么下列说法错误的是()A.B.C.+3=0D.∥【分析】根据平面向量的运算法则逐一判断即可.【解答】解:∵为非零向量,且,∴;||=3||;;,故C错误,故选:C.【点评】本题考查了平面向量,熟记平面向量的运算法则是解题的关键.5.(4分)如果点D、E分别在△ABC的两边AB、AC上,由下列哪一组条件可以推出DE ∥BC()A.,=B.C.,D.【分析】对于选项C,证明△DAE∽△BAC,根据相似三角形的性质得到∠ADE=∠ABC,根据平行线的判定定理证明.【解答】解:A、不能推出DE∥BC,不符合题意;B、不能推出DE∥BC,不符合题意;C、∵=,∴=,∵=,∴=,∵∠A=∠A,∴△DAE∽△BAC,∴∠ADE=∠ABC,∴DE∥BC,本选项符合题意;D、不能推出DE∥BC,不符合题意;故选:C.【点评】本题考查的是相似三角形的判定和性质、平行线的判定,熟记相似三角形的判定定理是解题的关键.6.(4分)已知在△ABC与△A'B'C'中,点D、D′分别在边BC、B'C'上,(点D不与点B、C重合,点D'不与点B'、C'重合).如果△ADC与△A′D′C′相似,点A、D分别对应点A'、D',那么添加下列条件可以证明△ABC与△A'B'C'相似的是()①AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的角平分线;②AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的中线;③AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的高.A.①②B.②③C.①③D.①②③【分析】根据相似三角形的判定与性质逐一判断即可得出结论.【解答】解:如图,①AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的角平分线,∴∠BAD=∠CAD,∠B'A'D'=∠C'A'D',又∵△ADC∽△A'D'C',∴∠CAD=∠C'A'D',∠C=∠C',∴∠BAC=∠B'A'C',∴△BAC∽△B'A'C',故添加条件①可以证明△ABC与△A'B'C'相似;②AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的中线,∴BD=CD,B'D'=C'D',又∵△ADC∽△A'D'C',∴∠ADC=∠A'D'C',,∴,∠ADB=∠A'D'B',∴△ABD∽△A'B'D',∴∠B=∠B',又∵∠C=∠C',∴△BAC∽△B'A'C',故添加条件②可以证明△ABC与△A'B'C'相似;③AD、A'D'分别是△ABC与△A'B'C'的高,△ADC∽△A'D'C',由图形可知,△ABC与△A'B'C'不相似,故选:A.【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定与性质,熟记相似三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键.二、填空题(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)【在答题纸相应题号后的空格内直接填写答案】7.(4分)如果5x=3y(x、y均不为零),那么x:(x+y)的值是3:8.【分析】令x=3,则y=5,x:(x+y)=3:(3+5)=3:8.【解答】解:根据题意,可令x=3,则y=5,因此,x:(x+y)=3:(3+5)=3:8.故答案为:3:8.【点评】本题考查的是比例的基本性质,令x=3,则y=5,然后化简整理即可求得.8.(4分)计算:2cos30°﹣tan45°=﹣1.【分析】利用特殊锐角的三角函数值计算即可.【解答】解:原式=2×﹣1=﹣1,故答案为:﹣1.【点评】本题考查特殊锐角的三角函数值,此为基础且重要知识点,必须熟练掌握.9.(4分)已知线段a=3cm,b=4cm,那么线段a、b的比例中项等于2cm.【分析】根据线段的比例中项的定义列式计算即可得解.【解答】解:∵线段a=3cm,b=4cm,∴线段a、b的比例中项==2cm.故答案为:2.【点评】本题考查了比例线段,熟记线段比例中项的求解方法是解题的关键,要注意线段的比例中项是正数.10.(4分)已知两个相似三角形的周长之比为2:3,那么它们的面积之比为4:9.【分析】根据相似三角形周长的比等于相似比求出相似比,再根据相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方求解即可.【解答】解:∵两个相似三角形的周长比为,∴这两个相似三角形的相似比为2:3,∴它们的面积比是4:9.故答案为:4:9.【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的性质,是基础题,熟记性质是解题的关键.11.(4分)如图,AB∥CD∥EF,如果AC:CE=2:3,BF=10,那么线段DF的长为6.【分析】根据平行线分线段成比例定理,得出==,再根据DF=BF×代入计算即可.【解答】解:∵AB∥CD∥EF,∴==,∵BF=10,∴DF=10×=6;故答案为:6.【点评】本题考查平行线分线段成比例定理,用到的知识点是平行线分线段成比例定理,关键是找准对应关系,列出比例式.12.(4分)二次函数f(x)=ax2+bx+c图象上部分点的坐标满足下表:那么f(﹣5)=﹣11.x…﹣3﹣2﹣101…f(x)…﹣3﹣2﹣3﹣6﹣11…【分析】利用表中数据确定抛物线的对称轴,然后根据抛物线的对称性求解.【解答】解:利用表中数据得抛物线的对称轴为直线x=﹣2,所以x=﹣5和x=1时的函数值相等,即当x=﹣5时,y的值为﹣11.故答案为:﹣11.【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象上点的坐标特征:二次函数图象上点的坐标满足其解析式.也考查了抛物线的对称性.13.(4分)已知向量与单位向量方向相反,且,那么=.(用含向量的式子表示)【分析】由向量与单位向量方向相反,且,根据单位向量与相反向量的知识,即可求得答案.【解答】解:∵向量与单位向量方向相反,且,∴=﹣3.故答案为:﹣3.【点评】此题考查了平面向量的知识.此题难度不大,解答本题的关键是掌握单位向量与相反向量的定义.14.(4分)已知一条斜坡的长度为13米,高度为5米,那么该斜坡的坡度为1:2.4.【分析】根据勾股定理求出斜坡的水平距离,再根据坡度的概念计算即可.【解答】解:∵斜坡的长度为13米,高度为5米,∴斜坡的水平距离为:=12,∴斜坡的坡度为5:12=1:2.4,故答案为:1:2.4.【点评】本题考查的是解直角三角形﹣坡度坡角问题,熟记坡度是坡面的铅直高度h和水平宽度l的比是解题的关键.15.(4分)如图,在△ABC中,AD是BC上的高,且BC=5,AD=3,矩形EFGH的顶点F、G在边BC上,顶点E、H分别在边AB和AC上,如果EH=2EF,那么EH=.【分析】设边EF的长为x(0<x<3),则AN=3﹣x,进而利用矩形的性质推出△AEH ∽△ABC,根据相似三角形的性质求解即可.【解答】解:如图,AD交EH于点N,设边EF的长为x(0<x<3),则AN=AD﹣EF=3﹣x,∵四边形EFGH是矩形,∴EH∥BC,∴△AEH∽△ABC,∴=,∵EH=2EF,∴EH=2x,∴=,∴x=,∴EH=2x=,故答案为:.【点评】此题考查了矩形的性质、相似三角形的判定与性质,熟记矩形的性质、相似三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键.16.(4分)如图,在△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,点G是△ABC的重心,联结GA、GC,如果AC=3,,那么∠GCA的余切值为.【分析】由于点G是△ABC的重心,所以==2,AD是BC边的中线,CF是AB 边的中线,可得AD,因为∠BAC=90°,所以BC=2AD,可得BC,由勾股定理得AB,证△ACF∽△ECG,可得EC、GE,可算得∠GCA的余切值.【解答】解:,延长AG交BC于点D,延长CG交AB于点F,过G作GE⊥AC,交AC于点E,∵点G是△ABC的重心,∴==2,AD是BC边的中线,CF是AB边的中线,∵AG=,∴GD=,AD=,∵AD是BC边的中线,∠BAC=90°,∴BC=2AD=5,在Rt△ABC中,AB==4,∵CF是AB边的中线,∴AF=AB=2,∵GE⊥AC,∴∠CEG=90°,∵∠BAC=90°,∠ECG=∠ACF,∴△ACF∽△ECG,∴,∵=2,∴=,∵AC=3,AF=2,∴EC=2,GE=,∴cot∠GCA==,故答案为:.【点评】本题考查了三角形的重心、勾股定理、余切,关键是掌握三角形重心的性质.17.(4分)我们把顶角互补的两个等腰三角形叫做友好三角形.在△ABC中,AB=AC=10,点D、E都在边BC上,AD=AE=5,如果△ABC与△ADE是友好三角形,那么BC的长为8.【分析】如图,过点A作AF⊥BC于点F.证明△FAD∽△FBA,推出====,设DF=EF=x,这AF=2x,BF=4x,构建方程求解.【解答】解:如图,过点A作AF⊥BC于点F.∵AB=AC,AD=AE,AF⊥BC,∴DF=EF,BF=FC,∠BAF=∠CAF,∠DAF=∠EAF,∵∠BAC+∠DAE=180°,∴2∠BAF+2∠DAF=180°,∴∠BAF+∠DAF=90°,∵∠BAF+∠B=90°,∴∠DAF=∠B,∵∠AFD=∠AFB=90°,∴△FAD∽△FBA,∴====,设DF=EF=x,这AF=2x,BF=4x,∵AB2=AF2+BF2,∴102=(2x)2+(4x)2,∴x=(负根已经舍去),∴BC=2BF=8x=8.故答案为:8.【点评】本题考查相似三角形的判定和性质,等腰三角形的性质,勾股定理等知识,解题的关键是正确寻找相似三角形解决问题,学会利用参数构建方程.18.(4分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AD=8,AB=4,AC是对角线,点P在边BC上,联结DP,将△DPC沿着直线DP翻折,点C的对应点Q恰好落在△ADC内,那么线段BP 的取值范围是4<BP<6.【分析】若点Q落在AD边上时,由折叠的性质证出四边形PQDC是正方形,得出PC =CD=4,求出BP=4;若点Q落在对角线AC上时,证明△ECD∽△CPD,得出,求出DP的长,可求出BP=6,则可得出答案.【解答】解:若点Q落在AD边上时,如图,∵将△DPC沿着直线DP翻折,∴CP=PQ,∠PCD=∠PQD,∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴∠PCD=∠CDQ=∠PDQ=90°,AB=CD=4,∴四边形PQDC是矩形,∵CP=PQ,∴四边形PQDC是正方形,∴PC=CD=4,∴BP=BC﹣CP=4;若点Q落在对角线AC上时,如图,∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴AB=CD=4,AD=BC=8,∠B=∠D=90°,∴AC===4,∵,∴DE==,∵△DPC沿着直线DP翻折,∴DP⊥AC,∴∠DEC=90°,∴∠EPC+∠PCE=90°,∵∠PCE+∠DCE=90°,∴∠DCE=∠DPC,∵∠PCD=∠DEC,∴△ECD∽△CPD,∴,∴,∴DP=2,∴CP===2,∴BP=BC﹣CP=8﹣2=6,∵点C的对应点Q恰好落在△ADC内,∴线段BP的取值范围是4<BP<6.故答案为:4<BP<6.【点评】本题考查矩形的性质,翻折变换,相似三角形的判定和性质,勾股定理等知识,解题的关键是正确寻找相似三角形解决问题,学会利用参数构建方程解决问题.三、解答题(本大题共7题,满分78分)【将下列各题的解答过程,做在答题纸的相应位置上】19.(10分)已知抛物线y=2x2+4x+1.(1)用配方法把y=2x2+4x+1化为y=a(x+m)2+k的形式,并写出该抛物线的开口方向、对称轴和顶点坐标;(2)如果将该抛物线上下平移,得到新的抛物线经过点(1,4),求平移后的抛物线的顶点坐标.【分析】(1)利用配方法把一般式化为顶点式,根据二次函数的性质写出抛物线的开口方向、对称轴和顶点坐标.(2)设平移后的抛物线解析式为y=2(x+1)2﹣1+k,代入点(1,4),求得k的值即可求解.【解答】解:(1)y=2x2+4x+1=2(x2+2x+1)﹣2+1=2(x+1)2﹣1,∴该抛物线的开口向上,对称轴是直线x=﹣1,顶点坐标为(﹣1,﹣1);(2)设平移后的抛物线解析式为y=2(x+1)2﹣1+k,∵新的抛物线经过点(1,4),∴4=2×22﹣1+k,解得k=﹣3,∴平移后的抛物线解析式为y=2(x+1)2﹣4,∴平移后的抛物线的顶点坐标是(﹣1,﹣4).【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象与几何变换,二次函数的性质,二次函数图象上点的坐标特征,掌握二次函数的性质是解题的关键.20.(10分)在平行四边形ABCD中,点E是AD的中点,BE、AC相交于点F.(1)设,,试用、表示;(2)先化简,再求作:(直接作在图中).【分析】(1)根据平行四边形的性质以及相似三角形的判定与性质得出EF与BE的关系即可得出结果;(2)化简,根据化简结果可知即为所求.【解答】解:(1)∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AD∥BC,AD=BC,∵点E是AD的中点,∴AE=,∴,∴EF=,∵AE=,,∴,∴,∴=;(2)=2=﹣,∵,,如图,过点E作EG∥AB交BC于点G,连接GA,则即为所求.【点评】本题考查了平面向量,相似三角形的判定与性质,平行四边形的性质,正确化简并掌握平面向量的三角形计算法则是解题的关键.21.(10分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠BAD=90°,AC⊥BC,DE⊥AC,垂足为点E,AC=4,DE=3.(1)求AD:AB的值;(2)联结BD交AC于点F,如果,求CF的长.【分析】(1)借助于△ABC∽△DAE即可解决问题.(3)先求出BC的长,再借助于△BCF∽△DEF即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)∵∠BAD=90°,∴∠BAC+∠DAE=90°.∵AC⊥BC,DE⊥AC,∴∠ACB=∠DEA=90°,∠B+∠BAC=90°,∴∠B=∠DAE.∴△ABC∽△DAE,∴AD:AB=DE:AC,又∵AC=4,DE=3,∴AD:AB=.(2)联结BD交AC于点F,如图所示,在Rt△ABC中,tan∠BAC=,∵tan∠BAC=,AC=4,∴BC=2.在Rt△AED中,tan∠ADE=tan∠BAC=,则,∴AE=,则CE=4﹣=.又∵∠ACB=∠DEC,∠BFC=∠DFE,∴△BCF∽△DEF,∴,则,解得CF=1.故CF的长为1.【点评】本题考查解直角三角形,勾股定理和相似三角形的巧妙运用是解题的关键.22.(10分)小明为测量河对岸大楼的高度,利用量角器和铅锤自制了一个简易测角仪,如图1所示.测量方法:如图2,人眼在P点观察所测物体最高点C,量角器零刻度线上A、B两点均在视线PC上,将铅锤悬挂在量角器的中心点O.当铅锤静止时,测得视线PC与铅垂线OD所夹的角为α,且此时的仰角为β.实践操作:如图3,小明利用上述工具测量河对岸垂直于水平地面的大楼EF的高度.他先站在水平地面的点H处,视线为GE,此时测角仪上视线与铅垂线的夹角为60°;然后他向前走10米靠近大楼站在水平地面的点R处,视线为QE,此时测角仪上视线与铅垂线的夹角为45°.问题解决:(1)请用含α的代数式表示仰角β;(2)如果GH、QR、EF在同一平面内,小明的眼睛到水平地面的距离为1.6米,求大楼EF的高度.(结果保留根号)【分析】(1)延长OD交PK于L,根据题意可得:OL⊥PK,从而可得:∠OLP=90°,然后利用直角三角形的两个锐角互余进行计算,即可解答;(2)延长GQ交EF于点M,根据题意可得:GM⊥EF,GH=QR=MF=1.6米,GQ=HR=10米,然后设EM=x米,分别在Rt△EGM和Rt△EQM中,利用锐角三角函数的定义求出GM和QM的长,从而列出关于x的方程,进行计算即可解答.【解答】解:(1)如图:延长OD交PK于L,由题意得:OL⊥PK,∴∠OLP=90°,∵∠POD=α,∴∠OPL=90°﹣∠POD=90°﹣α,∴β=90°﹣α;(2)延长GQ交EF于点M,由题意得:GM⊥EF,GH=QR=MF=1.6米,GQ=HR=10米,设EM=x米,在Rt△EGM中,∠GEM=60°,∴GM=EM•tan60°=x(米),在Rt△EQM中,∠QEM=45°,∴QM=EM•tan45°=x(米),∵GM﹣QM=GQ,∴x﹣x=10,解得:x=5+5,∴EM=(5+5)米,∴EF=EM+FM=5+5+1.6=(5+6.6)米,∴大楼EF的高度为(5+6.6)米.【点评】本题考查了解直角三角形﹣仰角俯角问题,列代数式,根据题目的已知条件并结合图形添加适当的辅助线是解题的关键.23.(12分)如图,在△ABC中,点D、E分别是BC、AD的中点,且AD=AC,联结CE 并延长交AB于点F.(1)求证:△ABC∽△DCE;(2)求证:BF=4EF.【分析】(1)由相似三角形的判定可得结论;(2)由三角形中位线定理可得DH∥AB,可得△AFE∽△DHE,可证EF=EH,可得CF =4EF,由相似三角形的性质可得∠B=∠DCE,可得BF=CF=4EF.【解答】证明:(1)∵点D、E分别是BC、AD的中点,∴BC=2CD,DA=2DE,∵AD=AC,∴AC=2DE,∠ADC=∠ACD,∴=2,∴△ABC∽△DCE;(2)取FC的中点H,连接DH,∵点H是CF的中点,∴FH=CH,又∵BD=CD,∴DH∥AB,∴△AFE∽△DHE,∴=1,∴EF=EH,∴FH=2EF,∴FC=4EF,由(1)可知:△ABC∽△DCE,∴∠B=∠DCE,∴BF=CF,∴BF=4EF.【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定和性质,等腰三角形的性质,添加恰当辅助线构造相似三角形是解题的关键.24.(12分)已知抛物线y=x2+bx+c与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B的左侧),与y 轴交于点C,直线y=﹣x﹣6经过点A与点C.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)点P在线段AC下方的抛物线上,过点P作BC的平行线交线段AC于点D,交y 轴于点E.①如果C、F两点关于抛物线的对称轴对称,联结DF,当DF⊥CF时,求∠PDF的正切值;②如果PD:DE=3:5,求点P的坐标.【分析】(1)由待定系数法即可求解;(2)①证明DF∥y轴,则∠ADP=∠E=∠OCB,即可求解;②由PD:DE=3:5,得到PT=﹣m,则点P(m,m﹣6),即可求解.【解答】解:(1)∵直线y=﹣x﹣6经过点A与点C,则点A、C的坐标分别为:(﹣6,0)、(0,﹣6),由题意得:,解得:,则抛物线的表达式为:y=x2+2x﹣6;(2)①如图1,C、F两点关于抛物线的对称轴对称,则CF∥x轴,当DF⊥CF时,则DF∥y轴,则∠PDF=∠E=∠OCB,则tan∠PDF=tan∠OCB=;②设点D(m,﹣m﹣6),如图2,∵PD∥BC,tan∠OCB=,则直线DP的表达式为:y=3(x﹣m)﹣m﹣6,过点D、P分别作y轴的垂线,垂足分别为点N、T,∵PD:DE=3:5,则ND:PT=DE:PE=5:8,即﹣m:PT=5:8,则PT=﹣m,则点P(m,m﹣6),将点P的坐标代入抛物线表达式得:m﹣6=(m)2+2(m)﹣6,解得:m=﹣,则点P(﹣3,﹣7.5).【点评】本题考查的是二次函数综合运用,涉及到解直角三角形、待定系数法求函数表达式、三角形相似等,综合性强,难度适中.25.(14分)已知△ABC中,∠ABC=2∠C,BG平分∠ABC,AB=8,AG=.点D、E 分别是边BC、AC上的点(点D不与点B、C重合),且∠ADE=∠ABC,AD、BG相交于点F.(1)求BC的长;(2)如图1,如果BF=2CE,求BF:GF的值;(3)如果△ADE是以AD为腰的等腰三角形,求BD长.【分析】(1)根据角平分线的定义以及∠ABC和∠C的关系,可以得出BG=CG,△ABG ∽△ACB,据此求出BC长即可;(2)根据△ABF与△DCE相似,可以求出BD和CD的长,过G作HG∥BC交AD于H,根据平行线分线段成比例及可求出BF:GF;(3)根据等腰三角形的性质和三角形外角的性质,可以得出△CDE也是等腰三角形,所以DE∥BG,然后根据平行线分线段成比例求解即可.【解答】解:(1)∵∠ABC=2∠C,BG平分∠ABC,∴∠ABG=∠BGC=∠C,∴BG=CG,又∵∠BAG=∠CAB,∴△ABG∽△ACB,∴==,∴AC===12,∴CG=AC﹣AG=,∴BC==10;(2)由(1)知,△ABG∽△CAB,∴∠AGB=∠ABC,∵∠ADE=∠ABC,∴∠AGB=∠ADE,∵∠FAG=∠DAE,∴∠AFG=∠AED,∵∠AFG+∠AFB=180°,∠AED+∠CED=180°,∴∠AFG=∠CED,又∵∠ABG=∠C,∴△ABF∽△DCE,∴==2,∴CD=4,∴BD=BC﹣CD=6,过G作HG∥BC交AD于H,如图:∴=,∴GH==,同理,==,∴BF:FG=;(3)∵AD=AE,∴∠ADE=∠AED=∠ABC=∠AGB,∴DE∥BG,∴∠AFG=∠ADE=∠AGF,∴AF=AG,∵∠ABC=2∠C,∴∠EDC=∠C,∴CE=DE,由(2)知,△ABF∽△CDE,∴AF=BF,∴GF=BG﹣BF=CG﹣AG=,∵DE∥BG,∴=,∴DE=CE=,同理,=,∴CD=,∴BD=.【点评】本题主要考查了相似三角形的判定与性质、平行线分线段成比例以及等腰三角形的判定与性质,属于综合题,正确判断相似条件是本题解题的关键。

2024届上海市长宁区高三一模化学试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区高三一模化学试卷(含答案)

2023. 12考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、考号。

3.作答必须按对应位置涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。

4.标注“不定项”的试题,每小题有1~2个符合条件的选项。

相对原子质量:O-16 Fe-56 H-1一、常见金属及其化合物的性质与应用(本题共 20分)金属种类繁多,性质各异,应用十分广泛。

1.(单选)将一小块金属钠分别放入下列溶液中,对应的现象正确的是A. 饱和NaOH 溶液:产生气体,恢复至室温后溶液的pH 增大B. 稀CuSO 4溶液:产生气体,有紫红色物质析出C. MgCl 2溶液:产生气体,生成白色沉淀D. NH 4NO 3溶液:产生无色无味气体2.(单选)少量Na 2O 2与H 2O 反应生成H 2O 2和NaOH 。

下列说法正确的是A. Na 2O 2的电子式为B. H 2O 的空间构型为直线形C. H 2O 2中O 元素的化合价为-1D. NaOH 仅含离子键3.(不定项选择)向某溶液中加入少量Na 2O 2后,原溶液中所含的下列离子浓度会显著改变的是A. NO 3- B. NH 4+ C. HCO 3- D. SO 32-在FeCl 3溶液蚀刻铜箔制造电路板的工艺中,废液处理和资源回收的过程简述如下:(己知:室温下K sp[Fe(OH)3]= 4. 0×10-38)I :向废液中投入过量铁屑,充分反应后分离出固体和滤液;II :向滤液中加入一定量石灰水,调节溶液pH ,同时鼓入足量的空气。

4.FeCl 3蚀刻铜箔反应的离子方程式为 :过程I 分离得到固体的主要成分是 。

2024届上海市长宁区高三一模化学试卷5.过程II 中发生反应的化学方程式为 ;过程II 中调节溶液的pH 为5,最终溶液中金属离子浓度为 。

(列式计算)6.有同学研究上述“过程II”方案后,设计了下列方案:向滤液中加入足量的NaOH 溶液使Fe 2+完全沉淀,过滤,小心加热沉淀直到水分蒸干,再灼烧到质量不再变化。

2024年上海长宁区初三二模语文试卷和答案

2024年上海长宁区初三二模语文试卷和答案

2024年上海市长宁区初三语文二模试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷共四大题,23小题。

2.请将所有答案做在答题卷的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。

一、古诗文(35分)(一)默写与运用(13分)1.山重水复疑无路,。

(陆游《游山西村》)金樽清酒斗十千,玉盘珍羞直万钱。

停杯投箸不能食,拔剑四顾心茫然。

欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。

闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。

行路难,行路难,多歧路,今安在?长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。

①你是不是一到冬天就恨不得把家里所有衣服都套身上?但这么层层套着穿好像也没怎么暖和。

为什么会这样呢?②我们的身体时刻都在产热,由于人体和外部环境的温差,我们也时刻在散热。

如果散热太快,产热速度跟不上,就会感到很冷,而如果几乎不散热或者散热速度慢,产生的热量都能积蓄在身体周围,自然就能暖暖的。

因此保暖的本质,就是减少人体本身热量向环境的散失,往身上包裹一些传导热量速度比较慢的东西。

那怎么看物质传递热量的速度呢?③我们可以看热导率(又叫“导热系数”)这个指标。

热导率是单位面积、长度的材料在单位温差下和单位时间内直接传导的热量。

简单来说,一种物质的热导率越低,它传递热量的速度就越慢,保温效果就越好。

目前世界上热导率最低的物质是静止的空气。

因此,对于一件既定的衣服而言,除了衣服材料的热导率要够低,还需要能在面料表面制造适当厚度且稳定的空气层,强强联合保温效果更佳。

④比如天然纤维——羽绒,绒朵呈现稳定的、立体的朵状结构,能黏附非常多的空气;绒朵上的绒丝呈现中空结构,能存储空气。

一朵一朵的绒朵结合起来,就成了一整个能大量存空气的立体结构。

也难怪目前在保暖这块,日常材料中还没谁能比得上羽绒。

⑤人造纤维也在通过优化纤维结构来储存更多空气。

比如棉服填充中常用的聚酯纤维(涤纶),就可以通过把纤维制成中空结构再制成絮片等方式来制造存空气的立体结构,从而提高衣物的保暖性。

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区六年级(上)期末数学试卷(含解析)

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区六年级(上)期末数学试卷(含解析)

2023-2024学年上海市长宁区六年级(上)期末数学试卷(五四学制)一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每题3分,满分18分)1.(3分)在正整数中,1是( )A.最小的奇数B.最小的偶数C.最小的素数D.最小的合数2.(3分)如果a和b都不为零,且3a=4b,那么下列比例中正确的是( )A.B.C.D.3.(3分)在销售某种商品时,每件售价从280元降低到180元,那么每件售价降低了百分之几?正确的列式是( )A.180÷280B.(280﹣180)÷280C.280÷180D.(280﹣180)÷1804.(3分)已知两个圆的直径长的比为9:4,那么这两个圆的周长的比是( )A.9:4B.3:2C.5:4D.81:165.(3分)甲、乙两个扇形的面积相等,如果扇形甲的弧长是扇形乙弧长的,那么扇形甲的半径长是扇形乙的半径长的( )A.3倍B.6倍C.9倍D.12倍6.(3分)如图,将长方形ABCD平均分成三个小长方形,再将三个小长方形平均分成2份、3份和n份,如果阴影部分面积是长方形ABCD面积的,那么n=( )A.6B.8C.16D.32二、填空题(本大题共14小题,每题2分,满分28分)7.(2分)12和32的最小公倍数是 .8.(2分)分解素因数:48= 9.(2分)在分数,,中,不能化成有限小数的分数是 .10.(2分)把1.66,167%,三个数用“<”连接,结果是 .11.(2分)求比值:0.25小时:25分钟= .12.(2分)有一幅比例尺为1:8000000的地图,图上量得4厘米的两地的实际距离为 千米.13.(2分)如果6是x和4的比例中项,那么x= .14.(2分)小明妈妈将10万元人民币存入银行,存期三年,年利率为2.6%,那么存款到期时小明妈妈可以拿到的利息是 元.15.(2分)抛掷一枚质地均匀的骰子,那么朝上一面的点数恰为合数的可能性大小是 .(用分数表示)16.(2分)直径长为6厘米的圆,它的面积是 平方厘米.(π取3.14)17.(2分)在一个由半圆和一条直径组成的半圆面图形中,如果直径长为10厘米,那么这个图形的周长为 厘米.(π取3.14)18.(2分)圆的半径长为5厘米,一个圆心角所对的弧长为6.28厘米,那么这个圆心角的度数为 度.(π取3.14)19.(2分)给出一种新规定:对于正整数n,规定(n)表示n的不同因数的个数.比如,5的不同因数是1和5,所以(5)=2,8的不同因数是1、2、4和8,所以(8)=4,等等.请你在理解这种新规定的基础上进行计算,那么(6)+(36)= .20.(2分)已知一个扇形的弧长恰好等于它所在圆的直径长,且它的周长等于16.在这个扇形内,以它所在圆的圆心为圆心,所在圆半径长的一半为半径画弧,保持圆心角大小不变,得到一个小扇形,那么这个小扇形的面积为 .三、计算题(本大题共5小题,每题5分,满分25分)21.(5分)计算:.22.(5分)计算:.23.(5分)计算:.24.(5分)已知,求x的值.25.(5分)已知:50%,a:c=1.2:1,求a:b:c.(结果写成最简整数比)四、简答题(本大题共5小题,满分29分)26.(5分)将20本相同厚度的书叠起来,它们的高度为50厘米.如果将这样相同厚度的书继续叠放,当叠起来的高度达到75厘米时,还需要叠放多少本书?27.(6分)小明打一份稿件,上午打了这份稿件总字数的,下午打的字数是上午打的字数的125%,这时一共打了1350个字,那么小明还要打多少个字才能打完这份稿件?28.(7分)某校在开展“课后服务”活动中,为六年级学生开设了多种活动.六年级学生积极参与,每位学生都自愿参加并且只参加了其中的一项,具体情况由扇形统计图所示.已知有27位学生参加了“科创活动”,18位学生参加了“其它活动”,请根据扇形统计图回答下列问题:(1)该校六年级共有学生 人.(2)表示参加“其它活动”的扇形的圆心角度数为 度.(3)参加“艺术活动”和“影视活动”的人比参加“体育活动”的人多百分之几?29.(7分)某商店以每双300元的价格购进100双皮鞋,再以每双盈利50%的价格进行销售.当卖掉60双后出现滞销,此时商店为回笼资金,尽快卖完这批皮鞋,决定打折降价销售剩余皮鞋.当全部售完后发现这批皮鞋的盈利率为20%.求:(1)打折前每双皮鞋的售价.(2)打折降价销售时,每双皮鞋的售价打了几折?30.(4分)如图,三角形ABC的三条边长都是4厘米,分别以线段AB、BC、CA的中点D、E、F为圆心,2厘米为半径画半圆,求阴影部分的周长和面积.(计算结果保留π)2023-2024学年上海市长宁区六年级(上)期末数学试卷(五四学制)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每题3分,满分18分)1.【分析】能被2整除的数为偶数,不能被2整除的数为奇数,由此可知,在正整数中,1是最小的奇数;除了1和它本身外没有别的因数的数叫质数(素数),除了1和它本身外还有别的因数的数叫合数,据此可知,1既不是最小的质数,也不是最小的合数.【解答】解:根据偶数与奇数,质数与合数的定义可知,在正整数中,1是最小的奇数.故选:A.【点评】本题主要考查了有理数的众数,在自然数中,最小的偶数为零,最小的质数为2,最小的合数为4.2.【分析】根据逆用比例的基本性质,将乘积式化成比例式,逐个判定即可.【解答】解:A、∵3a=4b,∴,故此选项错误,不符合题意;B、∵3a=4b,∴,故此选项正确,符合题意;C、∵3a=4b,∴,故此选项错误,不符合题意;D、∵3a=4b,∴,故此选项错误,不符合题意;故选:B.【点评】本题考查比例的基本性质,熟练掌握根据比例的基本性质,将乘积式化成比例式是解题的关键.3.【分析】根据题意进行列式即可.【解答】解:由题可知,列式为:(280﹣180)÷280.故选:B.【点评】本题考查百分数的应用,能够理解题意是解题的关键.4.【分析】用直径d表示出两个圆的周长,再将式子进行相比,即可得到答案.【解答】解:∵d1:d2=9:4,∴πd1:πd2=d1:d2=9:4,故选:A.【点评】本题考查了圆的周长,解题的关键是掌握圆的周长和比例的计算.5.【分析】设扇形乙的弧长为x,则扇形甲的弧长为x,根据扇形面积的计算方法计算扇形甲、扇形乙的面积,根据面积相等即可得出半径之间的关系即可.【解答】解:设扇形乙的弧长为x,则扇形甲的弧长为x,由于甲、乙两个扇形的面积相等,所以×x×R甲=x×R乙,即R甲=9R乙,故选:C.【点评】本题考查扇形面积的计算,掌握扇形面积的计算方法是正确解答的关键.6.【分析】把长方形ABCD看作整体“1”,每个小长方形就是;再求出每个小长方形中阴影部分是多少;最后用分数除法求出结果.【解答】解:每个小长方形:1÷3=,第一行阴影部分:,第二行阴影部分:,第三行阴影部分:=,第三行一份阴影部分:=,∴n==8,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了分数除法的应用,解题的关键是运用分数的意义来解答.二、填空题(本大题共14小题,每题2分,满分28分)7.【分析】根据最小公倍数的概念求解即可.【解答】解:12=2×2×3,32=2×2×2×2×2,∴12和32的最小公倍数是2×2×2×2×2×3=96.故答案为:96.【点评】本题考查了有理数的乘法及最小公倍数的概念,解题的关键是熟练掌握最小公倍数的概念.8.【分析】根据素因数的概念和有理数的乘法法则计算可得.【解答】解:48=2×2×2×2×3,故答案为:2×2×2×2×3.【点评】本题主要考查质因数分解,解题的关键是掌握素因数的概念和有理数的乘法法则.9.【分析】根据一个最简分数,如果分母中除了2与5以外,不再含其它的质因数,这个分数就能化成有限小数,反之则不能.据此进行解题即可.【解答】解:1分母中只含有质因数2,所以可以化成有限小数;分母中只含有质因数5,所以可以化成有限小数;=分母中含有质因数3,所以不可以化成有限小数,=分母中含有质因数2,所以可以化成有限小数,则不能化成有限小数的分数是.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查小数的互化,掌握小数的互化方法是解题的关键.10.【分析】把百分数和负数化为小数,再比较大小即可.【解答】解:167%=1.67,,∴1.66<<167%.故答案为:1.66<<167%.【点评】本题考查了有理数的大小比较,熟练掌握有理数大小比较的方法是解答本题的关键.11.【分析】根据1小时=60分钟,先将单位化成统一单位再进行计算即可.【解答】解:0.25小时=15分钟,0.25小时:25分钟=15分钟:25分钟=3:5=.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查化简比,掌握单位之间的换算是解题的关键.12.【分析】根据实际距离=图上距离÷比例尺,进行解答即可.【解答】解:4÷=32000000(厘米)=320(千米),故答案为:320.【点评】本题考查了比例尺,解题的关键是根据等量关系式来解答.13.【分析】根据比例中项的定义列式即可.【解答】解:∵6是x和4的比例中项,∴4x=62,解得x=9.故答案为:9.【点评】本题考查了比例线段,熟记比例中项的定义是解题的关键.14.【分析】根据题意进行列式计算即可.【解答】解:由题可知,10万元=100000元,100000×2.6%×3=7800(元),则存款到期时小明妈妈可以拿到的利息7800元,故答案为:7800.【点评】本题考查百分数的应用,能够根据题意列式是解题的关键.15.【分析】由骰子的六个面上分别刻有1到6的点数,朝上一面的点数是奇数的有3个,利用概率公式直接求解即可求得答案.【解答】解:∵骰子的六个面上分别刻有1到6的点数,朝上一面的点数是合数的有4和6两个数,∴掷得朝上一面的点数是奇数的概率为:=.故答案为:.【点评】此题考查了概率公式的应用.注意掌握概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.16.【分析】根据圆的面积公式计算即可.【解答】解:圆的面积为:3.14×()2=3.14×9=28.26(平方厘米).故答案为:28.26.【点评】本题考查圆的面积,掌握圆的面积公式是解题的关键.17.【分析】根据圆的周长公式进行列式计算.【解答】解:这个图形的周长为3.14×10÷2+10=25.7(厘米).故答案为:25.7.【点评】本题考查圆的周长,熟练掌握圆的周长公式是解题的关键.18.【分析】根据弧长公式计算,即可得出答案.【解答】解:设这个圆心角的度数为n度,由题意得=6.28,解得:n=72°.故答案为:72.【点评】本题考查了弧长的计算,掌握弧长的计算方法是解题的关键.19.【分析】先求出6和36的不同因数和个数,然后根据新定义进行计算即可.【解答】解:∵6的因数有1,2,3,6,共4个,36的因数有1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36,共9个,∴(6)+(36)=4+9=13,故答案为:13.【点评】本题主要考查了实数的有关运算和新定义,解题关键是理解新定义的含义.20.【分析】如果一个扇形的弧长等于它所在圆的半径,那么此扇形叫做“完美扇形”.已知某个“完美扇形”的周长等于6,那么这个扇形的面积等于【解答】解:∵一个扇形的弧长恰好等于它所在圆的直径长,且它的周长等于16,∴设所在圆的半径长为x,∴2x+2x=16,解得x=4,∴扇形所在圆的半径长为4,扇形的弧长为8,设扇形的圆心角为n°,∴×4×8=,解得n=,∴这个小扇形的面积为=4,故答案为:4.【点评】本题考查了扇形的面积,熟练掌握扇形面积公式是解题的关键.三、计算题(本大题共5小题,每题5分,满分25分)21.【分析】按照有理数的加减混合运算法则即可求出正确答案.【解答】解:==5﹣2=3,故答案为3.【点评】本题考查了有理数的加减混合运算法则,较为简单.22.【分析】把带分数化成假分数,除法化成乘法,然后按照多个数相乘法则进行计算即可.【解答】解:原式==1.【点评】本题主要考查了有理数的乘除运算,解题关键是熟练掌握有理数的乘除法则.23.【分析】先算出小括号的结果,再用乘法分配律进行简便计算.【解答】解:=2.35×+2.35×=2.35×=2.35×5=11.75.【点评】本题考查了百分数、分数和小数的运算,解题的关键是运用乘法分配律进行简便计算.24.【分析】利用比例的基本性质(两个外项的积等于两个内项的积)进行解比例.【解答】解:1.2x =15×1.5x =22.5÷1.2x =18.75.【点评】本题考查了解比例,解题的关键是运用比例的基本性质进行解比例.25.【分析】分别将a :b 与a :c 化成最简整数比,再根据比例的基本性质求出a :b :c 即可.【解答】解:a :b =:50%=:=4:3=12:9,a :c =1.2:1=12:10,则a :b :c =12:9:10.【点评】本题考查比例的基本性质和最简整数比,掌握比例的基本性质是解题的关键.四、简答题(本大题共5小题,满分29分)26.【分析】根据题意可以列出算式(75﹣50)÷(50÷20),然后计算即可.【解答】解:由题意可得,(75﹣50)÷(50÷20)=25÷2.5=10(本),答:还需要叠放10本书.【点评】本题考查有理数的混合运算,熟练掌握运算法则是解答本题的关键.27.【分析】先根据题意求出下午打字的占比,再根据题意求出总字数,最后进行列式计算即可.【解答】解:由题可知,1350÷(+×125%)=1350=3000(个),3000﹣1350=1650(个),答:小明还要打1650个字才能打完这份稿件.【点评】本题考查百分数的应用和分数混合运算的应用,能够根据题意找出等量关系是解题的关键.28.【分析】(1)由科创活动的人数及其所占百分比可得总人数;(2)用360°乘以其他活动人数占总人数的比例即可;(3)用艺术活动和影视活动人数和与体育活动的人数的差除以参加体育活动的人数即可得出答案.【解答】解:(1)该校六年级共有学生27÷15%=180(人),故答案为:180;(2)表示参加“其它活动”的扇形的圆心角度数为360°×=18°,故答案为:18;(3)参加艺术活动人数为180×=45(人),参加体育活动的人数为180×=60(人),则参加影视活动的人数为180﹣(60+27+18+45)=30(人),所以参加“艺术活动”和“影视活动”的人比参加“体育活动”的人多×100%=25%.【点评】本题考查条形统计图、扇形统计图,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用数形结合的思想解答.29.【分析】(1)根据利润率=进价÷(售价﹣进价)进行列式计算即可;(2)先根据题意求出不打折的情况下总盈利,再计算出前60双的利润,最后根据题意进行列式计算即可.【解答】解:(1)打折前每双皮鞋的售价为:300+300×50%=300+150=450(元),答:打折前每双皮鞋的售价为450元;(2)总盈利为:100×300×20%=30000×20%=6000(元),前60双的利润为:60×300×50%=18000×50%=9000(元),300﹣(9000﹣6000)÷40=300﹣3000÷40=225(元),225÷[300×(1+50%)]=225÷450=50%=5折.答:打折降价销售时,每双皮鞋的售价打了5折.【点评】本题考查百分数的应用,能够理解题意,找出等量关系是解题的关键.30.【分析】根据正三角形以及圆的对称性可将阴影部分的周长转化为弧长的9倍,阴影部分的面积是扇形FAD面积的3倍,再按照弧长公式,扇形面积公式进行计算即可.【解答】解:如图,连接DE、DE、EF,由题意可知,阴影部分的周长相当于弧长的9倍,即×9=6π(cm),阴影部分的面积相当于扇形FAD面积的3倍,即×3=8π(cm2).答:阴影部分的周长为6πcm,面积为8πcm2.【点评】本题考查扇形面积的计算,弧长的计算,掌握扇形面积、弧长的计算方法是正确解答的关键.。

2024届上海市长宁区初三一模化学试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区初三一模化学试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区初三一模化学试卷相对原子质量:H-1 O-16 C-12五、选择题(共20分)21~34每题均只有1个正确选项,每题1分。

21.镁基材料固态储氢具有储量大、安全等优点。

这里的“镁”指的是A.元素B.原子C.分子D.物质22.元素符号书写正确的是A.Cl B.CL C.LC D.lc23.CaO中钙元素的化合价是A.+1B.+2C.+3D.+424.二氧化硫的化学式书写正确的是A.SO2B.SiO2C.2OS D.O2S25.能表示为2个氧原子的是A.O2B.2O2C.O2D.2O26.全部由原子团构成的物质是A.Ca(OH)2B.Na2CO3C.NH4Cl D.NH4NO3 27.属于氧化物的是A.空气B.氧气C.蒸馏水D.氢氧化钙28.在水的净化过程中,通入氯气的作用是A.去除难溶性杂质B.去除可溶性杂质C.去除微小悬浮物D.杀灭细菌29.红氧(化学式为O8)是由氧元素组成的单质,与红氧互为同素异形体的是A.金刚石B.石墨C.氧气D.白磷30.活性炭可用于除甲醛的原因是A.活性炭可以吸收甲醛生成新的物质B.活性炭中有很多小孔可以吸附甲醛C.活性炭可以使甲醛由气态变为液态D.活性炭可以氧化甲醛为二氧化碳31.将pH=4的酸雨放置一段时间后,酸性会增强,此时溶液的pH可能为A.3B.5C.7D.932.关于氢气说法正确的是A.摩尔质量为2B.氢元素以化合态存在C.燃烧生成水,可作绿色能源D.点燃就会发出爆鸣声33.光催化分解水可制氢气,反应如图1所示,该反应属于A.化合反应B.分解反应C.物质的三态变化D.水分子形状变化34.实验室可用启普发生器制备二氧化碳,其原理书写正确的是A.2CO+O22CO2B.2CaCO3(粉末状)+4HCl(稀)===2CaCl2+2H2O+2CO2↑C.CaCO3(块状)+2HCl(稀)===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑D.CaCO3(粉末状)+H2SO4 (稀)==CaSO4+H2O+CO2↑35~37每题均有1~2个正确选项。

2024年上海市长宁区中考物理二模试卷及答案解析

2024年上海市长宁区中考物理二模试卷及答案解析

2024年上海市长宁区中考物理二模试卷一、选择题(本大题共6题,共12分。

每题只有一个正确选项)1.(2分)在原子中带负电的是()A.电子B.质子C.中子D.原子核2.(2分)我们能分辨出不同老师讲话的声音,依据的是声音的()A.响度B.音色C.音调D.振幅3.(2分)下列选项中,最先发现电流磁效应的科学家是()A.牛顿B.阿基米德C.瓦特D.奥斯特4.(2分)一束光线从水中入射到空气中,若折射角为30°,则入射角可能约为()A.0°B.20°C.30°D.40°5.(2分)将物体放在凸透镜前20厘米处,在凸透镜另一侧的光屏上成倒立放大的像,当物体移动到距凸透镜50厘米处,则通过凸透镜成()A.倒立放大的实像B.倒立等犬的实像C.倒立缩小的实像D.正立放大的虚像6.(2分)甲、乙两车从P点出发,沿着P指向Q的方向做匀速直线运动,乙车比甲车早出发2秒,它们的s﹣t图像分别如图(a)(b)所示。

甲车经过Q点时,乙车和Q点相距2米,P、Q两点的距离可能为()A.6米或32米B.8米或32米C.6米或36米D.8米或36米二、填空题(本大题共7题,共23分)7.(3分)一节新干电池的电压为伏。

家庭电路中,用表测量用电器消耗的电能。

如图所示,拉动注射器的活塞能将药液吸入针筒是利用了的作用。

8.(3分)如图所示,踢毽子是传统民俗体育活动之一、毽子被踢向空中,说明力可以改变物体的,在上升过程中,毽子受到重力的方向是;在下落过程中,毽子的重力势能(选填“增大”“不变”或“减小”)。

9.(3分)如图所示,用竖直向上的力F匀速提升重20牛的物体A。

不计滑轮和绳的重力及摩擦,则力F 的大小为牛;若将连接物体A的绳剪断,物体A在下落过程中受到空气阻力的大小为1牛,方向竖直向上,则物体A受到合力的大小为牛。

质量为5千克的水,温度降低20℃,水放=4.2×103J/(kg•℃)]出的热量为焦。

2024届上海长宁区高三一模数学试卷和答案

2024届上海长宁区高三一模数学试卷和答案

2023-2024学年上海长宁区第一学期教学质量调研试卷高三数学考生注意:1.答题前,务必在答题纸上将姓名、学校、班级等信息填写清楚,并贴好条形码.2.解答试卷必须在答题纸规定的相应位置书写,超出答题纸规定位置或写在试卷、草稿纸上的答案一律不予评分.3.本试卷共有21道试题,满分150分,考试时间120分钟.一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分)考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1.已知集合(],4A =-∞,{}1,3,5,7B =,则A B = .2.复数z 满足11iz =-(i 为虚数单位),则z =.3.不等式11x>的解集为.4.设向量()1,2a =- ,()1,b m =- ,若//a b,则m =.5.将4个人排成一排,若甲和乙必须排在一起,则共有种不同排法.6.物体位移s 和时间t 满足函数关系()21005020s t t t =-<<,则当2t =时,物体的瞬时速度为.7.现利用随机数表法从编号为00,01,02,⋯,18,19的20支水笔中随机选取6支,选取方法是从下列随机数表第1行的第9个数字开始由左到右依次选取两个数字,则选出来的第6支水笔的编号为.9522600049840128661751683968292743772366270966239258095643890890064828345974145829778149646089258.在有声世界,声强级是表示声强度相对大小的指标.其值y (单位:dB )定义为010lgI y I =.其中I 为声场中某点的声强度,其单位为2/W m ,12010I -=2/W m 为基准值.若210/I W m =,则其相应的声强级为dB .9.若向量()1,0,2a = ,()0,1,1b =- ,则a 在b方向上的投影向量为_______.10.若“存在0x >,使得210x ax ++<”是假命题,则实数a 的取值范围.11.若函数()sin cos f x x a x =+在27,36ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上是严格单调函数,则实数a 的取值范围为.12.设()()2log 0f x x ax b a =++>,记函数()y f x =在区间[](),10t t t +>上的最大值为(),t M a b ,若对任意b ∈R ,都有(),1t M a b a ≥+,则实数t 的最大值为.二、选择题(本大题共有4题,满分18分,第13、14题每题4分,第15、16题每题5分)每题有且只有一个正确选项.考生应在答题纸的相应位置,将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13.下列函数中既是奇函数又是增函数的是().A.()2f x x =;B.()2f x x =;C.()ln f x x =;D.()x f x e =.14.“()()()P A B P A P B = ”是“事件A 与事件B 互相独立”().A .充分不必要条件;B .必要不充分条件;C .充要条件;D .既不充分也不必要条件.15.设点P 是以原点为圆心的单位圆上的动点,它从初始位置()01,0P 出发,沿单位圆按逆时针方向转动角02παα⎛⎫<< ⎪⎝⎭后到达点1P ,然后继续沿单位圆按逆时针方向转动角4π到达2P .若点2P 的横坐标为35-,则点1P 的纵坐标().A ;B ;CD 16.豆腐发酵后表面长出一层白绒绒的长毛就成了毛豆腐.将三角形豆腐ABC 悬空挂在发酵空间内,记发酵后毛豆腐所构成的几何体为T .若忽略三角形豆腐ABC 的厚度,设3AB =,4BC =,5AC =,点P 在△ABC 内部.假设对于任意点P ,满足1PQ ≤的点Q 都在T 内,且对于T 内任意一点Q ,都存在点P ,满足1PQ ≤,则T 的体积为().A.127π+;B.22π123+; C.147π+;D.22π143+.三、解答题(本大题共有5题,满分78分)解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分).已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,公差2d =.(1)若10100S =,求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)从集合{}123456,,,,,a a a a a a 中任取3个元素,记这3个元素能成等差数列为事件A ,求事件A 发生的概率()P A .18.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分).=,O为BD的中点.如图,在三棱锥A BCD-中,平面ABD⊥平面BCD,AB AD(1)求证:AO CD⊥;(2)若BD DC=,求异面直线BC与AD所成的角的大小.=,AO BO⊥,BD DC19.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分).汽车转弯时遵循阿克曼转向几何原理,即转向时所有车轮中垂线交于一点,该点称为转向中心.如图1,某汽车四轮中心分别为A、B、C、D,向左转向,左前轮转向角为α,右前轮转向角为β,转向中心为O.设该汽车左右轮距AB为w米,前后轴距AD为l米.(1)试用w、l和α表示tanβ;(2)如图2,有一直角弯道,M为内直角顶点,EF为上路边,路宽均为3.5米,汽车行驶其中,左轮A、D与路边FS相距2米.试依据如下假设,对问题*做出判断,并说明理由.假设:①转向过程中,左前轮转向角α的值始终为30︒;②设转向中心O到路边EF的距离为d,若OB dl=.<且OM ODw=, 2.680<,则汽车可以通过,否则不能通过;③ 1.570问题*:可否选择恰当转向位置,使得汽车通过这一弯道?图1图220.(本题满分18分,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分).已知椭圆22142x y Γ+=:,1F 、2F 为Γ的左、右焦点,点A 在Γ上,直线l 与圆22:2C x y +=相切.(1)求△12AF F 的周长;(2)若直线l 经过Γ的右顶点,求直线l 的方程;(3)设点D 在直线2y =上,O 为原点,若OA OD ⊥,求证:直线AD 与圆C 相切.21.(本题满分18分,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分).若函数()y f x =与()y g x =满足:对任意12,R x x ∈,都有()()()()1212f x f x g x g x -≥-,则称函数()y f x =是函数()y g x =的“约束函数”.已知函数()y f x =是函数()y g x =的“约束函数”.(1)若()2f x x =,判断函数()y g x =的奇偶性,并说明理由;(2)若()()30f x ax x a =+>,()sin g x x =,求实数a 的取值范围;(3)若()y g x =为严格减函数,()()01f f <,且函数()y f x =的图像是连续曲线,求证:()y f x =是()0,1上的严格增函数.参考答案和评分标准一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分)考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1.{}1,3;2.;3.()0,1;4.2;5.12;6.80;7.14;8.130;9.()0,1,1-;10.[)2,-+∞;11.⎡⎢⎣;12.13.11解:()cos sin f x x a x '=-,因为()0f π'<,所以()y f x =在27,36ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上是严格减函数,当27,36x ππ⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭时,cos sin 0x a x -<恒成立,所以1tan 0a x ->在27,36ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上恒成立,因为我tan 3x ⎛∈ ⎝是,所以a ≤≤12解:设2log u x ax b =++,因为[],1x t t ∈+,所以()()22log log 11t at b u t a t b ++≤≤++++所以()()(){}22,max log ,log 11t M a b t at b t a t b=++++++()()()()()()()()2222log 11loglog 11log 2t a t b t at b t a t b t at b ++++++++++++-++=()()()()()2222log 11loglog 1log 212t a t b t at b t t aa ++++-+++-+≥=≥+得103t <≤二、选择题(本大题共有4题,满分18分,第13、14题每题4分,第15、16题每题5分)每题有且只有一个正确选项.考生应在答题纸的相应位置,将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13.A ;14.C ;15.D ;16.B16解:该几何体由一下几部分组成:一个底面与ABC 平行高为2的三棱柱;底面为半径为1的半圆,高分别3、4、5的三个圆柱;一个半径为1的球.所以该几何体的体积为()4226234512233πππ⨯++++=+三、解答题(本大题共有5题,满分78分)解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分).已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,公差2d =.(1)若10100S =,求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)从集合{}123456,,,,,a a a a a a 中任取3个元素,记这3个元素能成等差数列为事件A ,求事件A 发生的概率()P A .解:(1)因为()1112n S na n n d =+-,所以1011090100S a =+=,……..2分得11a =,…….4分所以()1121n a a n d n =+-=-.…….6分(2)随机实验样本空间中样本点的个数为3620C =,……..3分事件A 所含样本点分两类,公差为d 的有4个,公差为2d 的有2个,……..6分所以事件A 发生的概率()632010P A ==.…….8分18.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分).如图,在三棱锥A BCD -中,平面ABD ⊥平面BCD ,AB AD =,O 为BD 的中点.(1)求证:AO CD ⊥;(2)若BD DC ⊥,BD DC =,AO BO =,求异面直线BC 与AD 所成的角的大小.(1)证明:因为AB AD =,O 为BD 的中点,所以AO DB ⊥,…….2分因为平面ABD ⊥平面BCD ,所以AO ⊥平面BCD ,…….4分因为CD ⊂平面BCD ,所以AH CD ⊥.…….6分(2)由(1)知AO ⊥平面BCD ,作//OE CD ,因为CD BD ⊥,所以OE BD ⊥,进而可以OE 、OD 、OA分别为x 轴、y 轴和z 轴正方向,建立坐标系,…..3分因为AO BO =,BD DC =,所以可设()0,0,A a ,()0,,0B a -,()0,,0D a ,()2,,0C a a ,…..6分因为()2,2,0BC a a = ,()0,,AD a a =-设异面直线BC 与AD 所成的角为θ,则12121cos 2n n n n θ⋅== ,所以60θ=︒……8分19.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分).汽车转弯时遵循阿克曼转向几何原理,即转向时所有车轮中垂线交于一点,该点称为转向中心.如图,某汽车四轮中心分别为A 、B 、C 、D ,向左转向,左前轮转向角为α,前右轮转向角为β,转向中心为O.设该汽车左右轮距AB 为w 米,前后轴距AD 为l 米.(1)试用w 、l 和α表示tan β;(2)如图2,有一直角弯道,M 为内直角顶点,EF 为上路边,路宽均为3.5米,汽车行驶其中,左轮A 、D 与路边FS 相距2米.试依据如下假设,对问题*做出判断,并说明理由.假设:①转向过程中,左前轮转向角α的值始终为30︒;②设转向中心O 到路边EF 的距离为d ,若OB d <且OM OD <,则汽车可以通过,否则不能通过;③ 1.570w =, 2.680l =.问题*:可否选择恰当转向位置,使得汽车通过这一弯道?解:(1)由已知AOD α∠=,tan BOC β∠=,…….2分所以tan l OD α=,tan lOC w α=+,……..4分进而tan tan llw βα=+.……..6分(2)以EF 和FS 分别为x 轴和y 轴建立坐标系,则()3.5, 3.5M --. 4.642tan lOD α===,6.766OB ==,……..2分设(),O a b ()0,0a b<<,2 6.642a =-=-,d b =-,OM ==,……..4分由OM OD <,得()29.872 3.521.548b ++<,进而 6.9170.83b -<<-,由OB d <,得 6.766b <-,…….6分所以当 6.917 6.765b -<<时,OB d <且OM OD <,此时汽车可以通过弯道.答:选择恰当转向位置,汽车可以通过弯道.…….8分20.(本题满分18分,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分).已知椭圆22142x y Γ+=:,1F 、2F 为Γ的左、右焦点,点A 在Γ上,直线l 与圆22:2C x y +=相切.(1)求△12AF F 的周长;(2)若直线l 经过Γ的右顶点,求直线l 的方程;(3)设点D 在直线2y =上,O 为原点,若OA OD ⊥,求证:直线AD 与圆C 相切.解:(1)设椭圆Γ的聚焦为2c ,长轴长为2a ,短轴长为2b ,则24a =,22b =,所以22c =,……..2分所以1224AF AF a +==,122F F c ==得△12AF F的周长为4+.……..4分(2)椭圆Γ的右顶点为()2,0,所以可设直线l 的方程为()2y k x =-,……..2分因为圆222x y +=与直线l 相切,=,……..4分解得22k =±,直线l 的方程为()222y x =±-.…….6分(3)设()00,A x y ,(),2D m ,因为OA OD ⊥,所以0020mx y +=,…….2分当0m x =时,20020x y +=,由2200142x y +=,得01y =-,0x =直线AD方程为x =,与圆22:2C x y +=相切,…….4分当0m x ≠时,直线AD 的方程为()0000002222y y x my y x m x x m x m x m---=-+=+---则原点O 到直线AD 的距离为d =,…….6分因为002y m x =-,2200142x y +=,所以2216844422202040020202020200200=+++=++++=x x x x x x y y x x y x d .此时直线AD 与圆22:2C x y +=相切.……8分21.(本题满分18分,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分).若函数()y f x =与()y g x =满足:对任意12,R x x ∈,都有()()()()1212f x f x g x g x -≥-,则称函数()y f x =是函数()y g x =的“约束函数”.已知函数()y f x =是函数()y g x =的“约束函数”.(1)若()2f x x =,判断函数()y g x =的奇偶性,并说明理由;(2)若()()30f x ax x a =+>,()sin g x x =,求实数a 的取值范围;(3)若()y g x =为严格减函数,()()01f f <,且函数()y f x =的图像是连续曲线,求证:()y f x =是()0,1上的严格增函数.证明:(1)函数()y g x =为偶函数.……2分因为对任意R x ∈,都有()()()()f x f x g x g x --≥--,所以()()()220g x g x x x --≤--=,得()()g x g x -=,所以()y g x =为偶函数.………4分(2)解:设12x x <因为()y f x =是R 上的严格增函数,所以()()12f x f x <,进而()()()()1221g x g x f x f x -≤-,所以()()()()1122f x g x f x g x +≤+,()()()()1122f x g x f x g x -≤-,设()()()u x f x g x =+,()()()v x f x g x =-,则()y u x =与()y v x =均为R 上的严格增函数,…….3分()23cos 0u x a x x '=++≥,()23cos 0v x a x x '=+-≥恒成立因为230x ≥,cos 1x -≥-,所以23cos 1a x x a +-≥-,得1a ≥,当1a ≥时,()23cos 0u x a x x '=++≥恒成立,所以1a ≥.………..6分(3)设12x x <,因为()y g x =是严格减函数,所以()()12g x g x >,而()()()()2112f x f x g x g x -≥-,所以()()120f x f x ->所以对任意12x x <,都有()()12f x f x ≠(*)……2分①首先证明,当01x <<时,()()()01f f x f <<,假设存在001x <<,且()()01f f x <,设()()()1h x f x f =-,则()00h <,()00h x >,所以存在()300,x x ∈,使得()30h x =,得()()31f x f =,与结论*矛盾,所以不存在001x <<,使得()()01f f x <同理也不存在001x <<,使得()()00f x f <,所以当01x <<时,()()()01f f x f <<.……5分②再证明,当1201x x <<<时,()()12f x f x <,假设存在1201x x <<<,使得()()12f x f x >,则()()()()2101f f x f x f <<<设()()()2h x f x f x =-,则()00h <,()10h x >,所以存在()300,x x ∈,使得()30h x =,得()()32f x f x =,与结论*矛盾,所以假设不成立,即对任意()12,0,1x x ∈,都有()()12f x f x <所以函数()y f x =是区间()0,1上的增函数……8分。

2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Teacher and student. B. IT engineer and customer. C. Colleagues. D. Husband and wife.2. A. $115. B. $20. C. $95. D. $80.3. A. Continue the STEM class. B. Consult her son’s STEM teacher.C. Take a more useful class.D. Persuade his son to give up the STEM class.4. A. Take the woman to the station. B. Take care of his own things.C. Find out when the next bus leaves.D. Show the woman the way to the station.5. A. He was good at tidying up garages. B. He helped James to build up the garage.C. James felt bad to have helped him with it.D. James helped him with some of the tidying.6. A. He thinks that time is very limited. B. He has difficulty reading so many pages.C. He can’t get access to the assigned book.D. He refuses to read the assigned book.7. A. She had meant to attend the 19th Asian Games.B. She did watch the opening ceremony on TV.C. She regretted missing the opening ceremony.D. She should have asked her classmate to call her earlier.8. A. She is doing research with Professor Adams.B. She is assisting Professor Adams with his teaching.C. She is looking for an assistant for Professor Adams.D. She is going to be Professor Adams’ research assistant.9. A. The working hours make it impossible for her to refuse.B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.D. She refused the position because of the low salary.10. A. They find it hard to collect books for the children.B. They have called all club members to contribute.C. They are satisfied with the result of their work.D. They seem disappointed with what they have done.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Explaining why greyhounds are aggressive. B. Making people know more about greyhounds.C. Telling people to stay away from greyhounds.D. Describing greyhounds of different colors.12. A. They are so big in size. B. They can live a very long life.C. They can run races at any time.D. They are quiet and easy to look after.13. A. To visit vets regularly. B. To keep it warm.C. To take care of its legs.D. To keep it slim.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The ever-rising childcare prices. B. The balance between work and family.C. The budget of family expenses.D. The selection of a good daycare center.15. A. The prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B. Increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C. Childcare workers’ pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D. There is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.16. A. Caregivers should receive regular professional training.B. Less strict rules about childcare might lower the costs.C. It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.D. It is better for different states to learn from each other.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To get a driver’s license. B. To refresh his driving skills.C. To review his driving knowledge.D. To test his driving skills.18. A. In an open parking lot. B. In the neighborhood.C. In the car for a driving test.D. In an examination room.19. A. He almost hit a pedestrian. B. He didn’t signal his turn.C. He drove faster than he was allowed.D. All of the above mistakes.20. A. Come on Friday or Monday next time. B. Have more practice.C. Take the test with another officer.D. Get his car checked.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Even Very Young Children Can Be Depressed If you doubted it, I would introduce you to Susan, who came to my office and talked constantly about her “bad feeling.” Susan 21 (lose) interest in her favorite activities, stopped playing with her friends, and told her parents that she wanted to be dead. She’d spent more time in the school nurse’s office than in her classroom.Susan was six years old and 22 (suffer) from depression. Proper treatment helped Susan recover. Without it, she might still be an unhappy child, alone and in pain.The risk for depression does tend to increase as we grow older. Depression in young children is rare but real. Rene Spitz, a 23 (note) psychological researcher, found that infants who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II refused to eat and eventually died 24 they weren’t held by their caretakers. Children have an innate need 25 (hold) and comforted. If those needs aren’t met, then even very young children can fail to thrive and may become sick and die.Approximately 1% of preschoolers experience depression; they often have great difficulty expressing their feelings, because not all of their language skills 26 (develop) sufficiently. Instead of expressing their feelings in language, the depressed preschool children are likely to show emotions by exhibiting significantly aggressive, fearful, or crying behavior. 27 most preschool children may get angry if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid 28 their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys, these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children.Although a diagnosis of clinical depression is rare in preschool children, there are times when it is appropriate. In most cases, the child who 29 (experience) significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent, has witnessed or been victims of violence, or has had a significant health problem 30 has interrupted normal emotional or physical development. I find preschool children to be more resilient (适应力强的) than older children in dealing with these events, as long as they have a supportive parent and receive timely treatment.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. objectedB. choicesC. inequalityD.E. paidF. respondcombinationG. personality H. fade I. reduce J. inherited K.environmentalWhat makes us happy?You probably know the type of personality in some people: they seem to be hopeful in almost everything. Are they simply born happy? Is it the product of their environment? Or does it come from their life decisions?If you are familiar with genetics research, you will have guessed that it is a 31 of all three. A 2018 study of 1516 Norwegian twins suggests that around 30% of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is 32 . Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%, so 33 factors clearly play a role in our happiness. These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income. It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of 34 predicts happiness better than GDP.Interestingly, many important life 35 have only a little influence on our happiness. Consider marriage. A 2019 study found that, on average, life satisfaction does rise after the wedding, but the feeling of happiness tends to 36 over middle age.Parenthood is even more complex. For decades, social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without. More recent research, however, suggests that there are important regional differences.Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 37 parentalleave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave, which together 38 the potential for work-family conflict. The effects of these policies may play out across generations. In addition to the legacy of their genes, parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape the39 of their children.Our life satisfaction, then, is shaped by our genes, health, economic prospects, relationships and the culture around us. While many of these things may be beyond your control, there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to 40 to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Amazon is warming three times faster than the global average It is perhaps the most ironic symbol of the life on our planet. The Amazon is the world’s largest and most bio-diverse tropical rainforest and a huge trap for carbon dioxide. The harms of 41 in this vital resource are old news. But now, the time on the clock is running out. It seems that the world’s biggest rainforest is about to turn into the world’s biggest environmental 42 . “We are about to collapse,” says Luciana Gati at Brazil’s National Institute for ce Research. “We are in a(n) 43 , we need action now.”Gati has spent years 44 the Amazon from the air. She believes we are as little as five years from a point of no return, where rainforest begins to turn into dry land. It is also the point at which billions of tons of carbon would be 45 into the atmosphere. “It’s a nightmare,” she says.That nightmare situation is the well-known Amazon 46 point, where the ecosystem can no longer cope with the damage of the forest cutting. Like a domino game, one brick falling will 47 the whole tower to collapse in a heap.Warnings that this is approaching have now taken on extreme urgency. The rate of deforestation has increased sharply and is fast approaching the theoretical 48 . In September, a group of more than 200 experts, including Gatti, released an assessment of the situation. The conclusion: we are on the 49 of disaster.Scientists first began to seriously worry about a potential Amazon tipping point in about 2000, when some studies warned that a combination of climate change and deforestation could cause the rainforest to 50 .A few years later, a team of Brazilian scientists put numbers on it. They 51 that in central, southern and eastern parts of the Amazon, a loss of 40% of the forest cover from pre-industrial levels, or30C warming would reduce rainfall so much that the rest of the forest would die of 52 and turn intoa dry land in less than a decade.The scientists have since 53 that prediction, partly due to the global warming that has happened since 2000. The Amazon is already 1.20C warmer than it was in pre-industrial times and is warming three times faster than the global 54 . At that rate of warming, between 20 and 25% deforestation would be enough to dry up the land and destroy the Amazon completely.“Either way, we would be wise not to exceed 20 %, says a scientist, “for the commonsense reason that there is no point in 55 the precise point of limit by tipping it.”41. A. fertilization B. elimination C. deforestation D. frustration42. A. program B. disaster C. protection D. regulation43. A. evolution B. spotlight C. condition D. emergency44. A. measuring B. observing C. protecting D. criticizing45. A. released B. melted C. turned D. supplied46. A. tipping B. disappointing C. awarding D. tapping47. A. build B. turn C. cause D. make48. A. problem B. prediction C. aspect D. limit49. A. base B. edge C. surface D. track50. A. dry out B. run down C. pay off D. rise up51. A. boasted B. insisted C. estimated D. instructed52. A. thirst B. starvation C. cold D. disease53. A. digested B. revised C. encouraged D. previewed54. A. strategy B. climate C. average D. system55. A. diagnosing B. instructing C. inquiring D. discovering Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)As Dr. Pedro Jose grows older, he keeps setting his goals higher. He believes people in every walk of life need to constantly stretch for new challenges. His daily juggling act is extremely demanding. He’s a doctor, professor, and volunteer medical director of Saint John Clinic for undocumented immigrants. He still pushes on continuing to publicize his agenda in the media and serving on numerous boards and foundations.In 2002, Jose was named chairman of the board of the Hinic Heritage Awards Foundation. The awards recognize Hinics who make important contributions to life in America.Jose believes the stories of Hinic accomplishments can inspire all Americans. He adds, most important, the scholarships are offered by the foundation. Only two-thirds of Hinics graduate from high school. To help others, you must be able to help yourself, and that begins with education.Jose has received no shortage of honors of his own, including the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship and the Presidential Service Award. In 1994, Time magazine named him one of the nation’s 50 top leaders under the age of 40. And Hinic magazine named him Hinic of the Year in 2002. Jose’s autobiography, Waking Up in America, is now being made into a TV movie, starring Andy Garcia.Jose’s fervent hope is that the movie will help change people’s attitudes about the homeless. He hopes it will show that beyond the hard label are human beings---people who did not choose to be poor. Homeless people have needs and feelings that are no different from anyone else’s. They need help, not judgment.Most of all, though, Jose hopes that people will begin to realize the power they have to change things. There should never be another man in Bed 9, who died without anyone even knowing his name. There should never be another Giles Woodson, the man who was burned to death on the streets of Miami.“As a nation, what makes us great is our individuality. But what makes us truly powerful is when we work together,” says Jose. “If people put their minds to it, this kind of suffering can be solved.”56. How did Jose help the homeless?A. Volunteered to provide medical service for them.B. Provided good education for them.C. Set higher goals to face the coming challenges.D. Conducted medical research on them.57. Why was Jose named the head of the Hinic Heritage Awards Foundation?A. His success in the medical field inspired Americans.B. He contributed a lot to helping people in need.C. He developed good relationships with Hinics.D. He found few Hinics graduated from high school.58. Why was his autobiography made into a TV movie?A. His foundation provided scholarships for Hinics.B. He changed his attitude towards the homeless.C. He was a role model for Hinics and other Americans.D. He had a significant influence on the homeless.59. What do Jose’s words in the last paragraph imply?A. Be united and we will make the world a better place to live.B. Governments are responsible for the problem of the homeless.C. Do bear in mind that the homeless have suffered quite a lot.D. With rights and power, the homeless can solve their problems.(B)Take Off with Historic Hiring GrowthA message from Kate GeboWelcome aboard!We are so happy to have you fly with us. I’m sure you’ve thought about United as a way to travel, and with over 95,000 employees and growing, our company is also the center for rewarding careers.I could not be prouder to lead Human Resources at United during this exciting time for our company, while we’re building the biggest and best airline in the history of aviation. Earlier this year, we announced that we are on track to hire at least 15,000 new employees by the end of this year.When people think of career opportunities at United, they often think of being a pilot or flight attendant. In reality, our organization has a wide variety of roles in addition to our fantastic pilots and flight attendants, with jobs and functions to keep our airports running and our planes flying.Whether it’s for operational roles, such as ramp service employees, customer service representatives, and aircraft technicians, or for corporate roles in human resources, digital technology, and social media, we’re hiring across every function of the airline, seeking strong talent that will take us to new heights.A role at United is not just a job; it’s a career. Many of our employees have taken on new roles in different departments throughout their tenure (聘用期), which we support to develop and invest in our workforce. In the past seven years, more than 1,500 frontline employees were promoted to management roles, and 78 % of our senior leaders were promoted internally.Beyond the traditional career paths, we’re proud to create new paths to help our talent pipelines fulfill some of the industry’s most critical job functions. Aviate, our pilot career development program, offers aspiring and established pilots a path to the United flight deck. Calibrate is our full-time, paid apprenticeship program for those wanting to go into aircraft maintenance and other technical operational roles. Our newly launched Innovate program helps provide the skills and experiences needed to succeed in a technology career at United.We’re hiring from coast to coast, at our seven major hubs and across a broad range of positions. If you’re ready to join me and 95,000 of the industry’s best and brightest at United, I encourage you to visit today to see what opportunities await you. Your career is cleared for takeoff.United with you,Kate GeboExecutive Vice President,Human Resources and Labor Relations60. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. Guarantee to provide first-class customer service.B. Promote frontline employees to management roles.C. Introduce jobs available in some departments of United.D. Advertise for United to enroll pilots and flight attendants.61. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Visit , and you can see positions available.B. Employees at United can change their jobs with interest.C. Employees have to keep their positions throughout their tenure.D. The United is making efforts to be the biggest and best airline.62. Which is most suitable for those wanting to be technicians?A. The full-time, paid apprenticeship program.B. The traditional United career path.C. The newly launched Innovate program.D. The new paths for talent pipelines.(C)When I volunteered as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing country, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I imagined conducting intake interviews and walking around from organization to organization seeking support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me.I arrived full of zeal. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from which I had expected. The coordinator explained that the shelter’s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator’s confidence to keep me afloat.They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I began finding recipes and using the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, printing leaflets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house.In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough(揉面团) side by side, I shared in the friendly atmosphere of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women’s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the ueep of the house gave the women a sense of pride and the confidence that they had the capability to support themselves.Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all expected, but one that proved very successful. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, andI found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.63. The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author ________________.A. was shocked by the realityB. broadened the scope of her workC. developed her abilities to run a for-profit enterpriseD. handled a tough situation in a developing country64. The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal” indicates that she was ____________.A. anxious and insecureB. confident but uninformedC. eager and interestedD. enthusiastic but incompetent65. Why was the author initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery?A. She considered it from a theoretical point of view.B. She hoped to get a leadership position in the bakery.C. She wanted to show her baking skills to her new coordinator.D. She believed it is a good way to raise women’s self-esteem.... What did the last sentence (“Learning ... dough”) indicate?A. The author underestimated her abilities to learn new skills.B. The author derived benefit from her work by helping others.C. The author lacked self-confidence as much as the women working with her.D. The author found performing social work surprisingly easy with no education.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again.B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds.C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons.D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system.E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again.F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime.Hello, everyone!Are you worried about crime? I am. We read it every day in the newpers. A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone. He has appeared in court and claimed his innocencebut has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison. 67 Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.But what happens next? We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become likeus. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. 68 But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释)before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. 69 .So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime? Of course, there are alternatives to prison, such as community service or he can pay a large fine. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment.The answer is far simpler. We need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the crime.We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. 70 We in the ConLab Party believe that everybodyneeds a good chance in life, and this is a good step forward.Vote for us now!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. The problem of robocalls has become so bad that we refuse to pick up calls from numbers we don’t know. Nearly half of the calls we receive are scams(欺诈). We’ve realized the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.That’s because there are many powerful voice manipulation(处理) technologies to be available. A company showed a new voice technology able to produce a convincing human–sounding voice able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data disclosure of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to cheat the targeted people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you with a voice sounding exactly like your bank teller’s, misleading you to “confirm” your address and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like WeChat and Alipay, which can be tied to your identity.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 边喝咖啡边欣赏上海夜景多惬意呀!(How)73. 这个案例太复杂,一时半会解释不清楚。

2023年上海市长宁区社区工作者招聘考试真题

2023年上海市长宁区社区工作者招聘考试真题
C.社会主义的法和资本主义的法之间是不会存在有继承关系
D.反映法的一般价值的原则,是法的继承内容之一
【答案】:BD
30.京杭大运河无锡段航道改建项目近日正式开工,标志着京杭大运河苏南段航道改建项目主体工程正式启动。京杭大运河苏南段全长212.2公里,流经( )、无锡四市,计划到2025年,全线建成二级航道,实现2000吨级船舶全天候畅行。
【答案】:A
6.《搜神记》的作者是谁? ( )
A.老舍
B.干宝
C.刘禹锡
D.李白
【答案】:B
7.我国第一艘航母“辽宁舰”交接人列后,海军官兵以科学求实的态度和顽强拼搏的精神,按计划迅速投入紧张的出海训练和科研试验任务中。其间,顺利进行了歼一15飞机起降飞行训练。目前,歼一15飞机的起飞方式是( )。
【答案】:B
17.“岁寒三友”的图案,一般都用在器皿,衣料和建筑上。仁人志士对它的理解,是借此体现出傲霜斗雪,铁骨冰心的高尚品格,老百姓则看重其长青不老,终冬不凋,引申为生命力的旺盛,所以也成为吉祥的象征。其中下列选项中不属于“岁寒三友”的是( )。
A.竹
B.菊
C.梅
D.松
【答案】:B
18.贫血主要是因为人体内缺少哪一种元素?( )
【答案】:C
4.商品生产中,有一系列经济规律,而其中最基本的规律是( )。
A.竞争规律
B.价值规律
C.货币流通规律
D.供求规律
【答案】:B
5.小张在商店里购买了一件打折商品,原标价为人民币50元,实际支付40元。在这次购买活动中,货币执行的职能是( )。
A.流通手段
B.价值尺度
C.贮藏手段
D.支付手段
A.钙
B.磷
C.铁

2023年上海市长宁区事业单位笔试真题

2023年上海市长宁区事业单位笔试真题

2023年上海市长宁区事业单位笔试真题(满分100分时间120分钟)一、单选题(每题只有一个正确答案,答错、不答或多答均不得分)1.关于公民道德建设,下列说法不正确的是()A.加强公民道德建设是一项长期而紧迫的任务B.公民道德建设应当坚持尊重个人权益与承担社会责任相统一C.社会主义道德建设是发展先进文化的重要内容D.公民道德建设应当与社会主义市场经济相适应,正确运用物质利益原则【答案】:B2.秦朝初期为全国推行统一书体,()用小篆书写标准文字范本。

A.秦二世B.秦始皇C.慰缭D.李斯【答案】:D3.下列选项中不属于宏观调控中货币政策工具的是()。

A.再贴现率B.国债C.法定准备金率D.公开市场业务【答案】:B4.用于对某一项行政工作作比较具体规定的规范性文件,称作()。

A.办法B.决定C.规定D.条例【答案】:C5.东汉史学家()的《弈旨》,是历史上第一篇论述围棋理论的专著。

1/ 9B.班固C.马融D.李尤【答案】:B6.莎士比亚是英国杰出的戏剧家,他曾在作品中塑造了一个唯利是图的经典吝啬鬼形象——夏洛克,这部作品是()。

A.《仲夏夜之梦》B.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》C.《麦克白》D.《威尼斯商人》【答案】:D7.“红娘”今指代为爱情牵线搭桥的人,请问她最早出现在哪部文学作品中?()A.元稹的《莺莺传》B.王实甫的《西厢记》【答案】:A8.西方国家的政府职能在经历了自由放任阶段以后进入了:A.新自由主义阶段B.新古典主义阶段C.新公共管理阶段D.福利国家阶段【答案】:D9.于1602年在()成立的东印度公司,被公认为是世界上最早的股份有限公司。

A.伦敦B.巴黎C.荷兰D.苏黎世【答案】:C10.太阳系是由太阳、8颗大行星、66颗卫星以及无数的行星际物质组成的。

太阳质量约占太阳系总质量的()。

2/ 9B.10%C.50%D.99、8%【答案】:D11.下列有关剩余价值的几个说法中,不正确的一项是()。

A.超额剩余价值是由于商品的个别价值高于社会价值而产生的那部分剩余价值B.绝对剩余价值生产是在必要劳动时间不变的条件下,由于延长工作日的绝对量所产生的剩余价值C.相对剩余价值生产是在工作日不变的条件下,由于必要劳动时间缩短所产生的剩余价值D.剩余价值不是从流通过程中产生的,而是在劳动力的消费过程即资本主义生产过程中形成的【答案】:A12.冷战主要表现为以美国与苏联为首的两大军事集团之间的对峙,其开始的标志是()。

2024届上海市长宁区初三一模英语试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区初三一模英语试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市长宁区初三一模英语试卷考生注意:1.本场考试时间90分钟,满分140分;试题均采用连续号码,共84题。

2.作答前,在答题纸指定位置填写学校、班级、姓名及考号。

3.所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域,不得错位。

在试卷上作答一律不得分。

4.用2B铅笔作答选择题,用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。

Part1Listening(第一部分听力)I.Listening comprehension(听力理解)(本大题共20题,共25分)A.Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(5分)B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(5分)6.A)By taxi.B)By bicycle C)By bus.D)By underground.7.A)In April.B)In May.C)In June.D)In July.8.A)In the hotel.B)At the airport.C)In the shop.D)At school,9.A)To catch the plane at6:00.B)To take another flight.C)To give the ticket to someone.D)To take a taxi to the airport.10.A)Susan is busy with her work.B)The man has no time to swim.C)Susan goes swimming every day.D)The man doesn't like swimmingC.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下句子是否符合你听到的短文内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(5分)11.The writer's mother had a serious disease in her later years and didn't recognize her son.12.Once the writer bought his mother a strawberry milkshake(奶昔),she drank it quietly13.When the writer held his mother's hand.she gave him squeezes(捏)saying“Thanks".14.The writer felt excited to find his mother could respond to his soft squeezes.15.The mother left a lot of gold for the writer after she passed away.D.Listen to the dialogue and complete the Following sentences(听对话,用听到的单词完成下列句子。

上海长宁事业单位笔试试题2024

上海长宁事业单位笔试试题2024

2024年上海市长宁区事业单位工作人员招聘考试笔试试题一、单选题(每题只有一个正确答案,答错、不答或多答均不得分)1.下列关于行政决策的表述,不正确的是()。

A.提高行政效率是行政决策科学化的重要前提B.行政决策是履行行政管理职能的中心环节C.决策过程中最核心、最关键的一步是评估方案,作出决策D.在程序化决策和非程序化决策之间,领导者往往更应集中精力作好非程序化决策【答案】:A2.《老子》曰:“合抱之木,生于毫末;九层之台,起于累土;千里之行,始于足下。

”这表明:A.事物的变化发展始于量变,量变达到一定程度必然引起质变B.质变和量变相互渗透,相互作用C.质变由量变引起,优于量变D.质变是量变的前提和必要准备【答案】:A3.去年我国有些河流断流,这是由天气长期干旱造成的,同时也与这些河流中上游流域的森林砍伐过量、植被破坏严重、蓄水功能下降等因素有关。

从因果关系看,这属于()。

A.一因多果B.同果异因C.一果多因D.同因异果【答案】:C4.北极点是指地球自转轴穿过地心与地球表面相交,并指向北极星附近的交点,世界上第一个征服北极点的是()。

A.中国人B.美国人1/ 9D.德国人【答案】:B5.划分历史唯物主义和历史唯心主义的根本标准是()。

A.是否承认阶级斗争B.是否承认社会意识的能动作用C.是否承认社会存在决定社会意识D.是否承认社会历史的规律性【答案】:C6.“诚心问民意,恒心解民生。

”近年来,我国政府更加重视社会发展和改善民生,积极解决就业、教育、医疗、安全生产、环境保护等人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。

这表明我国政府是()。

①公共权力的所有者②经济活动的参加者③公共服务的提供者④人民利益的执行者A.①②B.③④C.①③D.②④【答案】:B7.人们为了找到最适合自己爱好和技能的工作,而不断更换工作过程中造成的失业()。

A.周期性失业B.摩擦性失业C.自然性失业D.结构性失业【答案】:B8.解放战争时期,三大战役中,最先打响的是()。

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长宁区2011学年度第一学期初三英语期末试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:本卷有7大题,共99小题。

试题均采用连续编号,所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成,做在试卷上不给分。

Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A.Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片):(共6分)A B CD E F G1._______2._______3. _______4. _______5. _______6. _______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案):(共10分)7. A. Skating. B. Swimming. C. Skiing. D. Sailing.8. A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Snowy. D. Rainy.9. A. V egetables. B. Dairy products. C. Fruits. D. Candies.10. A. An iPad. B. An MP4. C. A book. D. A PSP.11. A. English. B. Chinese. C. Physics. D. Maths.12.A. Blue. B. Red. C. Green. D. Grey.13. A. Listen to the music. B. Listen to the international news.C. Turn on the radio.D. Know the time of the program.14. A. He wants to eat more fish. B. He doesn’t want to eat more fish.C. The fish is not fresh enough.D. The fish is not very tasty.15. A. In the cinema. B. In the restaurant. C. In the library. D. In the supermarket.16. A. 63980264 B. 63982064. C. 63981064. D. 63980164.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示):(共7分)17. We need plants because we can not only eat them, but also enjoy their beauty.18. If we don’t have plants, o ur life will not be so colourful.19. We have parks just because of the beautiful smells of trees and flowers.20. People like to design their houses with room of grass and a swimming pool.21. The experiment is about two seeds planted in the same place with different ideas.22. The loved plant had more and longer roots, a thicker stem(茎) and more leaves.23. The other plant might die after six months because it only got hopeless ideas.D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences(听对话,完成下列内容。

每空格限填一词):(共7分)24. Almost everyone reads the ________ paper the newspaper boy has delivered.25. The paper is often very ________ because it has many advertisements and different sections.26. The adults in the family like the ________ page, the editorial(社论) page and the world newssection.27. Many men like reading the ________ pages and financial(金融的) pages.28. The mother of the family usually read the ________ page, but most men don’t.29. Older people read the death notices to know who have ________ during the week.30. From the passage, we know everyone can read ________ from the paper.Part 2 V ocabulary and Grammar(第二部分词汇和语法)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示): (共20分)31. “Who knows ________ answer to the question?” the teacher asked.A. aB. anC. theD. /32. Joyce wrote an article ________ how to improve our memory for the school newspaper.A. forB. onC. inD. at33. In the modern world, ________ young people are interested in cormorant fishing.A. a fewB. fewC. lots ofD. some34. The Greens and the Browns ________ next-door neighbours for many years .A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been35. It is nice ________ into a new house with a beautiful garden.A. movingB. movesC. moveD. to move36. Alice likes to ________ the little puppy and hold it in her arms.A. set upB. pick upC. get upD. give up37. Steven completed the science test ________ in our class yesterday.A. most quicklyB. more quicklyC. less quicklyD. quickly38. super calculators computers are!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How39. We will remember the picture ________ it is silly, strange and colourful.A. unlessB. ifC. beforeD. after40. --Have you brought with you? We won’t have time to come back.--Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything41. Speak louder everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly.A. so thatB. in order toC. sinceD. because42. It doesn’t look like rain, so you bring your umbrella with you.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. needn’tD. may not43. The taxi base fare (起步价) in Shanghai ________ from 12 yuan to 14 yuan last August.A. raisedB. was raisedC. has raisedD. has been raised44. He was unaware of the mistakes he made in the report. The underlined part means ________.A. didn’t think aboutB. didn’t seeC. didn’t knowD. didn’t want45. The actress is at least 50, but she looks ________ than she really is.A. very youngB. much youngerC. very oldD. much older46. Flora told us such a funny joke that it made all of us ________.A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed47. I imagine you’re tired from the journey. The underlined part means ________.A. guessB. planC. wonderD. hope48. Jack, you’d better ________ too many soft drinks. It’s bad for your health.A. not to haveB. to haveC. not haveD. have49. I’d like to see you off at the airport. Could you tell me ________?A. when your plane took offB. when did your plane take offC. when your plane takes offD. when does your plane take off50. -- Why don’t we have a get-together next week?-- ________A. Yes, please.B. No, thanks.C. That’s a good idea.D. I’m sorry.III. Complete the following passage with the words or expression in the box. Each word can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。

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