Chapter_2___Data__anagement(1)
管理学原理题库(英文)
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Management and OrganizationsTrue/False QuestionsThe four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.True (easy)Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.False (moderate)Efficiency is often referred to as "doing things right."True (moderate)When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.False (difficult)According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the informational role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.True (moderate)Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management.True (moderate)The systems perspective underscores and emphasizes the fact that organizations are different, face different circumstances, and thus may require different ways of managing.False (moderate)Multiple Choice_____________ are organizational members who integrate and coordinate the work of others.a. Managers (easy)b. Team leadersc. Subordinatesd. Operativese. AgentsTypically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers (easy)e. subordinates_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.a. Manipulating othersb. Concern for the lawc. Increasing efficiencyd. Coordinating and integrating others' work (moderate)e. Defining market shareWhich of the following is NOT an example of a decisional role according to Mintzberg?a.spokesperson (moderate)b.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocatore.negotiatorWhich of the following skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work?a.human skillsb.technical skills (easy)c.conceptual skillsd.empirical skillsUnderstanding building codes would be considered a _____________ skill for a building contractor.a. humanb. technical (easy)c. conceptuald. empiricale. functionalWhich of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?a. decision-making (easy)b. communicating with customersc. motivating subordinatesd. product knowledgee. technical skillsAccording to the text, _____________ are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.a.open systemsb.closed systems (easy)c.flextime systemsd.reverse systemse.forward systemsThe _____________ view of a manager's job implies that decisions and actions taken in one organizational area will impact other areas.a. systems (moderate)b. contingencyc. conceptuald. functionale. environmentalWhich of the following best describes the concept that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations,at all organizational levels and in all organizational work areas, and in all organizations, no matter what country they’re located in?a.the partiality of managementb.the segmentation of managementc.the universality of management (moderate)d.the cultures of managementScenarios and QuestionsThe Busy Day (Scenario)Don Eskew, plant manager at Control Systems, Inc., sighed as he sipped his first cup of coffee at 5 a.m. and read his agenda for the day. He is giving two company tours in the morning; the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion and has several questions, and the second to a group of Control Systems, Inc., managers from the east coast. He then has a meeting with unit manager, Phil Johnson, to discuss Phil's recent drop in performance (a task he always hates). Next, he is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the Division President. Finally, in late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Whew! Just another day in the glamorous life of a manager. Together, all of these behaviors performed by Don during his busy day correspond to the management roles discovered in the late 1960s by which of the following management scientists?a. Herzbergb. Skinnerc. Mintzberg (easy)d. Fayole. MaslowWhen Don was meeting with Phil to discuss his performance concerns, he was operating in which management role?a. leader (difficult)b. figureheadc. monitord. disturbance handlere. spokesperson114. What role was Don performing when he gave the plant tour to the newspaper reporter?a. monitorb. figureheadc. disseminatord. spokesperson (difficult)e. resource allocator115. When Don was reviewing the new equipment malfunction, what management role was he playing when deciding whether to bring in extra people?a. monitorb. disseminatorc. resource allocator (moderate)d. disturbance handlere. figureheadEssay QuestionsIn a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.Answera.Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deal withscarce inputs—including resources such as people, money, and equipment—they are concerned with theefficient use of resources. For instance, at the Beiersdorf Inc. factory in Cincinnati, where employees makebody braces and supports, canes, walkers, crutches, and other medical assistance products, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasingthe amount of time to manufacture products, and lowering product reject rates. From this perspective,that is, not wasting resources.efficiency is often referred to a s “doing things right”—that is, those work activities that will help theb.Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”—organization reach its goals. For instance, at the Biersdorf factory, goals included open communication between managers and employees, and cutting costs. Through various work programs, these goals werepursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.(moderate)In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management.Answera.Planning –involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, anddeveloping plans to integrate and coordinate activities.anizing – involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how thetasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.c.Leading – when managers motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work, select themost effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, they are leading.d.Controlling – to ensure that work is going as it should, managers must monitor and evaluate performance.The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what is meant by the controlling function.(moderate)In a short essay, list and discuss the three essential skills according to Katz that managers need to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager.Answera.Technical skills – include knowledge of an proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering,computers, accounting, or manufacturing. These skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organizationb.Human skills –involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. These skills are equally important at alllevels of management.c.Conceptual skills – these are the skill that managers must have to think and to conceptualize about abstractand complex situations. Using these skills, managers must be able to see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broaderenvironment. These skills are most important at the top management levels.(moderate)Chapter 2 – Management Yesterday and TodayTrue/FalseAccording to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.True (easy)In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.True (easy)“Principles of Scientific Management” was written by Frederick Taylor.True (moderate)Frank Gilbreth’s best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.False (moderate)。
管理学第十一版Chapter2 (1)
Chapter2Management Yesterday and Today Historical Background of Management Ancient Management（古代的管理）Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall)Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)Adam Smith（亚当.斯密）Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776 Advocated the division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers提倡劳动分工（工作专业化）以提高劳动者的劳动生产率Industrial Revolution（工业革命）Substituted machine power for human laborCreated large organizations in need of management创建出需要管理的大型组织Development of Major Management Theories主要管理理论的发展古典方法Scientific Management（科学管理）General Administrative Theory（一般行政管理）定量方法Quantitative Management（定量管理）行为方法Organizational Behavior（组织行为）当代方法Systems Approach（系统方法）Contingency Approach（情境方法）1.Scientific Management科学管理Fredrick Winslow Taylor弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒——The “father” of scientific management科学管理理论之父Published Principles of Scientific Management《科学管理原理》(1911)The theory of scientific managementUsing scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done:用科学的方法来定义一种完成工作的“最佳方法”：1.Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment.把使用合适的工具和设备的人放在合适的工作上。
《管理学原理》考试题库(英文版)
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Management and OrganizationsTrue/False QuestionsThe four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.True (easy)Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.False (moderate)Efficiency is often referred to as "doing things right."True (moderate)When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.False (difficult)According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the informational role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.True (moderate)Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management.True (moderate)The systems perspective underscores and emphasizes the fact that organizations are different, face different circumstances, and thus may require different ways of managing.False (moderate)Multiple Choice_____________ are organizational members who integrate and coordinate the work of others.a. Managers (easy)b. Team leadersc. Subordinatesd. Operativese. AgentsTypically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers (easy)e. subordinates_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.a. Manipulating othersb. Concern for the lawc. Increasing efficiencyd. Coordinating and integrating others' work (moderate)e. Defining market shareWhich of the following is NOT an example of a decisional role according to Mintzberg?a.spokesperson (moderate)b.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocatore.negotiatorWhich of the following skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work?a.human skillsb.technical skills (easy)c.conceptual skillsd.empirical skillsUnderstanding building codes would be considered a _____________ skill for a building contractor.a. humanb. technical (easy)c. conceptuald. empiricale. functionalWhich of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?a. decision-making (easy)b. communicating with customersc. motivating subordinatesd. product knowledgee. technical skillsAccording to the text, _____________ are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.a.open systemsb.closed systems (easy)c.flextime systemsd.reverse systemse.forward systemsThe _____________ view of a manager's job implies that decisions and actions taken in one organizational area will impact other areas.a. systems (moderate)b. contingencyc. conceptuald. functionale. environmentalWhich of the following best describes the concept that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels and in all organizational work areas, and in all organizations, no matter what country they’re located i n?a.the partiality of managementb.the segmentation of managementc.the universality of management (moderate)d.the cultures of managementScenarios and QuestionsThe Busy Day (Scenario)Don Eskew, plant manager at Control Systems, Inc., sighed as he sipped his first cup of coffee at 5 a.m. and read his agenda for the day. He is giving two company tours in the morning; the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion and has several questions, and the second to a group of Control Systems, Inc., managers from the east coast. He then has a meeting with unit manager, Phil Johnson, to discuss Phil's recent drop in performance (a task he always hates). Next, he is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the Division President. Finally, in late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Whew! Just another day in the glamorous life of a manager. Together, all of these behaviors performed by Don during his busy day correspond to the management roles discovered in the late 1960s by which of the following management scientists?a. Herzbergb. Skinnerc. Mintzberg (easy)d. Fayole. MaslowWhen Don was meeting with Phil to discuss his performance concerns, he was operating in which management role?a. leader (difficult)b. figureheadc. monitord. disturbance handlere. spokesperson114. What role was Don performing when he gave the plant tour to the newspaper reporter?a. monitorb. figureheadc. disseminatord. spokesperson (difficult)e. resource allocator115. When Don was reviewing the new equipment malfunction, what management role was he playing when deciding whether to bring in extra people?a. monitorb. disseminatorc. resource allocator (moderate)d. disturbance handlere. figureheadEssay QuestionsIn a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.Answera.Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deal withscarce inputs—including resources such as people, money, and equipment—they are concerned with the efficient use of resources. For instance, at the Beiersdorf Inc. factory in Cincinnati, where employees make body braces and supports, canes, walkers, crutches, and other medical assistance products, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasing the amount of time to manufacture products, and lowering product reject rates. From this perspective, efficiency is often referred to as “doing things right”—that is, not wasting resources.b.Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”—that is, those work activities that will help theorganization reach its goals. For instance, at the Biersdorf factory, goals included open communication between managers and employees, and cutting costs. Through various work programs, these goals were pursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.(moderate)In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management.Answera.Planning –involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, anddeveloping plans to integrate and coordinate activities.anizing – involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how thetasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.c.Leading – when managers motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work, select themost effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, they are leading.d.Controlling – to ensure that work is going as it should, managers must monitor and evaluate performance.The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what is meant by the controlling function.(moderate)In a short essay, list and discuss the three essential skills according to Katz that managers need to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager.Answera.Technical skills – include knowledge of an proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering,computers, accounting, or manufacturing. These skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work.b.Human skills –involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. These skills are equally important at all levels of management.c.Conceptual skills – these are the skill that managers must have to think and to conceptualize about abstractand complex situations. Using these skills, managers must be able to see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment. These skills are most important at the top management levels.(moderate)Chapter 2 – Management Yesterday and TodayTrue/FalseAccording to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.True (easy)In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.True (easy)“Principles of Scientific Management” was written by Frederick Taylor.True (moderate)Frank Gilbreth’s best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.False (moderate)Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.True (easy)One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.True (moderate)Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.False (moderate)Decisions on determining a company’s optimum inventory levels have been significantly influenced by economic order quantity modeling.True (moderate)Barnard, Follet, Musterberg, and Owen are all theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach.True (moderate)Multiple ChoiceAdam Smith's, "The Wealth of Nations," put forth that the primary economic advantage by societies would be gained from which of the following concepts?a. management planning and controlb. on-the-job trainingc. union representationd. fair employment legislatione. division of labor (difficult)Which of the following is not one of the four management approaches that grew out of the first half of this century?a. scientific managementb. general administrativec. organizational behaviord. systems approach (easy)e. quantitativeAccording to the text, probably the best-known example of Taylor’s scientific management was the ______________ experiment.a.horse shoeb.pig iron (moderate)c.blue collard.fish tankWhich of the following is NOT one of Taylor’s four principles of management?a.Develop a science for each element of an indivi dual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesdeveloped.d.Provide managers will less work than other employees so the managers can plan accordingly.(difficult)General administrative theory focuses ona. the entire organization. (easy)b. managers and administrators.c. the measurement of organizational design relationships.d. primarily the accounting function.e. administrative issues affecting non-managerial employees.The fourteen principles of management are associated with whom?a. Weberb. Druckerc. Taylord. Gilbrethe. Fayol (moderate)Which of the following approaches to management has also been labeled operations research or management science?a.The qualitative approachb.The quantitative approach (easy)c.The experimental approachd.The theoretical approachWhich of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?a. information modelsb. critical-path schedulingc. systematic motivation of individuals (moderate)d. linear programminge. statisticsWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behavior came out of the _______________.a.Taylor Studies.b.Porter Studies.c.Parker Studies.d.Hawthorne Studies. (moderate)What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?a. Adamsb. Mayo (easy)c. Lawlerd. Barnarde. FollettOne outcome of the Hawthorne studies could be described by which of the following statements?a.Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behavior. (moderate)b.Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.c.Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related.d.Security is relatively unimportant.e.While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is mostimportant.Scenarios and QuestionsHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANAGEMENTA Look Back (Scenario)Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a fifteen-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting. Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input. As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began. As she napped, she dreamed that, along with "Mr. Peebodi" as her guide, she was traveling in the "Management Way Back Machine" that took her back through management history.106. One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith's home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organizations and society would gain froma. time management.b. division of labor. (moderate)c. group work.d. quality management.e. time and motion studies.107. Cindy visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring. She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must bea. Adam Smith.b. Frank Gilbreth.c. Henry Gantt.d. Frederick Taylor. (easy)e. Henri Fayol.108. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates ofa. scientific management. (moderate)b. organizational behavior.c. human resource management.d. motivation.e. leadership.109. Cindy spent some time visiting with __________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and-body motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a "therblig."a. Henry Ganttb. Max Weberc. Chester Barnardd. Frank Gilbreth (moderate)e. Mary Parker FolletEssay QuestionsSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTIn a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Taylor’s four principles of management.AnswerFrederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was continually appalled by workers’inefficiencies. Employees used vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about one-third of what was possible.Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict.Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.Taylor’s Four Principles of Managementa.Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesof the science that has been developed.d.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes overall work for which it is better fitted than the workers.(difficult)122. In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.AnswerFrank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing thebricklayer’s job, he re duced the number of motions in laying exterior brick from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior brick the motions were reduced from 18 to 2. Using the Gilbreth’s techniques, the bricklayer could be more productive and less fatigued at the end of the day. The Gilbreths were among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions and the amount of time spent doing each motion. Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be identified and eliminated. The Gilbreths also devised a classification scheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called therbligs. This scheme allowed the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing a worker’s exact hand movements.(moderate)GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORISTS123. In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management. Next list and discuss seven of Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.AnswerFayol described the practice of management as something distinct from accounting, finance, production,distribution, and other typical business functions. He argued that management was an activity common to all human endeavors in business, government, and even in the home. He then proceeded to state 14 principles of management—fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in allorganizational situations.Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Managementa.Division of work. – specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.b.Authority – managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority,however, goes responsibility.c.Discipline – employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.d.Unity of command – every employee should receive orders from only one superior.e.Unity of direction – the organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.f.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest – the interests of any one employee or group ofemployees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.g.Remuneration – workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.h.Centralization – this term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.i.Scalar chain – the line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks in the scalar chain.j.Order – people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.k.Equity – managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.l.Stability of tenure of personnel – management should provide orderly personal planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.m.Initiative – employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.n.Esprit de corps – promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.(difficult)124. In a short essay, discuss Max Weber’s contribution to the general administrative approach to management.AnswerMax Weber was a German sociologist who studied organizational activity. Writing in the early 1900s, hedeveloped a theory of authority structures and relations. Weber describes an ideal type of organization hecalled a bureaucracy—a form or organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Weber recognized that this “ideal bureaucracy”didn’t exist in reality. Instead he intended it as a basis for theorizing about work and how work could be done in large groups. His theory became the model structural design for many or today’s large organizations.(easy)TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR125. In a short essay, describe the Hawthorne Studies. Next, discuss the role of Elton Mayo in these studies and some of the findings of his research.AnswerWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing OB field came out of the HawthorneStudies, a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works in Cicero, Illinois. These studies were initially designed by Western Electric industrial engineers as a scientific management experiment. They wanted to examine the effect of various illumination levels on worker productivity. Based on their research, it was concluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity. In 1927, the Western Electric engineers asked Harvard professor Elton Mayo and his associates to join the study as consultants.Through additional research, Elton Mayo concluded that behavior affected individual behavior, that groupstandards establish individual worker output, and that money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security. These conclusions led to a new emphasis on the humanbehavior factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals.(difficult)CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES126. In a short essay, define entrepreneurship and discuss the three import themes that stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship.AnswerEntrepreneurship is the process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts andmeans to pursue opportunities to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled. It involves the discovery of opportunities and the resources to exploit them. Three important themes stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship. First, is the pursuit of opportunities. Entrepreneurship is about pursuing environmental trends and changes that no one else has seen or paid attention to. The second important theme in entrepreneurship is innovation.Entrepreneurship involves changing, revolutionizing, transforming, and introducing new approaches—that is, new products or services of new ways of doing business. The final important theme in entrepreneurship is growth. Entrepreneurs pursue growth. They are not content to stay small or to stay the same in size.Entrepreneurs want their businesses to grow and work very hard to pursue growth as they continually look for trends and continue to innovate new products and new approaches.(moderate)127. In a short essay, define e-business and e-commerce. Next discuss the three categories of e-business involvement.AnswerE-business (electronic business) is a comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic Internet-based) linkages with its key constituencies (employees, managers, customers,suppliers, and partners) i n order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. It’s more than e-commerce, although e-business can include e-commerce. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is any form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically. The first category of e-businessinvolvement an e-business enhanced organization, a traditional organization that sets up e-business capabilities, usually e-commerce, while maintaining its traditional structure. Many Fortune 500 type organizations areevolving into e-businesses using this approach. They use the Internet to enhance (not to replace) theirtraditional ways of doing business. Another category of e-business involvement is an e-business enabledorganization. In this type of e-business, an organization uses the Internet to perform its traditional business functions better, but not to sell anything. In other words, the Internet enables organizational members to do their work more efficiently and effectively. There are numerous organizations using electronic linkages to communicate with employees, customers, or suppliers and to support them with information. The last category of e-business involvement is when an organization becomes a total e-business. Their whole existence is made possible by and revolves around the Internet.(moderate)128. In a short essay, discuss the need for innovation and flexibility as it relates to the survival of today’s organizations.AnswerInnovation has been called the most precious capability that any org anization in today’s economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas, an organization is doomed to obsolescence of even worse, failure. In a survey about what makes an organization valuable, innovation showed up at the top of the list.There is absolutely no doubt that innovation is crucial. Another demand facing today’s organizations andmanagers is the need for flexibility. In a context where customers’ needs may change overnight, where new competitors come and go at breathtaking speed, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project, one can see how flexibility might be valuable.(easy)129. In a short essay, discuss the concept of total quality management and the six characteristics that describe this important concept.AnswerA quality revolution swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s. Thegeneric term used to describe this revolution was total quality management, or TQM for short. It was inspired by a small group of quality experts, the most famous being W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran. TQM isa philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs andexpectations. The objective is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement in workprocesses. TQM is a departure from earlier management theories that were based on the belief that low costs were the only road to increased productivity.The Six Characteristics of Total Quality Managementa.Intense Focus on the customer –the customer includes not only outsiders who buy the organization’sproducts or services but also internal customers (such as shipping or accounts payable personnel) who interact with and serve others in the organization.b.Concern for continual improvement –TQM is a commitment to never being satisfied. “Very good” is notgood enough. Quality can always be improved.c.Process-focused –TQM focuses on work processes as the quality of goods and services is continuallyimproved.d.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does – TQM uses a very broad definition ofquality. It relates not only to the final product but also to how the organization handles deliveries, how rapidly it responds to complaints, and how politely the phones are answered.e.Accurate measurement –TQM uses statistical techniques to measure every critical variable in theorganization’s operations. These are compared against standards or benchmarks to identify problems, trace them to their roots, and eliminate their causes.f.Empowerment of employees – TQM involves the people on the line in the improvement process. Teamsare widely used in TQM programs as empowerment vehicles for finding and solving problems.(difficult)130. In a short essay, describe the learning organization and discuss the concept of knowledge management.AnswerToday’s managers confront an environment where change takes place at an unprecedented rate. Constantinnovations in information and computer technologies combined with the globalization of markets have createda chaotic world. As a result, many of the past management guidelines and principles no longer apply.Successful organizations of the twenty-first century must be able to learn and respond quickly, and will be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the organization’s knowledge base, and make needed changes. In other words, these organizations will need to be learning organizations. Alearning organization is one that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. Part of a manager’s responsibility in fostering an environment conducing to learning is to create learning capabilities throughout the organization—from lowest level to highest level and in all areas. Knowledge managementinvolves cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better performance.(moderate)Chapter 3 – Organizational CultureIn the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.False (easy)The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests managers are omnipotent.True (moderate)An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.True (moderate)Organizational culture is a perception, not reality.True (moderate)Strong cultures have more influence on employees than weak ones.True (moderate)。
项目管理Project management课件Chapter 2 Slides_Organisational Context (1)
individuals into departments
确定组织中的任何部门
departments into the total organization
3. Design of systems to ensure
effective communication
系统设计
coordination
Project organizations – group people into project teams on temporary assignments
Matrix organizations – create a dual hierarchy in which functions and projects have equal prominence
项目利益相关者的定义：与项目利益相关的个人和群体，他们能影响项目运转
Project Stakeholders are defined as all individuals or groups who have an active stake in the project and can potentially impact, either positively or negatively, its development.
6.Identify the characteristics of three forms of project management office (PMO).
7.Understand key concepts of corporate culture and how cultures are formed.
difficult to achieve cross-
《管理学》(Management)(英文大纲).ppt
2019-9-9
感谢你的欣赏
11
Part 4 Organizing
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure and Design
Defining organizational structure Organizational design decisions Common organizational designs
The decision-making process The pervasiveness of decision making The manager as decision maker
2019-9-9
感谢你的欣赏
8
Part 3 Planning(Cont’d)
Chapter 7 Foundations of Planning
2019-9-9
感谢你的欣赏
16
Part 5 Leading(Cont’d)
Chapter 15 Understanding Groups and Teams
Understanding group behavior Turning group into effective teams Developing and managing effective teams
2019-9-9
感谢你的欣赏
21
Part 6 Controlling(Cont’d)
Chapter 20 Controlling for Organizational Performance
Organizational performance Tools for monitoring and measuring
跨文化交际Chapter_2_Kluchhohn's__five_dimentions
hanfeitze
• A philosopher of the “legalist school”, lived about three centuries after Confucius.
• He maintains that we should not expect people to be good, but we should make
human nature
• The first: evil but perfectible. • The traditional Western belief about human nature is that humans are basically evil. • We see this in the Bible story of Adam and Eve. God throws
• Bible story: Adam and Eve • This view (man being separated from nature) can be seen from the Bible story of creation. Adam is given dominance over all of God’s creation. Adam and his human descendents stand apart from and above nature and are told to use the natural world to meet human needs. This used to be the prevalent view in western societies. But today more and more people come to believe that this is not the right attitude. We should protect the environment instead of exploiting nature. (eg. Green organizations)
管理学(双语)chap1 Introduction to Management and Organi
• □我国国有企业80%以上的亏损企业是由于管 理不善所致。
2020/10/18
1-9
1. Who Are Managers?
• Manager – --someone who coordinates and oversees the works
台高筑，对下属公司的管理失控，陷入了全面危机。
•
1997年，国务院不得不对该公司进行全面清理整顿。一
个曾红极一时的国有大公司倒下了。
2020/10/18
1-7
•话题
你认为海尔与中联公司成败的 关键是什么？
2020/10/18
1-8
• □上述两个案例，一个由小到大，到强；一个 由大到乱，到衰，这一成一败说明了企业的成败 在于科学的管理，在于正确的战略。
• Informational - receiving, collecting, and disseminating information
• Decisional - revolve around making choices
– emphasis that managers give to the various roles seems to change with their organizational level
– First-line managers - at the lowest level of management and manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who are directly involved with the production or creation of the organization’s products
供应链管理概念.ppt
南昌工程学院 《现代物流管理基础》
第一节 供应链管理的重要特征
2 Long-term orientation
高度依赖 共享信息 Partnerships: long-term relationships between 一致的目标 supply chain participants. 共同信任 共享利益 Partnership 基于价值的购买决策 characteristics
products
南昌工程学院 《现代物流管理基础》
第一节 供应链管理的重要特征
1 Customer power
Increased power of customers has important implications for:
The design and management of supply chain. Customer-centric, pull-oriented supply chains should replace factory-driven, push ones.
High Interdependence
Shared information
Compatible goals
Mutual trust
Shared benefits
Buying decisions based on value
南昌工程学院 《现代物流管理基础》
第一节 供应链管理的重要特征
3 Leveraging technology
1 Concept of Supply Chain
A supply chain “encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows.”
Marketing整理选择题(附答案)
1 1Chapter 11. Marketing is _____.A.another word for advertising and salesB. only used by major corporationsC.about satisfying customer needsD.about simply making a profit2.The first step in the marketing process is to work to understand customers. True False3. Once we have created value for customers, the final step in the marketing process is to capture value from them. True False4.The most basic concept underlying marketing is that of _____. profits products human needs services5.Marketers create social needs in consumers. TrueFalse (Marketers do not create customer needs, whether social, physical or individual. Needs are a basic part of the human makeup.) 6.The act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return is called a(n) _____. exchange switch market sale7.The art and science of choosing target markets and building profitable relationships with them is called _____.marketing profiles marketing maneuvers marketing selection marketing management8.Which marketing philosophy listed below is useful when supply exceeds demand and when production costs are too high and need to be reduced? production conceptproduct conceptselling concept marketing concept9.Which marketing philosophy believes that an organization can achieve its goals if it knows the needs of its target market well and delivers satisfaction better than its competition?production concept product concept selling concept marketing concept 10.Customer relationship management (CRM) is solely about acquiring and keeping customers. TrueFalse (CRM is about acquiring, keeping and growing customers .) 11.To build lasting customer relationships, firms should focus on delivering _____ and _____. high quality products; low pricescustomer value; customer satisfaction customer satisfaction; customer2 2growthcustomer value; high profits12.It costs 5 to 10 times more to find a new customer than to keep a current one happy.True (Due to changing demographics, more competition, and overcapacity in many industries, the cost of finding new customers is rising.) False13.The aim of customer relationship management is to _____. create customer satisfaction create customer profits create customer delight create customer longing14.The portion of the customer’s purchasing power that a company gets in its product categories is called its _____.customer equity share of customer customer quotientcustomer lifetime value15.Customers that are a good fitbetween a company’s offerings and that are expected to be loyal over the long term are called _____. butterflies barnacles true friends strangers 16.The most dramatic new technology is the Internet. True False17.The _____ is the nation’s 24th largest advertiser with an annual budget of over $1 billion. Procter and Gamble Co. Boeing Co .Levi Strauss Co. U.S. Government18.Which of the first four steps of the marketing process asks, “What consumers will we serve?” and “How can we best serve targeted customers?” Step 1: Understanding the marketplaceStep 2: Designing the marketingstrategyStep 3: Constructing the marketing program Step 4: Building profitable relationships with customers19.Which step of the marketing process is the most important? Step 1: Understanding the marketplaceStep 2: Designing the marketing strategyStep 3: Constructing the marketing program Step 4: Building profitable relationships with customers20.In addition to delighting customers, companies today must also harness technology, think globally and be ethically and socially responsible. True FalseChapter 21.This type of business plan involves adapting the firm to take advantage of opportunities in its constantly3 3changing environment. –annual plan–marketing plan –strategic plan –long-range plan2.A good mission statement should be all of the following except _____.–market oriented –product oriented –realistic –motivating3.The organization should base its mission statement on its _____.–profitable goals –customers’ welfare –product’s value–distinctive competencies4.Business portfolio management involves two steps. Step 1 requires the business to analyze its current business portfolio. Step 2 requires it to shape its future portfolio.–True –False5._____ are low-growth, high-sharebusinesses or products.–Question marks –Cash cows –Dogs –Stars6._____ are high-growth, high-share businesses or products.–Question marks –Cash cows –Dogs –Stars7. Which of the following are limitations to the BCG method of strategic planning?–difficult to implement –costly–provide little advice for the future –all of the above8._____ has the main responsibility for achieving profitable growth for a company.–Management –Human resources –Marketing–All of the above 9.Which of the following is an example of market penetration for Starbucks?–adding drive-thru windows to theircurrent coffee shops–adding new stores in the Southeast(market development)–adding hot breakfast items to themenu (product development)–buying Hear Music (diversification)10. Downsizing is reducing the business portfolio by eliminating products or business units that are not profitable or no longer fit the company’s overall image.–True –False11.The _____ takes the customer’s point of view.–Human Resource Dept. –Management Dept.–Information Technology Dept. –Marketing Dept.12._____ should be at the center of a company’s marketing strategy.4 4•Customers•Profits •Products •Employees13._____ involves dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors and who might require separate products or marketing mixes.•Market definition •Target marketing •Product positioning •Market segmentation14.Once the various market segments have been determined, the next step in the marketing strategy process is _____.•market evaluation •target marketing •product positioning •market penetration15.A company should target segments in which it can profitably generate the greatest customer value and sustain it over time.•True •False16.The purpose of a product’s image statement is to present the product in a clear, distinct and desirable way relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers.•True•False (positioning statement)17.The set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends together to produce its response to the wants of its target market are called its _____.•marketing arsenal •marketing mix•marketing portfolio•integrated marketing options (IMOs)18.The four P’s in marketing refer to_____, _____, _____ and _____.•product; place; price; promotion •product; property; price; promotion •production; property; people;promotion•product;place; promotion; people19.Which of the “P’s” listed below relates to a customer’s cost?•product •place •price •promotion20.Managers are correct in thinking that, “doing things right” (implementation) is more important than, “doing the right things” (strategy).•True•False (both are critical to success) Chapter 31.A company’s _____ consists of its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers, competitors and publics.–macroenvironment –microenvironment –business environment –marketing environment2._____ include resellers, marketing service agencies and financial firms that help a company to promote and5 5sell its offerings to its final customers.–Advertising agencies–Suppliers–Intelligence firms–Marketing intermediaries3.Marketers today are only concerned with their consumer markets.–True–False (marketers today may havefive types of customer markets. These are the consumer market, the business market, the reseller market, the government market and the international market.4.A company’s _____ public includes its workers, managers, volunteers and board of directors.–employee–citizen-action –internal–human resource5.The single most important demographic trend in the U.S. is the changing age structure of the population.–True –False6.Of the seven generations present in the U.S. today, _____ is(are) the largest and most influential.–the Baby Boomers –Generation X –Generation Y –the Millenials7.In the United States today, married couples with children make up _____ of the nation’s 105 million households.–50% –65% –25% –34%8.The disabled market is relatively small in the United States and is not being actively pursued by marketers.–True –False(Marketers are activelypursuing this market, which is larger than the Hispanic and African-American markets)9.The “shop until you drop” mentality of the 1990’s has been replaced with a more _____ approach.–save all you can –value is key –don’t shop at all –splurge regularly10.There are three trends in the natural environment that marketers are monitoring. These are _____, _____ and _____.–shortagesof rawmaterials; increased legislation; increasedconsumerism–the green movement; shortages ofraw materials; increased pollution–increasedpollution; increasedgovernment intervention; shortages of raw materials–increased consumerism; increasedpopulation; increased ethical expectations11.The most dramatic force shaping business today is the _____ environment.6 6–natural–technological –economic –political12.Which country leads the world in research and development spending?–United States –Japan –China –Germany13.Legislation affecting business has _____ over the years.–increased steadily –decreased slightly –remained steady –grown immensely14.This legislation prohibits Web sites or online services from collecting personal information from children without parental consent.–Wheeler-Lea Act –Child Protection Act–Children’s Internet Protection Act –Children’s Online PrivacyProtection Act15.Which of the following is not one of the reasons business legislation is enacted?–Toprotect companies from eachother–Toprotectcompaniesfromconsumers –To protect consumers from unfair business practices–To protect the interests of society16.A person’s core values and beliefs are often erratic.–True –False(People’s core beliefs andvalues have a high degree of persistence.)17.Which of the following is not one of the ways a society’s values are expressed?–people’s view of history–people’s view of society–people’s view of the universe –people’s view of others18.Recently, observers have noted a shift from a “me society” to a “wesociety.”–True –False19.A woman who drives a hybrid car, consistently recycles, and buys “earth -friendly” products, is acting out her view of _____.–society–organizations –others –nature20.A company has several options with regard to its marketing environment. A strong company takes a(n) _____ approach.–proactive –reactive –ingenuous –peaceful21.A company’s macroenvironment consists of all of the following except _____.–demographic forces –economic forces –competitive forces7 7–none of the above Chapter 41.Managers today often receive_____ information.–too much –too little –irrelevant –both 1 and 32.A _____ consists of the people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyze and distribute accurate information to marketing decision makers.–marketing intelligence system –database mining system–marketing information system –marketing research system3.A marketing information system begins and ends with information from _____.–customers –databases –administrators –users4.The costs of obtaining, processing, storing and delivering information is relatively inexpensive. –True –False(the costs can increasequickly, forcing managers to decide if the information is worth the expense) 5.Which of the following is a problem with using internal databases?–the information was collected foranother reason–theinformation is in the wrong format–the information may be out of date –all of the above6.The goal of _____ is to improve strategic decision making, access and track competitors’ actio ns, and to provide early warning of opportunities and threats.–competitive research analysis –marketing intelligence –information technology –marketing segmentation7. A new source for competitor-supplied information is the Internet.–True –False8.What are the four steps (in order) of the marketing research process?–Define the problem, develop theresearch plan, implement the research plan, survey the participants.–Define the problem, develop theresearch plan, implement the research plan, report the findings.–Define the problem, develop theresearch plan, survey the participants, report the findings.–Developthe research plan,implement the research plan, survey the participants, report the findings. 9.What is the often the hardest step in the marketing research process?–defining the problem–developing the research plan –implementing the research plan –reporting the findings8 810.The objective of _____ is to gatherpreliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest reasons.–causal research–competitive research –descriptive research –exploratory research11._____ consists of information that already exists having been collected prior to the research plan.–Primary data –Secondary data –Exploratory data –Sales research12. Researchers usually start with _____ when developing the research plan.–primary data –secondary data –projection research –sales research13.The three types of research approaches a marketer may use are _____, _____ and _____.–surveys;observations; historicreviews–observations; surveys; databases –observations; experiments; surveys –experiments; databases; surveys14. The most widely used form of primary research and the one best suited for descriptive information is _____–survey research–ethnographic research –observational research –experimental research15. Which type of research is best suited for gathering causal information?–survey research–ethnographic research –observational research –experimental research16.If a marketer wanted to collect large amounts of information at a low cost per respondent, she could use _____.–telephoneinterviews–mail questionnaires –focus groups–approach interviews17.If a marketer wanted to collect information quickly and allow for flexible answers, he should use _____.–telephone interviews –mail questionnaires –focus groups–approach interviews18. Interviewer bias is often greater with _____.–telephone interviews –mail questionnaires –focus groups –online surveys19.If an interviewer wanted to reach the teen market, a fast and low cost method would be to use _____.–telephone interviews –mail questionnaires –focus groups –online surveys20.Which of the following is not one9 9of the decisions a marketer mustmake when designing a sample?–who should be sampled–how many people shouldbesampled–how the people in the sampleshould be chosen–allof the above are important sampling decisions21.One of the biggest challenges facing marketing researchers today is that some consumers believe collecting the research violates their privacy.–True –False Chapter 51. Consumer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final customers. –True –False2. According to the textbook, consumer purchases are strongly influenced by cultural, social,personal and _____ characteristics. –psychological –emotional –physical –economic3._____ is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behavior. –Greed –Fear –Culture –Materialism4. Which of the following is not a value normally presented in the U.S. culture?–achievement –progress–material comfort –collectivism5. Groups of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences are called _____. –cohorts –generations –subcultures –affiliate groups6. The fastest-growing and most affluent subculture in the U.S. is the _____ population. –Hispanic–African American –Asian American –mature7. Social class is determined only by an individual’s income. –True–False (Income is only one of several factors used to determine a person’s social class. Other factors include one’s occupation, education, wealth and type of residence.)8. The _____ is the most important consumer buying organization in society. –school –family–government –business9. Which of the following is not a personal factor that influences a buyer’s decision?10 10–beliefs –age –lifestyle –personality10.The V ALS classification systemmeasures a person’s _____. –income –occupation –lifestyle –personality11. A person’s _____ is his/her unique set of psychological characteristics that are relatively consistent and lasting.–self esteem –self concept –lifestyle –personality12. According to _____, people are largely unconscious about the real psychological forces shaping their behavior.–Abraham Maslow –Bill Gates –Alfred Skinner–Sigmund Freud13.The process of selecting, organizing and interpreting information to form a meaningful picture of the world is referred to as _____.–perception –sensation–subliminal imprinting –rationalization14. When a person changes his/her behavior as a result of an experience, we say that _____ has occurred. –motivation –sensation –learning –perception15.If a person’s attitude reflects one of his/her core values, then the attitude is easy to change. –True–False (Attitudes are difficult to change because they fit into a pattern, and changing one attitude may require difficult adjustments inmany others.)16.A consumer purchasing fine furniture (which is expensive and for which a brand’s name matters) would probably result in _____ buying behavior.–dissonance-reducing –variety-seeking –complex –habitual17._____ buying behavior is characterized by low consumer involvement but significant perceived brand differences.–Dissonance-reducing –V ariety-seeking –Complex –Habitual18.The final step in the buying decision process is _____. –the purchase itself –postpurchase behavior –choosing the product –getting the rebate19. What two factors come betweenthe purchase intention and the purchase decision?–attitudes of others and unexpected situational factor s–attitudes of others and lack of resources–unexpected situational factors and lack of resources–shortages and lack of resources (Note: lack of resources and shortages are examples of unexpected situational factors)20.What are the two largest populations in the adoption process? –innovators and early majority–early adopters and early majority–early majority and late majority–innovators and laggards21. Which of the following does not influence a product’s rate of adoption?–relative advantage–compatibility–divisibility–perceptibility Chapter 61.Business buyer behavior includesretailers and wholesalers who buythings with the purpose of making aprofit.–True–False2. Business markets are _____ thanconsumer markets.–considerably larger–slightly larger–slightly smaller–no different3. The main differences between thebusiness to business (B2B) marketand the business to consumer (B2C)market include all of the followingexcept _____.–the differences in market structureand demand–t hat people assume buying roles–the nature of the buying unit–the types of decisions and thedecision process involved4._____ is demand that ultimatelycomes from the demand for consumergoods.–Consumer demand–Marketing demand–Derived demand–End-user demand5. Which of the following is not acharacteristic of the business market?–Business markets are moregeographically concentrated.–Many business markets haveelastic demand.–Business markets have morefluctuating demand.–Business marketers have far fewerbut larger customers.6. In recent years, relationshipsbetween business customers andsuppliers have grown moreadversarial.（敌对的）–True–False(In recent years, businesscustomers and suppliers have begunworking together more closely as11“partners,” not adversaries.)7.Which of the following is not one of the major types of buying situations faced by business buyers? –straight rebuy–new task buy–online rebuy–modified rebuy8. Which of the business buyer purchase decisions offers the greatest opportunities and the greatest challenges for marketers?–straight rebuy–new task buy–modified rebuy–Both 2 and 39. The decision-making unit of a buying organization is called its _____.–buying center–purchasing department–head office–marketing department10.The _____ role in the purchase decision process is to control the flow of information to others.–buyer’s–gatekeeper’s–influencer’s–decider’s11. A business buying center is afixed and formally identified unitwithin the buying organization.–True–Fals e (The buying center is not afixed and formal unit in the businessbuying organization. It fluctuates asdifferent people are needed to makedifferent purchases.)12. When competing products varygreatly, business buyers pay moreattention to _____ factors.–economic–personal–organizational–interpersonal13.Shortages in key materials is animportant _____ factor.–organizational–individual–environmental–interpersonal14. Individual factors are affected byall of the following except _____.–buyer’s attitude toward risk–buyer’s income–buyer’s buying style–all of the above affect individualfactors15.Once a business buyer determinesa problem or need, the next step inthe business buying process is to_____.–begin a supplier search–solicit suppliers’ proposals–determine a general needdescription–make a purchase16.The 8-stage buyer decision modelwould most likely be used for a_____ buying decision.–straight rebuy–new task–online–modified rebuy1217.E-procurement is being used by _____ of business buyers today.–33%–50%–75%–90%18.Which of the following is not one of the benefits of business to business e-procurement?–reduced transaction costs for suppliers–reduced transaction time between order and delivery–enhanced relationships between decades-old （new）suppliers and customers–increased time for purchasers to focus on strategic issues19.The _____ consists of schools, hospitals, nursing homes and prisons that provide goods and services to people in their care.–government market–institutional market–non-profit market –organizational market20.Unlike business markets,government markets are closelywatched by outside publics.–True–FalseChapter 71.What is the first step in targetmarketing?–market positioning–market segmentation–target marketing–none of the above2.Which of the following steps oftarget marketing takes into accountcompetitors’ offerings to the market?–market positioning–market segmentation–market targeting–all of the above3.Which of the following is not a wayto segment consumer markets?–geographic segmentation–psychographic segmentation–demographic segmentation–all of the above are ways tosegment the consumer market4.Of the four main types ofsegmentation bases used to segmentconsumer markets, _____ is the mostpopular.–geographic segmentation–psychographic segmentation–demographic segmentation–behavioral segmentation5.A marketer selling differentofferings in different communitieswould be using _____ segmentation.–geographic–psychographic–demographic–behavioral6.Marketers selling luxury cars oftenuse income as a segmenting variable.Income is one component of _____segmentation.–geographic–psychographic–demographic13–behavioral7.Social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics are three components of _____ segmentation. –geographic–psychographic–demographic–behavioral8.Many marketers believe that _____ variables are the best starting point for building market segments.–geographic–psychographic–demographic–behavioral9.Marketers usually limit their segmentation analysis to behavioral variables.–True–False (Marketers will use a variety of variables to identify smaller, better-defined, target groups.)10.Marketers believe that buying behavior and _____ provide the best basis for segmenting business markets.–operating characteristics–situational factors–benefits sought–personal characteristics11.Segmenting international marketson the basis of geographic, economic,political and cultural factors is calledintermarket segmentation.–True–False (Intermarket segmentation isforming segments of consumers invarious countries who have similarneeds and buying behavior.)12.In order to be useful, marketsegments need to be which of thefollowing?–differentiable–accessible–substantial–all of the above13.Which of the following structuralfactors is not related to a segment’sattractiveness?–the presence of strongcompetitors in the segment–the existence of potential substituteproducts–the lack of raw materials–a number of powerful suppliers14.When using a _____ marketingstrategy, a firm decides to targetseveral segments and designs separateoffers for each.–differentiated–concentrated–mass–micro15.Micromarketing includes _____and _____.–local marketing; niche marketing–local marketing; individualmarketing–niche marketing; concentratedmarketing–individual marketing; concentratedmarketing16.This type of micromarketing isalso known as one-to-one marketingor mass customization.14–local marketing–tailored marketing–niche marketing–individual marketing17.If a beer manufacturer were to place a commercial on a TV show that was predominantly viewed by children, it could be considered using _____.–socially irresponsible targeting–socially responsible targeting–adult targeting–niche targeting18.A product’s _____is the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes relative to the competition.–image–equity–position–value19.A firm that practices _____ differentiation gains competitive advantage by the way it designs its channel coverage. –services–product–people–channel20.Which of the following is apowerful value proposition because itoffers consumers a “good deal”?–more for more–more for the same–the same for less–less for much lessChapter 81.A _____ is anything that can beoffered to a market that might satisfya need or a want.–position–product–promotion–none of the above2.Only tangible goods are consideredproducts.–True–False (Products are more thantangible goods. They can beservices, events, persons, places,ideas, or a mix of these.)3.A visit to a doctor’s office is anexample of a _____.–pure tangible good–pure intangible good–mixture of the two–none of the above4.The most basic level of a product iscalled its _____.–center–value–core benefit–customer5.Consumer products includeconvenience products, shoppingproducts, specialty products, and_____ products.–unique–luxury–unsought–all of the above6._____ products are purchasedfrequently, with little comparison orshopping effort.15。
第一章船舶电台管理_海上无线电(GMDSS)通信业务
2009/11/30Produced by Tangxuhong 1CHAPTER 2ship station management第一章船舶电台管理2009/11/30Produced by Tangxuhong 2第一节无线电人员守则 值班制度保密制度通信纪律交接班制度2009/11/30Produced by Tangxuhong 3第二节电台的分类与标识Categories and Identifications of Radio Station一、电台的分类(Categories of Radio Station)1、电台的定义：为开展无线电通信业务所必需的一台或多台发信机(transmitter)或接收机(receiver)，或发信机与接收机(transceiver)的组合称为电台。
2、从业务种类出发，GMDSS 中涉及的通信业务有：水上移动业务，水上卫星移动业务，港口操作业务，船舶移动业务，航空移动业务。
2009/11/30Produced by Tangxuhong 4按安装地点分，水上移动业务中有:船舶电台（ship station ）、海岸电台（coast station ）、港口电台和航空器电台等；水上卫星移动业务中有:船舶地球站（ship earth station ）、海岸地球站（coast earth station ）、网络协调站（network coordinate station ）等。
2009/11/30Produced by Tangxuhong 5由国际电联（International Telecommunication Union ）分配的用于识别移动电台和海岸电台的字母或字母与数字的组合称为呼号。
１．江、海岸电台的呼号由两个字符和一个字母，或两个字符和一个字母后接不超过三位数字（紧接着字母后面的数字0，1除外）组成。
字符可以是字母或字母与数字的组合。
二、电台的呼号( Call Sign)例：2. 船舶电台的呼号2009/11/30Produced by Tangxuhong 8对仅设置无线电话设备的船舶电台，其呼号由两个字符（若第二个是字母）后加四位数字（紧接着字母后面的数字0，1除外）;或两个字符和一个字母后加四位数字（紧接着字母后面的数字0，1除外）组成。
Management Information System(Chapter1-2)管理信息系统双语教学课件
Channels of communication
1. 2. 3. 4. Telephone Written reports Face-to-face Newspapers, journals, magazines 5. Internet (email, QQ, MSN,
Workgroup, Activity Directory, BBS and so on)
Others about the Unit
1. Unit Time: 60 hours 2. Unit Credit: 4 credits 3. Material Required for this Unit:
/zh-cn/powerpoint/FX100487762052.aspx
中文定义全文:
How dose a system work?
系统工作流程图
Input Process Output
Feedback loop
Monitored and ensure that systems are effective
What is a formal system?
一个正式的系统要具备:
Information flows within organization
1. Vertical information flows
2. Horizontal information flows
Thபைடு நூலகம் factors affect internal information flows
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The structure of the organization Overall policy Procedures 公司业务流程 Management style 管理模式 Physical location of other branches 分支机构的地域条件
财务管理(英语)-教学大纲
《财务管理基础（双语）》教学大纲课程编号：课程类型：专业课总学时：32 讲课学时：32 实验（上机）学时：0 学分：2适用对象：先修课程：财务会计、概率与统计一、课程的教学目标Financial management is a foundation course for undergraduate students in accounting school. Financial management draws on the knowledge acquired in other areas of accounting, including terms and concepts from the fields of financial accounting, managerial economics, and quantitative methods. A solid understanding of basic mathematics and its application in business contexts is required.Financial management emphasizes on the major decisions made by financial executives of an organization. Topics introduced in this course include the following: • Financial planning• Working capital management• Capital budgeting• Strategic decision making• Cost of capital• Security valuation二、教学基本要求1.Teaching RequirementsFirstly, a learning bridge between theory and practice should be built. While teaching, teachers should emphasize on the financial theories and the role in guiding practice. The ability of using theory knowledge to analysis typical financial cases andsolve practical problems should be trained. Thirdly, a variety of teaching methods should be used. Theory teaching should combine with case study and classroom teaching should combine with students’self-study. Various learning methods are encouraged to be adopted to help students to consolidate the learned knowledge.2. Selection Principles of Teaching MaterialsThe content of teaching materials should cover the main points and basic methods of corporate finance and the framework of teaching materials should be universally accepted in China. However, the framework of the teaching materials should be strict in structure and have a clear logic relationship. While explaining the basic theories and methods of finance, the teaching materials should combine those theories with practice to conform the trend. The latest development of corporate finance should also be included in the teaching materials.3. Teaching Method and Grade sTeaching Method: While teaching, the key points should be focused and difficult points should be taught clearly. Modern means of teaching are encouraged to be used. Exercises are used to help students to prepare and review the lessons. Extra newspapers, magazines and website should be provided, and students are encouraged to use these channels to collect information combined with theory principles learned in the class to analyze and solve practical problems. Homework are required to be completed by individuals or discussed in groups according to the difficulty of the problems.Grades:Homework and test in classroom: 30%;Final Examination: 70%.三、各教学环节学时分配教学课时分配四、教学内容Part 1 Introduction of Financial ManagementChapter 1 The Role of Financial ManagementWhat is Financial Management?The Goal of the FirmCorporate GovernanceOrganization of the Financial Management FunctionKey Learning Points：What is Financial Management?The Goal of the FirmObjectives：After Studying Chapter 1, you should be able to: Explain why the role of the financial manager today is so important. Describe "financial management" in terms of the three major decision areas that confront the financial manager.Identify the goal of the firm and understand why shareholders' wealth maximization is preferred over other goals. Understand the potential problems arising when management of the corporation and ownership are separated (i.e., agency problems). Demonstrate an understanding of corporate governance.Discuss the issues underlying social responsibility of the firm. Understand the basic responsibilities of financial managers and the differences between a "treasurer" and a "controller."Questions：1. If all companies had an objective of maximizing shareholder wealth, would people over-all tend to be better or worse off?2. Contrast the objective of maximizing earnings with that of maximizing wealth.3. What is financial management all about?4. Explain why judging the efficiency of any financial decision requires the existence of a goal?5. What are the three major function of the financial manager? How are they related?6. Should the managers of a company own sizable amounts of common stock in the company? Why are the pros and cons?7. As an investor, do you think that some managers are paid too much? Do their rewards come at your expense?8. How does the notion of risk and reward govern the behavior of financial managers?9. What is corporate governance? What role does a corporation’s board of directors play in corporate governance?10. Compare and contrast the role that a firm’s treasurer and controller have in the operation of the firm.Chapter 2 The Business, Tax, and Financial EnvironmentsThe Business EnvironmentThe Tax EnvironmentThe Financial EnvironmentKey Learning Points：The Tax EnvironmentThe Financial EnvironmentObjectives：After Studying Chapter 2, you should be able to: Describe the four basic forms of business organization in the United States – and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Understand how to calculate a corporation's taxable income and how to determine the corporate tax rate - both average and marginal. Understand various methods of depreciation. Understand why acquiring assets through the use of debt financing offers a tax advantage over both common and preferred stock financing. Describe the purpose and make up of financial markets. Demonstrate an understanding of how letter ratings of the major rating agencies help you to judge a security’s default risk. Understand what is meant by the term “term structure of interest rates”and relate it to a “yield curve.”Questions：1. What is the principal advantage of the corporate form of business organization? Discuss the importance of this advantage to the owner of a small family restaurant. Discuss the importance of this advantage to a wealthy entrepreneur who owns several businesses.2. What are some of the disadvantages of (a) a sole proprietorship? (b) a partnership? (c) a limited liability company (LLC)?3. Are individual tax rates progressive or regressive in the sense of increasing or decreasing with income levels?4. The method of depreciation does not alter the total amount deducted from income during the life of an asset. What does it alter and why is that important?5. What is the purpose of financial markets? How can this purpose be accomplished efficiently?6. What is meant by making the financial markets more efficient? More complete?7. What are the major sources of external financing for business firms?8. In addition to financial intermediaries, what other institutions andarrangements facilitate the flow of funds to and from business firms?Part 2 ValuationChapter 3 The Time Value of MoneyThe Interest RateSimple InterestCompound InterestAmortizing a LoanCompounding More Than Once per YearKey Learning Points：Simple InterestCompound InterestObjectives：After Studying Chapter 3, you should be able to: Understand what is meant by "the time value of money." Understand the relationship between present and future value. Describe how the interest rate can be used to adjust the value of cash flows – both forward and backward – to a single point in time. Calculate both the future and present value of: (a) an amount invested today; (b) a stream of equal cash flows (an annuity); and (c) a stream of mixed cash flows.Distinguish between an “ordinary annuity” and an “annuity due.” Use interest factor tables and understand how they provide a shortcut to calculating present and future values. Use interest factor tables to find an unknown interest rate or growth rate when the number of time periods and future and present values are known. Build an “amortization schedule” for an installment-style loan.Questions：1. What is simple interest?2. What is compound interest? Why is it important?3. What kinds of personal financial decisions have you made that involve compound interest?4. What is an annuity? Is an annuity worth more or less than a lump sum payment received now that would be equal to the sum of all the future annuity payment?5. What type of compounding would you prefer in your savings account? Why?6. Contrast the calculation of future (terminal) value with the calculation of present value. What is the difference?7. What is the advantage of using present value tables rather than formulas? Chapter 4 The Valuation of Long-Term SecuritiesDistinctions Among Valuation ConceptsBond ValuationPreferred Stock ValuationCommon Stock ValuationRates of Return (or Yields)Key Learning Points：Bond ValuationPreferred Stock ValuationCommon Stock ValuationObjectives：After Studying Chapter 4, you should be able to: Distinguish among the various terms used to express value. Value bonds, preferred stocks, and common stocks. Calculate the rates of return (or yields) of different types of long-term securities. List and explain a number of observations regarding the behavior of bond prices.Questions：1. What connection, if any, does a firm’s market value have with its liquidationand/or going-concern value?2. Could a security’s intrinsic value to an investor ever differ from the security’s market value? If so, under what circumstances?3. In what sense is the treatment of bonds and preferred stock the same when it comes to valuation?4. A20-year bond has a coupon rate of 8%, and another bond of the same maturity has a coupon rate of 15%. If the bonds are alike in all other respects, which will have the greater relative market price decline if interests increase sharply? Why?5. Why are dividends the basis for the valuation of common stock?6. Why is the growth rate in earnings and dividends of a company likely to taper off in the future? Could the growth rate increase as well? If it did, what would be the effect on stock price?7. Using the constant perpetual growth dividend valuation model, could you havea situation in which a company grows at 30% per year (after subtracting out inflation) forever? Explain.Chapter 5 Risk and ReturnDefining Risk and ReturnUsing Probability Distributions to Measure RiskAttitudes Toward RiskRisk and Return in a Portfolio ContextDiversificationThe Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Efficient Financial MarketsKey Learning Points：Using Probability Distributions to Measure RiskAttitudes Toward RiskDiversificationThe Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Objectives：After Studying Chapter 5, you should be able to: Understand the relationship (or “trade-off”) between risk and return. Define risk and return and show how to measure them by calculating expected return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Discuss the different types of investor attitudes toward risk. Explain risk and return in a portfolio context, and distinguish between individual security and portfolio risk. Distinguish between avoidable (unsystematic) risk and unavoidable (systematic) risk and explain how proper diversification can eliminate one of these risks. Define and explain the capital-asset pricing model (CAPM), beta, and the characteristic line. Calculate a required rate of return using the capital-asset pricing model (CAPM). Demonstrate how the Security Market Line (SML) can be used to describe this relationship between expected rate of return and systematic risk. Explain what is meant by an “efficient financial market” and describe the three levels (or forms) of market efficiency.Questions：1. If investors were not risk averse on average, but rather were either risk indifferent (neutral) or even liked risk, would the risk- return concepts presented in this chapter be valid?2. Define the characteristic line and its beta.3. Why is beta a measure of systematic risk? What is its meaning?4. What is the required rate of return of a stock? How can it be measured?5. Is the security market line constant over time? Why or why not?6. Suppose that you are highly risk averse but that you still invest in common stocks. Will the beta of the stocks in which you invest be more or less than 1.0? Why?7. If a security is undervalued in terms of the capital-asset pricing model, whatwill happen if investors come to recognize this undervaluation?Part 3 Tools of Financial Analysis and PlanningChapter 6 Financial Statement AnalysisFinancial StatementsA Possible Framework for AnalysisBalance Sheet RatiosIncome Statement and Income/Balance Sheet RatiosTrend AnalysisCommon-Size and Index AnalysisKey Learning Points：Balance Sheet RatiosIncome Statement and Income/Balance Sheet RatiosObjectives：After Studying Chapter 6, you should be able to: Understand the purpose of basic financial statements and their contents. Understand what is meant by “convergence” in acco unting standards. Explain why financial statement analysis is important to the firm and to outside suppliers of capital. Define, calculate, and categorize (according to liquidity, financial leverage, coverage, activity, and profitability) the major financial ratios and understand what they can tell us about the firm. Define, calculate, and discuss a firm’s operating cycle and cash cycle. Use ratios to analyze a firm's health and then recommend reasonable alternative courses of action to improve the health of the firm.Analyze a firm’s return on investment (i.e., “earning power”) and return on equity using a DuPont approach. Understand the limitations of financial ratio analysis. Use trend analysis, common-size analysis, and index analysis to gainadditional insights into a firm's performance.Questions：1. What is the purpose of a balance sheet? An income statement?2. Why is the analysis of trends in financial ratios important?3. Auxier Manufacturing Company has a current ratio of 4 to 1 but is unable to pay its bills. Why?4. Can a firm generate a 25% return on assets and still be technically insolvent (unable to pay its bills)? Explain.5. The traditional definitions of collection period and inventory turnover are criticized because in both cases balance sheet figures that are a result of approximately the last month of sales are related to annual sales (in the former case) or annual cost of goods sold (in the latter case). Why do these definitions present problems? Suggest a solution.6. Explain why a long-term creditor should be interested in liquidity ratios?7. Which financial ratios would you be most likely to consult if you were the following?a. A banker considering the financial of seasonal inventoryb. A wealthy equity investorc. The manager of a pension fund considering the purchase of a firm’sbondsd. The president of a consumer products firm8. In trying to judge whether a company has too much debt, what financial ratios would you use and for that purpose?9. Why might it be possible for a company to make large operating profits, yet still be unable to meet debt payments when due? What financial ratios might be employed to detect such a condition?10. Does increasing a firm’s inventory turnover ratio increase its profitability? Why should this ratio be computed using cost of goods sold (rather than sales, asis done by some compilers of financial statistics)?Chapter 7 Fund Analysis, Cash-Flow Analysis, and Financial Planning Flow of Funds (Sources and Uses) StatementAccounting Statement of Cash FlowsCash-Flow ForecastingRange of Cash-Flow EstimatesForecasting Financial StatementsKey Learning Points：Forecasting Financial StatementsObjectives：After Studying Chapter 7, you should be able to: Explain the difference between the flow of funds (sources and uses of funds) statement and the statement of cash flows –and understand the benefits of using each. Define "funds" and identify sources and uses of funds. Create a sources and uses of funds statement, make adjustments, and analyze the final results. Describe the purpose and content of the statement of cash flows as well as implications that can be drawn from it. Prepare a cash budget from forecasts of sales, receipts, and disbursements – and know why such a budget should be flexible. Develop forecasted balance sheets and income statements. Understand the importance of using probabilistic information in forecasting financial statements and evaluating a firm's condition.Questions：1. Contrast flow of funds (sources and uses) statements with cash budgets as planning tools.2. What is the purpose of a statement of cash flow?3. Discuss the benefits that can be derived by the firm from cash budgeting.4. Explain why selling inventory to credit customers is considered a source offunds when in fact no “funds” were generated?5. Is depreciation a source of funds? Under what conditions might the “source”dry up?6. Why do bankers closely analyze cash flow statements and/or sources and usesof funds statements in considering credit applications?7. What are the major points of difference between a cash budget and the sourcesand uses of funds statement?8. On what items should the financial manager concentrate in order to improvethe accuracy of the cash budget? Explain your reasoning.9. Why is the sales forecast so important in preparing the cash budget?10. What are the two principal ways by which one can prepare forecast financialstatements?Part 4 Working Capital ManagementChapter 8 Overview of Working Capital ManagementWorking Capital ConceptsWorking Capital IssuesFinancing Current Assets: Short-Term and Long-Term MixCombining Liability Structure and Current Asset DecisionsKey Learning Points：Working Capital ConceptsCombining Liability Structure and Current Asset DecisionsObjectives：After Studying Chapter 8, you should be able to: Explain how the definition of "working capital" differs between financial analysts and accountants. Understand the two fundamental decision issues in working capital management –and the trade-offs involved in making these decisions. Discusshow to determine the optimal level of current assets. Describe the relationship between profitability, liquidity, and risk in the management of working capital. Explain how to classify working capital according to its “components” and according to “time” (i.e., either p ermanent or temporary). Describe the hedging (maturity matching) approach to financing and the advantages/disadvantages of short- versus long-term financing. Explain how the financial manager combines the current asset decision with the liability structure decision.Questions：1. What does working capital management encompass? What functional decisions are involved, and what underlying principle or trade-off influences the decision process?2. Utilities hold 10% of total assets in current assets; retail trade industries hold 60% of total assets in current assets. Explain how industry characteristics account for this difference.3. Distinguish between “temporary” and “permanent” working capital.4. If the firm adopts a hedging (maturity matching) approach to financing, how would it finance its current assets?5. Some firms finance their permanent working capital with short-term liabilities (commercial paper and short-term notes). Explain the impact of this decision on the profitability and risk of these firms.6. Suppose that a firm finances its seasonal (temporary) current assets with long-term funds. What is the impact of this decision on the profitability and risk of this firm?7. At times, long-term interest rates are lower than short-term rates, yet the discussion in the chapter suggests that long-term financing is more expensive. If long-term rates are lower, should the firm finance itself entirely with long-term debt?8. How does shortening the maturity composition of outstanding debt increase the firm’s risk? Why does increasing the liquidity of the firm’s assets reduce the risk?9. What are the costs of maintaining too large a level of working capital? Too small a level of working capital?10. How is a margin of safety provided for in working capital management? Chapter 9 Cash and Marketable Securities ManagementMotives for Holding CashSpeeding Up Cash ReceiptsS-l-o-w-i-n-g D-o-w-n Cash PayoutsElectronic CommerceOutsourcingCash Balances to MaintainInvestment in Marketable SecuritiesKey Learning Points：Cash Balances to MaintainInvestment in Marketable SecuritiesObjectives：After Studying Chapter 9, you should be able to: List and explain the motives for holding cash. Understand the purpose of efficient cash management. Describe methods for speeding up the collection of accounts receivable and methods for controlling cash disbursements. Differentiate between remote and controlled disbursement, and discuss any ethical concerns raised by either of these two methods. Discuss how electronic data interchange (EDI) and outsourcing each relates to a company’s cash collections and disbursements. Identify the key variables that should be considered before purchasing any marketable securities. Define the most common money-market instruments that a marketable securities portfolio manager would consider for investment.Describe the three segments of the marketable securities portfolio and note which securities are most appropriate for each segment and why. Questions：1. Define the function of cash management?2. Explain the concept of concentration banking.3. Explain how the lockbox system can improve the efficiency of cash management.4. Money market instruments are used as investment vehicles for otherwise idle cash. Discuss the most important criterion for asset selection in investing temporarily idle cash.5. Discuss the impact of lockbox banking on corporate cash balance.6. What are compensating ban balance, and why are they not the same for all depositors?7. What is net float? How might a company “play the float” in its disbursements?8. Under what conditions would it be possible for a company to hold no cash or marketable securities? Are these conditions realistic?9. What are the three motives for holding cash?10. What is outsourcing? Why might a company outsource some or all of its cash management processes? What is business processing outsourcing (BPO)? Chapter 10 Accounts Receivable and Inventory ManagementCredit and Collection PoliciesAnalyzing the Credit ApplicantInventory Management and ControlKey Learning Points：Analyzing the Credit ApplicantInventory Management and ControlObjectives：After Studying Chapter 10, you should be able to: List the key factors that can be varied in a firm's credit policy and understand the trade-off between profitability and costs involved. Understand how the level of investment in accounts receivable is affected by the firm's credit policies. Critically evaluate proposed changes in credit policy, including changes in credit standards, credit period, and cash discount. Describe possible sources of information on credit applicants and how you might use the information to analyze a credit applicant. Identify the various types of inventories and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of increasing/decreasing inventories. Describe, explain, and illustrate the key concepts and calculations necessary for effective inventory management and control, including classification, economic order quantity (EOQ), order point, safety stock, and just-in-time (JIT).Questions：1. Is it always good policy to reduce the firm’s bad debts by “getting rid of the deadbeats”?2. Is an increase in the collection period necessarily bad? Explain.3. What are the principal factors that can be varied in setting credit policy?4. If credit standards for the quality of accounts accepted are changed, what things are affected?5. Why is the saturation point reached in spending money on collections?6. What is the purpose of establishing a line of credit for an account? What are the benefits of this arrangement?7. The analysis of inventory policy is analogous to the analysis of credit policy. Propose a measure to analyze inventory policy that is analogous to the aging of accounts receivable.8. What are the principal implications to the financial manager of ordering costs, storage costs, and cost of capital as they relate to inventory?9. Explain how efficient inventory management affects the liquidity and profitability of the firm.10. How can the firm reduce its investment in inventories? What costs might the firm incur from a policy of very low inventory investment?11. Do inventories represent an investment in the same sense as fixed assets?12. Should the required rate of return for investment in inventories of raw materials be the same as that for finished goods?Chapter 11 Short-Term FinancingSpontaneous FinancingNegotiated FinancingFactoring Accounts ReceivableComposition of Short-Term FinancingKey Learning Points：Factoring Accounts ReceivableComposition of Short-Term FinancingObjectives：After Studying Chapter 11, you should be able to: Understand the sources and types of spontaneous financing. Calculate the annual cost of trade credit when trade discounts are forgone. Explain what is meant by "stretching payables" and understand its potential drawbacks. Describe various types of negotiated (or external) short-term borrowing. Identify the factors that affect the cost of short-term borrowing. Calculate the effective annual interest rate on short-term borrowing with or without a compensating balance requirement and/or a commitment fee. Understand what is meant by factoring accounts receivable.Questions：1. Explain why trade credit from suppliers is a “Spontaneous source of funds”.2. Trade credit from suppliers is very costly source of funds when discounts arelost. Explain why many firms rely on this source of funds to finance their temporary working capital.3. Suppose that a firm elected to tighten its trade credit policy from “2/10, net 90”to “2/3f0”. What effect could the firm expect this change to have on its liquidity?4. Why are accrued expenses a more spontaneous source of financing than tradecredit from suppliers?5. Why is the rate on commercial paper usually less than the prime rate chargedby bankers and more than the Treasury bill rate?6. Why would a firm borrow bank funds at higher rates instead of issuingcommercial papers?7. Who is able to issue commercial paper and for what purpose?8. How do bankers’acceptances differ from commercial paper as a means offinancing?9. Compare and contrast a line of credit and a revolving credit agreement.10. Would you rather have your loan on a “collect basis” or a “discount basis” ifyou were a borrower, all other things being the same? If you were a lender?11. What determines whether a lending arrangement is unsecured or secured?12. As a lender, how would you determine the percentage you are willing toadvance against a particular type of collateral?13. As a financial consultant to a company, how would you go aboutrecommending whether to use an assignment of accounts receivable or a factoring arrangement?14. In choosing the composition of short-term financing, what factors should beconsidered?Part 5 Investment in Capital Assets。
管理信息系统(原书第15版) A02_LAUD97_SE_FM[2页]
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Better Data Management Helps the U.S. Postal Service Rebound New York City Moves to Data-Driven Crime Fighting Keurig Green Mountain Embraces Data Governance Can We Trust Big Data?
Chapter 9: Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications
Skullcandy Rocks with ERP in the Cloud Logistics and Transportation Management at LG Electronics Customer Relationship Management Helps Celcom Become Number One How Supply Chain Management Problems Killed Target Canada
Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
EasyJet Flies High with Cloud Computing Wearable Computers Change How We Work Computing Takes Off in the Cloud BYOD: Business Opportunity or Big Headache?
Chapter_1__Introduction_to_Supply_Chain_Management
Background Emerging new channel Standardization of product and tech Severe competition Speed management Internet booming Shorter product life cycle
Supply Chain Management
Yuhua Zhang
Professor of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Tel: 020-39328850 E-mail: zhyh58@
Chapter1 Introduction to Supply Chain Management Chapter2 Logistics Network Configuration Chapter3 Inventory Management, Supply Contracts and Risk Pooling Chapter4 The Value of Information Chapter5 Supply Chain Integration Chapter6 Strategic Alliances Chapter7 Procurement and Outsourcing Chapter8 International Issues in SCM Chapter9 Design for Supply Chain Management Chapter10 Pricing and Customer Value
北大光华组织与管理week2
Learning Objectives (cont.)
You should learn to: – Summarize the quantitative approach to management – Describe the contributions of the early organizational behavior advocates – Explain the importance of the Hawthorne Studies to management – Describe the effects of: globalization, workforce diversity, entrepreneurship, e-business, flexibility and innovation, quality management, learning organizations, and workplace spirituality
Scientific Management: --one best way --code, analyze, and describe each job --initiative from management --material incentive
EXHIBIT 2.2: TAYLOR’S FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
2-7
Scientific Management
F.W. Taylor - Principles of Scientific Management
– use of scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done
行政管理第二章(国际management经典教程英文原版)
management and workers.
Four Principles of Scientific Management
1) Study the ways jobs are performed now and determine new ways to do them. Gather detailed time and motion information. Try different methods to see which is best.
Job Specialization and the Division of Labor
Adam Smith (18th century economist) Realized that job specialization resulted in much higher efficiency and productivity Breaking down the total job allowed for the division of labor in which workers became very skilled at their specific tasks.
3) Select workers whose skills match the rules.
4) Establish fair levels of performance and pay a premium for higher performance. Workers should benefit from higher output
Frederick W Taylor (1856 – 1917)
公司理财精要版原书第12版习题库答案Ross12e_Chapter02_TB
Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 12e (Ross)Chapter 2 Financial Statements, Taxes, and Cash Flow1) Which one of the following is classified as a tangible fixed asset?A) Accounts receivableB) Production equipmentC) CashD) PatentE) Inventory2) Which one of the following is a current asset?A) Accounts payableB) TrademarkC) Accounts receivableD) Notes payableE) Equipment3) Which one of the following is included in a firm's market value but yet is excluded from the firm's accounting value?A) Real estate investmentB) Good reputation of the companyC) Equipment owned by the firmD) Money due from a customerE) An item held by the firm for future sale4) Which one of the following is a current liability?A) Note payable to a supplier in 13 monthsB) Amount due from a customer in two weeksC) Account payable to a supplier that is due next weekD) Loan payable to the bank in 18 monthsE) Amount due from a customer that is past due5) Which one of the following will decrease the value of a firm's net working capital?A) Using cash to pay a supplierB) Depreciating an assetC) Collecting an accounts receivableD) Purchasing inventory on creditE) Selling inventory at a loss6) Which one of the following statements concerning net working capital is correct?A) Net working capital increases when inventory is purchased with cash.B) Net working capital excludes inventory.C) Total assets must increase if net working capital increases.D) Net working capital may be a negative value.E) Net working capital is the amount of cash a firm currently has available for spending.7) Which one of the following statements concerning net working capital is correct?A) A firm's ability to meet its current obligations increases as the firm's net working capital decreases.B) An increase in net working capital must also increase current assets.C) Net working capital increases when inventory is sold for cash at a profit.D) Firms with equal amounts of net working capital are also equally liquid.E) Net working capital is a part of the operating cash flow.8) Which one of the following accounts is the most liquid?A) InventoryB) BuildingC) Accounts ReceivableD) EquipmentE) Land9) Which one of the following represents the most liquid asset?A) $100 account receivable that is discounted and collected for $96 todayB) $100 of inventory that is sold today on credit for $103C) $100 of inventory that is discounted and sold for $97 cash todayD) $100 of inventory that is sold today for $100 cashE) $100 of accounts receivable that will be collected in full next week10) Which one of the following statements related to liquidity is correct?A) Liquid assets tend to earn a high rate of return.B) Liquid assets are valuable to a firm.C) Liquid assets are defined as assets that can be sold quickly regardless of the price obtained.D) Inventory is more liquid than accounts receivable because inventory is tangible.E) Any asset that can be sold is considered liquid.11) Shareholders' equity:A) is referred to as a firm's financial leverage.B) is equal to total assets plus total liabilities.C) decreases whenever new shares of stock are issued.D) includes patents, preferred stock, and common stock.E) represents the residual value of a firm.12) As the degree of financial leverage increases, the:A) probability a firm will encounter financial distress increases.B) amount of a firm's total debt decreases.C) less debt a firm has per dollar of total assets.D) number of outstanding shares of stock increases.E) accounts payable balance decreases.13) The book value of a firm is:A) equivalent to the firm's market value provided that the firm has some fixed assets.B) based on historical cost.C) generally greater than the market value when fixed assets are included.D) more of a financial than an accounting valuation.E) adjusted to the market value whenever the market value exceeds the stated book value.14) The value of which one of the following is included in the market value of a firm but is excluded from the firm's book value?A) Office equipmentB) CopyrightC) Distribution warehouseD) Employee's experienceE) Land acquired over 25 years ago15) You recently purchased a grocery store. At the time of the purchase, the store's market value and its book value were equal. The purchase included the building, fixtures, and inventory. Which one of the following is most apt to cause the market value of this store to be less than its book value?A) A sudden and unexpected increase in inflationB) The replacement of old inventory items with more desirable productsC) Improvements to the surrounding area by other store ownersD) Construction of a new restricted access highway located between the store and the surrounding residential areasE) Addition of a stop light at the main entrance to the store's parking lot16) Which one of the following is the financial statement that shows the accounting value of a firm's equity as of a particular date?A) Income statementB) Creditor's statementC) Balance sheetD) Statement of cash flowsE) Dividend statement17) Net working capital is defined as:A) total liabilities minus shareholders' equity.B) current liabilities minus shareholders' equity.C) fixed assets minus long-term liabilities.D) total assets minus total liabilities.E) current assets minus current liabilities.18) Which one of these sets forth the common set of standards and procedures by which audited financial statements are prepared?A) Matching principleB) Cash flow identityC) Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesD) Financial Accounting Reporting PrinciplesE) Standard Accounting Value Guidelines19) Which one of the following is the financial statement that summarizes a firm's revenue and expenses over a period of time?A) Income statementB) Balance sheetC) Statement of cash flowsD) Tax reconciliation statementE) Market value report20) Noncash items refer to:A) fixed expenses.B) inventory items purchased using credit.C) the ownership of intangible assets such as patents.D) expenses that do not directly affect cash flows.E) sales that are made using store credit.21) Which one of the following is true according to generally accepted accounting principles?A) Depreciation is recorded based on the market value principle.B) Income is recorded based on the realization principle.C) Costs are recorded based on the realization principle.D) Depreciation is recorded based on the recognition principle.E) Costs of goods sold are recorded based on the recognition principle.22) Which one of these is most apt to be a fixed cost?A) Raw materialsB) Manufacturing wagesC) Management bonusesD) Office salariesE) Shipping and freight23) Which one of the following statements is correct assuming accrual accounting is used?A) The addition to retained earnings is equal to net income plus dividends paid.B) Credit sales are recorded on the income statement when the cash from the sale is collected.C) The labor costs for producing a product are expensed when the product is sold.D) Interest is a non-cash expense.E) Depreciation increases the marginal tax rate.24) The percentage of the next dollar you earn that must be paid in taxes is referred to as the________ tax rate.A) meanB) residualC) totalD) averageE) marginal25) The ________ tax rate is equal to total taxes divided by total taxable income.A) deductibleB) residualC) totalD) averageE) marginal26) Which one of the following statements related to corporate taxes is correct?A) A company's marginal tax rate must be equal to or lower than its average tax rate.B) The tax for a company is computed by multiplying the marginal tax rate times the taxable income.C) Additional income is taxed at a firm's average tax rate.D) The marginal tax rate will always exceed a company's average tax rate.E) The marginal tax rate for a company can be either higher than or equal to the average tax rate.27) Which one of the following statements concerning corporate income taxes is correct for 2018?A) All corporations are exempt from federal taxation.B) Corporations pay no tax on their first $50,000 of income.C) The federal income tax on corporations is a flat-rate tax with the same rate applying to all levels of taxable income.D) The marginal tax rate will always be lower than the average tax rate.E) The first 25 percent of corporate income is exempt from taxation.28) The cash flow that is available for distribution to a corporation's creditors and stockholders is called the:A) operating cash flow.B) net capital spending.C) net working capital.D) cash flow from assets.E) cash flow to stockholders.29) Which term relates to the cash flow that results from a company's ongoing, normal business activities?A) Operating cash flowB) Capital spendingC) Net working capitalD) Cash flow from assetsE) Cash flow to creditors30) Cash flow from assets is also known as the firm's:A) capital structure.B) equity structure.C) hidden cash flow.D) free cash flow.E) historical cash flow.31) The cash flow related to interest payments less any net new borrowing is called the:A) operating cash flow.B) capital spending cash flow.C) net working capital.D) cash flow from assets.E) cash flow to creditors.32) Cash flow to stockholders is defined as:A) the total amount of interest and dividends paid during the past year.B) the change in total equity over the past year.C) cash flow from assets plus the cash flow to creditors.D) operating cash flow minus the cash flow to creditors.E) dividend payments less net new equity raised.33) Which one of the following is an expense for accounting purposes but is not an operating cash flow for financial purposes?A) Interest expenseB) TaxesC) Cost of goods soldD) Labor costsE) Administrative expenses34) Depreciation for a tax-paying firm:A) increases expenses and lowers taxes.B) increases the net fixed assets as shown on the balance sheet.C) reduces both the net fixed assets and the costs of a firm.D) is a noncash expense that increases the net income.E) decreases net fixed assets, net income, and operating cash flows.35) Which one of the following statements related to an income statement is correct?A) Interest expense increases the amount of tax due.B) Depreciation does not affect taxes since it is a non-cash expense.C) Net income is distributed to dividends and paid-in surplus.D) Taxes reduce both net income and operating cash flow.E) Interest expense is included in operating cash flow.36) Which one of the following statements is correct concerning a corporation with taxable income of $125,000?A) Taxable income minus dividends paid will equal the ending retained earnings for the year.B) An increase in depreciation will increase the operating cash flow.C) Net income divided by the number of shares outstanding will equal the dividends per share.D) Interest paid will be included in both net income and operating cash flow.E) An increase in the tax rate will increase both net income and operating cash flow.37) Which one of the following will increase the cash flow from assets, all else equal?A) Decrease in cash flow to stockholdersB) Decrease in operating cash flowC) Decrease in the change in net working capitalD) Decrease in cash flow to creditorsE) Increase in net capital spending38) For a tax-paying firm, an increase in ________ will cause the cash flow from assets to increase.A) depreciationB) net capital spendingC) the change in net working capitalD) taxesE) production costs39) Which one of the following must be true if a firm had a negative cash flow from assets?A) The firm borrowed money.B) The firm acquired new fixed assets.C) The firm had a net loss for the period.D) The firm utilized outside funding.E) Newly issued shares of stock were sold.40) An increase in the interest expense for a firm with a taxable income of $123,000 will:A) increase net income.B) increase gross income.C) increase the cash flow from assets.D) decrease the cash flow from equity.E) decrease the operating cash flow.41) Which one of the following is excluded from the cash flow from assets?A) Accounts payableB) InventoryC) SalesD) Interest expenseE) Cost of goods sold42) Net capital spending:A) is equal to ending net fixed assets minus beginning net fixed assets.B) is equal to zero if the decrease in the net fixed assets is equal to the depreciation expense.C) reflects the net changes in total assets over a stated period of time.D) is equivalent to the cash flow from assets minus the operating cash flow minus the change in net working capital.E) is equal to the net change in the current accounts.43) Which one of the following statements related to the cash flow to creditors must be correct?A) If the cash flow to creditors is positive, then the firm must have borrowed more money than it repaid.B) If the cash flow to creditors is negative, then the firm must have a negative cash flow from assets.C) A positive cash flow to creditors represents a net cash outflow from the firm.D) A positive cash flow to creditors means that a firm has increased its long-term debt.E) If the cash flow to creditors is zero, then a firm has no long-term debt.44) A positive cash flow to stockholders indicates which one of the following with certainty?A) The dividends paid exceeded the net new equity raised.B) The amount of the sale of common stock exceeded the amount of dividends paid.C) No dividends were distributed, but new shares of stock were sold.D) Both the cash flow to assets and the cash flow to creditors must be negative.E) Both the cash flow to assets and the cash flow to creditors must be positive.45) A firm has $680 in inventory, $2,140 in fixed assets, $210 in accounts receivables, $250 in accounts payable, and $80 in cash. What is the amount of the net working capital?A) $970B) $720C) $640D) $3,110E) $2,86046) A firm has net working capital of $560. Long-term debt is $3,970, total assets are $7,390, and fixed assets are $3,910. What is the amount of the total liabilities?A) $2,050B) $2,920C) $4,130D) $7,950E) $6,89047) A firm has common stock of $6,200, paid-in surplus of $9,100, total liabilities of $8,400,current assets of $5,900, and fixed assets of $21,200. What is the amount of the shareholders' equity?A) $6,900B) $15,300C) $18,700D) $23,700E) $35,50048) Your firm has total assets of $4,900, fixed assets of $3,200, long-term debt of $2,900, and short-term debt of $1,400. What is the amount of net working capital?A) −$100B) $300C) $600D) $1,700E) $1,80049) Bonner Automotive has shareholders' equity of $218,700. The firm owes a total of $141,000 of which 40 percent is payable within the next year. The firm has net fixed assets of $209,800. What is the amount of the net working capital?A) $149,900B) $93,500C) $125,600D) −$47,500E) $56,50050) Four years ago, Ship Express purchased a mailing machine at a cost of $218,000. This equipment is currently valued at $97,400 on today's balance sheet but could actually be sold for $92,900. This is the only fixed asset the firm owns. Net working capital is $41,300 and long-term debt is $102,800. What is the book value of shareholders' equity?A) $31,400B) $47,700C) $35,900D) $249,400E) $253,90051) The What-Not Shop owns the building in which it is located. This building initially cost $647,000 and is currently appraised at $819,000. The fixtures originally cost $148,000 and are currently valued at $65,000. The inventory has a book value of $319,000 and a market value equal to 1.1 times the book value. The shop expects to collect 96 percent of the $21,700 in accounts receivable. The shop has $26,800 in cash and total debt of $414,700. What is the market value of the shop's equity?A) $867,832B) $900,166C) $695,832D) $775,632E) $1,190,33252) The Widget Co. purchased all of its fixed assets three years ago for $4 million. These assets can be sold today for $2 million. The current balance sheet shows net fixed assets of $2,500,000, current liabilities of $1,375,000, and net working capital of $725,000. If all the current assets were liquidated today, the company would receive $1.9 million in cash. The book value of the total assets today is ________ and the market value of those assets is ________.A) $4,600,000; $3,900,000B) $4,600,000; $3,125,000C) $5,000,000; $3,125,000D) $5,000,000; $3,900,000E) $6,500,000; $3,900,00053) JJ Enterprises has inventory of $11,600, fixed assets of $22,400, total liabilities of $12,900, cash of $1,900, accounts receivable of $8,700, and long-term debt of $6,500. What is the net working capital?A) $44,600B) $15,700C) $12,600D) $15,800E) $9,30054) The River Side Stop has a current market value of $26,400 and owes its creditors $31,300. What is the market value of the shareholders' equity?A) −$4,900B) −$5,200C) $0D) $4,900E) $5,20055) Jensen Enterprises paid $700 in dividends and $320 in interest this past year. Common stock remained constant at $6,800 and retained earnings decreased by $180. What is the net income for the year?A) $180B) $520C) $1,020D) $880E) $1,20056) Andre's Bakery has sales of $487,000 with costs of $263,000. Interest expense is $26,000 and depreciation is $42,000. The tax rate is 21 percent. What is the net income?A) $142,750B) $123,240C) $109,000D) $128,700E) $134,55057) Hayes Bakery has sales of $30,600, costs of $15,350, an addition to retained earnings of $4,221, dividends paid of $469, interest expense of $1,300, and a tax rate of 21 percent. What is the amount of the depreciation expense?A) $4,820.13B) $5,500.89C) $8,013.29D) $8,180.01E) $9,500.0058) Last year, Kaylor Equipment had $15,900 of sales, $500 of net new equity, dividend payments of $75, an addition to retained earnings of $418, depreciation of $680, and $511 of interest expense. What are the earnings before interest and taxes at a tax rate of 21 percent?A) $589.46B) $1,135.05C) $1,331.54D) $1,560.85E) $949.4659) Galaxy Interiors income statement shows depreciation of $1,611, sales of $21,415, interest paid of $1,282, net income of $1,374, and costs of goods sold of $16,408. What is the amount of the noncash expenses?A) $2,893B) $1,282C) $740D) $1,611E) $2,35160) Beach Front Industries has sales of $546,000, costs of $295,000, depreciation expense of $37,000, interest expense of $15,000, and a tax rate of 21 percent. The firm paid $59,000 in cash dividends. What is the addition to retained earnings?A) $98,210B) $81,700C) $95,200D) $103,460E) $121,68061) Keisler's has cost of goods sold of $11,518, interest expense of $315, dividends of $420, depreciation of $811, and a change in retained earnings of $296. What is the taxable income given a tax rate of 21 percent?A) $955.38B) $967.78C) $906.33D) $776.41E) $646.1562) What is the average tax rate for a firm with taxable income of $118,740 in 2017?Taxable Income Tax Rate$ 0 - 50,000 15 %50,001 - 75,000 2575,001 - 100,000 34100,001 - 335,000 39A) 26.68 percentB) 34.87 percentC) 24.89 percentD) 36.67 percentE) 39.00 percent63) For 2017, Nevada Mining had projected taxable income of $94,800. Its actual taxable income exceeded this projection by $21,000. How much additional tax did the firm owe due to the $21,000 increase in taxable income?Taxable Income Tax Rate$ 0 - 50,000 15 %50,001 - 75,000 2575,001 - 100,000 34100,001 - 335,000 39A) $7,930B) $8,036C) $8,150D) $7,682E) $8,19764) In 2017, Boyer Enterprises had $76,700 in taxable income. What was the firm's average tax rate for the year?Taxable Income Tax Rate$ 0 - 50,000 15 %50,001 - 75,000 2575,001 - 100,000 34100,001 - 335,000 39A) 28.25 percentB) 18.68 percentC) 26.48 percentD) 20.14 percentE) 29.03 percent65) Winston Industries had sales of $843,800 and costs of $609,900. The company paid $38,200 in interest and $35,000 in dividends. The depreciation was $76,400. The firm has a combined tax rate of 24 percent. What was the addition to retained earnings for the year?A) $55,668B) $57,240C) $61,060D) $56,200E) $68,40066) RTF Oil has total sales of $911,400 and costs of $787,300. Depreciation is $52,600 and the tax rate is 21 percent. The firm is all-equity financed. What is the operating cash flow?A) $108,410B) $108,320C) $109,924D) $106,417E) $109,08567) Nielsen Auto Parts had beginning net fixed assets of $218,470 and ending net fixed assets of $209,411. During the year, assets with a book value of $6,943 were sold. Depreciation for the year was $42,822. What is the amount of net capital spending?A) $33,763B) $40,706C) $58,218D) $65,161E) $67,40868) At the beginning of the year, a firm had current assets of $121,306 and current liabilities of $124,509. At the end of the year, the current assets were $122,418 and the current liabilities were $103,718. What is the change in net working capital?A) −$19,679B) −$11,503C) $19,387D) $15,497E) $21,90369) At the beginning of the year, the long-term debt of a firm was $72,918 and total debt was $138,407. At the end of the year, long-term debt was $68,219 and total debt was $145,838. The interest paid was $6,430. What is the amount of the cash flow to creditors?A) $1,731B) −$1,001C) $11,129D) $13,861E) $19,17270) Ernie's Home Repair had beginning long-term debt of $51,207 and ending long-term debt of $36,714. The beginning and ending total debt balances were $59,513 and $42,612, respectively. The interest paid was $2,808. What is the amount of the cash flow to creditors?A) −$11,685B) −$11,272C) $17,301D) $17,418E) $11,17471) The Daily News has projected annual net income of $272,600, of which 28 percent will be distributed as dividends. Assume the company will have net sales of $75,000 worth of common stock. What will be the cash flow to stockholders if the tax rate is 21 percent?A) −$75,000B) $1,328C) $24,623.52D) $76,328E) $151,32872) The Lakeside Inn had operating cash flow of $48,450. Depreciation was $6,700 and interest paid was $2,480. A net total of $2,620 was paid on long-term debt. The firm spent $24,000 on fixed assets and decreased net working capital by $1,330. What was the amount of the cash flow to stockholders?A) $5,100B) $7,830C) $18,020D) $19,998E) $20,68073) For the past year, Galaxy Interiors had depreciation of $2,419, beginning total assets of $23,616, and ending total assets of $21,878. Current assets decreased by $1,356. What was the amount of net capital spending for the year?A) −$382B) $2,037C) $2,801D) $1,993E) $1,17274) Carlisle Express paid $1,282 in interest and $975 in dividends last year. Current assets increased by $2,700, current liabilities decreased by $420, and long-term debt increased by $2,200. What was the cash flow to creditors?A) −$530B) −$918C) $1,839D) 2,132E) $3,09475) CBC Industries has sales of $21,415, interest paid of $1,282, costs of $9,740, and depreciation of $1,480. What is the operating cash flow if the tax rate is 22 percent?A) $10,114.14B) $9,900.86C) $8,985.86D) $8,536.67E) $9,714.1476) Williamsburg Markets has an operating cash flow of $4,267 and depreciation of $1,611. Current assets decreased by $1,356 while current liabilities decreased by $2,662, and net fixed assets decreased by $382 during the year. What is free cash flow for the year?A) $1,732B) $2,247C) $2,961D) $3,915E) $4,26777) Up Towne Cleaners has taxable income of $48,900 and a tax rate of 21 percent. What is the change in retained earnings if the firm pays $20,200 in dividends for the year?A) $18,942B) $19,948C) $19,374D) $18,431E) $18,57478) For the year, B&K United increased current liabilities by $1,400, decreased cash by $1,200, increased net fixed assets by $340, increased accounts receivable by $200, and decreased inventory by $150. What is the annual change in net working capital?A) −$2,550B) −$70C) $590D) $550E) −$2,21079) TJH, Inc. purchased $145,000 in new equipment and sold equipment with a net book value of $68,400 during the year. What is the amount of net capital spending if the depreciation was $38,600?A) $115,200B) $76,600C) $94,200D) $38,000E) −$38,00080) Nu Furniture has sales of $241,000, depreciation of $32,200, interest expense of $35,700, costs of $103,400, and taxes of $14,637. What is the operating cash flow for the year?A) $108,229B) $121,367C) $122,963D) $117,766E) $128,03781) HiWay Furniture has sales of $316,000, depreciation of $47,200, interest expense of $41,400, costs of $148,200, and taxes of $16,632. The firm has net capital spending of $36,400 and a decrease in net working capital of $14,300. What is the cash flow from assets for the year?A) $145,985B) $129,068C) $119,655D) $120,810E) $134,58582) At the beginning of the year, Trees Galore had current liabilities of $15,932 and total debt of $68,847. By year end, current liabilities were $13,870 and total debt was $72,415. What is the amount of net new borrowing for the year?A) $5,630B) −$2,480C) $3,568D) $4,677E) −$2,06283) JJ Enterprises has current assets of $10,406, long-term debt of $4,780, and current liabilities of $9,822 at the beginning of the year. At year end, current assets are $11,318, long-term debt is $5,010, and current liabilities are $9,741. The firm paid $277 in interest and $320 in dividends during the year. What is the cash flow to creditors for the year?A) −$47B) −$507C) −$97D) $47E) $50784) BK Enterprises neither sold nor repurchased any shares of stock during the year. The firm had annual sales of $7,202, depreciation of $1,196, cost of goods sold of $4,509, interest expense of $318, taxes of $248, beginning-of-year shareholders' equity of $4,808, and end-of-year shareholders' equity of $4,922. What is the amount of dividends paid during the year?A) $817B) $1,009C) $864D) $709E) $51585) Carlisle Carpets has cost of goods sold of $92,511, interest expense of $4,608, dividends paid of $3,200, depreciation of $14,568, an increase in retained earnings of $11,920, and a tax rate of 21 percent. What is the operating cash flow?A) $34,296.00B) $42,122.42C) $36,462.58D) $31,543.10E) $36,741.42。
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• Select the Enable at Startup check box if you want SAS to automatically assign the library each time that SAS starts. • If you want to stop a library from being enabled at startup, select the library in the Explorer window, and then select Delete from the pop-up menu. • Select OK to create the new library. • The library appears in the Libraries folder of the Explorer window.
• 2.1.2 Create Data interactively • To enter data, follow this selection path: • Tasks→ Data management →Create data →Interactively • The Enter Data Interactively window appears. • Select Enter data one record at a time. The Select a New SAS Table to Create window appears.( figure 2.1)
fig. 2.2 Define a New SAS Table window
• 2. Define a New SAS Table • （1）In the Name field, type MONTH as the name of the first new column. • （2）In the Type field, type a $ or a C to indicate that the column is a character column.
• A column can be character or numeric. • If a column is defined as character, it can contain letters, numbers, special characters, and symbols, but it cannot be used in arithmetic calculations. A character column is indpe field. • If a column is defined as numeric, it can contain only numbers, decimal points, plus signs, and minus signs, and it can be used in arithmetic calculations. A numeric column is indicated by a blank or an N in the Type field.
fig. 2.1 Select a New SAS Table to Create window
• Enter data interactively enables you to create a SAS table one record at a time in a windowing environment. Data can be entered from a default or specially designed window. In addition, data can be entered in tabular format.
• （4）For the label, type Sales Month. • The label is a description of up to 40 characters that can be printed by certain tasks instead of, or in addition to, the column name.
• （8）For the label, type Gross Sales. • （9）Position the cursor in the Format field for the GSALES column. Type DOLLAR8.2 and press ENTER. • （A format is a pattern that the SAS System uses to determine how a column value should be displayed. The SAS System provides a set of standard formats and also enables you to define your own custom formats. • The DOLLAR8.2 format inserts a dollar sign before each entry, inserts commas for numbers greater than 999, and writes a decimal point and two decimal digits.）
• • • •
1. Specify Output Table Example 1: In the Table field, type SALES as the name of the table that you want to create for the new data. • Select Temporary and Replace if existing if they are not already selected. This action will cause your table to be stored in the temporary WORK library, and will overwrite any existing table in that library with the name SALES. • Select OK. The Define a New SAS Table window appears. (figure 2.2)
• （10）Follow this selection path: • File→ Close • A prompt appears to ask you if you want to save changes to the WORK.SALES table. Select Yes. The FSEDIT window opens for the first row with the word New at the top of the window. (figure 2.3)
Chapter 2 Data anagement(1)
2.1
Create data
• 2.1.1 Assign a New Library • 1. To access the New Library window: • Select File→ New at the top level of the Explorer window. • Select Library in the New dialog box. • Select OK.
• （5）In the second row of the Name field, type GSALES as the name of the second new column. • （6）Leave the Type field blank to indicate that the column is numeric. • （7）Leave the Length field blank to accept the default length of 8. • （A numeric column can have a length of 2 to 8 bytes. If you leave this field blank, it will use a length of 8 by default.）
fig. 2.3 The FSEDIT window
• 3. Entering Data • In the MONTH field, type JAN. • In the GSALES field, type 4339.20 and press ENTER. The dollar sign and comma are added to the amount of sales. • To add the next new row, follow this selection path: • Edit→ Add New Record
• 2. To create a library using the New Library window: • Type a name in the Name field (up to eight alphanumeric characters). The first character must be a letter (A,B,C,...,Z) .This name is the library reference, and you can use it to point SAS to a location in your operating environment.
• A blank row appears with the word New in the upper-right corner of the window. Continue to add new rows to add the following data: • FEB 3482.50 • MAR 4238.80 • APR 3529.00 • MAY 3433.70