从句(语法)
英语从句语法知识点归纳
英语从句语法知识点归纳
英语从句的语法知识点主要包括以下内容:
从句的概念:从句是句子中的一个组成部分,通常由一个关联词引导,并在句中充当一个成分。
从句的分类:根据在句子中的作用,从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
从句的引导词:从句的引导词分为两大类,即关系词和连接词。
关系词包括that、which、whose等,用于引导名词性从句;连接词包括and、but、or、if、whether等,用于引导形容词性从句或副词性从句。
从句的时态:在大多数情况下,从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致。
但有时,根据从句的内容和上下文,从句可以使用不同的时态,例如过去完成时或虚拟语气等。
从句的语序:在名词性从句中,语序通常采用陈述句语序,即主语+谓语+其他成分;在形容词性从句中,语序可以采用疑问句语序或陈述句语序。
从句的省略:在某些情况下,从句中的某些成分可以省略,例如当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,或者当从句的内容已经包含在主句中时。
以上是从句语法知识点的基本内容,需要在学习过程中不断练
习和巩固。
英语语法中的从句
英语语法中的从句有:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同位语从句)、形容词性从句(定语从句)、副词性从句(状语从句)。
英语从句的重点是,熟悉连接从句的连词、关系词的各种含义以及用法。
1.名词性从句英语语法中的名词性从句,在句子中起名词或者名词词组作用。
在英语复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
因此,自然就有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.同位语从句说明前一个名词具体内容的从句,一般位于被说明的名语之后,在含义上它与被说明的名词相等。
?引导同位语从句的连词,最常见的是that,其次还有whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词。
1.由that引导The fact that everyone loves money is common sense.人人爱钱是常识。
注意:此句的the fact=that everyone loves money说明同位语从句的名词,只是表达“语言、想法、事实”等少数抽象名词,大多数句词不能也不需要接同位语从句,常见的有:idea想法thought想法question问题fact事实belief信念answer回答reply回复rumor谣言news消息order命令hope希望promise诺言suggestion建议doubt怀疑saying格言I like the idea that we hold an evening party.我喜欢开晚会这个想法。
Do you remember your promise that you treat us to hamburgers?你还记得你请我们吃汉堡包的承诺吗?The hope that every family owns a car will come true.每家有小车的希望会实现的。
注意:引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
初中英语语法三大从句
初中英语语法三大从句在初中英语中,主要有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
小编今天跟大家分享的就是这三个从句的主要语法点,赶快看起来吧!初中英语语法三大从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invit ation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
大学英语语法应用教程-从句(Clause)
从句(Clause)
If two numbers are to be added, it does not matter in which order they are added. 若要把两个数加起来,那么按哪种顺序相加是没有关系的。(需要注意的是,连接代词which并没有位于主语从句句首, 因为它在从句中作介词in的介词宾语和order的定语。而且,不要把由which引导的主语从句误认为是介词宾语从句。) It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there netic field is produced. 由麦克斯韦假设可知,每当电场发生变化时就产生磁场。 (it follows that … 意为“由此得知……;因此”。) It happened that she was out when he called.( = She happened to be out when … ) 他打电话时,她恰巧不在家。(It happens that可译成“碰巧,恰巧;发生”。)
从句(Clause)
3) 表语从句 主要位于系动词be之后的表语从句最为常见,当然,也可用seem, sound等。例如: The present conception of the general structure of the atom is that it consists of a kind of solar system. 现在对 原子的一般结构的看法是:它是由一种太阳系构成的。 All indications are that the need for skilled people in the field of electronics will grow in this new decade. 所有 的迹象表明,在这新的十年中对电子学领域熟练人员的需求量将会增长。 That is how a computer works. 这就是计算机的工作原理。 (本句中的that应译为“这”;how从句一般可译成“……的原理,……是如何……”) Predictions are that electronics will continue to grow at a rapid rate for some time to come. 预测表明,在未来 一段时期内电子学将会继续高速发展。 (That is why … 要译成“这就是……的理由;这就是为什么……;因此……”。) My plan is that we will finish the project by the end of the year. 我的计划是我们年底结束这个项目。 The conclusion of the discussion is that the proposal cannot be accepted. 讨论的结果是这个提议不能被接受。 在个别情况下,状语从句也可充当表语从句(特别是句型this is because … )。如: This is because you has been absent all the term. 这是因为你整个一学期缺勤的缘故。
从句语法总结
从句语法总结一、定义从句是由一个独立主语和谓语组成的一个分句,是嵌入在另一个句子中,与主句共同构成完整句子的独立的句子。
从句是句子的一部分,由关系词及与主句中动词、形容词等有关系的名词、代词或其他的介词短语成分构成,是在另一个句子中表示内容、次要成分的句子部分。
二、分类1、根据用法分类:(1)定语从句一个定语从句可以用来修饰一个名词或代词,以提供有关这个名词或代词的信息,它位于被修饰的名词或代词之前,以关系代词who,that,which等开始,定语从句的谓语动词的形式可以由主句来决定。
例句:The man who was standing in the corner is my teacher.状语从句是指修饰动词、形容词或其他的状语的句子,用来说明动作的何时、何地或者何种条件下发生,它由关系代词when,where,while,if,as等开始,并且谓语动词的时态由主句来决定。
(1)由what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how等关系词引导的从句叫做名词性从句;(2)由if,whether等关系词引导的从句叫做状语性从句;(4)由before,after,till,until,since,as soon as,so long as等关系词引导的从句叫做时间状语从句;三、特点从句的主要特点有以下几点:(1)从句可以作为主句的宾语、表语、定语、状语;(2)从句拥有主句的基本语法结构,它们也必须有完整的语法结构,其中包括一个完整的主语和谓语;(3)从句使用关系词引导;(4)主句和从句之间有主语和谓语相同或不同的时态;(5)从句要求尊重主从句的真实性,主从句之间矛盾的内容是不允许的;(6)从句取决于主句的语法结构,谓语的形式可以由主句决定。
英语语法从句
Lecture Twelve 理科班英语语法篇(十二)从句一.从句的分类从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。
所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词引导。
根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。
二.各从句在句子中的位置以及用法:(1)主语从句:在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
位于谓语动词之前。
通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。
一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。
如:When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。
)(2)表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.(3)宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...②关于宾语从句连词的选择:若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。
) (从句本来就是陈述句)若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;例如:I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。
从句语法知识点总结
从句语法知识点总结一、名词性从句名词性从句是在主句中充当名词的从句,通常包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在复合句中充当主语,常常以“it is/was + that/whether/if + 从句”或“wh-词 + 谓语”引导,如:- It is important that we finish the project on time.(是否我们能按时完成项目很重要。
)- Whether we go hiking depends on the weather.(我们是否去徒步取决于天气。
)2. 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语,常常以“that/whether/if + 从句”或“wh-词 + 谓语”引导,如:- She told me that she would come to the party.(她告诉我她会来参加派对。
)- I wonder if he has finished his homework.(我想知道他是否做完了作业。
)3. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中充当表语,常常以“that/whether/if + 从句”或“wh-词 + 谓语”引导,如:- The problem is that we are running out of time.(问题是我们时间不够了。
)- His belief is that hard work leads to success.(他的信念是努力工作会导致成功。
)4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句中对前面的名词起补充说明或解释的作用,常常以“that/wh-词 + 谓语”引导,如:- The news that the team won the championship made everyone excited.(球队赢得冠军的消息让每个人都很兴奋。
)- I have no idea where they are going for vacation.(我不知道他们去哪里度假。
初中英语语法-英语从句总结
初中英语语法总结(从句)英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it’s right or not remains to be seen。
2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not。
二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well。
2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well。
三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here。
2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like。
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are astudent。
4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.1.定语从句There are some old books in the box.The boy dressed in blue is from America。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
英语三大从句语法讲解
英语三大从句在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句、形容词性从句即定语从句、副词性从句即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等;定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系代词有:who, that, which;它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:一关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语;An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人;whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略;Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语; The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学;Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which;whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel; 二关系代词which的用法which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略;I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说;which可以换成that三关系代词that的用法that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略;:Is she the girl that sells newspapers她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗that可以换成whoWhere is the ice-cream that was in the fridge放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了that可以换成whichIs this the book that you want to buy这是你要买的那本书吗 that可以换成which,在定语从句作宾语,还可以省略二、关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语;一关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语;In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份;when先行词是months二关系副词where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语;During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡;where的先行词是town三关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语;The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件;why先行词是reason, 当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that 就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why省略三、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句一在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引导定语从句You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少;第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语二独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句As we know/ As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转;As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句;Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分;关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语;四、关系代词who, which与that的区别一关系代词who与that的区别1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who;He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切;先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one 等时,多用whoI met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语;在非限制性定语从句中,用who 2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that;The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师;介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词;因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法:1 The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.2 The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3 The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.4 The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that;He is a man that is never afraid of failure.他是个从不怕失败的人;that用来泛指人4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that;例如:Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清二关系代词which与that的区别1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时,关系代词多用that;All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金;She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我;2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时,关系代词一般都用that;This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说;He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人;3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时,应用that;Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which4. 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词一般只用which;Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都,将主办2008年奥运会;5. 介词后的关系代词用which,而不用that;She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票,其中60%是德国邮票;五、定语从句的位置如前所述,定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后;有时候,定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语,这样它们被分隔了,这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句;There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.楼上有一个女孩,大喊大叫;很明显,她疯了;定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl,被upstairs所隔开A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了;定语从句置于句末以示强调名词性从句宾语从句一、引导词1由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后;连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略;如:I told him that he was wrong.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think 等动词变为否定形式;见语法:否定转移如:I don’t think you are right. 我认为你做的不对在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语;We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的2 由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句; Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换;I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导Everything depends on whether we have enough money.宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.3由wh-引导的宾语从句;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分;Do you know which film they are talking about which做定语I don’t know where he lives. where 做地点状语二、宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 I believe that they will come soon.特例:有下列常见的问句,作为从句出现,是“不改变语句顺序”的;1. What's the matter2. What's wrong3. What's up4. What's the problem5. What's your trouble三、宾语从句的时态;宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,即:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定;主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态;如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态;1 She says that she is a student.→ She said that she was a student.2She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. → She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3She says that she has finished her homewor k already. → She said that she had finished her homework already.1如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态;The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去;Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum注意事项:3由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化;She said: “I have been to England before.” → She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths” → She asked me if I liked maths.4宾语从句与简单句的交换;由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构;I don’t know what I should do next. → I don’t know what to do next.DO SOME EXERCISES:1.Can you see AA. what he’s readingB. what is he readingC. what does he readD. he reads what2. Does Jack come from Japan Do you know合并成一个句子Do you know ___that__Jack __come___from Japan3._What did your son say in the letter_He told me that he_D__ the Disney the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit4. He didn’t know___A____A. what’s the matterB. what the matter isC. what was the matterD. what the matter was5. Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know__D__A. who were theyB. who they wereC. who was itD. who it was6. I want to know___D__A. what is his n ameB. what’s his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is7. ---Could you tell me __C__she is looking for---Her cousin, Susan.A. thatB. whose C .who D. which8. ---What are you searching the Internet for---I’m trying to find out____.A. What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB. How many persons have died in IraqC. How to protect our environmentD. Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea同位语从句一一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句;它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容;可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word消息,problem, question, doubt, thought等; eg: They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂;有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开; 如:The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book. 他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了;二引导词1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.7. I have no idea when he will be back.小结:① that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1;② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替, 如句2;③ 连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3, 4;④ 连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句, 如句5,6,7;三 that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句① 意义不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词;试比较:1. The news that our team has won the final match isencouraging.2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.② that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句时,不仅起连接作用,而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分;试比较:1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player ifI passed the English test.2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.③ 可否省略:that在引导同位语从句时,通常不可省略;在引导定语从句时,若在从句中作宾语,通常可以省略,若作主语则不可以省略;DO SOME EXERCISES:I. 请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整;1. They expressed the hope _that_ they would come over toChina soon.2. The fact ___that____ he didn’t see Tom this morning istrue.3. Word has come __where_____ some American guests will cometo our college for a visit next week.4. He can’t answer the question ___how____ he got the moneyfrom his home yesterday.5. Do you have any idea __what___ is actually going on inthe classroom6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hallnow must be decided at once.II. 下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正;1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t beable to see you this afternoon.3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what shesaid or not.4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day beforeyesterday. 5. One of the men held the opinion when what the book said was right.表语从句表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是连系动词;名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西;how 在表语从句中充当方式状语The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的;what 在表语从句中充当宾语What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本;what在主语从句中作直接宾语, that 作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分, 不能省略That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的;what在表语从句中充当直接宾语That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因;why 在表语从句中充当原因状语“That is why...”是常用句型, 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语, 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构, 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:1“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义, 只不过从语法结构上讲, “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句, 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样 That is the reason why I cannot agree.2“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语, 这也是个常用句型, 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”;“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影, 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业;第一句话说明结果, 第二句话说明原因He had seen the film before. That is why he did not seeit last night.他以前曾看过那部电影, 因此他昨天晚上没有去看;第一句话说明原因, 第二句话说明结果考题1The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. 2007上海A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that考题2You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. 2004A. whyB. whereC. whatD. how考题3— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off 1999A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where考题4____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 2003上海春A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because考题5—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game—Oh, that’s ____. 2003北京春A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited 表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句;其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同;故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,充当表语的句子叫表语从句;宾语从句1对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式;②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时;③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether是否当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词;表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面;表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同;也是名词性从句的一种;What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间;The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金; This is what we should do这是我们应当做的;That is why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因;His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有; 从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序;as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句;She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事;It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了;状语从句一状语从句的种类1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句;3.原因状语从句;4.条件状语从句;5.目的状语从句;6.让步状语从句;7比较状语从句;8.程度状语从句;9.方式状语从句;10.结果状语从句;二状语从句的时态一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”;1时间状语从句1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句;when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词;并且when有时表示“就在那时”; While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或者相对应;并且while有时还可以表示对比;While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后;As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了;as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句;before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”; 时态:当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后;After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后;主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反;3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句;till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until;并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同;4.由since引导的时间状语从句;since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词;一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时;但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时;5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句;这些连词都表示“一……就”;hardlyscarcely, rarely…when / before, no sooner…than 相当于as soon as之意;主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时;当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序;6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句;时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时;7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句;8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句;这两个连词表示“只要;和…一样长”;2地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,:句型1:Where+地点从句,there+主句;此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there 可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there;句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句;状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等;状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号;3原因状语从句: because, since, as和for都表示原因;because 语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因;当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since;由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替;但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for;4目的状语从句:表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导;5结果状语从句:结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导,首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词;such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词;so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配;The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.6让步状语从句:是由though, although 引导的状语从句;。
英语语法 从句
英语语法中的从句是指用一个句子作为另一个句子的一个成分,以表达更复杂的思想或意思。
从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等句子成分。
从句主要有三种类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1. 名词性从句:这种从句在句子中充当名词的角色,包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。
例如:
* I believe that he will pass the exam.(我相信他会通过考试。
)
* The book is the answer to the question.(这本书是问题的答案。
)
2. 形容词性从句:这种从句在句子中作为形容词的补足语,常用来描述主语或宾语。
例如:
* The girl who has long hair is my sister.(长头发的女孩是我妹妹。
)
* The book that I read is called "The Alchemist".(我读的书叫做《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》。
)
3. 副词性从句:这种从句在句子中充当副词的角色,用来描述动词、形容词或另一副词,包括时间、地点、条件、
原因等类型的从句。
例如:
* When he finishes his work, he will go home.(当他完成工作时,他会回家。
)
* If you go to the party, you will have a great time.(如果你去参加聚会,你会玩得很开心。
)
以上是从句的基本概念和例子,但英语语法中还有许多复杂的规则和变化,需要深入学习和理解。
从句语法 英语语法
从句语法英语语法从句是一个包含主语和谓语的句子,但它不能独立成为一个完整的句子,而是需要依附于主句。
从句通常用于给予额外信息、描述或补充主句中的内容。
在英语语法中,从句分为几种类型,主要有名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1.名词性从句(Noun Clauses):•作用:在句子中充当名词的角色,可以用作主语、宾语、或介词的宾语。
•例子:•主语从句:What he said is important.(他说的话很重要。
)•宾语从句:I know that you are busy.(我知道你很忙。
)•介词宾语从句:I am interested in what you do.(我对你做的事情感兴趣。
)2.形容词性从句(Adjective Clauses):•作用:对主句中的名词或代词进行修饰,提供更多的信息。
•例子:•The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)•She is the girl who helped me yesterday.(她是昨天帮助我的那个女孩。
)3.副词性从句(Adverbial Clauses):•作用:在句子中充当副词,修饰动词,形容词或副词。
•例子:•When the rain stops, we will go out.(雨停的时候,我们会出去。
)•He works hard so that he can succeed.(他努力工作以便成功。
)需要注意的是,从句的引导词(关联词)在不同类型的从句中有所不同。
例如,名词性从句的引导词包括that、whether、if、what 等;形容词性从句的引导词包括who、which、whose、whom、that 等;副词性从句的引导词包括when、while、since、if、because 等。
正确使用从句是提高英语语法水平的关键之一,因此建议通过大量阅读和实际运用来熟练掌握不同类型从句的用法。
从句语法知识点总结
从句语法知识点总结1. 哎呀呀,从句可是英语语法里很重要的一块呢!就像搭积木,主从复合句就是把不同的部分巧妙组合起来。
比如“She said that she loved him.”,这里的“that she loved him”就是个宾语从句呀。
2. 嘿,你们知道吗?定语从句就像是给名词加上一个特别的标签!像“The man who is wearing a blue shirt is my father.”中的“who is wearing a blue shirt”就是在描述那个男人呢。
3. 哇塞,状语从句可神奇啦!它能表达各种条件、时间啥的。
就像“If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.”这不是很清楚嘛。
4. 不是吧,你们还没搞懂从句啊?名词性从句就好像是句子里的小宝藏!像“What he said is true.”这里的“What he said”就是个主语从句呀。
5. 哎呀呀,你们想想看,表语从句是不是很像给主语的一个解释呀?就像“The problem is how we can get there.”这样。
6. 嘿哟,同位语从句可是个神秘的存在呢!比如说“The news that he won the game made us happy.”这里的“that he won the game”就是解释那个新闻的呀。
7. 哇哦,从句的世界真的好有趣啊!就像时间状语从句“When I wasa child, I often played in the garden.”,带我们回到过去呢。
8. 天哪,要是不会从句,那英语得少了多少乐趣呀!比如地点状语从句“Where there is a will, there is a way.”多有哲理呀。
9. 嘿嘿,你们发现没,从句就像魔法一样能让句子变得更丰富!像条件状语从句“If you study hard, you will succeed.”多有激励作用。
从句(语法复习一)
(3) that, why &because
The reason why he didn’t attend the party is that _____ he hasn’t come back yet. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. why That’s _____ I got wet all through. because I got wet all through. That’s ________ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. why强调的是结果,because强调的是原因
1.主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语. Who will go is not important. 引导主语从句的词有 连词that, whether; 在从句中不担任成分 连接代词who, what, which; 复合代词whoever, whatever, whichever在从句中担任主、宾语 连接副词when, where, why, how;复合副词 whenever, wherever, however在从句中担任状语
(2). 在疑问句和感叹句中,必须用作形式主语, 而把真正的主语(主从)放在后面 Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster? How strange it is that the kids are so quiet! 2.that引导主语从句时,不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
英语语法英语从句完全汇总
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that …事实是…It is an honor that …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) it is +形容词+从句It is natural that…很自然…It is strange that…奇怪的是…(3) it is +不及物动词+从句It seems that…似乎…It happened that…碰巧…(4) it +过去分词+从句It is reported that…据报道…It has been proved that…已证实…3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
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英语从句分类与解析从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。
(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。
(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。
)You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话。
(目的状语,可以由that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case等词引导。
)Since /As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。
(原因状语从句,常用because,since,as,for fear (恐怕),seeing that (既然),now that (=since),considering that (考虑到)等引导。
)Though/Though he was worn out,(still)he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。
(让步状语从句,引导的连词主要有以下这些:though,although,as;even if,even though;whether…or…;no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.)Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。
(地点状语从句,通常由where,wherever 引导。
)As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
(方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…,as if,as though引导。
)主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。
如:I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。
He likes playing football very much.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。
(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。
(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。
)You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话。
(目的状语,可以由that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case等词引导。
)Since /As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。
(原因状语从句,常用because,since,as,for fear (恐怕),seeing that (既然),now that (=since),considering that (考虑到)等引导。
)Though/Though he was worn out,(still)he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。
(让步状语从句,引导的连词主要有以下这些:though,although,as;even if,even though;whether…or…;no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.)Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。
(地点状语从句,通常由where,wherever 引导。
)As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
(方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…,as if,as though引导。
)【导读】主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。
如:主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。
如:I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。
He likes playing football very much.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football 是宾语,very much是状语。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。
如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。
一、关系代词和关系副词的区别1、关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人)例3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)例4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。
若指物,它还可以同of which互换)例5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
(which / that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)2、关系副词(when, where, why, that)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。