晒课@虚拟语气

if虚拟条件句
主句
主语+would 1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 ( should / might / 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 could )＋动词原形
If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him.
2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 补充例句： 要不是…… (固定句式) • If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work yesterday. 与过去事 = Had it not been for … , … 实相反 • If it were not for lacking money, I would go 与现在事 travelling right now. 实相反 = Were it not for lacking money, …
2. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on thathe had got up earlier , he could have caught the train.
I 之后为什么要用were, 而不用am或was?
语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气： 陈述语气（Indicative Mmood)，祈使 语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)。不同的语气用 动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式） 来表示。
虚拟语气
=If it hadn’t been for the rain, …
Exercise
1. __ (be) my father here now, he _ me what to do. (will) tell
b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的 或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
If we have chances, we can have further cooperation.
If I have another chance, I will visit China again.
if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很 有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思
if虚拟条件句 与现在 事实相 反的假 设
if虚拟条件句
主句
If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were) 即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were)
主语+would ( should / might / could )＋动词原形
1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents.
(3) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句．常用的介词有 with, without, but for 等。如：
虚拟语气
What would you do with a million dollars? =If you had a million dollars, what would you do?
虚拟语气
主语+would ( should / might / could )＋动词原形
主语 + would ( should / might / could )＋have done
1、If+主语+动词过去式 主语+would 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 ( should / might / 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 could )＋动词原形
if条件从句
一般现在时
主句(main clause)
will \shall+动词原形 情态动词 + 动词原形
What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.
if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几 乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you. 3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.
2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）
2. 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有 were, had（助动词）或should时，可 使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件 从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之 后，而不能与were，should，had等缩 略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于 句首。
the car accident in May,2009.
与过去事实相反
If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on
that island for four years.
if虚拟条件句 与过去 事实相 反的假 设
注意以下问题：
• 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 • 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 • 3. 含蓄条件句
1. 错综时间条件句
if虚拟条件句 主句
（4+1）
与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 事实相 反的假 设 与将来 事实相 反的假 设
If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were) 即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were) If+主语+had +动词的过去分词 即：If+过去完成时态
虚拟语气的常考形式：
1. if 引导的虚拟条件句
2. 名词性从句(一坚持、二命令、 三建议、四要求）
3. 固定句式（It’s time that sb did)
4. 情态动词表示虚拟
5. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况 (suggest;insist)
a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或 有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
2. If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.
与过去事实相反
If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused
if虚拟条件句
主句
If+主语+had +动词的过去分词 主语 + would ( should / might / could )＋have done 即：If+过去完成时态
1. If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.
• Do you think I am cool（酷） or curel(残忍）？Maybe I am cool and respected.
• Will you want to be a teacher in the future like me?
• In fact, once upon, I wanted to be a doctor, because my mother was ill frequently. However , now I am a techer. • How I wish I were a doctor! If I were a doctor, I could help more people lighten pain.
虚拟语气的概念
• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， • 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实， 而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状 语从句中或让步状语从句中)； • 一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (常用在名词性从句中)。 • 简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情， 就用虚拟语气来表述
总结：
与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 事实相 反的假 设 与将来 事实相 反的假 设
if虚拟条件句
if虚拟条件句
主句
（4+1）
If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were) 即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were) If+主语+had +动词的过去分词 即：If+过去完成时态
1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。 1). If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）