2000年下半年英语

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2000考研英语二试卷及答案

2000考研英语二试卷及解答Section I Use of English (10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 1 ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America 2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but 3 communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 4 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that —— 5 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 6 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent, 7 the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 8 last summer, found that I was 9 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from.And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17 numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America.01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless [D] shameless16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] atgection II Reading Comprehension (60%)Part A (40 %)Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).Text 1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directorsthat includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A "sanitized"description of a hac attempt or other incident - one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hac that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon , CNN and Yahoo! this year identified several North Carolina victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."21. From the first paragraph, we know[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B] public agencies.[C] FBI.[D] private industry.23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D] many companies suffer from computer hac because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.[C] the use of modem is increasing.[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25. It can be concluded from the passage that[A] not all hac attempts are worthy of investigation.[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] Amazon was once disrupted by hac .Text 2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.The data are stri : when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because .[A] it offers low pay.[B] they have interest in other professions.[C] it does not value productivity.[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.29. "The data are stri : when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture" means .[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30. All can be concluded BUT .[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text 3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics. Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished (but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence. Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act. The father of game theory won only after Mr. Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997 Nobel laureates. The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you got the prize. But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."31. From the first paragraph, we learned that .[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during 1990s, .[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is .[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C] hostile.[DJ indifferent.34. From the third paragraph, we learn that .[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is .[A] critical.[B] approving.[C] angry.[D] ironic.Text 4In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry - all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service, Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a service's contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom hasbecome institutionalised: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is lesscommon; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are moreextrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers: And, says' Mr Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tippingis about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip - a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should "just be paid a decent wage" may actually makeeconomic sense.36. From the text we learn that Americans .[A] are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B] like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C] are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so.[D] are giving less and less tips.37. According to Paragraph 3, we learn that .[A] tips are voluntary in America.[B] people don't tip in Europe.[C] tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D] tipping is now popular in Iceland.38. According to Michael Lynn, .[A] nervous people do not usually tip.[B] A merican people are anxious.[C] Icelanders don't like to show off.[D] people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39. The text indicates that in America .[A] customers tip 8% to 37% of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B] a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15%.[C] the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D] the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get 15-20%.40. According to the text, the author believes that in America .[A] the better the service, the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C] tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D] tips cannot prompt better service.Part B (20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).(41) There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World. showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty - of the spirit. For instance, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World. Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. (42) But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each dayto do abstract work in offices, shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appearin banks. Instead. the child sees mother an(t father, relations and neighbours wor nearby, and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work: helping to dig or build, plant or water, tend to animals or look after babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, building with construction toys, keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43) These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts. Set days and times are few and self-explanatory, determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring. (44) A child in the rich world, on the other hand. is provided with a wrist-watchas one of the earliest symbols of ~owing up. so that he or she can worry, along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times clinic times, bed times, the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors, still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas, dangerous roads, 'keep off the grass' signs and 'don't speak tostrangers', there is often a sense of freedom to play. (45)Parents can see their children outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up. And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing (30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students. What do you think good studentsare like? Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion. Provideone or two examples where necessary. You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument. You shouM write 240-280 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).参照解答[A卷]解答：e of English （10%）01.B 02.D 03.A 04.C 05.A 06.C 07.D 08.C 09.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

2000年12月大学英语三级(B级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2000年12月大学英语三级（B级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：How is your borther getting along with his study?1．A．He leaves for school at 7.B．He’s studying in Paris.C．He’s doing very well.D．He likes his school.正确答案：C听力原文：How do you find our new manager?2．A．He came to our company last year.B．I think he is a nice person.C．He was in London 5 years ago.D．I have met him somewhere before.正确答案：B听力原文：When are you going to discuss our plan?3．A．It’s a good one.B．It’s a good idea.C．You are right.D．Tomorrow morning.正确答案：D听力原文：Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?4．A．Also coffee.B．Tea, please.C．Thank you very much.D．That’s all right.正确答案：B听力原文：Hello, can I speak to Mr. Simpson, please?5．A．Hold on, please.B．Whom do you want?C．Don’t go away.D．Well, you can’t.正确答案：ASection BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：A: Could you give me a wake-up call tomorrow morning at 5:30?W: Certainly. Tell me your room number, please.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?6．A．In a hotel.B．In a bank.C．At a meeting.D．At a post office.正确答案：A听力原文：W: Nancy bought a computer for only $ 1,500 last week.M: Really? I’d like to have a look at it.Q: What did Nancy buy?7．A．A recorder.B．A heater.C．A computer.D．A motorbike.正确答案：C听力原文：M: How do you feel about the test?W: There were many difficult questions I couldn’t answer.Q: How did the woman feel about the test?8．A．She did well on the test.B．She found the test difficult.C．She needed more time to finish the test.D．She could answer most of the questions.正确答案：B听力原文：M: Why, you look so pale! What’s wrong with you?W: I have a terrible headache.Q: What do we know about the woman?9．A．To the seaside.B．To the city center.C．To the countryside.D．To the new bridge.正确答案：A听力原文：M: What did you do over the weekend?W: Oh, we had a wonderful time on the beach.Q: Where did the woman go on the weekend?10．A．She is sad.B．She is upset.C．She is nervous.D．She is iii.正确答案：DSection CDirections: In this section you will hear a short recorded passage. The passage has some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words or phrases on the blank in order of numbered blanks according to what you hear. The third reading is for you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin.听力原文：Jim is my brother-in-law. He was suffering from a toothache last week. But he didn’t want to see a doctor. Finally, however, my mother-in-law decided that she would go and see the doctor herself. She carefully explained that although her son had a lot of pain, he was refusing to get treatment. Her son was afraid of doctors. The nurse told her that they were used to dealing with this common fear and would be able to fit Jim in right away. “How old is your little boy?”she asked. My mother-in-law replied, “He’s 40 years old.”Jim is my brother-in-law. He was 【B1】______ a toothache last week. But he didn’t want to see a doctor. Finally, 【B2】______ , my mother-in-law decided that she would go and see the doctor herself. She carefully 【B3】______ that although herson had a lot of pain, he was refusing to get treatment. Her son was 【B4】______ doctors. The nurse told her that they were used to dealing with this 【B5】______ fear and would be able to fit Jim in right away. “How old is your little boy?” she asked. My mother-in-law replied, “He’s 40 years old.”11．【B1】正确答案：suffering from12．【B2】正确答案：however13．【B3】正确答案：explained14．【B4】正确答案：afraid of15．【B5】正确答案：commonPart II V ocabulary and Structure (15 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A , B, C, and D.16．How many computers will the company ______ this year?A．turn upB．turn outC．turn onD．turn over正确答案：B17．He told me that I ______ be present at the ceremony.A．couldB．wouldC．shouldD．might正确答案：C18．______, he can quickly find out what’s wrong with the machine.A．Having been well trainedB．Having well trainedC．To be well trainedD．To have been well trained正确答案：A19．In that country, the cost of living ______ quickly after the war broke out.A．racedB．raisedC．aroseD．rose正确答案：D20．It was in that small village ______ our president was born.A．whichB．whenC．thatD．as正确答案：C21．His grandmother brought him up, because his parents ______ when he was only one year old.A．passed awayB．passed outC．passed offD．passed over正确答案：A22．He looked up and saw that the moon was ______ the trees in the east.A．inB．aboveC．onD．among正确答案：B23．Since the introduction of the new technique, the production cost ______ greatly.A．reducesB．is reducedC．is reducingD．has been reduced正确答案：D24．Breakfast is ______ in the dining-room from 6:30 to 8:30 a.m. at this hotel.A．servedB．madeC．eatenD．cooked正确答案：A25．I hope they ______ this road by the time we come back next summer.A．have repairedB．will repairC．are to repairD．will have repaired正确答案：DSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each bland with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.26．The Chairman emphasized his ideas by speaking more (loud) ______.正确答案：loudly27．There has been a large (grow) ______ of light industries during these years.正确答案：growth28．The manager asked the secretary to (short) ______ the report to 600 words.正确答案：shorten29．Living in the country is less (expense) ______ than living in the city.正确答案：expensive30．The children from the U.S. got used to (eat) ______ Chinese food quite soon.正确答案：eating31．If the medicine (take) ______ in time, it will be quite effective.正确答案：is taken32．I saw the man (knock) ______ down by a car in the street.正确答案：knocked / being knocked33．They stopped (search) ______ for the missing plane as the weather was very rough.正确答案：searching34．In two months’ time he (finish) ______ his training and start work.正确答案：will finish / will have finished35．He talked as if he (do) ______ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.正确答案：had donePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.Anthropology(人类学) is the study of how people live. It includes their family life, religion, art, laws and language. The term anthropology comes from two Greek words: “anthropos” means “human being” and “logy” means “the science of”. Anthropology can be divided into two areas. These two main divisions are cultural anthropology and physical anthropology. Culture includes many things, Such as art, religion, laws, and even furniture and movies. Anthropologists define human progress in three main steps. Step one begins with the first human being and continuesuntil the last of the people who hunted animals just to survive. Step two includes people who grew food. In this step, there was progress in invention and religion. The third step deals with the first civilizations(文明), such as those in Egypt and parts of Asia. Anthropologists always seek new information about people. For instance, recent evidence found in Ethiopia and Kenya shows humans earlier in history than it was previously believed.36．According to the passage, anthropology mainly deals with ______.A．family life, religion and artB．differences between human racesC．the study of ancient peopleD．the study of different cultures正确答案：C37．Which of the following belongs to the second step of human progress?A．Many religions and inventions were made.B．People hunted animals just to survive.C．The early civilizations came into being.D．People started to learn science and art.正确答案：A38．Which of the following statements is TRUE?A．Furniture and movies belong to physical anthropology.B．Anthropologists are still trying to get new findings about people.C．The study of human beings began in Greek times.D．The first civilizations appeared only in Egypt and parts of Asia.正确答案：B39．What have anthropologists recently found?A．There are cultural anthropology and physical anthropology.B．There are three steps in the progress of human beings.C．There were more civilizations in Egypt than in parts of Asia.D．There is a longer history of human beings than it was thought before.正确答案：D40．Which could be the best title for the passage?A．What is Anthropology.B．The Progress of Human Beings.C．The First Civilizations.D．The Work of Anthropologists.正确答案：ATask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.In Spain in summer there are many villages with a lot of tourists. The tourists go to the villages with their families, where there are festivals. People living around the villages also go to these festivals. To begin the festivals they throw big fireworks and the mayor(市长) makes a speech. When he finishes, people applaud and parties begin. In the morning of the first day people organize chocolate parties and clowns (小丑) for the children. In the afternoon there is a festival for the grandparents with music, drinks and food. And at night a big party is held for everybody. At the party, people dance and sing. They feel very happy in the festivals and go to bed very late. Next morning they get up much later than usual；then they go to a place where there are poetry(诗歌) competitions, squares(纵横字谜), etc. Later the people go to a ceremony in the church to visit their dead family members. In the afternoon there is a fair and everybody goes to it to buy things or to go for a walk. At night a famous pop music group goes to the village and holds a concert and at 12 or 1 o’clock the group plays traditional songs. The third day is the last day, people are still very happy. To end the festivals they throw a lot of artificial fire. People .will have to wait till the next year for such festivals.41．How long do the village festivals usually last?A．Two days.B．Three days.C．Four days.D．The whole summer.正确答案：B42．The festival begins with ______.A．a concert and danceB．children’s partiesC．a speech by the organizerD．a display of fireworks正确答案：D43．During the first day of the festival, the people ______.A．go to a fair and visit the churchB．have a concert and competitionsC．have parties, dance and singD．visit the dead and throw artificial fires正确答案：C44．According to the passage, who take part in the festival?A．Tourists as well as the people around the village.B．Tourists and their families.C．The mayor and the villagers.D．The grandparents and their children.正确答案：A45．Which of the following is TRUE about the festivals?A．More tourists visit the villages than the cities in Spain.B．Tourists usually watch the performances instead of taking part in them.C．The last day of the festival is the happiest.D．The festivals last till very late in the night.正确答案：DTask 3Directions: The following is a passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline in the table below (No. 46 through 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than 3 words) on the blanks.Last month Dave went on holiday to France. He caught the train from London to Dover and then went by boat across the Channel. He met a friend on the boat, then they caught the train to Paris and stopped in Milan Hotel. While staying in Paris, he visited some historic sites. After a few days he went by bus to Lyon, and arrived there in the evening. He stayed in a small hotel. Next day he visited Lyon Museum of Natural History. Early on the third day, he took a bus to Monaco. He thought Monaco was an attractive city and he stayed there for nearly two weeks in Anchor Hotel in the center. He visited a lot of museums and art galleries(艺术画廊). In Monaco he hired a car and drove south down the coast to Marseille. He stayed in Moucher Hotel with some friends for three days. They visited a historic site there. Finally he returned to Lyon and flew home.46．正确答案：Historic sites47．正确答案：Lyon48．正确答案：One day49．正确答案：Anchor Hotel50．正确答案：Three daysTask 4Directions: The following is a list of terms. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to those given in Chinese in the table below. Than you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets of question NO. 51-55.A--Information H--Morning CallB--Room Service I--Banking ServiceC--Check-in Counter J--ReservationD--Recreation Facilities K--ReceptionE--Check-out Counter L--Medical CareF--Booking Office M--TelecommunicationsG--Laundry ServiceN--Locker51．( ) 入住登记( ) 娱乐设施正确答案：C、D52．( ) 票务服务( ) 金融服务正确答案：F、I53．( ) 唤醒服务( ) 医疗服务正确答案：H、L54．( ) 洗衣服务( ) 送餐服务正确答案：G、B55．( ) 房间预定( ) 退房结帐正确答案：J、ETask 5Directions: The following is a passage. After reading the passage you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 through No.60) following them.The Light Industrial ProductsImport & Export CorporationStafford StreetWolverhampton WV1 1SBTel: (01902) 322479Fax: (01902) 322739Email: le1968 wlv, ac. uk Aug. 4,2000Dear Mr. Smith, Thank you very much for your letter of 18th July. We have also received the cow split leather and work glove samples(样品) you sent us. We are glad to inform you that your order for the work gloves has been put to work. As we can’t see which one is Item P79252 and which one is Item SUR100, please give us an explanation as soon as possible. We have pleasure in informing you that we have given the above-mentioned cow split leather and your samples to our factory for producing sample products. When we get any further news, we will contact you right away. We thank you very much for this first order, and hope that this transaction(交易) will be the beginning of a long and friendly connection with your firm. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours truly, Peter Anderson56．What did Peter get together with the letter of 18th, July? ______ and work glove samples.正确答案：cow split leather57．What has already been put into production?The ______ in the order.正确答案：work gloves / sample products58．Why did Peter ask for an explanation about the two items mentioned?Because he ______ the difference between them.正确答案：didn’t know / couldn’t tell59．When will Peter contact Mr. Smith again? When he has ______.正确答案：any further news60．For what did Peter thank Mr. smith at the end of the letter? For ______.正确答案：his first order / the first order he gotPart IV Translation from English to Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (No. 61 to No. 64) is followed by four choices of suggested translation marked A, B, C and D. Make the best choice and mark the corresponding letter in the blanks. Forquestion No. 65, write your translation of the paragraph in the corresponding space.61．She has put on a lot of weight since she got out of the hospital.A．自从出院以来她挑起了工作的重担。

2000年考研英语真题及答案

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing[B] to hear[C] to be hearing[D] having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D] thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe[B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed[D] sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.[A] which[B] where[C] when[D] that6.Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ________ out of the office.[A] went[B] gone[C] to go[D] would go7.The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A] of[B] on[C] to[D] with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ________ you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9.It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.[A] rather[B] so[C] than[D] as10.Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ________ one.[A] getting[B] to get[C] gotten[D] getPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11.Having isolated [A] on a remote island, with [B] little work to occupy [C] them, the soldierssuffered from boredom and low spirits [D].12.If the letter to be mailed [A] was placed [B] on the writing table an hour ago, it is [C] certain being [D] there now.13.The ruling [A] party could even lose its [B] majority in the lower house of parliament, started[C] a period of prolonged struggling [D].14.The mechanisms at [A] work are manifest [B] in the tendency for such physical activity to [C] utilize the potential [D] harmful constituents of the stress response.15.In [A] the long run, however, this hurry to shed [B] full-time staff may be more [C] harmful to industry as it is to [D] the workforce.16.See to it [A] that you include in [B] the examination paper whatever [C] questions they didn’t know the answer [D] last time.17.Most newspapers, while devoting [A] the major part of its [B] space to recent events, usually manage to find room [C] on the inside pages for articles on [D] some interesting topics.18.One sign by which [A] you are making progress in an art [B] such as painting or photography is that [C] you begin to realize how much there is [D] to learn.19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside [A] the music at the moment it is played and enjoying [B] it almost as much as [C] the composer at the moment he composes [D].20.Continued [A] exposure to stress has been linked to worsened [B] functioning of the immune system, leaving [C] a person more liable for [D] infection.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21.He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22.France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23.The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager’s office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28.When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29.The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30.I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31.At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32.When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33.________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] V oyage34.Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35.The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39.You don’t have to install this radio in your new car, it’s an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attributeSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41.[A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42.[A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43.[A] for[B] against[C] supplement[D] dispose44.[A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45.[A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46.[A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47.[A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48.[A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49.[A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50.[A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III: Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationText 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twiceas many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereText 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureText 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline ofthe traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63.In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- health, distinction, control over one’s destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.。

2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案

2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试本试卷第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至13页。

第二卷1至4页共150分，考试时间120分钟。

第一卷（三大题，共95分）注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂在答题卡上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用像橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3．考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

I．单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

例：haveA．gave B．save C．hat D．made答案是C。

1．rushA．dull B．butcher C．sugar D．Push2．northernA．strength B．wealth C．thus D．Throw3．silenceA．weigh B．ceiling C．bargain D．Height4．occurA．ocean B．opposite C．official D．offer5．pleasureA．possession B．television C． anxious D．preciousB）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案例：We ____________last night , but we went to the concert instead.A．must have studied B．might studyC．should have studied D．would study答案是C。

6．What about having a drink?_____________A．Good idea. B．Help yourself.C．Go ahead , please D．Me , too.7．I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some _________.A．at last B． in caseC．once again D．in time8．_______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A．Brave enough students B．Enough brave studentsC．Students brave enough D．Students enough brave9．Waiter!_____________I can't eat this , It's too salty.A．Yes, sir? B．What?C．All right? D．Pardon?10．Most animals little connection with ________animals of _________different kind unless they kill them for food.A．the ; a B．不填 ; aC．the ; the D．不填 ; the11．It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___________if you don't speak the language.A．extremely B．naturallyC．basically D．especially12．Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clare you must learn to __________.A．support B．careC．spare D．share13．You've left the light on.Oh , so J have .________and turn it off.A．I'll go B．I've goneC．I go D．I'm going14．Someone called me up in the middle the night , but they hung up __________I could answer the phone.A．as B．sinceC．until D．before15．Are you coming to Jeff's party?I'm not sure . I ________go to the concert instead.A．must B．wouldC．should D．might16．If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15.A．another B．otherC．more D．Each17．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.A．who B．whichC．this D．what18．______production up by 60% , the company has had another excellent year.A．As B．ForC．With D．Through19．I've worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job.A．expect ed B．to expectC．to be expecting D．expects20．How are you today?Oh , I ___________as ill as I do now for a very long time.A．didn't fell B．wasn't feelingC．don't fell D．haven't felt21．The WTO cannot live up to its name ________it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.A．as long as B．whileC．if D．even though22．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year.A．carry out B．carrying outC．carried out D．to carry out23．Why don't we take a little break?Didn't we just have __________?A．it B．thatC．one D．this24．It is the ability to do the job _______matters where you come from or what you are.A．one B．thatC．what D．it25． The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it.A．was travelling B．travelledC．had been traveling D．was to travel.II完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

2000年考研英语真题及解析

age, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large uantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］

2000年英语试题及参考答案

2000年英语试题及参考答案Section ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］,Choose the one that best pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by black-Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times1979.[A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer[A］［B］［C］［■］1.As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciatefrom you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. ［A］hearing ［B］to hear ［C］to be hearing ［D］having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, to find it locked.［A］just ［B］only ［C］hence ［D］thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.［A］to sunbathe ［B］to have sunbathed［C］having sunbathed ［D］sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance pany for your goods, you are not entitled a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.［A］to ［B］with ［C］for ［D］on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston". ［A］which ［B］where ［C］when ［D］that6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away, as though out of the office.［A］went ［B］gone ［C］to go ［D］would go7.The roles expected old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.［A］of ［B］on ［C］to ［D］ with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you'll soon discover that the science of geics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.［A］or ［B］and ［C］for ［D］so9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.［A］rather ［B］so ［C］than ［D］as10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce, let alone one.［A］getting ［B］to get ［C］gotten ［D］getSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked［A］，［B］［C］，and［D］.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5points)Sorry, this section has to be shown in GIF format. We'll plete it soon. Please pay attention to our website:edu.yesky.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.Choose the one that best pletes the sentenec. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected The sentence should read," The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］21.He spoke so that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.［A］bluntly ［B］convincingly［C］emphatically ［D］determinedly22.France's of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. ［A］assumption ［B］consumption［C］presumption ［D］resumption23.The 215-page manu, circulated to publishers last October, an outburst of interest.［A］flared ［B］glittered ［C］sparked ［D］flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties.［A］came off ［B］came on ［C］came round ［D］came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the work and eventually it in a profitable direction.［A］adapt ［B］control ［C］install ［D］steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.［A］secure ［B］extend ［C］defend ［D］possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be at the manager's office.［A］declared ［B］obtained ［C］reclaimed ［D］recognized28.When I my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.［A］woke up ［B］took to ［C］picked up ［D］came to29.The American society is an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with thepossibility of a worsening environment.［A］established on ［B］affiliated to［C］originated from ［D］incorporated with30.I am not with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.［A］concerned ［B］patible ［C］considerate ［D］plied31.At first, the of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.［A］transaction ［B］transmission［C］transformation ［D］transition32.When the mittee to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.［A］got down ［B］set about ［C］went off ［D］came up33.to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.［A］Orientation ［B］Aess ［C］Procession ［D］Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual: he was first an office clerk, the a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.［A］profession ［B］oupation ［C］position ［D］career35.The mayor is a woman with great and therefore deserves our political and financial support.［A］intention ［B］instinct ［C］integrity ［D］intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest to everyone.［A］speculation ［B］attribution ［C］utilization ［D］proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.［A］renders ［B］reckons ［C］regards ［D］relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly be, and display in the job.［A］swift ［B］instant ［C］timely ［D］punctual39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car,it's an extra.［A］excessive ［B］optional ［C］additional ［D］arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't to the traffic jam of the busy city.［A］aid ［B］amount ［C］add ［D］attributePartⅡ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there arefour choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)If a farmer wishes to sueed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and hisfamily 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable ef。

2000年12月大学英语四级考试试题答案与详解

2000年12月大学英语四级考试试题答案与详解41. It is important that the hotel receptionist ____ that guests are registered correctly.A) make sure B) has made sureC) made sure D) must make sureA)。

【译文】宾馆招待员确保顾客正确登记是很重要的。

【解析】虚拟语气题。

虚拟语气常用于“It is important (necessary，desirable，imperative，advisable)that…”等主语从句中，从句谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形。

42. I suggested he should ____ himself to his new conditions.A) adopt B) regulate C) suit D) adaptD)。

【译文】我建议他应该让自己适应新的环境。

【解析】动词辨析题。

Adapt意为“使适应”，常用于adapt oneself to 的搭配，意为“调整自己以适应…”。

Adopt“采用，采纳；收养”；regulate“管理，控制”；suit“使满意，合适”。

43. I’ll never forget ____ you for the first time.A) to meet B) to have metC) meeting D)having to be meetingC)。

【译文】我永远也不会忘记第一次遇见你的情形。

【解析】动动词题。

英语中有许多词后既可接动名词又可接不定式，但二者的意思有所不同，forget to do sth. 表示“忘了去做某事（应该去做的）”，而forget doing sth.表示“忘记（做过的）某事”。

除了forget外，还有：try + 不定式表示“努力，企图”，try + 动名词表示“试一试某种办法”；remember + 不定式“表示记得要做某件事”，remember + 动名词表示“记得做过某事”；regret + 不定式表示“对尚未做过的或正在做的事感到遗憾”，regret + 动名词表示“对做过的事感到后悔”；stop + 不定式表示“停下来开始去做某事”，stop + 动名词表示“停止手头正在做的事”。

2000年12月英语六级试题及答案

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. A) Get some change form Jane. B) Use the woman’s phone. C) Go look for a pay phone. D) Pay for the phone call. 2. A) At a bookstore. B) In a workshop. C) At an art gallery. D) In a department store. 3. A) She’s bought the man a pair of glasses today. B) She will help the man to catch up. C) She is worried about the man’s health.D) She has bought the man an up-to-date map. 4. A) He is going to give a talk on fishing. B) He thinks fishing is a good way to kill time. C) He has the same hobby as Susan’s father. D) He is eager to meet Susan’s parents. 5. A) He finds the presentation hard to follow. B) He considers the presentation very dull. C) He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic. D) He speaks highly of the presentation. 6. A) High quality paper. B) A typewriter. C) A bookshelf. D) Some stocks. 7. A) They go to the seaside. B) They set off early. C) They go sightseeing. D) They wait for a fine day. 8. A) He was late for school on the first day. B) He had a funny face. C) He was the first person she met at school. D) He liked to show off in class. 9. A) Her car can stand any crash. B) Her car is not as good as his. C) Her car is maintained as well as his. D) Her car is kept in good condition. 10. A) She is too busy to go. B) She doesn’t want to wait long. C) She’s willing to go swimming. D) She enjoys the wonderful weather.Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage one Question 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) He was once a friend of the ruler. B) He was a tax collector. C) He was a government official. D) He was once a school teacher in India. 12. A) To declare new ways of collecting tax. B) To entertain those who had made great contributions to the government. C) To collect money from the persons invited. D) To reward outstanding tax collectors. 13. A) They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.B) They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler. C) They were excused from paying income tax. D) They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the ruler’s palace.Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) They liked traveling. B) They wanted to find a better place to live in. C) They were driven out of their homes. D) The reasons are unknown. 15. A) They try to put up with Gypsies. B) They are envious of Gypsies. C) They are unfriendly to Gypsies. D) They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies. 16. A) Special schools have been set up for them. B) Permanent homes have been built for them. C) They are now taught in their own language. D) They are now allowed to attend local schools.Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A) The causes are obvious. B) The causes are very complicated. C) The causes are familiar. D) The causes are not well understood. 18. A) Regular driver training. B) Improved highway design. C) Stricter traffic regulations. D) Better public transportation. 19. A) Highway crime. B) Poor traffic control. C) Confusing road signs. D) Drivers’ errors. 20. A) Designing better cars. B) Building more highways. C) Increasing people’s awareness of traffic problems. D) Enhancing drivers’ sense of responsibility.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding foryou and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 21. Behavior problems of dogs are believe to _______. A) be just part of their nature B) worsen in modern society C) occur when they go wild D) present a threat to the community 22. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______. A) teach the dog to perform clever tricks B) make the dog aware of its owner’s authority C) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior D) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior 23. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______. A) essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems B) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks C) a good way to teach the dog new tricks D)an extreme measure in obedience training 24. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A) To avoid being punished. B) To show their affection for their masters. C) To win leadership of the dog pack. D) To show their willingness to obey. 25. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______. A) can give the dog more rewards B) will enjoy a better family life C) can give the dog more freedom D) will have more confidence in himselfPassage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:。

下半年英语写作全国卷

下半年英语写作全国卷2000年下半年英语写作（全国卷）Ⅰ.Supply the missing conclusion（20 points）Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion of about 100words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with thepassage provided.Big Ideas in Small WordsIn English, most often short words are as good as long ones, and simplewords like"bright sun","fresh air"and"sweet home" are best of all. Thoughsmall, these words can meet our needs with grace, charm and strength, andcan cast a clear light on big things like：war and peace, love and hate, andlife and death.As has been said in THE MIRACLE OF ALNGUAGE by Richard Lederer, many of thepithy proverbs use very simple words in the expression of excellent ideas,"Where there is a will, there is a way","Rome was not built in a day","Twoheads are better than one", to name only a few.Many of the ancient poets and orators recognized the power of small words inmaking a straight line between two minds.Several hundred years ago, William Shakespeare used small simple words inhis play KING LEAR:"And my poor fool is hang'd!No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life, and thou nobreath at all?…"In the Bible, with which many English speakers are familiar, the short wordswhich describe the beginning of human life sound like this: And God said,let there be light, and there was light. And God saw the light, and it was good.Modern great leaders or poets have also been using simple English words intheir speeches or writings. During World War Ⅱ when Hitler was nearlyoccupying the whole of Europe, and many people thought the end of mankindwas drawing near, Winston Churchill responded in his ringing words:"Let'sfight by sea, land, and air, with all our might and with all the strengththat God can give us."A tit-for-tat struggle was forged, and Hitler wasdefeated. And now let's hear what Robert Frost said in his poem THE DEATH OFTHE HIRED MAN:"Home is the place where, when you have to go there, they haveto take you in."Even more terse words are probably ten two-letter words byWilliam H. Johnson when he described his secret of success,"If it is to be,it is up to me."Ⅱ.Write an outline（20 points）Read the following passage carefully and compose a"sentence outline"for it.Foreign Graduates Dominate US ProgramsFor at least 10 years, most students earning doctoral degrees in science orengineering in the United States have been from other countries.In 1996, about 40 percent of the science and engineering doctorates awardedin the United States went to foreign students, and three out of four went toforeigh-born minorities, according to the National Science Foundation.At the University of Texas at Austin, for example, 108 of the 187 graduatestudents studying computer science are non。

2000下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语写作基础(1)

2000下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语写作基础(1)各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢ⅰ.重写句子（本大题共10小题，每小题分，共15分）rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement.example: the history of english words is the history of our civilization in many ways.（periodic sentence）in many ways, the history of english words is the history of our civilization.is a good student. he studies hard and grasps concepts well. （compound sentence）felt like talking a walk after watching the SUNset.（periodic sentence）they were waiting in line for theconcert tickets, the rain stopped.（loose sentence）tape recorder was not working right, so i returned it to the store. （complex sentence）letter is from my foreign friend. the letter arrived today.（simple sentence）could take a taxi. we could walk to the restaurant.（compound sentence）you want me to clean your windows, please give me a week’s notice. i am very busy this month.（compound-complex sentence）bought a ticket to the play. she went out for dinner. she arrived at the theater by 8:00.（parallel structure）roommate was waiting for me at the door. he had a book in his hand. （simple sentence）needed butter to make the cookie better. i couldn’t find any. i used vegetable oil instead.（compound sentence）ⅱ.改写病句（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）correct the errors in the following sentences.example: after seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. i resolved never to buy that brand again.after seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. i resolved never to buy that brand again.sales are up, therefore, your bonus is forthcoming.worked together on the assembly line. moving quickly and efficiently. they wanted to make as much money as possible.the parade, my wallet was stolen.a publisher rejects a novel, it is either BECause the story is unsaleable or the author is unknown.new car not only is more user-friendly, but also it is more comfortable than ourold one.ⅲ.标出主题句（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）the best topic sentence from the group below. write the letter of the choice in the blank.a、temperatures in the western hemisphere have stayed the same in the past century.b、temperatures in the western hemisphere are being studied by scientists.c、temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming.d、temperatures in the western hemisphere are being changed.answer：__________________________________ __________________________the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. i don’t like algebra this emester, and i’m not too fond of history. but i’m enjoying my racquetballclass a lot. i’m getting a lot of exercise, and i’m also enjoying the game. we usually play partners and compete in small tournaments within the class. the competition is fun, and playing partners keeps it relaxed. i also have found that i have some ability in racquetball that i haven’t had in other sports. i may sign up for intermediate racquetball next semester.the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph.各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢。

2000年考研英语真题及解析.

2000年英语试题答案Passage 1一、核心词汇注释at a loss困惑，不知所措例：I’m at a loss what to do next. 我对下一步做什么心里没谱。

casualtyn. 1. ［C］(事故或战斗中的)伤亡人员*2. ［C］（某特定事件或情况造成的）受害者，损坏物例：Small shops have been a casualty of the recession. 小商店在经济萧条中深受其害。

3. ［U］急救室，急诊室fadevi. *1.to gradually disappear逐渐消失例：Her beauty has faded a little. 她的美貌已有点失色。

2. to become weaker physically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或死亡）vt.&vi.（使）褪色；（使）失去光泽例：The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒得褪了色。

glowinga. 1.发红光的，白热的2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的，例：a glowing account/report热情洋溢的叙述/报道*3.光明的，辉煌的；glow v.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉handicapvt. give or be a disadvantage to sb/sth对（某人、某物）设置不利条件; 被施加不利条件例：be handicapped by a lack of education 因文化水平低而吃亏n.［C］1.（由于受到损坏而产生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾*2.障碍，不利条件例：Illiteracy is a serious handicap in life. 不能读写是生活中的严重障碍。

3.（比赛或竞赛中加给强手的）不利条件（以示公平）例：She had a handicap of 7 in golf. 她在高尔夫球比赛中让了7杆。

2000年下半年英语(二)(全国卷)

Ⅱ.Cloze Test （10 points, 1 point for each）
下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母的字母涂黑。
Although American informality（不拘礼节）is well known, many new visitors think that it indicates a "lack of respect." This is especially true in the business world. Americans often use first names 11 meeting a stranger and do not always shake hands. They often just smile and say "Hi" or "Hello," 12 than using a more formal hand shake. It is good to remember that to an American such an informal greeting really means the 13 thing as a more formal hand shake someplace else. 14, Americans do not usually give a special "farewell" or hand shake to each person when they leave a party or business meeting. They will often just wave good-bye to the whole group or perhaps say, "Well, so long everybody, I'll see you tomorrow." They then will leave. 15 hand shakes. Americans seem 16 totally hurried and hard working or totally informal and at ease. Often you will see men working at office desks 17 their suit coats and ties. They may lean far back in their chairs and even put their feet up on the desk 18 they talk on the telephone.

2000年小学英语听力考试真题

2000年小学英语听力考试真题2000 Primary English Listening Test Questions Part A: Listen and choose the correct answer.1. What is the girl's favorite color?A. BlueB. YellowC. Green2. What does Tom like to do in his free time?A. Play basketballB. Watch moviesC. Read books3. Where is Sarah from?A. ChinaB. JapanC. Korea4. What did Jane do last weekend?A. Went to the parkB. Had a picnicC. Watched a movie5. How many brothers does Lucy have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreePart B: Listen and fill in the blanks.6. Sarah has ________ cats and ________ dogs.7. Tom's favorite fruit is ________.8. Lucy's birthday is ________.9. Jane's favorite subject is ________.10. There are ________ students in the classroom. Part C: Listen and answer the questions.11. What did Lucy do on her summer vacation?12. What is Sarah's favorite animal?13. Where did Tom go last weekend?14. What does Jane want to be when she grows up?15. How many siblings does Lucy have?Part D: Listen and match the picture with the correct description.16. A boy playing soccer.17. A girl reading a book.18. A family having a picnic.19. Children playing in the park.20. A girl dancing.Part E: Listen and choose the correct sentence.21. A. The dog is sleeping on the bed.B. The cat is sleeping on the bed.22. A. The boy is riding a bike.B. The girl is riding a bike.23. A. It is sunny today.B. It is raining today.24. A. The flowers are red.B. The flowers are blue.25. A. The computer is broken.B. The TV is broken.Part F: Listen and complete the dialogue.A: Hi, ________.B: Hi, Sarah. How are you?A: I'm ________.B: That's ________. What did you do yesterday?A: I ________ to the movies with my friends.B: ________ was the movie?A: It was ________.Part G: Listen and match the question with the correct answer.26. How old are you?27. What is your favorite food?28. Where do you live?29. What sports do you like?30. What do you want to do in the future?A. I want to be a doctor.B. I am 10 years old.C. I like pizza.D. I live in New York.E. I like playing tennis.This is the end of the listening test. Thank you for your participation!。

2000年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷)

Unit 3 Pardon MeLesson 17: Do Mistakes Matter?Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: pardon, mention, pocket, double, mistake, make a mistake, depend, commonOral words and expressions: Bruce, confused, confusing, depend on, bargainingTeaching aims:1. Know the cultural differences between China and western countries.2. Improve the students’ abilities of speaking English.Teaching Important Points:1. Target language: I made a mistake. He looks confused. Buying things in China is confusing.2. Train the students’ focus abilities and cooperation spirit.Teaching Difficult Points: the difficult cultures of different countriesTeaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesType of Lesson: new lessonTeaching procedures:Step1. Lead inThe teacher shows some pictures to the students with the Multi-media computer. The pictures show the differences between China and Western countries.From the people’s appearance and the colour of the skin，We can tell the differences. The others show cultural differences. We use chopsticks but they use the fork and knives.Divide the class into several groups and finish the task. Encourage the students to speak more. They can use their own pictures to help them.Step2. Listening taskListen to the text and answer the following question:1. Where is Bruce from?2. What does Bruce’s father do?3. How much does Li Ming pay for the two pops?4. How much did Bruce pay for one pop?Ask the students to listen carefully and answer the questions. We can arrange the students to listen to the part that is connected with the two questions.Step3. Read and find the new words:He looks confused.Buying things in China is confusing.I made a mistake.Let the students try to make sentences with the new words.Step4. Reading task:Read the text again and answer the questions:What are Bruce and Li Ming doing?Is Bruce confusing?Where don’t people try to change the price, in China or in North America?Encourage the students to ask more questions by themselves.Step5. Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the words given.1.My brother is _______(迷惑的).2.It is so ______(迷惑的) a thing.3.Does he often ______(犯错误)?This part is used to check if they have grasped the new words.Step6.ActivitySuppose you and Bruce are shopping, you are bargaining with the clerk. Bruce can bargain, too. Divide the class into several groups and talks about the questions. After a while, let the students act their out in front of the class.Encourage the students to speak loudly in front of the class. Choose the best group and praise them.Step7. Think about: What’s the difference between people in China and North America when they are shopping?Use the formal group to finish the task. When the students discuss, the teacher walks around the classroom to see if they need any help.Step8. Talk about: Where would you like to buy things, in shopping center or market?Let them debate the questions. As usual, the class can be divided into two groups. One group thinks the shopping center is good. The other thinks the market is better. Let them debate for five minutes. Then let one student in each group to sum the opinions of his own group.Step9. HomeworkFind more information about the differences between China and western countries.Summary:This interesting text is about bargaining in China. It’s based on the differe nt cultures between Chinese and Western countries. In some countries in North America, people don’t try to bargain, so some foreign friends feel confused when they buy things in China. Try to help them when you meet foreigners. Try to find more differences between Chinese and Western countries on the Internet.Lesson 18: Wait! Don’t Eat Yet!Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: society, politely, manner, especially, unless, polite, fork, serve, forever, act, compare, theirsOral words and expressions: custom, tablecloth, rude, toothpick, Spaghetti, sauceTeaching Aims:1. Find the differences between the Chinese and Western customs at table.2. Cultivate the students’ creation and cooperation spirit.Teaching Important Points:1. The expressions of similarities and differences.2. Grasp the Past Future Tense.Teaching Difficult Points:The expressions of similarities and differences.Teaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesType of Lesson: new lessonTeaching Procedures:Step1. Lead in: a pair work.The teacher asks the students the following question: Have you ever traveled to other places? Where have you been?Show some pictures with the help of the multi-media. The pictures are from Australia, France, China, England, America and Japan.Let the students discuss for 2 or 3 minutes. Then let them say in front of the class. When the student is speaking, the others can ask him or her questions about his subject.Step2. Listening taskListen and answer the following questions:1. Table manners in China and Canada are quite ______.2. In China, if your guests have no food on their plates, putting food on their plates is ______.3. It’s ______ to use a toothpick at the table.Finish the task in class in oral.Step3. Read the text and find out the sentences with the new words. All societies have customs about how to eat politely.We call these customs “table manners”.It’s okay to eat it, especially if it’s something dry, like a piec e of bread.In Canada, if you drop something on the tablecloth, you pick it up and put it on your plate. Parents are forever telling their children: “Don’t talk with your moth full!”Step4. Reading task:Read the text and decide the statements are true or false.1. In China, if you drop something on the tablecloth, you usually pick it up and eat it.2. In Canada, to finish the food in front of the class in rude.In China, everybody has a knife at the table. Exercises: Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the words given.1. I think______(sing) loudly at table is not polite.2. It’s rude ______ (point) to the others when you eat at table.3. His mother said he ______ (return) the fork to the restaurant tomorrow.4. Nobody ______(know) the secret except me.Step6.Activity:Project: What’s the story?1. Find pictures in magazines.2. Make up a quick story about your picture.3. Trade your picture with the students from another group. Practice:Show some pictures to the students. Let the students picture them. Show some different pictures in different situations. Let them give vivid description. When they finish one picture, try to show them the whole story. If we don’t have enough time, show them the main idea.Step8.ConsolidationSuppose you have a foreign friend. He will come to China. Make a chart. Write down his/her name, his nationality, his language and his aims. Show it to your partner, then finish it in class.Lesson 19：SayingsTeaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: culture, several, action, fly, as soon asOral words and expressions: saying, penny, earn, boil, hatch, judge, prevention, cure, worm, fence, spoil, broth, honey, vinegar, Nick, giggleTeaching Aims:1. Know more about the differences between the Chinese and Western table manners.2. Train the students focus abilities.3. Cultivate the students’ cooperation abilities.Teaching Important Points:1. Understanding the English saying.2. The expressions of similarities and differences.3. The past future tense.Teaching Difficult Points:Learn the expressions of similarities and differences between Chinese and Western countries on table manners and sayings.Teaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesType of Lesson: new lessonTeaching Procedures:Step1.Lead in:The teacher begins the class by discussing the question. It is a group activity. Ask the students to tell the manners at the table.In the activity, the students will think of many funny stories. Give them chance to speak in front of the class. Praise the groups that act well.Step2. Listening task:Listen and answer the following questions:1. Who does Nick sit beside?2. Is Nick full at last?Listening is necessary for training the students listening abilities. Remember to give them a few easy questions to answer.Step3. Reading task:Read and find the new words:But as soon as his bowl was empty, the grandmother put more in it.Wu Yang’s little sister giggled.Let the students make sentences with the new words.S1: The students stop talking as soon as the teacher comes in.S2: My mother came in as soon as I watched TV.S3: While I am speaking, Wang Y an giggles all the time.Step4. Read and find the difficult language points:1. Nick ate it all up.2. The grandmother kept giving him more.3. Wu Y ang was trying not to smile.Let the students try using the phrases in English.S5: I’m so hungry that I eat up all the food on the ta ble.S6: He was not good at English, but he kept trying his best. We all admire him.S7: Try to pass the exam, please.Step5. Divide the class into several groups in three or four. Guess the meanings of the English sayings.First let them exchange the meanings of the sayings in the group first. Then exchange the meanings in groups.Let the students decide which are the correct answers to the English sayings.Step6. Exercises:1.I will call you __________(一……就)I come back.2.Y ou must _________(解释) it to your parents.3.Although he failed, he kept _________(努力).4.What _______(其他的) can I do for you?If the teacher wants to know if they have grasped the language points of this lesson, he can give them some exercises to see the result.Step7. Project:It is a group activity. Divide the class into several groups to finish the task.The people in the st ory have a problem. They don’t understand each other very well.Write an ending for the story.Explain why you choose you ending. Search more information about the differences between China and western countries at the table.Lesson 20: Where I Come FromTeaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: greetingOral words and expressions: forgiveTeaching Aims:1. Know more about the cultural differences among different countries.2. Cultivate the students’ cooperation spirit.Teaching Important Points:1. The different greeting ways in different country.2. The Past Future Tense.Teaching Difficult Points:The similarities and differences.Teaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, pict uresType of lesson: new lessonTeaching Procedure:Step1. Lead in by discussing in groups. Finish the task with the help of the flashcards.Divide the class into groups of three or four. Let each group discuss the following questions with the help of the pictures.He /she will come to your home for dinner next Sunday.What will you prepare for him/her? Try to finish the task in five minutes.Step2. Listen to the tape and let the students sing after it for several times.Step3. Show a globe to the foreign students. Let’s see where we are. Ask some students come tothe front and point up where we are on the globe.A game. Ask two students to the front. Let’s who can find mo re places in limited time. The one who finds more is the winner.Step4. Read the text as a poem and find the new words. Then make sentences with in greeting, forgiveWhere I come from we shake hands in greeting and ask, “How are you?”During a meeting and forgive a mistake or two.Step5. Group work.Ask the students to say some special customs of the foreign countries. For example, the schools are different in China and other countries.Divide the class into groups of three or four to finish the task.Step6. ActivityWork in groups. Think about your culture. List some special Chinese customs that aren't found in other cultures.Step7. Homework1. Finish off the exercises in activity book.2. Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary:English songs sometimes are the same as the Chinese songs. They also describe a subject and the content is all about it. Because of the English songs, the students know more about the foreign customs and culture.Lesson 21: What’s in a Name?Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: given name, family name, sirOral words and expressions: formalTeaching Aims:1. Know more about the foreign culture.2. Cultivate the students’ learning abilit ies.Teaching Important Points:1. The structure of English names.2. The differences between English and Chinese names.Teaching Difficult Points:The structure of English names.Teaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesType of lesson: new lessonTeaching Procedure:Step1. Lead in by discussing: How much do you know about the differences between Chinese and Western names?Work in groups. Then one of the members of the groups gives a report to the class.Step2. Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.1. In Western countries, people have ______names.2. _______ is Li Ming’s first name. Finish the task in class in oral.Step3. Read and find the new words in the text.1. My given names are “Brian” and “James”.2. My family name is “Smith”.3. That’ formal in English.Practice the new words in class.Stp4. The language points:I’m a little confused.But in China it comes last!What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion?Make sentences with the language points.Step5. Practice:Tell us why Danny is confused. If you understand, give us an example.Let some students say give some examples to show the differences between Chinese and English names.Step6. Work with a partner. Write a dialogue in which Brian and Wang Mei meet and introduce themselves. What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion.Step7. HomeworkGive English names to each of your family members.Summary:English names are so different from Chinese names that some Chinese students are confused about them. Let the students choose English names themselves. Then they c an choose English names for their family members. I believe practice makes perfect.Lesson 22: Do Manners Matter?Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: praiseOral words and expressions: JoeTeaching Aims:1. Know more about the foreign culture.2. Cultivate the students’ abilities about learning English.Teaching Important Points:1. Good manners in China and North America.2. Apologies, similarities and differences.3. Past Future Tense.Teaching Difficult Tense:Past Future Tense.Teaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesType of lesson: new lessonTeaching Procedure:Step1. Lead in by a group work.Ask the students to tell the differences about the manners when you receive the presents.Work in groups of three or four. Everyone writes his or her answers down on a piece of paper. Then exchange their ideas. Next sum the main ideas and present them to the class.Step2. Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks with the correct words.1. Wu Zhou has lived in Canada for ______ years.2. Good manners in North America are ______ from good manners in China.3. When people give you gifts in Canada, you ______ them with many words.Finish the task in class in oral.Step3. Read the text and decide the following statements are true or false.1. In North America, there are no words for being polite.2. When people giv e you gifts in Canada, you might say, “I don’t want your gift.”3. Wu Zhou is a teacher in a university in Canada.Finish the task in class in oral.Step4. Read the text again. Tell the main idea of the text and encourage the students to ask more questions about the text. They can ask questions like these:S1: Wu Zhou calls himself Joe Wu, why?S2: Because “Joe” is an English name that sounds like “Zhou”.S3: If you don’t say “please” or “thank you”, what will people think of you?S4: They will think you are rude.Step5. ActWork with your partner. Suppose you receive a present from your friends, what will you say if you are Chinese and what will you say if you are Canadian?Act your dialogue out in front of the class. Let the students get the differences by their acting. Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”Before we do this, the teacher can show the students more about the differences between Chinese and Canadian culture on the Internet.Divide the class into groups of three or four to finish the task. Everyone write his or her ideas down then exchange the ideas in the group. Make up a dialogue or give a report. Then present it in front of the class.Step7. Homework1. Finish the exercises in the activity book.2. Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary:The culture differences show in different ways. Let the students think of more situations and let’s find out how to do on the Internet. Teach the students how to learn is more important than what to learn. So give the students more time to practice in class.Lesson 23: Supper with the BradshawsTeaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: troubleOral words and expressions: peppermint, traditionTeaching Aims:1. Know about the similarities and differences between China and Western countries.2. Cultivate the students’ abilities.Teaching Important Points:1. Apologies.2. Similarities and differences.3. Past Future Tense.Teaching Difficult Points:Past Future TenseTeaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesType of lesson: new lessonTeaching Procedure:Step1. Lead in by discussing what you will do when your friends say goodbye to you.Divide the class into groups of three or four. Everyone writes their ideas dow n then exchange them in groups. Sum the idea s then give a report in front of the class.Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:1. We just came home from the ______.2. Bruce and his father had trouble with Chinese ______ and culture.3. Last night, we eat in the ______.Finish the task in class in oral.Step3. Scan the text and answer1. Did Bruce and his father make mistakes in China?2. Western people never eat duck’s feet, do they?3. Does Li Ming like peppermints?Finish the task in class in oral.Step4. Read the text again. Find the sentences with the new words.But he and his father sometimes had trouble with Chinese customs and culture.At the end of the meal, Mr. Bradshaw opened a box of peppermint candies.In good Chinese tradition, I told him that I enjoyed it.Show some pictures to help the students remember the new words.Step5. Act it out.Divide the class into several groups. Ask each group to act one part of the text out. Before doing this, let them read the text fluently and decide which part to act it out.If they don’t have real peppermints or something they must use, they can use something else to replace them.Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.Divide the class into groups. Ask them to discuss what makes them embarrassed when they are guests at a dinner. Everyone writes his ideas down. Then exchange them in groups. At last, one of the groups sums the group’s ideas and presents it in front of the class.They can write a diary entry, an e-mail or a letter about the dinner.Step7. Homework1. Finish off the exercises in the activity book.2. Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary:It is not easy to make friends with foreigners. It is helpful to know more about the differences between Chinese and western customs and culture. Acting the text out is interesting. The teacher can ask the students to bring something useful into the class. If they don’t have real ones, they can use something to replace it.Lesson 24: Unit ReviewTeaching Content:Mastery words and expressions from Lesson17 to Lesson23.Oral words and expressions from Lesson17 to Lesson23.Teaching Aims:1. Know about the differences between Chinese and western customs and culture.2. Cultivate t he students’ learning abilities and cooperation spirit.Teaching Important Points:1. Apologies.2. Similarities and differences.3. The past future tense.Teaching Difficult Points:The past future tense.Teaching Preparation: picturesTeaching Aids: flashcards, audiotape, picturesTeaching Procedure:Step1. Show some pictures about different table manners to the students. Encourage the students to act out a dialogue to show the differences. Give them five minutes. Let the students act in front of the class.Step2. Ask the students to talk about the different customs and culture between China and western countries. Show some pictures to remind the students. They can show them in all kinds of styles. They can make a dialogue or write a passage.Step3. Finish the exercises in class in oral. Write some problems down on the blackboard. Discuss in the class. Then choose the correct answer.Step4. Come to “Grammar in Use”.Let the students make more sentences with the past future tense. It is often used in the object clause, when the subject is past tense, the object clause is often used the past future tense. Encourage them to give more examples to practice it.Step5. Come to “Speaking the Language”.Ask volunteers to act the dialogue out in front of the class. Encourage the students to make other dialogues and act them out.Step6. Come to “Written work”.Let the students write it as homework if we can’t finish it in class. It’s practice of the main ideas of this unit. It can also build the stude nts’ vocabulary.Step7. Homework1. Finish off the exercises in activity book.2. Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary:The students practice their reading, speaking and written English in this text. It is used to build the stud ents’ vocabulary. The teacher must make full use of this part. At the same time, encourage them to remind the main ideas of this unit. Give them more time to use what we learn in this unit. S2: My mother came in as soon as I watched TV.S3: While I am speaking, Wang Y an giggles all the time.Step4. Read and find the difficult language points:1. Nick ate it all up.2. The grandmother kept giving him more.3. Wu Y ang was trying not to smile.Let the students try using the phrases in English.S5: I’m so hungry that I eat up all the food on the table.S6: He was not good at English, but he kept trying his best. We all admire him.S7: Try to pass the exam, please.Step5. Divide the class into several groups in three or four. Guess the meanings of the English sayings.First let them exchange the meanings of the sayings in the group first. Then exchange the meanings in groups.Let the students decide which are the correct answers to the English sayings.Step6. Exercises:1.I will call you __________(一……就)I come back.2.Y ou must _________(解释) it to your parents.3.Although he failed, he kept _________(努力).4.What _______(其他的) can I do for you?If the teacher wants to know if they have grasped the language points of this lesson, he can give them some exercises to see the result.Step7. Project:It is a group activity. Divide the class into several groups to finish the task.The people in the story have a problem. They don’t understand each other very well.Write an ending for the story.Explain why you choose you ending. Search more information about the differences between China and western countries at the table.用心爱心专心。

2000年英语一试卷

2000年英语一试卷第一部分：听力（30分）Section A（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. What does the woman mean?A. She doesn't like the movie.B. She has seen the movie.C. She wants to see the movie.2. Where are the two speakers?A. In a restaurant.B. In a store.C. In a library.3. How much should the man pay?A. 10.B. 15.C. 20.4. What is the man going to do?A. Go to work.B. Have a rest.C. See a doctor.5. When will the meeting start?A. At 9:00.B. At 9:15.C. At 9:30.SectionB（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Conversation 16. What is the man's job?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A salesman.7. What is the woman interested in?A. The man's product.B. The man's company.C. The man's experience.Conversation 28. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Father and daughter.C. Brother and sister.9. What are they talking about?A. A party.B. A trip.C. A movie.10. When will they leave?A. Tomorrow.B. Next week.C. Next month.SectionC（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面一段独白，回答第11 - 15题。

2000年下半年英语(一)(全国卷)

[A]for [B]to [C]on [D]about
4.It is a good idea for parents to monitor the ______ as well as the kind of television that their preschool child watches.
21.What may have been discussed in the previous paragraphs?
[A]The essay test.
[B][How teachers test their students.
[C]How students write their essays.
[A]but [B]instead [C]because [D]then
9.Generally,the children stay in the nuclear family______ they grow up and marry.
[A]although [B]as [C]until [D]where
Besides, in an essay test the student's score may depend upon the examiner's feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this, the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.

2000年考研英语试题及参考答案（2）

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride." American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government," It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as" a golden age of business management in the United States."51.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____ .［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____ .［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____ .［A］turning of the business cycle［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management［D］success in educationPassage 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, by babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when the are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on itsweight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years even the pass 100year our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates.［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate.［D］A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____ .［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution［B］Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature［D］Human Evolution Going NowherePassage 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says; for a noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts andemotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.'This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly____ .［A］a survey of new approaches to art［B］a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appers, people should try to_____ .［A］determine its purposes［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions［D］accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must____ .［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.。

2000年考研英语真题(可复制、可搜索)

绝密★启用前2000年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance_3_the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to_5_the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation-----2 _and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low_9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable.1.[A J other than[BJ as well as [CJ instead of [DJ more than2.[A J only if[BJ much as [CJ long before [DJ ever smce3.[AJ for[BJ against [CJ of [DJ towards4.[A J replace[BJ purchase [CJ supplement [DJ dispose5.[AJ enhance[BJ mlX [CJ feed [DJ raise6.[A J vessels[BJ routes [CJ paths [DJ channels7.[AJ self confident[BJ self sufficient [CJ self satisfied [DJ self restrained8.[A J search[BJ save [CJ offer [DJ seek9.[A J proportion[BJ percentage [CJ rate [DJ ratio10.[A J genuinely[BJ obviously [CJ presumably [DJ frequentlySection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. ( 40 points)Text 1A histo ry of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best; its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of forei gn competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Forei gn-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool indust ry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. T he mid-1980s brought one inqui ry after another into the causes of America' s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard' s Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,"says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."11.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ____ _[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal.[ B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before.[ C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors.[ D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy.12.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American -----[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market.[ B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by forei gn enterprises.[ C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions.[ D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market.13.What can be inferred from the passage?[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[ C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[ D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ___ _[A]turning of the business cycle[ B]restructuring of industry[ C]improved business management[ D]success in educationText2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100, 000 years even the past 100 years our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they " l ook at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension. "No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[ B]A fierce competition.[ C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.16.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[ B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[ C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[ D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ____ _[A]life has been improved by technological advance[ B]the number of female babies has been declining[ C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[ D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.[BJ Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution.[ C]The Evolutionary Future of N ature.[ D]Human Evolution Going N owhere.Text3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modem stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff1 Pluff1 A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?19.This passage is mainly ____ _[A]a survey of new approaches to art[ B]a review of Futurist poetry[ C]about merits of the Futurist movement[ D]about laws and requirements of literature20.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ____ _[A]determine its purposes[ B]ignore its flaws[ C]follow the new fashions[ D]accept the principles21.Futurists claim that we must ____ _[A]increase the production of literature[ B]use poetry to relieve modern stress[ C]develop new modes of expression[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs22.The author believes that Futurist poetry is ____ _[A]based on reasonable principles[ B]new and acceptable to ordinary people[ C]indicative of a basic change in human nature[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literatureText 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67 .2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by forei gn ers for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely i gn ored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party ' s education committee. " F rustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild. " Last year Japan experienced 2, 125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.23.In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was ____ _[A]under aimless development[BJ a positive example[ C]a rival to the West[ D]on the decline24.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[ C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25.Which of the following is true according to the author _____ ?[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[ C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[ D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that ____ _[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[ C]the Japanese endure more than ever before[ D]the Japanese appreciate their present lifeTextsIf ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over one' s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of h yp ocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine h yp ocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ____ _[A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[ B]it is rewarded with money, fame and power[ C]its goals are spiritual rather than material[ D]it is shared by the rich and the famous28.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ____ _[A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[BJ too late to check ambition once it has been let out[ C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ____ _[A]they think of it as immoral[ B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth[ C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits[ D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained __ .[A]secretly and vigorously[ B]openly and enthusiastically[ C]easily and momentarily[ D]verbally and spirituallyPartBDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31 ) Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32 ) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its a gr iculture and industry, and that this in tum rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34 ) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass mi gr ation movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modem means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.Section m Writing36.Directions:A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B.Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:1)Describe the pictures.2)Deduce the purpose of t he painter of the pictures.3)Suggest counter-measures.。