您的位置：360文档中心› 2017-2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考英语试题及答案

2017-2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考英语试题及答案

合集下载

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。

上海市黄浦区2018高三英语一模试题

上海市黄浦区2018高三英语一模试题

黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resumé.C. Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC.8. A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful.9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements.10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesn’t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished.12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurring to her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera.C. Do some research for her writing.D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist.16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’ (21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why?Because peopl e want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it. But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also h as called for regulations on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we’d l ike to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Wor ld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named “the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website 31 the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its 32 Travelers' Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly, this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) 33 young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it's not really a pub anymore. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in 34 for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining 35 .It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable 36 , offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly 37 location. It's usually booked up well in advance with 38 coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another 39 two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York— 40 the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?“With extreme 41 ” is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. “We d o n’t41. A. accuracy B. carefulness C. enthusiasm D. generosity42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend43. A. get back B. look into C. take out D. turn to44. A. desire B. energy C. money D. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measures D. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. target D. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategy D. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthier D. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go ahead D. go up50. A. funds B. levels C. selections D. rates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recovered D. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obvious D. socialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow ol der for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. The y’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big story( B )B BC SHOPEntertaining. Informing. Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) –inspiring look at our planet’s wildest, most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13)– entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time forthe holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in thisexciting historical drama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, the man who loves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid with a thieving past, and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins. 3¾ hours.DVD 21024 $34.99 YOUR PRICE: ￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins – perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year. Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients –flour, butter, sugar and salt. Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candyfor many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.Angel 21042 $19.98Santa 21043 $19.9860. Tom’s wife is a home baker, so he’d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.A. 8B. 9C. 13D. 4161. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “The Moment”?A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D. It is based on Wikie Collins’ most famous detective novel.62. What can be learned about the shortbread?A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was wo rn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh –it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in theconsumer behavior would be, ‘If they have more money, they’ll spend more money,’”she said. “That isn’t always necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can’t.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office —about 70% of US offices are open concept —and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that are n’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s pa rticularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。

上海市2017-2018年各区高三英语一模试题汇编--摘要写作(Summary-Writing)-老师版(全部带答案已经校对)

上海市2017-2018年各区高三英语一模试题汇编--摘要写作(Summary-Writing)-老师版(全部带答案已经校对)

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.Keys:Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentallybeneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble co ncentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.Keys:Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (40 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）Keys:Violence is officially reported to have become the greatest threat to teenagers’ lives, andstudents should learn to how to manage conflict.While conflict is inevitable, which students should know, keeping calm and carefully listening to each other is advisable.Reviewing what they hear and understanding what the real issue is will make the conflict become smaller.（58 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Keys:Fog, a concentration of tiny water droplets suspending in the air, is airline and airport operators’ enemy, but machines have helped to win the war against it. The fog-sweeping machine dissipates common fog, and the cloud-seeding machine can eliminate cold fog. Another weapon enables pilots to “see” the runway through the fog. (55 words)IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’sfeelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Keys:People may hesitate to help when they see children abused by their parents in public because they are afraid to embarrass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since children are too young to stand up for themselves, we are obliged to intervene, which may have a lifelong effect on their future/growth. (58 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for no w,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Keys:Two measures have been taken to save California condors from extinction for decades. First, to keep condors away from electrical lines, electric shock training let them experience bitter but not fatal shock. Second to clear lead from their blood, some are given medical treatment at the zoo. As the statistics show, these efforts have had good results.(57 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link be tween their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.Keys:Evidence shows that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recently study finds that fathers also have positive influence. They can help children feel more optimistic and self-confident, which boosts the math score of teenage girls and the language abilities of boys. Therefore, fathers should be encouraged to convey care and recognition to their children. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.Keys:The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harm s innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.Keys:Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” thatmatters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”Keys:By asking the students to guess the colleges some celebrities attended and to investigate the educational background of their successful acquaintances, high school programmes indicate that the successful people don’t necessarily graduate from famous colleges.According to a research, not the universities people attended but their proper time management, efforts and willingness contribute most to lifelong success. (57 words)/By launching a campaign in which the students get to know the educational background of some famous and successful people, some high school instructing projects are intended to reveal that compared with the colleges the students attend, the efforts they made during the college count. Besides, students’ willingness and the eagerness to learn account more for lifelong success.(58 words)/With worthwhile guidance counseling programmes informing not “Where you go” but proper time management counts, the students and their parents are shocked to discover some celebrities didn’t graduate from first-class university. Nationwide research found high SATs didn’t mean high income. Those who applied but rejected will be successful if motivated, ambitious and active in learning. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed prese ntation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.Keys:Such sales strategies as narrative, suggestive and consultative strategies can improve a company’s sales. The narrative strategy refers to a standard presentation suitable for buyers with similar motives, while the suggestive strategy means the salesperson should offer alternative choices of a particular customer. Finally, the presentation in consultative strategy is designed to meet a consumer’s specific needs.(60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them。

2018届高三第一次联考 新课标Ⅲ卷 英语(有答案)

2018届高三第一次联考 新课标Ⅲ卷 英语(有答案)

英语试题 第1页（共8页） 英语试题 第2页（共8页）绝密★启用前|2018年第一次全国大联考【新课标III 卷】第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ATop Music FestivalsFestival season is just kicking off, and there is a lot to look forward to in the upcoming months. Firefly Music FestivalMany people haven’t thought of going to Delaware for a summer vacation, but mid-June is a great time to plan this trip if you love music. Headliners for this year’s show are The Weekend, Muse, Twenty -One Pilots, Chance the Rapper, and Bob Dylan.Date: June 15—18，2017Location: Dover, Delaware, USA Music Type: Rock Price: $79—$2,499 Roskilde FestivalThis Denmark music festival has been a local tradition since 1971. There will be nine stages for this year’s events to host groups like the Foo Fighters, Blink 182, and The Lumineers. What’s interesting about this festival is that in addition to the big headliners, you can also get to know up-and-coming regional artists from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.Date: June 24—July 1, 2017 Location: Roskilde, DenmarkMusic Type: Rock, emerging regional artistsPrice: DKK 995—DKK 1,995 (around $144—$289) Secret SolsticeWith long, dark, and cold winters, nobody celebrates summer quite like Icelanders. To see for yourself, plan a trip to Iceland this June to check out the Secret Solstice festival. Not only will you enjoy seeing bands like Radiohead and Afrika Bambaataa, but you can also experience the other-worldly landscapes and geothermal(地热的) springs nearby as well.Date: June 15—18, 2017 Location: Reykjavik Iceland Music Type: Eclectic, IndiePrice: €149— €1,599 (around $160—$1, 725) Montreal Jazz FestivalAll jazz lovers owe it to themselves to check out the Montreal Jazz Festival at least once in a lifetime. This event brings together some of the best names in jazz music, as well as diverse R&B, funk(骤停打击乐), and soul artists.Date: June 28—July 8, 2017Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Music Type: Jazz, R&B, Soul, Funk Price: $27.25—$210.2521. What is common to the music festivals mentioned in the text? A. They are held in Europe. B. They take place in summer.C. They are given in the open air.D. Their music types are rock and hip-hop.22. What can we infer about Delaware from the text? A. It is the city of music. B. It is a city of high expense. C. It is the home of Bob Dylan. D. It is not a summer destination. 23. What is the purpose of Icelanders to hold the Secret Solstice festival? A. To welcome summer. B. To memorize the past winter. C. To celebrate the coming of spring. D. To advise the local beautiful landscapes.BFor the last eight years, Jo Meade rode her bike each Sunday on a 16-mile round trip to her job washing dishes. It took more than an hour each way. Other days of the week she would spend two hours on three buses from her apartment to get to the other work, for a four-hour round trip.That was the ＂before ＂ part of her life. The ＂after ＂ part of her life was started by the community Police Officer Trevor Arnold, who delivered a used car to her with the help of a car dealer and other donors.Arnold, who spotted Meade, red and sweaty, riding her bike in the worst heat this summer, decided he would get her a car. He intended to quietly buy her a used car out of his own pocket, so he turned to his friend Kody Slaght, a car salesman, to ask about a car priced $1,000. That wasn’t enough for a reliable ride, Slaght said, but the dealership said they would find a good car for her at a good price. Soon others were donating. Slaght and Arnold wouldn’t say how much the car cost, but the value is about $4,000.Arnold said he was motivated by Meade’s work ethic (职业道德) to help. ＂I see a lot of hardworking people but that’s when they are at work. Can you imagine spending four hours of your day getting to and from work?＂ he said.Meade’s boss said she was awesome and really reliable when she worked and she got along with others. ＂She’s willing to ride the three buses to get here on her day off if we need her to.＂Meade was planning to buy a car, but she has n’t been able to afford it. ＂Trevor, he is a very good guy. I did not expect this.＂ Meade said.24. Which of the following best describes Jo Meade’s work? A. Boring. B. Exhausting. C. Permanent. D. Demanding. 25. Why did Slaght disagree to buy a car priced $1,000? A. The car was too expensive for Meade. B. The car was beyond Arnold’s affordability. C. The car had been donated to another person. D. The car was not in good condition of driving. 26. What inspired Arnold to buy a car for Meade? A. Arnold’s sympathy to Meade. B. Arnold’s duty as a policeman. C. Meade’s commitment to work. D. Meade’s desire for a better life. 27. What can we infer about Meade’s opinion on the donated car? A. Picky. B. Surprised. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.CRow after row they marched — thousands of larger-than-life figures frozen in clay, a phalanx(方阵) of officials defend ing the tomb of China’s first emperor. Silently they guarded beneath the soil for 2,200 years, until a farmer digging a well in 1974 found broken piece s of unparalleled significance near China’s early capital city, Xianyang.Now those fierce warriors have reached the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts(VMFA) to tell their extraordinary story. The exhibition will be on display at VMFA from Saturday, November 18, 2017 through March 11, 2018 before traveling to the Cincinnati Art Museum. Ten of the clay figures will stand with a total of 130 objects from 14 museums and archaeological institutes in China’s Shaanxi P rovince, where the current city of Xi’an is located. Forty of the objects have never left China before. Beyond the life-size clay figures, the exhibit brings perspective with objects that range from bronze spearheads found in the emperor’s tomb to a small gold tiger that pre -dated英语试题第3页（共8页）英语试题第4页（共8页）him by more than 250 years.The fascination draws lots of visitors wherever the terracotta figures have traveled. The National Geographic Museum in Washington had a record-setting 280,000 people at its four-month exhibit of 15 figures in 2009—2010. Chicago’s Field Museum attracted 460,000 to its 10-month exhibit that ended in January.At the same time with the VMFA exhibit, Philadelphia’s Franklin Institute will have a terracotta warriors exhibit that focuses on the science and technology that went into their creation. VMFA focuses on why they were created and how they fit into China’s long sweep of history. Ea ch institution has 10 life-size terracotta figures on display, giving an unprecedented(空前的) opportunity to study them in depth.The VMFA exhibition is divided into three sections. The first one introduces the emperor; the second puts him in context with artifacts from the warring states; the third shows his journey into the afterlife.28. According to Paragraph 2, some of the items on display .A. have not gone abroadB. have just been discoveredC. are from museums all over ChinaD. were earlier than China’s first emperor29. How many American cities will hold the exhibition of terracotta warriors?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.30. How do Americans think of terracotta warriors?A. Attractive.B. Aggressive.C. Professional.D. Conservative.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Terracotta Warriors of ChinaB. The Exhibit of China’s First EmperorC. Terracotta Warriors Exhibits in the USD. New Discoveries in Terracotta WarriorsDGenealogy, also known as family history, is the study of families and the footmarks of their lineages(家系) and history. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to prove kinship(亲属关系) and lineages of its members. The results are often displayed in charts or written as descriptions.The pursuit of family history and origins tends to be shaped by several impetuses, including the desire to carve out a place for one’s family in the larger historical picture, a sense of responsibility to preserve the past for future generations, and a sense of self-satisfaction in accurate storytelling.In communitarian societies, one’s identity is established as much by one’s kin network a s by individual achievement, and the question ＂Who are you?＂would be answered by a description of father, mother, and lineages. New Zealand Māori, for example, learn genealogies to discover who they are.In societies such as Australia or the United States, there was by the 20th-century growing pride in the pioneers and nation-builders. Establishing descent(继承) from these was, and is, important to such groups as the Daughters of the American Revolution(DAR).Modern family history explores new sources of status, such as celebrating the rebirth of families that survived generations of poverty or slavery, or the success of families in combining across racial or national boundaries. Some family histories even emphasize links to celebrity criminals, such as the bushranger(绿林好汉) Ned Kelly in Australia.The growing interest in family history in the media coupled with easier access to online records has allowed those who are curious to do so to start investigating their ancestry. This curiosity can be particularly strong among those whose family histories were lost or unknown due to, for example, adoption or separation from family, perhaps as a result of bereavement(丧失).32. Which of the following is connected with genealogy?A. The DNA tests.B. Historical novels.C. Political positions.D. Education standards.33. What is the meaning of the underlined word ＂impetuses＂in Paragraph 2?A. Results.B. Drives.C. Categories.D. Exploitations.34. Why do Māori study genealogies?A. To get achievements.B. To learn their origins.C. To change their identities.D. To create their kin network.35. What do we know about genealogy from Paragraph 4?A. DAR is a genealogy organization.B. Organizations have their genealogy.C. Australia is a pioneer in genealogy.D. Genealogy inspires the love for nation.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年上海市徐汇区高三上学期期末质量调研(高考一模)英语试卷(含答案与听力音频和文本)

2018年上海市徐汇区高三上学期期末质量调研(高考一模)英语试卷(含答案与听力音频和文本)

徐汇区2017~2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）2017.12考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

自助获取听力音频I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development.B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secretsin the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gog h’sOlive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealin g with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s b ody was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be c onsidered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and W eChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in th eir daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. Theyconclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not conscious ly see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhon g, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food __(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He sa id: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your stor y will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story w as all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, hewill probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and signific antly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit intoany other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original syste m of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character fr om James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________ According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pa ce of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to expr ess their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduc e a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考英语试题及答案 (4)

2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考英语试题及答案 (4)

上海十三校2018届高三调研考英语试卷2017.12 考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30. B. $13. C. $35. D. $60.2. A. In the florist’s. B. In the post office. C. In a bakery. D. At a fruit stand.3. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed.D. Surprised.4. A. Secretary and boss. B. Student and teacher.C. Patient and nurse.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.6. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.7. A. Jim looks nice in his new shirt. B. Jim looks nicer in his old shirt.C. Jim does not look nice in his old shirt.D. Jim isn’t well-dressed.8. A. He can teach her that program. B. He is going to ask Dick for help.C. He's busier than Dick.D. He taught himself that program.9. A. The man can speak German. B. The man knows nothing about German.C. The man can read in German.D. The man knows both English and German.10. A. She doesn’t like the get-together. B. The man has told her about the get-together.C. She is ignorant of the get-together.D. A get-together will be held next weekend.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They could be used everywhere. B. Customers had to pay for things in full.C. They were very popular before the 1920s.D. Everyone could get this kind of credit card.12. A. Because this card could be used at many shops.B. Because they could pay for things a little at a time.C. Because they could spend more money with credit card.D. Because they didn't need to carry a lot of cash with them.13. A. Part of the development of credit cards. B. How to use credit cards.C. How credit cards help businessmen.D. The number of credit card users.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Exactly during the explosion. B. When the plane was full of smoke.C. When the engines were turned off.D. Before the engines sounded scary.15. A. Never to put off anything in life. B. To reach out to people around.C. To see his daughter grow up.D. To be a goodfather.16. A. An emergency crash-landing guide. B. A speech on one’s air travel experience.C. An introduction of an adventure novel.D. A safety training for air passengers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,u se one word that best fits each blank.(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for --- perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon.(28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races.I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achieve the results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have (33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence, (34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered (35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?"Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases (40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerlythe child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often41 to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be 42 to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. Onthe other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning 43 , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new thingsfor himself.Parents 44 greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be 45 strict in money matters. Others are severe over timesof coming home at night or punctuality for meals. Ingeneral, the controls imposed 46 the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of 47 standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and 48 it the next day is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and 49 insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden 50 of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fitsthe context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and fromthe withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiatea(n) 52 response; in this situation, one mightfeel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places withlow population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommendto patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. Duringtherapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternativeapproaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offenceD. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevantD. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitorD. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C.patient D. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switchD. exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhanceD. ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C.decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducingD. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artisticD. poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. ratherD. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzeeshave in common with us. They can hunt with spears,play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social(亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showeda definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food withothersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure(B)The Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high schoolseniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) anda Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combinedMath and Critical Reading scores)●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistryor Physics)●have completed eight semesters of Englishand mathematics and two semesters each of biologyand chemistry by the time they graduate from highschool●complete all components of your CommonApplication for undergraduate admission byNovember 1 of your senior year●complete a supplemental application formfor the Honors Program in Biochemistry &Molecular Biology●include a counselor recommendation, threeletters of recommendation from teachers insupport of your application to the Honors Programand a personal statementSend all Dual Admission HonorsProgram application materials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of Admission70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply forthe programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work withtop biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wantsto go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirementfor application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and onescience.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introdu ce a very famous university “Universityof Miami”.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to applyfor the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he cancontact Director of the Honors Program except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the KarolinskaInstitute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available —because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected thatthis enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exerc ise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to easedepressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By 2050, half of the world’s p opulation will reside （居住）in the tropics—the relatively warm belt that circles the globe—according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region’s influence will grow in coming decades, the authors of the 500-page work predict.The project, initially launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made “extraordinary progress” in many areas. For example, there’s been a 14% increase in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed (胜过) the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years; it now represents approximately 18.7% of global economic activity, up from 14.5% in 1980.Nevertheless, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increasedmodestly, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. “As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics,” concludes the report.The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the prevalence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be concerned about in the report. “While we’ve made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropicsthat are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The growth of both __________ displays that the influence of the tropics will increase in the future.79. What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?80. According to the report, some organisms can experience population drop and extinction because of their __________.81. An expanded tropical zone will threaten health and safety issues; apart from that, what are the other existing challenges mentioned in the passage?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)2. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。

上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列

上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列

上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Before dinner. B.During the meal.C.After dinner.D.Tomorrow evening.2. A.In a hotel. B.At a bus station.C.In a cinema.D.At an airport.3. A.Salesman and customer. B.Boss and secretary.C.Doctor and patient.D.Doctor and nurse.4. A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A.The lecture. B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The air quality.6. A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Uninterested. D.Annoyed.7. A.Visit the company. B.Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D.Apply for a job with PICC.8. A.He is fearless. B.He is forgetful.C.He is helpful.D.He is thoughtful.9. A.Talking about sports. B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.10. A.She expects to see him soon. B.She agrees with the man.C.She doesn’t believe he can do it.D.She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through14are based on the following conversation.11. A.The scientific steps to write a paper. B.A funny story that they read recently.C.An assignment of a creative writing course.D.A detective case that was just finished.12. A.She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B.She was happy that she finished the story easily.C.She was expected to finish the story in a month.D.She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A.Change to another topic. B.Give the story an ending first.C.Do work for another course.D.Write everything occurring to her.14. A.Buy jewels for her mother. B.Locate the security camera.C.Do some research for her writing.D.Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15. A.They don’t attach importance to scores. B.They attract fewer and fewer students.C.They will take place next week.D.They will no longer exist.16. A.To inspire young people to practice more.B.To encourage young people to be creative.C.To motivate young people to keep learning.D.To urge young people to start up companies.17. A.To bring more economic benefits. B.To help students memorize better.C.To change the present education system.D.To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18. A.More communication with others. B.Construction of the life journey.C.Revealing of determination.D.Loss of the social identity.19. A.Depression and isolation. B.Walking around the corner.ck of sleep.D.Getting impatient.20. A.Making it possible to get a pay rise.B.Providing people with new business.C.Giving people time to think about their life again.D.Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter15people died during Easter in1967,the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign‘Welcome to the mountains,but be responsible’.Fjellvettreglene,the‘mountain code’(21)______encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature,has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture.It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment(22)______(assist) yourself and others,seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally,Norway(23)______(experience)an11%increase in tourism in the past decade.From just1,000 tourists in the whole of2010,Trolltunga,a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain,(24)______ (see)1,800visitors in one2017day alone.Why?Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook.A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike.They just want proof(25)______they did it.But, while good for the economy,this tourism boom has become a threat(26)______Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper,(27)______(abandon)tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike,Norway’s leading hiking group,Friluftsliv,also has called for regulations on the number of tourists(28)______(hike)to sse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said,“On a busy day,you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture.To control this,we’d like to regulate(29)___________people can hike in a day.Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find(30)______stuck up here.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedWorld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan,a rural pub in England has been named“the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor.After scoring up positive feedback,the review website31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32Travelers'Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly,this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance.Tommy Banks,a(n)33young cook,is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in2013at the age of24.Secondly,it's not really a pub anymore.Like many rural UK pubs,the Black Swan had been in34for many years before2006,when Banks'family took over.After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled,they decided to make it a dining35.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36,offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly37location.It's usually booked up well in advance with38coming from near and far.During CNN's visit,neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another39 two of the Banks brothers'old school teachers,on a trip up from York—40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t42our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough44to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a46for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）–then investors cannot fall back on47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)48return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can49in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment50.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction（拍卖）sales51in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more52budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most53approach is probably to buy something you like and can54and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)55benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.socialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up.It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork,their relationship with peers,their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family,and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of10years,during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers.In other words,the show’s“characters”grow older for real,and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age”stories,as they’re known,have a special appeal.They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life,and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.After all,there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back–this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood,a2014film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the64th Berlin International Film Festival.During a period of12years,the film follows the life of Mason Jr–played by US actor Ellar Coltrane–from when he was6to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its“ordinariness”.Mason Jr isn’t some child genius...He is a quietly spoken,fairly typical American boy,growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside,they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary–the power of life itself.56.In the documentary,we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT__________.A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents57.What do Post-00and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58.Audience are interested in“coming-of-age”stories because__________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s are different geniusesB.Actors are ordinary charactersC.Documentary is real lifeD.Life is one big story(B )B BC SHOPrming.Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I&II:The Complete Collection(page41)–inspiring look at our planet’s wildest,most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock:Complete Seasons1-4and The Abominable Bride Giftset(page13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult,dangerous,accurate,and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British.Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian(page7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook(page9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads“A Christmas poem”(page8)for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugs and more–just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder,suspense,romance,robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama!Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple.When it disappears again,suspicion falls on Franklin Blake,the man who loves her.But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey,the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever.A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes,based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins.3¾hours.DVD21024$34.99YOUR PRICE:￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins–perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside:pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees,and made from only finest ingredients–flour,butter,sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands,they follow a generations-old family procedure,first perfected by Joseph Walker in1898.While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic,the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts.Both tins:6〃h×4¾〃d;net wt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19.9860.Tom’s wife is a home baker,so he’d better refer to Page______for a Christmas present for her.A.8B.9C.13D.4161.Which of the following statements is TRUE about“The Moment”?A.It is an adapted drama lasting nearly4hours.B.The story,rather than the actors,is attracting.C.There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D.It is based on Wikie Collins’most famous detective novel.62.What can be learned about the shortbread?A.It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B.It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C.It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D.It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.(C)①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University,“It’s Australians’egalitarianism,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built.In Australia’s founding era in the late1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors.The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish,was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal,with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’.Because of this,an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers.They may not have had power,education or wealth,but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their newconditions in life’.Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look),became‘ava captains’.This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses.Words like‘good day’became‘g’day’,and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry,self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor.While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side.On one road trip,as I hit the state line and entered Victoria,I drove past some blackened trees,the leftovers of a recent bushfire.A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent,but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct.Behind the figure,someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire.I couldn’t help but laugh–it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.This,along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate,all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63.The underlined word“egalitarianism”is closest to__________in meaning.A.criminalityB.crueltyC.equalityernmentalism64.Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A.They use more slangs than other people.B.They give new meanings to existent words.C.They favour shortened forms of expressions.D.They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65.What can be inferred from paragraph4?A.Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B.Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C.Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D.Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66.The passage mainly talks about__________.A.how the late1700s impacted AustraliaB.why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC.what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD.how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F.For opponents of a wage increase,increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment byabout500,000jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days,the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America.67For supporters,16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and900,000people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc,has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to$9this year and then$10next year.The company’s announcement will affect65,000Gap employees by2017.Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction.There’s certainly nothing wrong with that.68Also last week,Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage.69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase,but“obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”.She said that more than99percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage.It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending.So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose.70“That is assuming that consumer behavior would be,‘If they have more money,they’ll spend more money,’”she said.“That isn’t always necessarily true.If we had a crystal ball,we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through.But you just can’t.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no moree your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago,Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before–moved his team into an open concept office.His staff had been entirely working from home,but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily.It quickly became clear,though,that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy,not to mention Nagele himself.About three years after moving into the open office,Nagele moved the company into a10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space—complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office—about70%of US offices are open concept—and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors.But research that we’re15%less productive,we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces,has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost,one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork.However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead,as many of us know,we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member,or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus,like writing,advertising,financial planning and computer programming,some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces.The trouble with that,is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present.That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments.Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。

上海市黄浦区2018年高三英语一模试卷

上海市黄浦区2018年高三英语一模试卷

黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resumé.C. Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC.8. A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful.9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements.10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesn’t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished.12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurring to her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera.C. Do some research for her writing.D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist.16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it. But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for?regulations?on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we’d l ike to regulate (29) ______ _____ peoplecan hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?“With extreme 41 ” is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. “We don’t42 our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides. It doesn't produce income or earnings. What you 43 is exclusively based on supply and demand, and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,” he said.To invest in art as a true investment, you need a starting fund of at least $5,000. But it’s not just about having enough 44 to buy the painting in the first place. Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels, and to protect them from sun damage or other 45 such as a spilled cup of coffee. And if you do put it on your wall, then your insurance costs are likely to be high. If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall, then you're likely to be a 46 for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong – for example, an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）– then investors cannot fall back on 47 for any repayment.42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend43. A. get back B. look into C. take out D. turn to44. A. desire B. energy C. money D. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measures D. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. target D. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategy D. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthier D. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go ahead D. go up50. A. funds B. levels C. selections D. rates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recovered D. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obvious D. socialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a docume ntary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence –their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. Afte r all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back –this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best directorat the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big story( B )B BC SHOPEntertaining. Informing. Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) –inspirin g look at our planet’s wildest, most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7). The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9) with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!THE MOMENTWelcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, the man who loves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid with a thieving past, and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins. 3¾hours. DVD 21024 $34.99 YOUR PRICE: ￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins –perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients – flour, butter, sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.Angel 21042 $19.98Santa 21043 $19.9860. Tom’s wife is a home baker, so he’d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.A. 8B. 9C. 13D. 4161. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “The Moment”?A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D. It is based on Wikie Collins’ most famous detective novel.62. What can be learned about the shortbread?A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated evenfurther –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh –it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceFor supporters, 16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and 900,000 people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc, has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to $9 this year and then $10 next year. The company’s announcement will affect 65,000 Gap employees by 2017. Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction. There’s certainly nothing wrong with that. 68Also last week, Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage. 69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase, but “obviously it’s something that we look at closely, as any other company would”. She said that more than 99 percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage. It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending. So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose. 70 “That is assuming that consumer behavior would be, ‘If they have more money, they’ll spend more money,’” she said. “That isn’t always necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can’t.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before – moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon o pen plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in hig h-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。

上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-学生版（已经校对）

上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-学生版（已经校对）

上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空1 One 【20181虹口区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. defenseB. avoidC. believingD. mistakeE. requiredF. criticalG. cheatingH. ashamedI. identifyJ. confirmK. similar We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To 34risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism ( (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as35 . But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a36 . Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions. --and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Two 【20181黄浦区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB. annualC. declineD. destinationE. dinersF. hostedG. ingredientsH. preciselyI. rankedJ. remoteK. talentedWor World’s Best Restaurant ld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan, a rural pub in England in England has has been named “the world’s best restaurant” by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website 31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32 Travelers' Choice awards. So what’s it got going for it?Firstly, this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) 33young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it's not really a pub anymore. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in 34for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining 35 .It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36 , offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly 37 location. It's usually booked up well in advance with 38coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another 39two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York — 40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.Three【20181浦东新区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found But scientists at the Universitythat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.””not just a result of dogs being excited.“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing did not have the same effect.””food 35 did not have the same effect.to humans’’ attention and that “The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humansexpressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.displays.”” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was metre away from a person, and the dogs’’ faces were 38 throughout a tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogsrange of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ____39____expressions facial. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs dogs’’expressions have evolved as they were ____40____. ____40____. ““Domestic dogs have a unique history-they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs ’ ability to communicate with us,with us,”” she said.Four 【20181长宁区嘉定区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is leadership ？ Its qualities are difficult to define ，but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. T hey bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into __33___.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with. A. understanding B. encourages C. results D. flexible E. returned F. motivated G. hunger H. constantly I. satisfied J. supposedK. combinedLeaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re __39___ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.Five【20181徐汇区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessingH. innovationI. emphasizedJ. regulationsK. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third third-party -party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disa mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the ppear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens ，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Six 【20181闵行区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. demandingB. addictionC. quarrelingD. feedbackE. socializingF. DistinctionG. wronglyH. escape I. originally J. blame K. responsibility How many times have parents had to ague with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their 31 to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it 32was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to 33with their families, which they sometimes view as with their families, which they sometimes view as "annoying”. So, "annoying”. So, "annoying”. So, what do these kids use as what do these kids use as a solution or a(n)a solution or a(n)“ “ 34" The answer is simple social media. However, when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for 35their attention. The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they using it to get away from real world 36. The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are 37accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure, everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the 38 for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another 39. Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the 40 from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Seven 【20181奉贤区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.impressiveB.movementsC.eventuallyD.extremeparisonF.reverseG.unloved H.partnership I.absolutely J.mask K.appliedThere’’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a Theremosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately””, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature. immediatelyA tern of scientists from Oxford University in he UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’’s most 33 insect.interesting facts about the worldBy placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second,insects’’ 34 in never-before-seen detail. meaning the scientists were able to study the insectsHowever, it wasn’’t always straightforward.However, it wasn“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can the view of their wings,”” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.36 the view of their wings,Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.study’’s leader, believes that Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the studymosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings 38 their directionat the end of each half-stroke.”” he wrote in the study.at the end of each half-stroke.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in morehuman-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40how to stop them from doing so,how to stop them from doing so,”” Walker wrote. Eight 【20181静安区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. shamedB. consequentlyC. criticismD. scarceE. authoritiesF. struggledG. originalH. practicalI. luxuryJ. blanketedK. assumeWilliam Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) ___31___ house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and a series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ___32___in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful business dealings have been ___33___ by people ___33___ by people’’s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even ___34___ that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.[[In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and ___35___ severe lack of food. R resulted in poor harvests and ___35___ severe lack of food. Referred to as the ‘Little Ice Age’eferred to as the ‘Little Ice Age’eferred to as the ‘Little Ice Age’, the , theperiod was the time when thousands of people ___36___ for survival. At that time, Shakespeare was under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ___37___.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Merchant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self self-hatred, -hatred, who is eventually ___38___ for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the ___39___ pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock Shylock’’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s Shakespeare’s ___40___ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which ___40___ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.Nine 【20181崇明区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W Company Builds World’s orld’s orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin button, from the world’s first and only coin -operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state . “Our new Vending Machine is a state -of-the-art, multi-multi-story story structure that delivers our customers’ cars b y merely 32a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. priceH. mirroringI. branchingJ. virtualK. buyingThe machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34pricing and eliminating delivery costs. Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in o n the Carvana website. They even get 35tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36of the vehicle. But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win It’s a win-win -win 37that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.Ten 【20181普陀区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accompaniedB. commerciallyC. computerizedD. contentsE.declineF. distinguishG. fundedH. measuresI. potentiallyJ. processingK. respondTraining the Brain to Hear BetterThe din（喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone －but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing 31with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem－the slower 32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise asthey age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can developthe same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 afterthe same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; thestudy was 35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on shortterm memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of theparticipants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was 39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to 40 to the sound —bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels ．Eleven 【20181金山区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure 《国家宝藏》《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US President A. A. established established B. B. cultural cultural C. freely D. D. introduce introduce E. E. official official . F . release release G. G. extremely extremely H. H. attraction attraction I. I. drew drew J. J. unexpectedly unexpectedlyK. K. mystery mysteryDonald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.Twelve【20181松江区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. involuntaryB. featuresC. suspectD. trackE. peculiarF. signalsG. storeH. permitsI. unlockJ. sustainK. scaleThe human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial 31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional 32 , whether through a(n) 33 blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to 34 worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) 35 outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, 36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to 37 the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are 38 to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, 39 and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast 40 promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.。

2017-2018学年上海高三英语一模语法填空汇编（附答案）

2017-2018学年上海高三英语一模语法填空汇编（附答案）

2017-2018学年上海高三英语一模语法填空汇编（附答案）2017-2018学年高三英语一模语法填空汇编One【宝山区】Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Why My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the background says “Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?” Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)__________a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22)________( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23)_________(easy) when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters’ sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24)_________(escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Whether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25)_______(write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands yourvocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)________ ________ _________ you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books.(27)________ is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28)________ (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29) ________read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30)________(help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.答案：21. like 22. are cherished 23. easier24.to escape25. written26. As long as27. Nothing28. drinking 29. who/that30. have helpedTwo【虹口区】Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.How to Deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in thework place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show t oo much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” said HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to improve the situation.”Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.”But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.” he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognit ion than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usu ally disappear.”答案：21.are treated22. whose23. others24. because (since, as)25. that26. whether (if)27. extended28. telling29. to fix30. GiveThree【黄浦区】Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’ (21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontallyout of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it. But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a th reat (26) ______ Norway’s natural environ ment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has calle d for regulations on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of th e outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. T o control this, we’d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so p eople don’t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.”答案：21. which/that22. to assist23. has experienced24. saw25. that26. to 27. abandoned28. hiking29. how many30. themselvesFour【金山区】Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations ____21___ (draw) byScottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily ___22___ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman’s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeen is able to capture ___23___ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism ___24___ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image __25_____ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, ___26__ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. “I want them to think about the work and ___27____ I’m actually drawing,” he said, “I prefer to study the internal aspect of the subject ___28___ _______ focus solely on the external part.”Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough __29____ (make) a living from his work. “I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years’ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,” he said. “It’s such a fantastic feeling ___30___ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.”答案：21. drawn 22. be mistaken23. the most complicated 24.Because25. taking26. which27. what(ever)/ all/ everything/something 28. rather than29. to make30. when/if Five【松江区】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to see the cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don’t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26) ________ be saving our moneyand time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.21. most memorable 22. Joining 23. were milked/were being milked24. from25. how 26. should27. to buy 28. Involving 29. so that 30. WhatSix【长宁区&嘉定区】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students’ achievement, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments inteacher preparation and development.21 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena(竞技场) in which the United States 22 (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. But in no case is there a fully 23 (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is weakest in communities 24 students’ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States is to eliminate “barriers” to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy 25 (ensure) that teachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. 26 does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation 27 (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.28 such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are unlikely to fire weakteachers, 29 they feel they won’t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 30 (improve). Although there are good reasons to argue for stronger evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.21.Creating22. has fallen23.developed 24. where 25.to ensure26. Nor27. focusing/focused 28. Without 29. because/since/for/as 30. will improve/will be improved Seven【闵行区】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Honesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics (老年病科). Mr. McMahon (21)________(bring) in when his body was found very swollen (浮肿的). I took a medical history (22)________ his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She’d been his main carer for years. I stood (23)________(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. “Has he lost any weight recently?” I asked, “Well, it’s funny you should mention that, but yes.” She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. “Why? What are you worried about?” she as ked. She was obviously very involvedin his care and it was only fair that I told (24)________ the truth. “Well, we need to prove it’s not cancer.”I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called m e: “Mr. McMahon’s daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer.” My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25)________ he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. “Why on earth did you do that?” she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. “She asked me what I was worried about and I told her.” I said, hanging my head. “And give her more (26)________(worry) about?” replied my consultant. “You don’t say the word ‘cancer’ until it’s confirmed. (27)________ ________ you suspect it, think very carefully before you t ell people.”(28)________ it turned out, it wasn’t cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they’re sometimes selective in (29)________ they hear－and as a doctor it’s important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I’d made the situation (30)________(bad).21. was brought 22. from 23. looking 24. her 25. that26. to worry27. Even if 28. As 29. what 30. worse评分标准: 1、第27，28题大小写。

上海市十三校高三英语第一次联考试题

上海市十三校高三英语第一次联考试题

上海十三校2015届高三调研考英语试卷第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30. B. $13. C. $35. D. $60.2. A. In the florist’s. B. In the post office. C. In a bakery. D. Ata fruit stand.3. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed. D. Surprised.4. A. Secretary and boss. B. Student and teacher.C. Patient and nurse.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.6. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.7. A. Jim looks nice in his new shirt. B. Jim looks nicer in his old shirt.C. Jim does not look nice in his old shirt.D. Jim isn’t well-dressed.8. A. He can teach her that program. B. He is going to ask Dick for help.C. He's busier than Dick.D. He taught himself that program.9. A. The man can speak German. B. The man knows nothing about German.C. The man can read in German.D. The man knows both English and German.10. A. She doesn’t like the get-together. B. The man has told her about the get-together.C. She is ignorant of the get-together.D. A get-together will be held next weekend.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They could be used everywhere. B. Customers had to pay for things in full.C. They were very popular before the 1920s.D. Everyone could get this kind of credit card.12. A. Because this card could be used at many shops.B. Because they could pay for things a little at a time.C. Because they could spend more money with credit card.D. Because they didn't need to carry a lot of cash with them.13. A. Part of the development of credit cards. B. How to use credit cards.C. How credit cards help businessmen.D. The number of credit card users.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Exactly during the explosion. B. When the plane was full of smoke.C. When the engines were turned off.D. Before the engines sounded scary.15. A. Never to put off anything in life. B. To reach out to people around.C. To see his daughter grow up.D. To be a good father.16. A. An emergency crash-landing guide. B. A speech on one’s air t ravel experience.C. An introduction of an adventure novel.D. A safety training for air passengers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for --- perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon. (28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races. I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achieve the results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have (33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence, (34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered (35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?"Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases (40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often41 to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be 42 to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning43 , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new thingsfor himself.Parents 44 greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be 45strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed 46 the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of 47 standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and 48 it the next day is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realizethat "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and 49 insecure whenthey grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden 50 of a marked difference between their parents' principles andtheir morals can be a dangerous disappointment.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and fromthe withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's lifewill typically initiate a(n) 52 response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occursover a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understandingthe cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate thatthe presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunitiesfor 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Controland Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition(认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensuresthis creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequenceD. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offence D. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long forD. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patientD. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D.exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D.ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparingD. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D.poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned aboutD. altered bySection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us. They can hunt with spears, play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social(亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food with othersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure(B)The Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must bein their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combined Math and CriticalReading scores)●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and onescience (Biology, Chemistry or Physics)●have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and twosemesters each of biology and chemistry by the time they graduate from highschool●complete all components of your Common Application forundergraduate admission by November 1 of your senior year●complete a supplemental application form for the Honors Program inBiochemistry & Molecular Biologyinclude a counselor recommendation, three letters ofrecommendation from teachers in support of your application to the HonorsProgram and a personal statementSend all Dual Admission Honors Program application materials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of AdmissionUniversity of MiamiP.O. Box 248025Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616Fax number: (513) 529-7592 (513) 529-1950For more information on the HPBMB, contact:Dr. Thomas K. HarrisDirector, Undergraduate and Medical EducationBiochemistry and Molecular BiologyOffice: Gautier Building, Room 111Phone: 305-243-3358E-Mail: tkharris@70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply for the programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’sdegreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and one science.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introdu ce a very famous university “University of Miami”.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to apply for the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he can contact Director of the HonorsProgram except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previouslyunknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress cancontribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals andpeople. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression.But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available —because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new studyhoping to know______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exerc ise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the KarolinskaInstitute that mice are depressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequentendurance training in order to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to ease depressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By 2050, half of the world’s p opulation will reside（居住）in the tropics—the relatively warm belt that circles the globe—according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region’s influence will grow in coming decades, the authors o f the 500-page work predict.The project, initially launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made “extraordinary progress” in many areas. For example, there’s been a 14% increase in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed (胜过) the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years; it now represents approximately 18.7% of global economic activity, up from 14.5% in 1980.Nevertheless, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increased modestly, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. “As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics,” concludes the report.The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the prevalence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be con cerned about in the report. “While we’ve made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropics that are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The growth of both __________ displays that the influence of the tropics will increase in the future.79. What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?80. According to the report, some organisms can experience population drop and extinction because of their __________.81. An expanded tropical zone will threaten health and safety issues; apart from that, what are the other existing challenges mentioned in the passage?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)2. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。

【高三英语试题精选】2018~2018学年2018届高三英语上册第一次联考试题(有答案)

【高三英语试题精选】2018~2018学年2018届高三英语上册第一次联考试题(有答案)

2018~2018学年2018届高三英语上册第一次联考试题（有答案）long 38 of mine I just turned sixty-four years old in September I still thought about that old dream 39 one day when there was an Advanced-Age 40 at the local university I decided to 41The day finally arrived－my first day of school As I 42 there, my mind was filled with 43thoughts, “What am I doing? I’m not smart enough to go to university The 44 will laugh when they see me in class I probably won’t live long enough to get a 45 Maybe I should just turn the car aroun d and go home”Then, 46 , I sait! A large billboard on the side of the road with a picture of Kermit the Frog I 47 a little and read the words next to his picture “ Live your dreams ” Was Kermit speaking me? I didn’t turn the car aroundI drove a little 48 on up the highway and there was another49 This one had a picture of Albert Einstein with his tongue50 out A line read, “As a student, he was no Einstein ” And there was a word in red, “ Confidence” A neattitude was 51 inside meI was no52 the gate of the university and there 53 still another billboard This one showed a photograph of a proud 54 in a cap and gown Under the picture was her 55 , Nola Ochs, aged 95 Oldest University Graduate Beloit was the words, “ Live Life “ At that moment, my outlook c hanged pletely36 A acquiredB consultedC attendedD contained37 A learningB takingC teachingD using38 A goalB dreamC adviceD idea。

【高三英语试题精选】2018届高三英语上册第一次联考测试卷(附答案)

【高三英语试题精选】2018届高三英语上册第一次联考测试卷(附答案)

2018届高三英语上册第一次联考测试卷（附答案）bike．A．No way B．That’s itC．Not at all D．It’s a good idea23．—Shall we go to the restaurant opposite the supermarket for dinner?—No, it’s the _____ place I’d like to go to．A．worst B．best C．last D．first24．—Amazingly, Zhuo Jun got the first place for the China’s Got Talent （中国达人秀） last night．—So wonderfully ______ in the shothat he deserved it．A．did he perform B．had he performedC．he performed D．he had performed25．—Mum, is the pair of gloves _____ mine?—Yes．You have to wear another pair．A．washing B．have washedC．having washed D．being washed26．The cigarette end thrown away by a careless farmer ______ the big fire and caused a great loss to them．A．brought about B．brought in C．brought down D．brought out27．After work I went to the box office to buy the tickets for Kungfu Panda 2．only to be told there was ______ left．A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither28．Dogs are our good friends as they can keep ______ with us when we are lonely．A．ambition B．pany C．balance D．distinction29． the fierce petition in finding a good job in big cities, many fresh graduates are trying their fortune in medium-sized。

2017-2018学年度第一学期高三第一次考试

2017-2018学年度第一学期高三第一次考试

2017-2018学年度第一学期高三第一次考试答题时间：120分钟，满分：150分第一部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题3分，满分60分）第一节（共15小题，每小题3分，满分45分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项ARoma Pass Kit (套装) enables both tourists and interested local residents the op portunity to benefit from various discounts and services that m ake it easier and cheaper to enjoy the sights of Rome．Free entry to the first 2 visited museums and / or archaeolo gical sites of your choice．Concessionary(优惠的)ticket to all other museums and / or archaeological sites vis ited thereafter．Free use of the city’s public transport network．Valid until midnight of the third day inclusive that of the first validation for ATAC public transport within the territory of the Municipality o f Rome．Discounted tickets to exhibitions，events and other cooperating operators and businesses (Rom a Pass Guide)．Tourist cultural services Roma Passè．At the Colosseum a reserved turnstile(旋转栅门) is available for Roma Pass holders to get direct access to the monument．In the kit：The Roma Pass card：the card used to visit museums / archaeological sites and on t he public transport system as described above．Roma MAP：A map with all the Tourist Information Points，Metro stations，museums and other sites of interest；Roma Pass Guide：the list of under agreement museums ／sites．and the list of all the partners of the Roma Pass which offer discounts to card holders；Roma Passè：the card with the App activation code to download the best of the city．How to use it：The overleaf(背面的)form must be filled with name，surname and validation date．The card is valid for three days and is activated at the timeof the first entry to the museums／sites，and／or at the first journey on public transport，up until midnight of the third day, including the day of the activ ation．It must be produced along with your identity papers when r equired by the staff in charge．Please note that most museums generally are closed on M ondays (with the exception of the Colosseum and the Baths of Caracalla)．Almost all the museums normally are closed on December 25 , January l and May l too．We advise you to ch eck in advance．1．With Roma Pass you can enjoy __________．A．reserved access to 2 sitesB．free entry to any museumsC．free use of ATAC within ItalyD．discounts for certain exhibitions2．When using the Roma Pass card，you must bring your __________．A．activation code B．ID documentC．purchase receipt D．Roma Pass Guide3．Where will you possibly find the passage?A．In a tourist guide． B. In a history textbook．C．On a transport notice． D. On a shopping list．4．What can we learn from the passage?A．The Roma Pass card is valid for at least 72 hours．B．The Colosseum is not open to the public on Mondays． C．Only foreign tourists are qualified to buy the Roma Pass ．D．You’d better avoid visiting Roma museums at Christmas ．BAre traditional fairytales good all the time? Recent research f ound one in five parents have abandoned those old classics s uch as Snow White and the Seven Dwarves and Hansel and Gretel and they’re in favor of more modern books.One third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the terrible details of Little Red Riding Hood. The survey of 2,000 adults was carried out to mark the launch of t he hit US drama GRIMM, which starts tonight at 9:00 pm on Watch, and sees six series based on traditional fairytales. The research found a quarter of parents wouldn’t consider readin g a fairytale to their child until they had reached the age of fiv e, as they cause too many awkward questions. And 52 perce nt of the parents said Cinderella didn’t send a good message t o their children as it portrays (描绘) a young woman doing housework all day. Similarly, Goldilocks and the Three Bears was also a tale likely to be left on th e book shelf as parents felt it condones (宽恕) stealing.Steve Hornsey, General Manager of Watch, said: “Bedtime st ories are supposed to relax the children and send them off to sleep soundly. But as we see in GRIMM, fairytales can be dar k and dramatic tales so it’s understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children. As adults we can see t he innocence in fairytales, but a five-year-old with an over active imagination could think they are true. Despite the dark nature of classic fairytales, as we see in GRI MM, good will defeat evil and there is always a moral to the st ory.”Though half of parents said traditional tales are more likely to have a strong moral message than a lot of modern kids’ book s, two thirds of mums and dads said they were no longer appr opriate to soothe youngsters before bed. On the contrary, the y might give their children nightmares.5. Why aren’t some traditional fairytales read by parents to chi ldren?A. They are forbidden to read according to the rules.B. They are difficult for their children to understand.C. They are too scary for their young children to hear.D. They don’t have any strong moral messages in them.6. Which of the traditional fairytales tells one can get away with stealing?A. Snow White and the Seven Dwarves.B. Little Red Ridi ng Hood.C. Goldilocks and the Three Bears.D. Hansel and Gr etel.7. What’s the author’s attitude towards traditional fairytales?A. Objective.B. Supporting.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtf ul.8. The underlined word “soothe” in the last paragraph means “_______”.A. surpriseB. astonishC. stressD. comfortCMost people don't notice I'm polite, which is the point. I am big and look less energetic. Still, every year or so, someone t akes me aside and says, “You actually are polite, aren’t you?” I'm always thrilled. They noticed. That's the thing. When we t alk about politeness, we usually think of please; thank you; I li ke your hat; etc. AW we need to do is to hear, not to notice.When I was in high school, I read etiquette manuals (手册) . No one noticed my politeness except for one kid. He yelled at me about it. “It's strange that you are always so polite,”he said. I took that as praise and made a note to hide my polit eness further. Real politeness, I believed, was invisible(看不见的) . It adapted itself to the situation.Politeness leaves doors open. I’ve met so many people who m, if I had trusted my first impressions, I would never have wa nted to meet again. Yet many of them are now great friends. One of those people is my wife. On our first date, she told me in detail that she had an operation to remove a cyst (瘤) from her body. Of course, it killed the chemistry. But when I walked her home, I told her I'd had a great time. We talked a little aft er that. I kept everything pleasant and brief. Much later, I lear ned that she’d been having a very bad day in a very bad year. People silently suffer from all kinds of terrible things. The g ood thing about politeness is you can regard these people ex actly the same and wait to see what happens. You don't have to have an opinion. You don't need to make a judgment.Last week, my two-year-old son, Abraham met a foreign woman in the playground. Ou t of curiosity, I suppose, he asked, “What's your name?” The woman told him. Then he put out his little hand and said, “Nic e to meet you!” Everyone laughed and he smiled. He shared with her his firmest handshake, like I taught him.9.Why do many people think the author is impoliteA. Because he doesn't look politeB. Because he doesn't say polite wordsC. Because he doesn't listen to others politelyD. Because he doesn't behave politely towards strangers10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The author's good manners.B. The author's strange behavior.C. The author always making notes.D. The author reading etiquette manuals.11. What can we learn about politeness according to Paragra ph 3 ?A. keep everything pleasantB. help people make friendsC. be good for people's healthD. give people second chancesDYou get anxious if there’s no wi-fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You fee l upset if your phone is getting low on power, and you secretlyworry things will go wrong at work if you’re not there. All thes e can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone ad diction.For some people, smart phones have liberated them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy(自主权) in their working lives and enabled them to spend more tim e with their friends and families. For many others though, sma rt phones have become tyrants (暴君) in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off, rela x and recharge their batteries.Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they’re spendin g on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are bre ached (突破). “Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life,” his we bsite explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enj oying your loving family and friends around you.”Dr Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at CoventryUniversity, said, “The effects of this ‘always on’ culture are tha t your mind is never resting, and you’re not giving your body ti me to recover, so yo u’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical a nd mental health can suffer.”And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision p aralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because peo ple have to receive a broader range of data and communicati ons which are often difficult to manage. “It actually makes it m ore difficult to make decisions and many do less because they ’re controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the offic e,” said Dr Christine Grant.12. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?A. The popularity of smart phones.B. The progress of mod ern technology.C. The signs of “always on” stress.D. The cause of smart ph one addiction.13. Kevin Holesh developed Moment to __________.A. research how people use their mobile phonesB. help people control their use of mobile phonesC. make people better use mobile phonesD. increase the fun of using mobile phones14. What’s Dr Christine Grant’s attitude towards “always on” c ulture?A. Confused.B. Positive.C. Doubtful.D. Critical.15. According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means __________.A. we will become less productiveB. we can make a decisi on more quicklyC. we will be equipped with more knowledgeD. we can work more effectivelyE第二节（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项How to Build Healthy Interpersonal RelationshipHuman beings are social creatures and thrive(茁壮成长) in relationships with others. A healthy part to be a well-rounded, happy individual is engaging in healthy relationships with others. These friendships can provide safe environments in which individuals can thrive and help promote general well-being. __16__1．Know your worth.One of the first steps in building healthy interpersonal relation ships is understanding one's value. When an individual is awa re of and treasures what he or she has, the building of relation ships can be founded on that knowledge. __17__. Everyone h as talents. When this worth is discovered, a person can then make use of these skills in approaching interpersonal relation ships. If someone is a good listener, showing how to develop t his skill can attract relationships with individuals who have a n eed for this talent.2．Recognize the value of others.__18__ In a healthy interpersonal relationships, both parties s hould be respected and feel as if they are valued in the friend ship. When contributions to the relationship become one－sided, the relationship will move from healthy to unhealthy. 3．__19__Another way to build healthy relationships is to make friends with someone who shares the same value systems and lifesty les. Knowing that a friend will not request something from an i ndividual will help to foster trust in the relationship. __20__The relationship can grow on this familiarity. Trust can also devel op from these similarities and go a long way in fostering a hea lthy friendship.A. Everyone has worthB. Be true to yourself.C. Seek out individuals with similar value systems.D. A healthy interpersonal relationship cannot be built on dish onesty.E. Also, having the same lifestyle can provide a link of familiar ity.F. Here are some tips to build healthy interpersonal relationsh ips.G. Along with understanding one's worth is recognizing and u nderstanding the worth of others.第二部分完形填空（每空2分。

17-18年高三英语考试题含答案

17-18年高三英语考试题含答案

高三年级2017-2018学年上学期英语（考试时间: 120分钟试卷满分: 150分）注意事项:1. 本试卷由四个部分组成。

其中, 第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。

第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。

2. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

3. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。

4. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What will the man probably do?A.Help the woman paint her car.B.Buy the woman's car.C.Get a new car.2.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a bookstore.B.In a classroom.C.In a library.3.Why is the man leaving early?A.He isn't interested in the movie.B.He wants to avoid a traffic jam.C.He doesn't know the way to the theater.4.What is the man dissatisfied with about his job?A.The salary.B.The hours.C.The location.5.What does the woman imply?A.The sweater looks terrible.B.It's cool in the lecture hall.C.The weather is heavily polluted today.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。

2017—2018学年度高三年级第一次模拟考试英语科试卷

2017—2018学年度高三年级第一次模拟考试英语科试卷

2017—2018学年度高三年级第一次模拟考试英语科试卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. On which day doesn't the woman like to go to the zoo?A. Friday.B. Sunday.C. Saturday.2. What does the man mean?A. He is used to wearing no hat.B. The weather is going to be fine.C. He is not afraid of being done harm to.3. How many children are there in the classroom?A. Seven.B. Five.C. Twelve.4. Where does the conversation take place?A. At a restaurant.B. At the theatre.C. At the station.5. What will the man have to do?A. To take his luggage with him.B. To paint the room.C. To change for a new room.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

听第6段材料，回答第6-8小题。

3月2018届高三第一次全国大联考(新课标Ⅰ卷)英语卷(全解全析)

3月2018届高三第一次全国大联考(新课标Ⅰ卷)英语卷(全解全析)

英语 第1页（共11页）
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
1
第一部分 听力
1—5 ABACB 6—10 CABCB 11—15 CABAB 16—20 CACBA 第二部分 阅读理解 第一节
A
【语篇导读】文章介绍了四位伟大女性以及她们的发明。

22. C 【解析】推理判断题。

由＂As a frequent host, she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than
people.＂可知，她经常举行宴会，希望有一台可以快速洗盘子的机器。

由此可以推知，宴会后洗盘子给她带来了很大麻烦。

故C 选项正确。

23. C 【解析】推理判断题。

由最后一段中的＂Grace Hopper is credited with inventing the first compiler in
1952…＂可知，Grace Hopper 于1952年发明了第一个编译程序。

由此可知她是计算机编程方面的先驱。

故C 选项正确。

相关主题
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

上海十三校2017-2018届高三调研考英语试卷12考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. $30. B. $13. C. $35. D. $60.2. A. In the florist’s. B. In the post office. C. In a bakery. D. At a fruit stand.3. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed.D. Surprised.4. A. Secretary and boss. B. Student and teacher.C. Patient and nurse.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.6. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.7. A. Jim looks nice in his new shirt. B. Jim looks nicer in his old shirt.C. Jim does not look nice in his old shirt.D. Jim isn’t well-dressed.8. A. He can teach her that program. B. He is going to ask Dick for help.C. He's busier than Dick.D. He taught himself that program.9. A. The man can speak German. B. The manknows nothing about German.C. The man can read in German.D. The man knows both English and German.10. A. She doesn’t like the get-together. B. The man has told her about the get-together.C. She is ignorant of the get-together.D. A get-together will be held next weekend.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They could be used everywhere. B. Customers had to pay for things in full.C. They were very popular before the 1920s.D.Everyone could get this kind of credit card.12. A. Because this card could be used at many shops.B. Because they could pay for things a little at a time.C. Because they could spend more money with credit card.D. Because they didn't need to carry a lot of cash with them.13. A. Part of the development of credit cards. B. How to use credit cards.C. How credit cards help businessmen.D. The number of credit card users.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Exactly during the explosion. B. When the plane was full of smoke.C. When the engines were turned off.D. Before the engines sounded scary.15. A. Never to put off anything in life. B. To reach out to people around.C. To see his daughter grow up.D. To be a good father.16. A. An emergency crash-landing guide. B. A speech on one’s air travel experience.C. An introduction of an adventure novel.D. A safety training for air passengers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,u se one word that best fits each blank.(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for ---perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon.(28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races.I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achievethe results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have (33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence, (34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered (35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?" Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases (40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerlythe child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often41 to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be 42 to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. Onthe other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning 43 , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new thingsfor himself.Parents 44 greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be 45strict in money matters. Others are severe over timesof coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed 46 the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of 47 standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and 48 it the next day is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and 49 insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden 50 of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passagethere are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fitsthe context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and fromthe withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiatea(n) 52 response; in this situation, one mightfeel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places withlow population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommendto patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefitsassociated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offenceD. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevantD. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitorD. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C.patient D. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switchD. exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhanceD. ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C.decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducingD. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artisticD. poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. ratherD. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years,however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us. They can hunt with spears,play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social(亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of toolskillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food with othersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure(B)The Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) anda Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do researchwith a graduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combinedMath and Critical Reading scores)●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistryor Physics)●have completed eight semesters of Englishand mathematics and two semesters each of biologyand chemistry by the time they graduate from highschool●complete all components of your CommonApplication for undergraduate admission byNovember 1 of your senior year●complete a supplemental application formfor the Honors Program in Biochemistry &Molecular Biology●include a counselor recommendation, threeletters of recommendation from teachers insupport of your application to the Honors Programand a personal statementSend all Dual Admission Honors Program applicationmaterials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of AdmissionUniversity of MiamiP.O. Box 248025Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616Fax number: (513) 529-7592 (513) 529-1950For more information on the HPBMB, contact:Dr. Thomas K. HarrisDirector, Undergraduate and Medical EducationBiochemistry and Molecular BiologyOffice: Gautier Building, Room 111Phone: 305-243-3358E-Mail: tkharris@70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply for the programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wantsto go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirementfor application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and onescience.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introduce a very famous university “Universityof Miami”.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to applyfor the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director ofthe Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he cancontact Director of the Honors Program except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen som eone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling chee rful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available —because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place,they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, toensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exercise contributes to reducing someone’srisk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to easedepressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By 2050, half of the world’s population will reside （居住）in the tropics—the relatively warm belt that circles the globe—according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region’s influence will grow in coming decades, the authors of the 500-page work predict.The project, initially launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropicsimproving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made “extraordinary progress” in many areas. For example, there’s been a 14% increase in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed (胜过) the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years; it now represents approximately 18.7% of global economic activity, up from 14.5% in 1980.Nevertheless, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increased modestly, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. “As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics,” concludes the report.The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics,the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the prevalence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be concerned about in the report. “While we’ve made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropics that are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The growth of both __________ displays that the influence of the tropics will increase in the future.79. What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?80. According to the report, some organisms can experience population drop and extinction because of their __________.81. An expanded tropical zone will threaten health and safety issues; apart from that, what are the other existing challenges mentioned in the passage?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)2. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。

相关文档
最新文档