AS_NZS_2208_1996中文版(澳标建筑安全玻璃)

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澳大利亚玻璃测试标准

AS/NZS 2208:1996Australian/New Zealand Standard ®Safety glazing materials in buildingss e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009AS/NZS 2208:1996This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee BD/7,Glazing and Fixing of Glass.It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 4October 1996and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 4October 1996.It was published on 5December 1996.The following interests are represented on Committee BD/7:Architectural Aluminium Association of New ZealandArchitectural Aluminium Fabricators Association,Australia Australian Association of Certiﬁcation Bodies Australian Building Codes BoardAustralian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Chamber of Manufactures Australian Shopﬁtters AssociationBuilding Research Association of New Zealand Flat Glass Council of AustraliaHousing Industry Association,Australia Master Builders AustraliaNew Zealand Plastics Glazing Materials Suppliers New Zealand Safety Glass AssociationPlastics and Chemicals Industry Association Property Council of Australia Residential Window AssociationUniversity of New South Wales,Australia University of Sydney,AustraliaReview of Standards.To keep abreast of progress in industry,Joint Australian/New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary.It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition,and any amendments thereto.Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications;this information is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’and ‘Standards New Zealand’,which subscribing members receive,and which give details of new publications,new editions and amendments,and of withdrawn Standards.Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards,addressed to the head office of either Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand,are welcomed.Notiﬁcation of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009AS/NZS 2208:1996Australian/New Zealand Standard ®Safety glazing materials in buildingsPUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:STANDARDS AUSTRALIA 1The Crescent,Homebush NSW 2140Australia STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Level 10,Standards House,155The Terrace,s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009AS/NZS 2208:19962PREFACEThis Joint Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee BD/7on Glazing and Fixing of Glass to supersede AS 2208—1978,Safety glazing materials for use in buildings (human impact considerations).This Standard covers tests to be carried out for the different types of safety glazing material such as laminated,toughened,heat strengthened,toughened laminated,liquid laminated,safety wired,organic-coated,plastic and organic-backed safety mirrors.This edition incorporates the following major changes from the previous edition:(a)The methods of test that were in Appendices B to H have been replaced by Appendices C to I.(b)Sampling and acceptance procedures that were in Appendices J and K and compliance veriﬁcation given in Appendix P have been deleted and replaced by Appendix A.(c)Additional impact levels have been added to the impact test.The terms ‘normative’and ‘informative’have been used in this Standard to deﬁne the application of the Appendix to which they apply.A ‘normative’Appendix is an integral part of a Standard,whereas an ‘informative’Appendix is only for information and guidance.Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and ﬁgures are deemed to be requirements of this Standard.©Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA /STANDARDS NEW ZEALANDUsers of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software.Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand.Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment.Australian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia.New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand.Up to 10percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand.Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised.The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially,with or without payment,or in commercial s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 20093AS/NZS 2208:1996CONTENTSPageFOREWORD (4)SECTION 1SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE ..................................................51.2APPLICATION ............................................51.3REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................51.4DEFINITIONS .............................................61.5TESTING ................................................71.6CLASSIFICATION ..........................................71.7MARKING ...............................................71.8VENTS ................. (8)SECTION 2DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATIONS2.1GENERAL ...............................................92.2THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS ................................92.3SIZE TOLERANCE REQUIREMENTS ...........................112.4SQUARENESS OF RECTANGULAR PANELS —REQUIREMENTS .......112.5FLATNESS REQUIREMENTS .................................122.6EDGEWORK . (12)SECTION 3TEST REQUIREMENTS 3.1GENERAL ...............................................133.2IMPACT TEST ............................................133.3FRAGMENTATION TEST ....................................143.4BOIL TEST ...............................................143.5WEATHERING TEST .......................................153.6AGEING TEST ........... (15)APPENDICES A MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD 16B NOTES ON SAFE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND HUMANDYNAMICS DATA (18)C DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS .............................20D IMPACT TEST ............................................21E FRAGMENTATION TEST ....................................28F BOIL TEST ...............................................30G WEATHERING TEST .......................................31H AGEING TEST ............................................33I UNIFORMITY/SURFACE COMPRESSION ........................34Originated as AS 2208—1978.Jointly revised and designated AS/NZS 2208:1996.Incorporating:s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009AS/NZS 2208:19964FOREWORDWhere glazing material is so situated that accidental breakage is reasonably foreseeable,the glazing materials and thicknesses required for wind loading may not be adequate.While the accident rate through breakage of glazing material glazed at low level is signiﬁcant among most age groups,it is particularly high in the age groups up to 19years.Research in the United Kingdom,New Zealand and Australia has shown that a high proportion of all reported accidents with glazing material involve glazed doors and side panels in all types of buildings.In certain specialized rooms,such as gymnasiums,breakage of glazing material located at high level is also a potential danger.In these and other similar danger areas,safety glazing materials meeting the requirements of this speciﬁcation will reduce the risk of injury.Although these safety glazing materials will break under sufficient impact their fracture characteristics are such that if broken the likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries will be minimized.The aim of the impact test is to assess the fracture characteristics of a safety glazing material which has been broken at some predetermined minimum impact energy level dependent upon the intended application of the material.If the safety glazing material does not fracture at this minimum energy level,it must again be tested at higher energy levels until it is fractured,in order that the fracture characteristics can be assessed.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 20095AS/NZS 2208:1996STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALANDAustralian/New Zealand Standard Safety glazing materials in buildingsS E C T I O N 1S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L1.1SCOPE This Standard sets out test requirements for classiﬁcation of safety glazing materials for use in buildings.The test requirements for the different glazing materials are designed to promote safety and to reduce or minimize the likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries from human impact.NOTES:1Alternative methods for determining compliance with this Standard are given in Appendix A.2This Standard is not intended to restrict the use of materials or methods of test not speciﬁed herein where such materials or methods of test can be demonstrated to be the equal of,or superior to,those speciﬁed.3Notes on safe performance criteria and human dynamics data are given in Appendix B.4This Standard identiﬁes safety glazing marking requirements.1.2APPLICATION This Standard applies to all safety glazing materials for use asrequired by AS 1288.1.3REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in thisStandard:AS 1199Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes*1288Glass in buildings—Selection and installation1399Guide to AS 1199—Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes*1599Pressure sensitive adhesive packaging tapes2193Methods for calibrating and grading of force-measuring systems of testing machinesAS/NZS ISO 9000Quality management and quality assurance standards ISO 9000.1Part 1:Guidelines for selection and useISO 9004Quality management and quality system elements ISO 9004.1Part 1:GuidelinesSAA/SANZ HB18Guidelines for third-party certiﬁcation and accreditation HB18.28Guide 28—General rules for a model third-party certiﬁcation scheme forproductss e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009AS/NZS 2208:19966ANSI Z97.1Glazing materials used in buildings—Safety performance speciﬁcation and methods of testASTM C1279Test method for non-destructive photoelastic measurement of edge and surface stresses in annealed,heat-strengthened,and fully tempered ﬂat glass D756Practice for determination of weight and shape changes of plastics under accelerated service conditionsD1499Recommended practice for operating light-and water-exposure apparatus (carbon-arc type)for exposure of plasticsG26Practice for operating light-exposure apparatus (Xenon-arc type)with and without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials DIN 50017Condensation water test atmospheresNZS 6507Materials testing machines and force veriﬁcation equipment1.4DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the deﬁnitions given below apply.1.4.1Drop height —the vertical distance from the horizontal centre-line of the maximum diameter of the impacting object when it is released relative to the horizontal centre-line of the impacting object when it is at rest (see Figure D1).1.4.2Heat-strengthened glass —Glass which has been subjected to a special heat treatment,so that the residual surface compression stresses lies between 24MPa and 45MPa.1.4.3Heat-strengthened laminated safety glass —laminated safety glass utilizing two or more panels of heat-strengthened glass in the make-up.1.4.4Laminated safety glass —a glass consisting of two or more sheets of glass permanently bonded together by one or more sheets of plastic interlayer.1.4.5Liquid-laminated safety glass —a glass consisting of two or more sheets of glass permanently bonded together by liquid chemicals that cure to form a plastic-type interlayer.1.4.6Safety double (or multiple)glazing unit —a double (or multiple)glazing unit in which all panels are of safety glazing material and are separated by airspaces.1.4.7Safety glazing materials —materials constructed,treated or permanently combined with other materials as to reduce the likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries resulting from human impact with them.All safety glazing materials are classiﬁed as either Grade A or Grade B according to the performance requirements in Section 3.1.4.8Safety organic-backed mirror —a glazing material consisting of a piece of mirror with a sheet of organic material permanently bonded to one side.1.4.9Safety organic-coated glass —a glazing material consisting of a piece of glass coated and permanently bonded on one or both sides with a continuous polymeric coating,sheet or ﬁlm.1.4.10Safety plastic glazing material —a glazing material which contains as an essential ingredient an organic substance of large molecular mass,is solid in its ﬁnished state and at some stage in its manufacture or processing into ﬁnished articles can be shaped by ﬂow.Plastic may consist of a single sheet of plastic material,a combination of two or more such sheets laminated together,or a combination of plastic material and reinforcement material in the form of ﬁbres or ﬂakes.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 20097AS/NZS 2208:19961.4.11Safety wired glass —a single sheet of glass with wire completely embedded in the glass.1.4.12Toughened laminated safety glass —laminated safety glass utilizing two panels of toughened safety glass in the make-up.1.4.13Toughened safety glass —a glass which has been converted to a safety glass by subjection to a process of prestressing so that,if fractured,the entire piece disintegrates into small,relatively harmless particles.The residual surface compression is a minimum of 69MPa.1.5TESTING Testing shall be carried out to ensure compliance of safety glazing materials with this Standard.Separate testing shall be carried out for different glazing materials,or for differences within a type of glazing material that could noticeably affect performance in the impact,fragmentation or environmental durability tests.Such differences may include,but are not limited to,nominal thickness or thicknesses,method of manufacture,types and amounts of additives and composition of base materials and adhesives.1.6CLASSIFICATION All safety glazing materials shall be classiﬁed as either Grade A or Grade B according to the performance requirements in Section 3.1.7MARKING Glazing material complying with this Standard shall be legibly marked with the following:(a)The name or registered trademark of the manufacturer or supplier.(b)The number of this Australian/New Zealand Standard,i.e.AS/NZS 2208.(c)A letter or other code to indicate plant of manufacture or supply.(d)Grade A or Grade B to indicate the grade of the material.(e)A number to indicate the nominal thickness for standard glazing material (see Table 2.1)in millimetres,or a number to indicate the minimum thickness for non-standard glazing material to the nearest tenth of a millimetre.(f)A letter or word or combinations thereof to indicate type of glazing material used in the product,as follows:(i)The letter ‘T’or word ‘toughened’,indicating a toughened safety glass.(ii)The letter ‘L’or the word ‘laminated’indicating a laminated safety glass.(iii)The letters ‘TL’indicating that the material is toughened laminated safety glass.(iv)The letters ‘HSL’indicating that the material is heat-strengthened laminated safety glass.(v)The letters ‘LL’indicating that the material is liquid-laminated safety glass.(vi)The letter ‘W’or the word ‘wired’indicating safety wired glass.(vii)The letter ‘F’or the word ‘ﬂoat’indicating that the component or components are ﬂoat glass.(viii)The letter ‘P’or the word ‘patterned’indicating that the component orcomponents are patterned glass.(ix)The letter ‘S’or the word ‘sheet’indicating that the component or components are made from sheet glass.(x)The letters ‘SP’indicating that the material is safety plastics for external and internal applications.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009AS/NZS 2208:19968(xi)The letters ‘SPI’indicating that the material is safety plastics for internal applications only.(xii)The letters ‘OC IN’indicating organic-coated glass.The marking shall be on the organic coating,the letters ‘IN’indicating the side of the material which is not to be exposed to the elements.(xiii)Any combinations of the above letters, e.g.‘LWF’indicating laminatedwired ﬂoat.Where non-permanent marking is used it shall be of a type that remains legible until examined by the appropriate authorities,that can be removed and that will self-destruct when removed.NOTES:1An example of a trademark for a 6mm thick laminated ﬂoat glass,Grade A safety glazing material by ABC company is as follows:LFABC Co.To AS/NZS 2208—GRADE A —62Manufacturers making a statement of compliance with this Australian/New Zealand Standard on a product,or on packaging or promotional material related to that product,are advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being veriﬁed.1.8VENTS Toughened safety glass shall be free from vents exceeding 2mm in length and any cracks or vents extending from tong marks towards the interior of the glass.NOTES:1A vent is a minute crack which may be induced during the toughening process.2The production of small indentations (tong marks)close to the edge of sheets of toughened safety glass is a feature inherent in some manufacturing processes and the presence of such marks is permissible except as given above.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009S E C T I O N2D I ME N S I O N A LS P E C I F I C A T I O N S2.1GENERAL This Section sets out the required thickness,size tolerance,squareness of rectangular panels and ﬂatness of panels for safety glass in order to comply with this Standard.NOTES:1For safety material other than safety glass (i.e.plastic),the manufacturer’s recommendation should be followed.2Prior to furnacing,toughened safety glass should be ﬁnished to a minimum standard whereby all edges are arrised.Arrised edges are formed by grinding a chamfer or bevel approximately 1mm wide on all sharp edges and corners.2.2THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS2.2.1General The thickness obtained shall be within the limits provided in Table 2.1,measured in accordance with Appendix C.2.2.2Standard nominal thickness of safety glass Safety glass,as speciﬁed in this Standard,refers to safety glass having a standard nominal thickness.Limits on the standard nominal thickness of various types of glass are given in Table 2.1.2.2.3Non-standard thickness of glazing material Thicknesses of safety glass other than those speciﬁed in Table 2.1may be utilized and shall not be a cause for rejection provided that the product meets all other appropriate test requirements of this Standard.NOTE:The use of non-standard thickness will require interpolation to satisfy the requirements of AS 1288.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009TABLE 2.1THICKNESS LIMITS FOR STANDARD NOMINAL THICKNESS OF GLASSmillimetresType of glassStandard nominalthicknessGlass thickness limits Minimum MaximumToughened glass,and heat-strengthened glass345 2.83.84.8 3.24.25.26810 5.87.79.7 6.28.310.312151911.714.518.012.315.520.02523.526.5Laminated glass5.386.388.38 4.65.67.6 5.46.48.410.3812.3816.389.611.615.410.412.416.6Toughened laminated glass,and heat-strengthened laminated glass6.388.38 5.67.6 6.48.410.3812.389.611.610.412.4Patterned glass,toughened patterned glass,and heat-strengthened patterned glass345 2.53.54.5 3.94.55.5610125.59.011.07.010.813.5Wired glass 65.06.8NOTES:1For glass that does not satisfy the thickness tolerances for the standard nominal thickness speciﬁed above,the minimum glass thickness shall be marked.2Linear interpolation as deﬁned in AS 1288shall apply for non-standard thickness.3Glass thickness limits speciﬁed for laminated glass exclude interlayer thickness.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 20092.3SIZE TOLERANCE REQUIREMENTS Tolerance on sizes for all safety glassshall be as speciﬁed in Table 2.2.TABLE 2.2SIZE TOLERANCE FOR GLASS OF STANDARD NOMINAL THICKNESSmillimetresStandard nominalthicknessTolerance limitsNon-patterned Patterned<1200≥1200<1200≥12003±2±2±3±44±2±2±3±45±2±2±3±46±2±2±3±48±2±2±4±510±2±3±4±512±2±3±4±515±2±3——19±2±3——25±2±3——NOTE:For non-standard glass thicknesses,interpolation will be required.2.4SQUARENESS OF RECTANGULAR PANELS —REQUIREMENTS The squareness of rectangular panels shall be such that the difference between the two diagonals does not exceed 5mm for panels where the largest dimension is less than 1200mm and 10mm for all other panels.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 20092.5FLATNESS REQUIREMENTS The ﬂatness of panels shall be within thefollowing limits:(a)Localized warp 1.0mm over any 200mm span.(b)Overall bow and warpage as given in Table 2.3.TABLE 2.3FLATNESS LIMITS FOR GLASS OF STANDARD NOMINAL THICKNESSmillimetresStandard nominalthicknessBow0to 15001501to 30003001to 50003451in 2001in 2001in 3001in 1501in 1501in 200——1in 20068101in 3501in 4001in 4001in 2501in 3001in 3001in 2001in 2501in 2501215191in 4001in 4001in 4001in 3001in 3001in 3001in 2501in 2501in 250251in 4001in 3001in 250NOTES:1Flatness measurements shall be checked against a straightedge with the panel standing within 5°of vertical and measurement taken horizontally.2For non-standard glass thicknesses,interpolation will be required.2.6EDGEWORK Prior to heat treatment,glass shall be arrised on all edges.NOTES:1Arrised edges are formed by grinding a chamfer or bevel of approximately 1mm wide on all sharp edges and corners.2Care should be exercized when handling glass to prevent edge damage and subsequent fracture.Particular care is required when handling toughened safety glass as damaged edges may result in spontaneous glass fracture.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009S E C T I O N 3T E S T R E Q U I R E M E N T S3.1GENERAL Glazing materials shall be classiﬁed as Grade A or Grade B safety glazing materials if it is shown that they satisfy the relevant impact (or fragmentation test for toughened glass)test performance requirements in addition to all other appropriate tests to be carried out as listed in Table 3.1.TABLE3.1TESTING FOR SAFETY GLAZING MATERIALSTestGlazing typeLaminated safety glassToughened safety glass*Heat-strengthenedand toughened laminated safety glassLiquid-laminated safety glassSafety wired glassOrganic-coated safety glassSafety plasticsOrganic-backed safety mirrorImpact(see Clause 3.2)X X X X X X X X Fragmentation (see Clause 3.3)—X ——————Boil(see Clause 3.4)X —X X ————Weathering(see Clause 3.5)—————X X —Ageing(see Clause 3.6)——————XXX indicates test to be conducted.*For toughened safety glass an impact or fragmentation test shall be carried out.NOTE:Boil test for heat-strengthened and toughened laminated glass can use laminates from ordinary annealed glass manufactured simultaneously.3.2IMPACT TEST3.2.1Test specimens Test specimens shall be prepared in a manner representative of normal installation practice.For example,if a safety organic-coated glass is used,the coating shall be applied to the test specimen in a manner that is representative of normal application (normally conﬁned within the visible sight lines only).3.2.2Orientation of test specimens For a symmetric material (any material symmetric about the geometric centre plane through its thickness,including toughened glass and some laminated glass)the impact test shall be carried out by impacting on either face.For an asymmetric material (any material not symmetric about the geometric centre plane through its thickness,including patterned wired glass and laminated glass with mixed glass types or thicknesses)the classiﬁcation shall be based on impact test results for impact on the face that is shown to give the worst performance.3.2.3Testing and classiﬁcation Grade A glazing material tested in accordance with Appendix D (see also Table 3.2),at a drop height of 300mm,shall not break or shall comply with the requirements for breakage given in Appendix D.If breakage does not occur at 300mm then the drop height is progressively increased to 450mm,600mm,750mm,900mm,1200mm and 1500mm until breakage occurs.When breakage occurs it shall comply with the requirements for breakage as given in Appendix D.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009Grade B glazing material,when tested in accordance with Appendix D (see also Table 3.2),at a drop height of 200mm,shall not break or shall comply with the requirements for breakage given in Appendix D.If breakage does not occur at 200mm,then the drop height is progressively increased to 300mm,450mm,600mm,750mm,900mm,1200mm and 1500mm until breakage occurs.When breakage occurs it shall comply with the requirements for breakage given in Appendix D.TABLE3.2CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZING MATERIAL ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOUR WHEN SUBJECTED TO THE IMPACT TESTClass Drop height 200mmnominal Drop height 300mm to 1500mm nominal Drop height greater than 1500mm or by a centre punch A No requirement No breakage,or breaks safely Breaks safely ordeforms BNo breakage,or breakssafelyNo breakage,or breaks safelyNo requirement3.3FRAGMENTATION TEST When samples of safety glazing material are tested in accordance with Appendix E,a sample which complies with the minimum particle count speciﬁed in Table 3.3shall be deemed to comply with the requirements for Grade A safety glazing materials speciﬁed in Clause 3.2.TABLE3.3FRAGMENTATION TEST —MINIMUM PARTICLE COUNTNominal glazing material thicknessmmMinimum number of particles per square of 50mm side33043054064084010401240NOTE:There is no reference to particle count for 15mm,19mm and 25mm due to the lack of scientiﬁc data.3.4BOIL TEST When tested in accordance with Appendix F the glazing material itself might crack,but no bubbles or other defects shall develop more than 12mm from the edge of the test specimen or from any cracks that have developed.Any test specimen which cracks to an extent that the results are confused shall be discarded without prejudice and another specimen shall be tested in its stead.s e d b y C A N B E R R A I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n 06 M a r 2009。

ASNZS中文

3AS/NZS1252:1996目录第一章范围和概述1.1范围 (4)1.2应用 (4)1.3参考文献 (4)1.4定义 (5)1.5标记 (5)1.6名称 (6)第二章高强度螺栓2.1生产方式 (8)2.1外形，尺寸＆表面处理 (8)2.3材料和机械性能 (9)2.4试验方法 (9)第三章高强度螺母3.1生产方式 (16)3.2外形，尺寸＆表面处理 (16)3.3材料和机械性能 (17)3.4试验方法 (17)第四章圆式平垫圈4.1外形，尺寸和表面处理 (20)4.2材料和热处理 (20)4.3硬度 (20)附录A机械性能试验的建议取样计划 (22)B检验螺栓从螺纹到螺母面垂直度的推荐测量方法 (23)C镀锌螺栓的装配测试 (24)D方斜垫圈 (25)AS/NZS1252:19964澳大利亚标准/新西兰标准建筑用高强度螺栓（装配有螺母＆垫圈的螺栓）第一章范围和概述1.1范围该标准规定了ISO公制粗牙螺纹系列直径16mm---36mm并带有调质钢垫圈的钢结构用螺栓8.8级螺栓和8级螺母的尺寸，材料＆钢印要求。

1.2运用螺栓，螺母和垫圈应符合第一章＆如下章节规定的要求：（a）螺栓…………………………………………………………第一章（b）螺母…………………………………………………………第二章（c）垫圈………………………………………………………….第三章1.3参考文献该标准参考如下文献：AS1014公制螺纹的测量1214带螺纹螺栓的热镀锌锌层（公制粗牙螺纹螺栓ISO标准）1275公制螺纹螺栓1650亚铁物的热镀锌锌层1789钢铁表面的电镀层——锌1815金属材料——洛氏硬度试验1817金属材料——维氏硬度试验1897螺纹部件上的电镀层AS/NZS4291紧固件机械性能4291.1第一部分：螺栓，螺丝和图钉4291.2第二部分：达到规定的试验应力的螺母——粗牙螺纹SAA/SNZHB18第三方鉴定＆委任的指导HB18.22指引22：生产方声称符合标准＆技术规范的信息ISO6157紧固件——表面不连续6157.1第一部分：螺栓，螺丝＆图钉的一般要求SAEJ122a螺母的表面不连续性5AS/NZS1252:1996 1.4定义如下定义适用用该标准。

asnzs_22081996澳大利亚、新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料.doc

AS/NZS 2208:1996澳大利亚、新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料Standards AustraliaStandards Australia是一所成立于1922年的独立的非营利机构。

它是澳大利亚的最高标准机构。

其宗旨是将个人与团体引向一个共同的目标——为提高生活质量和工业效率而将澳大利亚标准确立为产业与服务的国家标准。

Standards New Zealand新西兰的国家标准机构始建于1932年。

新西兰标准理事会是负责产品标准的权威机构。

该标准理事会于1988年根据标准法案建立Standards New Zealand.Australian/New Zealand Standards根据Standards Australia与Standards New Zealand之间的合作合约，工业、政府、消费者和其它部门的专家成立委员会筹备起草Australian/New Zealand Standards。

其公布的标准要求均经过各界代表的一致同意，并考虑了其它意见。

它反映了科学与工业的最新经验成果。

Australian/New Zealand Standards在公布后因科技的发展不断被审核与修改。

国际合作Standards New Zealand和Standards Australia都在努力使他们的观点被世界接受并从国际标准中吸收最新成果。

其职责关键在于帮助地方工业在国际市场上竞争。

两家机构都是国际标准组织（ISO）和国际电子技术委员会(IEC)的成员。

会员与信息Standards Australia和Standards New Zealand的成员可获得一系列的服务，包括：国际与地方标准发展的最新信息，优先获得最新的出版物和信用透支。

Standards Australia在悉尼和墨尔本的信息中心，Standards New Zealand在威灵顿的总部同时也提供澳大利亚、新西兰以及海外可适用的标准信息。

澳洲、新西兰钢筋标准中文翻译版4671：2001_

ISBN（译者注：国际标准图书编号）：0733737528
前言
本标准由澳大利亚/新西兰标准委员会 BD/084（加强及预应力材料）编制，以取代下列标准： AS 1302-1991 混凝土加固用钢筋 AS 1303-1991 混凝土加固用线材 AS 1304-1991 混凝土加固用线材焊接结构 NZS 3402: 1989 加固混凝土用钢筋 NZS 3421:1975 混凝土加固用冷拉低碳钢丝的规格米制单位 NZS 3422: 1975 用于混凝土加固的拉拔钢丝的焊接结构规格
4. 化学和力学性能
化学成分、碳当量和力学性能参数都做了必要的修改以满足（过去有时冲突）对强度ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้延展性和焊接性的要求。
5. 新内容
除了上述条款外，还包括下列新的内容：（a）对生产者各个环节的产品控制提出了特别的要求（条款 6.3 和条款 8），如何满足产品控制的具体要求参见附录 B。（b）关于特制钢筋焊接网的内容在条款 7.5.4 中有所涉及，特制钢筋焊接网不同于一般的钢筋焊接网，后者在此前只有对于粗钢制成的钢筋焊接网有所规定。（c）条款 9 中给出了强度等级和延展性等级的鉴别方法并配有插图，因此不同等级的材料可以从外观上轻松地区别出来，并且很容易与之前生产的材料相区分。（d）附录 C 中介绍的连接检验作为一种证明异型钢筋在埋入混凝土时能够达到其特定屈服强度的可选的方法。强制性条款的内容及其注释或表中的内容都视为本标准的要求。
附录 ................................................................................................................................................ 23 附录 A ..................................................................................................................................... 23 附录 B ..................................................................................................................................... 24 附录 C .................................................................................................................................... 31 附录 D .................................................................................................................................... 36

澳洲建材认证情况

一、玻璃CORDMARK认证建筑玻璃出口到澳洲需要做什么认证吗？进入澳大利亚的产品必须符合SAI（原SAA）标准，由于目前澳大利亚的产品安全认证没有一个统一的认证标志和唯一的认证机构。

所以澳大利亚的产品安全认证仍然统称为SAI（SAA）认证，即“通过SAI（SAA）制定的标准进行的认证”。

市场某些产品经过了他国的质量认证，如美国的UL认证、欧洲的CE认证，但是进入澳洲之前，仍需进行认证。

目前，只有新西兰的产品可以免测试.而涉及建筑产品,刚采用Code Mark安全认证标志。

玻璃去澳大利亚的认证流程是如何的?1、工厂产品审核2、提交相关信息，确认产品的协调标准和分类。

3、费用确定和构成提交相关信息，给出需要的费用（具体组成）4、对工厂进行审查,工厂必须提供英文质量手册5、出具工厂审查报告6、实验室对产品按型号进行分类测试,出具样品测试报告测试结果及工厂审查符合要求,就可以获得证书,如果收到认证机构签署的纠正措施,工厂须按要求进行整改或重新测试7、颁发证书8、证书的维护被许可人应保证和保持产品合格,如果产品加工方法或原材料改变都应向相关代理申请备案。

玻璃出口到澳大利亚的认证是强制性的吗?认证是非强制性的。

但是很多的澳洲客户会要求做认证，这样会对产品的销售有很大的帮助。

认证采用的标准是什么？AS/NZS 1288 Glass in buildings - Selection and installationAS/NZS 2208 Safety glazing materials in buildingsAS/NZS 2080 Safety glass for vehiclesAS/NZS 2371 Alcoholometers – Glass工厂审核主要是针对哪些部分？工厂审核主要是看样品和大货是否能够保持一致性。

还是就是质量控制系统，能不能保持产品质量的稳定，不能产生很大的波动。

主要是看是不是符合工厂编写的质量文件。

澳大利亚SAA认证介绍

澳大利亚SAA认证介绍澳大利亚SAA认证澳大利亚国际标准公司(Standards Australia International Limited) 是澳大利亚唯一的标准认证机构。

该机构于1922 年成立，当时名称为澳大利亚联邦工程标准协会，1929 年更名为澳大利亚标准协会。

随着业务的不断发展，1990 年又增加了质量认证服务有限公司(Quality Assurance Services Pty Ltd) 。

1999 年，该机构彻底放弃了协会性质，以公司形式注册至今。

澳大利亚国际标准公司是相对中立于政府和用户的。

1988 年它与联邦政府签署了谅解备忘录，明确了它在澳大利亚的独立性和权威性。

公司总部设在悉尼，在各州有办事机构，员工共有500 多人，并在印度、印度尼西亚和新西兰设有分支机构。

无论是进口或是在澳当地组装的电器产品，在进入澳大利亚市场销售前，首先要通过澳大利亚国际标准公司的认证。

不同电器产品要做不同的产品质量认证。

所有电器产品均要做安全认证(SAA) 。

检验机构通过对电器的破坏性试验，检查电器的安全可靠性，比如在高温情况下，不间断地超负荷使用电器，检查电器的安全性能。

对洗衣机的外表要进行漏水试验，检查是否漏电。

对电器的插座进行非正常使用，看是否有不安全隐患等等。

进入澳大利亚市场的电器产品须符合当地的安全法规，即业界经常面对的ＳＡＡ认证。

由于澳大利亚和新西兰两国的互认协议，所有取得澳大利亚认证的产品，均可顺利地进入新西兰市场销售。

SAA 的标志主要有两种，一种是形式认可，一种是标准标志。

形式认证是只能样品负负责，而标准标志是需每个进行工厂审查的。

目前国内申请SAA 认证有两种方式，一种是通过CB 测试报告转，若没有CB 测试报告，则也可以直接申请。

SAA的认证范围SAA的认证范围广泛，不同种类的认证标志也略有不同，主要范围包括：◆质量管理体系；◆环境管理体系；◆职业健康与安全管理；◆信息安全管理；◆HACCP食品安全管理；以及◆产品认证澳洲的SAA认证澳洲的认证有两种，一种是SAA，SAA它包括EMC（电磁兼容的其中一部分EMI）和LVD（安全部分），我们实验室可以先帮贵司做一下产品的预检测（根据工程师以往丰富的经验），所以就保证了一次性通过的机率！另一种是DFT，DFT相对SAA，他的申请费就便宜一些，而且可以在我们的实验室直接做目击测试，做完测试后把报告送到澳洲去审核一下就OK了！这样一来的话，在认证周期上的优势就会更加明显！（只需要4周的时间）所以，你们可以去问一下国外的客户，如果他们两个都能认可的话，我还是推荐你们申请DFT！另外，无论是SAA也好，DFT也好，他们的电磁兼容部份只是包括EMI（电磁干扰）部分，并没有包括EMS（电磁抗干扰），所以可以在申请SAA或DFT的基础上再申请C-TICK（电磁兼容）DFT和SAA两种认证都有号码、还有包括证书与报告。

AS_NZS_3678-1996_(翻译：热轧结构钢板、防滑铁板和厚板)

澳大利亚/新西兰标准热轧结构钢板，防滑铁板和厚板标准号：AS/NZS 3678:1996这项结构钢标准由联合技术委员会BD/23联合澳洲/新西兰标准编制。

它于1995年10月31日通过澳大利亚标准委员会，1995年11月13日通过新西兰标准局，并于1996年2月5日公布。

以下是BD/23 委员会代表：顾问工程师协会澳大利亚澳工商局澳大利亚和新西兰交通局联合会新西兰重钢制造工程学研究协会澳大利亚金属工业行业协会联合会澳大利亚、新西兰钢铁厂商澳洲协会标准审查：为与工业同步，澳大利亚/新西兰联合标准须定期审查和不断修正版本，或视需要而定。

因此，重要的是确保用户掌握最新的标准版本和任何修正案。

所有详细的相关标准和出版物能在澳大利亚标准/新西兰标准和刊物目录中找到，每月在‘澳大利亚标准’和‘新西兰标准’委员会杂志中都会有补充资料，并详列新版本，修正版和撤销的标准。

欢迎与澳大利亚标准、新西兰标准委员会办公室联系，对标准进行改进和建议。

委员会对该标准不准确或含糊的地方立刻进行研究，并会采取适当修改。

目录目录 (3)前言 (6)1 范围 (6)2 参考文献 (7)3 说明 (8)3.1 分析 (8)3.1.1 铸件分析 (8)3.1.2 产品分析 (8)3.2 能力 (8)3.3 轧制控制 (8)3.4 裂痕 (8)3.5 缺陷 (9)3.6 边缘情况 (9)3.6.1 平整的边 (9)3.6.2 曲边 (9)3.7 防滑铁板 (9)3.8 不足之处 (9)3.9 纵向方向 (9)3.10 可能性 (9)3.11 钢板 (9)3.12 伤痕 (9)3.13 应该 (9)3.14 脱落 (10)3.15 可能 (10)3.16 厚板 (10)3.17 测试 (10)3.18 测试样条 (10)3.19 测试抽样 (10)3.20 测试样本 (10)3.21 厚度方向 (10)3.22 横向 (10)4.2 机械性能测试等级 (11)4.3 其他特性 (11)4.4 分析等级 (11)4.5 修正符号 (11)5 化学成分 (12)5.1 概要 (12)5.2 铸件分析 (12)5.3 产品分析 (12)5.4 残留物 (12)6 制造公差 (13)7 缺陷产品的处理 (14)7.1 概要 (14)7.2 要求 (14)7.2.1 概要 (14)7.2.2 缺陷（不完善性） (14)7.2.3 缺陷 (15)7.3 修补程序 (15)7.3.1 打磨 (15)7.3.2 焊补 (15)8 试样的选择 (16)8.1 概要 (16)8.2 取样和测试 (16)9 样条的朝向和放置 (16)10 机械性能测试样条的制备 (17)10.1 概要 (17)10.2 抗拉样条 (17)10.3 冲击样条 (17)10.4 厚度方向抗拉 (17)11 测试程序 (18)11.1 抗拉试验 (18)11.2 摆锤V型缺口冲击试验 (18)11.3 厚度方向抗拉 (18)12.2 冲击测试 (18)12.3 厚度方向抗拉试验 (18)13 标识 (20)14四舍五入 (20)14.1 概要 (20)14.2 强度性能 (20)附录A 购买指南 (21)A1 概要 (21)A2 买方给卖方的信息 (21)A3 超声测试 (21)A4争议测试 (22)A5 检验证书和合格正 (22)A5.1 合格证 (22)A5.2 检验证书 (22)A6 视察 (22)A7 热处理 (22)附录B 证明符合标准的方法 (22)B1 范围 (22)B2 统计抽样 (23)B3 产品认证 (23)B4 厂商的质量体系 (23)B5 其他评估方法 (23)B5.1 概要 (23)B5.2 取样 (23)B5.3 符合性 (24)B5.4 复试 (24)附录 C 冷弯和热成型钢板 (25)C1 冷弯 (25)C2 热成型 (26)前言这项标准取代结构钢AS3678-1990标准。

(建筑工程安全)ASNZS澳大利亚新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料精编

（建筑工程安全）ASNZS_澳大利亚、新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料AS/NZS2208:1996澳大利亚、新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料StandardsAustraliaStandardsAustralia是壹所成立于1922年的独立的非营利机构。

它是澳大利亚的最高标准机构。

其宗旨是将个人和团体引向壹个共同的目标——为提高生活质量和工业效率而将澳大利亚标准确立为产业和服务的国家标准。

StandardsNewZealand新西兰的国家标准机构始建于1932年。

新西兰标准理事会是负责产品标准的权威机构。

该标准理事会于1988年根据标准法案建立StandardsNewZealand.Australian/NewZealandStandards根据StandardsAustralia和StandardsNewZealand之间的合作合约，工业、政府、消费者和其它部门的专家成立委员会筹备起草Australian/NewZealandStandards。

其公布的标准要求均经过各界代表的壹致同意，且考虑了其它意见。

它反映了科学和工业的最新经验成果。

Australian/NewZealandStandards于公布后因科技的发展不断被审核和修改。

国际合作StandardsNewZealand和StandardsAustralia均于努力使他们的观点被世界接受且从国际标准中吸收最新成果。

其职责关键于于帮助地方工业于国际市场上竞争。

俩家机构均是国际标准组织（ISO）和国际电子技术委员会(IEC)的成员。

会员和信息StandardsAustralia和StandardsNewZealand的成员可获得壹系列的服务，包括：国际和地方标准发展的最新信息，优先获得最新的出版物和信用透支。

StandardsAustralia于悉尼和墨尔本的信息中心，StandardsNewZealand于威灵顿的总部同时也提供澳大利亚、新西兰以及海外可适用的标准信息。

ASNZS_22081996澳大利亚、新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料

AS/NZS 2208:1996澳大利亚、新西兰标准建筑用安全玻璃材料Standards AustraliaStandards Australia是一所成立于1922年的独立的非营利机构。

它是澳大利亚的最高标准机构。

其宗旨是将个人与团体引向一个共同的目标——为提高生活质量和工业效率而将澳大利亚标准确立为产业与服务的国家标准。

Standards New Zealand新西兰的国家标准机构始建于1932年。

新西兰标准理事会是负责产品标准的权威机构。

其公布的标准要求均经过各界代表的一致同意，并考虑了其它意见。

它反映了科学与工业的最新经验成果。

Australian/New Zealand Standards在公布后因科技的发展不断被审核与修改。

国际合作Standards New Zealand和Standards Australia都在努力使他们的观点被世界接受并从国际标准中吸收最新成果。

其职责关键在于帮助地方工业在国际市场上竞争。

两家机构都是国际标准组织（ISO）和国际电子技术委员会(IEC)的成员。

会员与信息Standards Australia和Standards New Zealand的成员可获得一系列的服务，包括：国际与地方标准发展的最新信息，优先获得最新的出版物和信用透支。

Standards Australia在悉尼和墨尔本的信息中心，Standards New Zealand在威灵顿的总部同时也提供澳大利亚、新西兰以及海外可适用的标准信息。

新版建筑安全中空玻璃强制认证实施方案-中国建材检验认证集团

2012版国家标准建筑（安全）中空玻璃强制认证实施方案鉴于国家标准化管理委员会已于2012年12月31日以2012年第41号公告的形式发布GB/T11944-2012《中空玻璃》国家标准，依据国家认监委2012年第4号公告、国认科联（2005）18号文和技术决议等有关要求，特制订本实施方案。

一、实施日期考虑到建筑（安全）中空玻璃检测时间较长，综合各指定检测机构的实验室认可情况，为便于企业及时获得相关CCC证书，2012年12月31日至2013年9月1日为过渡期，过渡期新申请企业可自愿选择新旧版本的检测标准。

2013年5月1日至2014年8月31日为已按旧标准获证的证书转换期，自2014年9月1日起未完成转换的旧版标准CCC证书将予以注销。

二、新旧版本中空玻璃国家标准的差异经识别，2012版中空玻璃国家标准（简称新版）与2002版中空玻璃国家标准（简称旧版）有重大技术差异，新版标准将中空玻璃分为充气中空玻璃、中空玻璃两大类，对于纳入强制性产品认证范围内的建筑（安全）中空玻璃，新版国家标准除删减了原密封性能，将原气候循环耐久性能、高温高湿耐久性能合并调整为水气密封耐久性能，并通过试验后的水分渗透指数进行判定，耗时最长的单项检测项目由60天（原气候循环试验）增加为新版标准的77天（水气密封耐久性能）。

此外新旧版标准的露点和耐紫外辐照性能在检测结果和测试方法上也略有不同。

除强制认证的检测项目外，新标准还增加了供需双方确定的U值检测项目外，对于充气中空玻璃，还增加了初始气体含量、气体密封耐久性能的要求。

三、强制性产品认证检测项目和工厂确认检验项目依据2012年版GB/T11944《中空玻璃》国家标准实施建筑（安全）中空玻璃强制性产品认证时，初次和复查认证强制认证检测项目为露点、耐紫外辐照性能和气体密封耐久性能三项，认证年度监督检验项目为抽取代表性的单元进行露点、耐辐照检验两项。

自2013年5月1日起，不再要求工厂依据2002版GB/T11944《中空玻璃》规定的每半年或更改密封胶时实施的高温高湿耐久性能确认检验。

澳大利亚建材超市

bunnings war ehousebunnings洁具和管材管件有WA TERMARK认证和节水WELS认证，浴缸龙头不要WELS认证，花洒一定要有WELS认证的澳洲SAI淋浴房SAA认证+C-tick认证澳州和新西兰的淋浴房，玻璃需要AS/NZS2208认证澳洲几种常用装修建材及标准1.整体厨柜柜身材料: 18mm MFC 暖白E1级以上.门板材料: 18mm MDF PVC/2PC/Formica Laminate2.浴室柜柜身材料: 18mm MFC 暖白E1级以上.门板材料: 18mm MDF PVC/2PC/Formica Laminate3.洗衣房柜身材料: 18mm MFC 暖白E1级以上.门板材料: 18mm MDF PVC/2PC/Formica Laminate4.衣柜柜身材料: 18mm MFC 暖白E1级以上.门板材料: 18mm MDF PVC/2PC/Formica Laminate5.水龙头/花洒watermark&wels 认证6.马桶watermark认证7.淋浴房玻璃要有澳洲认证，玻璃需要AS/NZS2208认证8.磁砖防滑系数>R99.木地板10.intercome/ 插座要有SAA认证11.五金sink 304不锈钢/拉手304不锈钢/门铰/锁等建材五金。

12.陶瓷盆门窗，AS2047标准。

玻璃需要AS/NZS2208认证!陶瓷马桶\水龙头需要Watermark认证.WELS(Water Efficiency Labeling Scheme 水效率标签计划)当前WELS包含的用水产品包括：• Showers 淋浴设备• Toilet (WC) equipment 马桶设备• Faucets 水龙头• Urinals 尿盆• Flow controllers 水流控制器• Clothes washing machines and dishwashers 洗衣机和洗碗机其中就简单的讲讲尿盆：TheWELS Scheme applies to the following urinal types:WELS计划适用于一下类型的尿盆：• A combination of urinal and flushing control mechanism.尿盆和冲水控制设施的组合• A urinal fixture尿盆• A urinal flushing mechanism尿盆冲水设施TheWELS Scheme does not apply to waterless urinals or to those products utilised and promoted asenabling waterless urinals.WELS计划不适用于无水尿盆，以及使尿盆产品成为无水尿盆的组件和产品。

安全玻璃强制认证合同5篇

安全玻璃强制认证合同5篇篇1甲方（购买方）：____________________乙方（供应方）：____________________鉴于甲乙双方就安全玻璃产品的购销事宜，根据《中华人民共和国合同法》及相关法律法规的规定，为明确双方的权利义务，保障双方合法权益，经友好协商，达成如下协议：一、认证产品1. 乙方供应的安全玻璃产品必须通过国家相关部门的强制认证，确保产品质量符合国家相关标准。

二、合同标的2. 本合同所涉及的安全玻璃产品及其规格、型号、数量等详见附件《产品清单》。

三、质量要求3. 乙方所提供的安全玻璃产品应符合国家相关标准及规定的质量要求，且必须通过国家相关部门的检验认证。

4. 乙方应提供安全玻璃产品的质量保证书、检验报告等相关证明材料。

5. 如甲方发现乙方所提供的产品存在质量问题，有权要求退货或换货，并由乙方承担相关费用。

四、交货与验收6. 乙方应按照甲方的要求，按时将安全玻璃产品送达指定地点。

7. 甲方有权对乙方提供的产品进行验收，如发现产品存在质量问题或不符合合同要求，有权拒绝接收或要求退货。

8. 乙方应配合甲方进行验收工作，并承担因自身产品质量问题导致的退货、换货等费用。

五、价格与支付方式9. 乙方应按照合同约定向甲方提供安全玻璃产品的价格，并明确支付方式及期限。

10. 甲方应按照合同约定支付货款，如因乙方原因造成交货延迟，甲方有权顺延支付期限。

11. 如甲方发现产品价格高于市场价格或存在欺诈行为，有权拒绝支付超出合理范围的款项。

六、保密条款12. 双方应对本合同内容及在合同履行过程中获知的对方商业秘密、技术秘密等信息予以保密。

未经对方书面同意，不得向第三方泄露。

13. 若一方违反保密条款，应承担相应的法律责任。

七、违约责任14. 若乙方提供的产品存在质量问题或不符合合同要求，乙方应承担违约责任，赔偿甲方因此造成的损失。

15. 若甲方未按合同约定支付货款或违反其他合同义务，应承担相应的违约责任。

澳大利亚门窗标准与国内标准之差别

表３控制力指标
作用力
初始开启力Ｎ
持续开启力Ｎ
推拉窗类型水平推拉垂直推拉
１１０
２００
９０
１６０
推拉门１８０１１０
我国标准中的启闭力检测是针对于任何种类的门窗进行检测的，包括推拉门窗和平开门窗，且是测定扇在整个开启过程中最大的力，其实这与澳大利亚标准中的初始作用力相当，因为要使物体（扇）从静止到运动产生的力往往要大于保持其持续运动的力。所以初始开启力一般都大于持续开启力。４气密性能
１概述随着中国门窗市场日趋饱和以及对外联系的日
趋频繁，门窗业许多有识之士都着眼于将自己的产品打入国际市场。澳大利亚是一个较大的市场，近几年来进入澳大利亚的门窗数量越来越多，具不完全统计，２００６年仅从上海销往澳大利亚的门窗近３万平方米，产值约２５００万元。
俗话说：知己知彼，百战不殆。同样，欲将自己的门窗销往澳大利亚，除了自己应具有一定的门窗生产能力之外，还要了解澳大利亚对门窗的要求，澳
最后，就进入恒温阶段。标准中有明确的要求， “当冷、热箱和环境温度达到设定值后，监控各控温点温度，使冷、热箱和环境温度维持稳定。４ｈ之后，如果逐时测量得到热箱和冷箱的空气平均温度ｔｈ
和ｔｃ每小时变化的绝对值分别不大于０．１℃和０．３℃；温差 Δθ１和 Δθ２每小时变化的绝对值分别不大于０．１Ｋ和０．３Ｋ，且上述温度和温差的变化不是单向变化，则表示传热过程已经稳定”。在这一阶段，不宜频繁改变加热功率，以免由于升温的滞后性而导致温度不断升高或降低，延长检测时间。４总结
－
２０．０
７２．０
３２．０
１１５．２

澳标钢材标准

澳标钢材标准介绍如下:
澳大利亚是一个资源丰富的国家，拥有广泛的矿产资源，其中包括铜、铁、天然气和煤等金属和能源产品。

因此，澳大利亚的钢铁工业在很长的时间里都是国家经济中不可或缺的部分。

随着世界和国内市场的变化，澳大利亚钢铁工业面临着各种挑战和机遇。

为了提高钢铁工业的竞争力和适应市场需求，澳大利亚国家标准局（Standards Australia）制定了一系列与钢铁有关的标准，其中包括澳标钢材标准。

澳标钢材标准是指那些用于规范澳大利亚制造和进口的钢材的标准。

这些标准覆盖了钢材的物理、化学、机械和其他特性，确保钢材的质量符合安全和环保的要求。

具体来说，澳标钢材标准包括以下几类：
1.结构钢标准：包括AS 3678、AS/NZS 3679等标准，这些标准规定了结构钢的物理、化学和机械性能。

2.钢筋标准：包括AS 4671、AS 1302等标准，主要用于规范钢筋的直径、长度、拉伸强度等性能。

3.管道钢标准：包括AS 1163、AS 1074等标准，这些标准规定了管道钢的物理、化学和机械性能，以及钢管的尺寸、质量和表面处理。

4.耐热钢标准：包括AS 1210、AS 3679.2等标准，这些标准规定了耐热钢的物理、化学和机械性能，以及在高温和高压环境下使用时需要满足的要求。

通过实施澳标钢材标准，有助于澳大利亚钢铁行业提高产品质量、降低生产成本，以及满足客户日益增长的需求。

同时，作为一种国际标准，澳标钢材标准也为澳大利亚的钢材出口创造了更好的条件和机会。

因此，钢铁制造商和进口商应该遵守澳标钢材标准，以确保钢材的质量和性能符合国家和国际标准，同时为自身的品牌和产品赢得更广泛的认可和信誉。