18 19Module3SectionⅢGrammar被动语态Ⅰand主谓一致
18 19Module1SectionⅢGrammar被动语态Ⅰand主谓一致
Section 山Grammar 被动语态(I )&主谓一致［语境自主领悟］［语法精要点拨］一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1. 构成一般现在时被动语态的构成：is/am/are+过去分词一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+过去分词My computer is repaired every few mon ths.我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。
My computer was repaired by the storekeeper yesterday.昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。
2. 用法(1)需要强调动作的承受者时，此时可以用“by+动作执行者”指出动作的执行者。
—Did you enjoy the party?――你们在聚会上玩得开心吗？—Yes.We were treated wel by our hosts――很开心。
主人把我们招待得很好。
(2)不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
Do you know whe n the new railway will be opened?你知道新的铁路什么时候通车吗？3. 主动形式表示被动意义⑴连系动词(如look, sou nd, smell, feel, taste, remai n 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The food tastes delicious.这种食品尝起来美味可口。
What he said at the meet in g pounded e ncourag ing.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。
(2)当wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock 等不及物动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
《Grammar and usage》 知识清单
《Grammar and usage》知识清单一、词类（Parts of Speech）1、名词（Noun）普通名词（Common Noun）：如“book”（书）、“table”（桌子）。
专有名词（Proper Noun）：如“China”（中国）、“Tom”（汤姆）。
可数名词（Countable Noun）和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun）：可数名词有复数形式，如“apples”；不可数名词没有复数形式，如“water”。
2、动词（Verb）及物动词（Transitive Verb）和不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）：及物动词后需接宾语，如“eat an apple”；不及物动词后不接宾语，如“sleep”。
动词的时态（Tenses）：包括一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）等。
3、形容词（Adjective）形容词用于描述或修饰名词，如“beautiful girl”（漂亮的女孩）。
形容词的比较级（Comparative Degree）和最高级（Superlative Degree）：如“taller”（更高的）、“the tallest”（最高的）。
4、副词（Adverb）副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如“run fast”（跑得快）、“very beautiful”（非常漂亮）。
副词的比较级和最高级：如“more carefully”（更仔细地）、“most carefully”（最仔细地）。
5、代词（Pronoun）人称代词（Personal Pronoun）：如“I”（我）、“you”（你）、“he”（他）等。
2018-2019学年高中英语(外研版)必修三配套课件：Module 1 Period 3 Grammar 语法专题课 精讲优练课型
3. 下列情况不用被动语态:
(1) 有 些 动 词 或 动 词 短 语 没 有 被 动 语 态 ， 如 belong to, break out, happen, take place, last, fail, cost等。 *The meeting only lasted for an hour. 会议只持续了一个小时。
were 3. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures _____
produced (produce) by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and _________ Michelangelo.
(1) 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语
时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
*Walking on the moon is very difficult.
在月球上行走是十分困难的。
*What the boy wanted were some books. 这个男孩想要的是几本书。(此句根据some books可知What the boy
(2) 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义以说明主语的性质，如 clean, sell, look, lock, open, write, read, wash, feel 等 ， 此 时 多 与 副 词 easily/poorly/well等连用。 *This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布很容易洗。
2. 主动语态变被动语态应注意： (1)有些动词, 如feel，hear，watch，notice，make，have，let等，在
Unit3SectionⅢGrammar——过去完成时及其被动语态
Unit3SectionⅢGrammar——过去完成时及其被动语态Section ⅢGrammar——过去完成时及其被动语态一、定义[合作探究]—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?——你们找到安的家有困难吗？—Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. ——算不上难。
她已经给了我们她家的具体的位置，我们能够容易地找到它。
By the end of 2017, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.到2017年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。
[自主发现1]①过去完成时的构成：had__done②表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。
句中常有by, by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time, before, when, until 等引导的状语从句。
③过去完成时表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for,__since等词连用。
图示为：二、固定句型中的过去完成时[合作探究]I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
高中英语Module1EuropeSectionⅢGrammar_被动语态和主谓一致课件外研版必修3
3－2.完成句子 ⑥老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。 The old are well taken care of in our city. ⑦我们一家人在看电视。 My family are watching TV. ⑧什么时间什么地方举行这次会议还没有决定 下来。
When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided
二、主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保 持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一 致原则，语法一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．意义一致，指谓语动词的变化根据主语所表达的 单、复数概念而定。
(1)有些集合名词如 family, team, class, committee, government 等作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词用单数 形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。
(8)“分数/百分数＋of 短语”作主语时，根据 of 后 的名词的数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Two thirds of the trees have been cut down. 三分之二的树木被砍掉了。 Two thirds of the water is used for watering the trees. 三分之二的水被用来浇树了。
The family has moved to Spain. 这家人已搬去西班牙。 His family are all important persons. 他的家人都是些重要人物。
(2)单个从句、不定式、动名词(短语)等作主语时，谓 语用单数。
When to go to China hasn't been decided. 什么时候去中国还没决定。 (3) 学科类名词、抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词、 游戏或运动类的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。 Physics is considered difficult by most of students. 许多学生认为物理很难。
M1-3 Grammar 1 被动语态
这时汽车已修完了。
2．被动语态的用法
1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执
行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。 The book is written for teachers.
这种书是为教师写的。 2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带
一般来讲, 只有及物动词才有被动语 态，因为只有及物动词才能有动作 的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+ 介词及其他词类构成的短语动词， 相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。
因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语 动词是一个不可分割的整体变被动时， 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。这 样的短语有： look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of
C．serves
D．served
在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶 和蔗糖。
答案B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常
用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选 择。serve意思是“供给”或 “送上”， 此处应用被动语态。
8. If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. ('92) A．are not kept; will have to B．are not kept; have to C．do not keep; will have to D．do not keep; have to
We gave him some picture-books. →He was given some picture-books. →Some picture-books were given to him.
Unit3 Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态
Grammar
The Present Perfect Passive Voice
1.动作发生在过去,但在说话之前已经完成。 这个动作对现在仍有影响。 -Have you finished your homework? -Yes，I have. (I have finished my homework.) 2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作 或状态。这个动作或状态可能仍然在进行。 You have learned English for eight years. Mr. Wang has taught English for five years.
现在完成时的被动语态：
the Present Perfect Passive Voice S+ have/has + been done （缺一不可）
•The present perfect passive voice: (肯定句、否定句)
1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型： S+ have / has been done
A new bridge has been built in our city.
many trees plant along the road
Many trees have been planted along the road.
现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)
现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，
•复习各时态（tense)的被动语态(passive voice)： 一般现在时(simple present tense )的被动语 态： S + am/is /are + done We are advised to remember more and more new English words.
Unit 3 Grammar动名词的被动语态.doc
(6)表示方式或伴随情况
Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc. 请填好表格，写出你的名字、地址等相关信息
V-ing形式(动名词)的复合结构(one’s doing) 出于句意表达的需要，V-ing常常带有自己的逻辑 主语，构成V-ing的复合结构，其形式为： 1）在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”； 2）在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾 格”。（只 V-ing作宾语时使用） Tom’s/His being left alone at home made him sad. Do you mind Tom’s/Tom/his/him being left alone at home?
注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider,
delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to,
外研版高中英语必修三 Module1 Grammar and Writing 课件 (共57张PPT)
选A 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：给老板的信 解析： 放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天后老板才读这些信件。 根据句中“didn„t read them”可知放信的动作发生在过 去，且put与letters之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此A项
正确。
1－2(2012· 辽宁高考)Mum, I was wondering if you could
那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢迎。
(2)形复意单的名词，如news， maths，politics，physics，works，means，the United
States等,作主语时，谓语动词用单数 。
This news is quite shocking. 这则消息令人十分震惊。 Politics is the subject which she is most interested in. 政治是她最感兴趣的学科。
is/am/are＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。
I am often told to be careful by my mother. 妈妈经常告诉我要小心。
(2)一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者＋ was/were＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。 The boy was hit by a car yesterday. 这个男孩昨天被车撞了。
The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.
这些椅子昨天上午修过了。 [点津]
短语动词转变为被动语态时，不可把动词后的介词或副
词漏掉。 This kind of flower should be taken good care of.(of不可
漏掉)
这种花应该被照顾好。
外研版 必修三 MODULE 3 grammar(共22张PPT)
4.Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas!
以上四个句子都使用了过去完成时 (时态)。其中,第一句和第四句
为 被动 语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者,即有
动宾
关系;第二句和第三句为主动
语态,句子的主语
2．句式的转换 (1)陈述句的转换
①that引导 ②人称、时态变化
(2)一般疑问句的转换
①if/whether+陈述句 ②人称、时态、语序变化
(3)特殊疑问句的转换
①特殊疑问词引+陈述句 ②人称、时态、语序变化
(4)选择疑问句的转换 用 whether… or…表达，而不用 if… or…也不用 either… or…。 He asked，“Do you speak English or French？” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French. (5)祈使句的转换 He said, “Do it now and don't put it off until tomorrow.” →He told me to do it then and not to put it off until the next day.
(mean) to take a good holiday this year,but
he wasn’t able to get away.
2
间接引语
间接引语
1．基本概念 直接引语表示直接引用别人的原话，通常都用引号括 起来。间接引语表示用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间 接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
2020-2021学年外研版人教版必修3课件：Module 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar
8．left 解析：考查时态。根据句意可知，鲍伯已经去了加利福尼 亚，因此句中的 when 是指过去的时间，故用一般过去时。 9．was waiting 解析：that 引导的从句中有 when 引导的时间状语从句，根 据句意可知，“事故”发生在“等车”过程中，所以要用过去 进行时。 10．was doing 解析：根据时间状语可知此处要用过去进行时。
Module 3
The Violence of Nature
Section Ⅲ Grammar
表一：过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态由“助动词 had＋been＋过去分 词”构成。
表二：间接引语
附表一：直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时
答案与解析 1．had been occupied 解析：句意：“旅行怎么样？”“很累！我在最后一刻赶 上了火车，但是座位都满了，我站了一路。”occupy 这一动作 在过去动作 caught the train 之前完成，应用过去完成时；seat 与 occupy 为被动关系，故句子需用被动语态。
—No, I ________ (not invite). Did they have a big wedding?
8．—Bob has gone to California. —Oh, can you tell me when he ________ (leave)? 9．The witness said to the policeman that he ________ (wait) for a bus when the traffic accident happened. 10．Anne sent an email asking me what I ________ (do) from 3 pm to 5 pm last weekend.
18-19 Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——被动语态
18-19 Unit 3 Section ⅢGrammar——被动语态二、被动语态的基本构成形式被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be/get＋及物动词的过去分词”。
被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：一般现在时am/is/are taken 一般过去时was/were taken现在进行时am/is/arebeing taken过去进行时was/werebeing taken现在完成时have/hasbeen taken过去完成时had beentaken一般将来时will/shallbe taken过去将来时would/shouldbe takenThe disabled are respected in our country.残疾人在我们国家受到尊敬。
Tom's legs were badly injured in an accident last year.在去年的一次事故中，汤姆的双腿严重受伤。
A presentation will be given on the new products.将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。
Besides，many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.此外，大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。
The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。
Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。
B3module3Grammar
B3 module3 GrammarStudying aims:1. 过去完成时的被动语态2. 直接引语和间接引语Grammar（Ⅰ）过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：①过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构：had been+过去分词。
例如：They said that production costs _________________________.他们说生产成本已经下降了。
The classroom _______ _______ ______ before the teacher came. (clean)The students _______ _______ _______ how to use it before they used it.(teach)②过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：had not been + 过去分词。
例如：The classroom ______________________ before the teacher came. (not clean)③过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结构：had + 主语+ been + 过去分词。
_______ a new school _________________by the end of last year? (set up)How many buildings ______________________ when the hurricane ended? (destroy)思维拓展某些动词的主动形式表示被动含义，这类动词有：①表示状态特征的联系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear等。
例如：The steel _________ cold. (feel)The mixture ___________ delicious. (smell)②表示“开始”“结束”“运动”的动词，begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，move等。
Grammar(被动语态)
The play won’t act. The door won’t shut. The cloth washes well. The material tears easily. （比较：He angrily 比较： tore the paper into pieces.） ） The sentence reads smoothly.（比较：The （比较： sentence was read aloud by the student.） ） The bell strikes clearly.（比较：The naughty （比较： boy struck the bell with a stone.） ） Her voice records well.（比较：The speech （比较： was recorded and played before the audience.） ）
该句的句型是: 注:该句的句型是 It is said that…/people 该句的句型是
(they) said that…/that book is said to …根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字 根据句意是已经被译成了
所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。 所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
7. –Hi, Tom, you look tired. -- Of course. I ___ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting
6. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated
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Section 山Grammar ------- 被动语态（n ）&
直接引语与间接引语
［语境自主领悟］
［语法精要点拨］
、过去完成时的被动语态
1. 构成：had+ been+过去分词
2•用法：
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。
常用于before, after, by the time, when等引导的状语从句中，且谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by, before, until +过去的时间点。
When she got home she found that her keySi ad been left in her office.
当她到家时，她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。
By 16: 30, which was almost closi ng time, n early all the paintings had been sold 到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。
The newspaper reported more than 1, 000 people had been killed in the hurrica ne.
报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。
［名师点津］
在“It was the first/second...time that...句型中。
此句型主句用一般过去时，that 引导的定语从句中，主语和谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语 ^态。
It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue 那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。
［即时演练1］单句语法填空
①By the end of last yea，10，000 trees had been planted （plant） in that village.
② His village had been flooded （flood） in the heavy rain，so he moved to his pare nts' house.
二、直接引语与间接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫作间接引语。
直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。
1 •直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由连词that引导（that可省略）。
Mary said to her frie nds，“ I don't like computers.”
f Mary said to her frie nds that she did n't like computers.
2•直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时变成if/whether引导的宾语从
句（从句中须用陈述语序）。
They asked him, “Is it easy to improve the con diti on of the soi? ”
f They asked him if/whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who, whom，when, where, why, how等疑问词引导的宾语从句（注意：从句中须用陈述语序）。
“When do you harvest the whea l ” they asked him.
f They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
4. 直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时变为“主语+ ask/order/tell/beg等+宾语+动词不定式”这一句型。
He said, “ Do it now and don't put it off until tomorrow. ”
f He told me to do it then and not to put it off until the next day.
5
［名师点津］
直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时，变成间接引语时时态不变。
当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。
6 •指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化：
［即时演练2］句型转换
①“ I like reading adventure stories” said John.
f Joh n said (that) he liked readi n
g adve nture stories.
②“ You have fini shed the homework have n't you?” my mother asked. f My
mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
③“ Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” he asked me.
f He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.
［语法应用落实］
I •单句语法填空
1. The floor looked clean, because it had been cleaned(clean) before we arrived.
2. By the time the hurricane ended more than 700 people had been killed(kill).
3. As soon as she heard the news that her lost baby had been found(find) the excited mother burst into tears.
【导学号：27932019】
4. When I got to the theatre I found the tickets had been sold(sell) out.
5. —How was the journ ey?
—Tirin g! I caught the train at the last sec ond and all the seats had bee n occupied (occupy). I stood all the way.
6. The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was anything wrong.
【导学号：27932019】
7. The teacher told us that light travels(travel) much faster than sound.
n .单句改错
1. The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to his pronunciation. his—my
2. It was reported that more than 1, 000 people had killed in the tornado.killed 前面力卩been
3. He said that some bridges had washed away after the storm.had加been
4. The teacher asked the students that they were interested in English. that—whether/if
5. John told me that he is going to see the film a second time.—was
6. He said that he had bought the house 10 years ago.a—before
7. The teacher told us that the sun was bigger than the moon.w—^s
8. Mary told me that she had moved to Lon don in 2019去掉had。