爱默生简介中英文对照
爱默生名言中英对照
爱默生名言中英对照1、彬彬有礼的风度，主要是自我克制的表现。
Polite manner, mainly self restrained performance.2、一千年太短暂了，人类即使拥有多于十倍、百倍的潜能，也不能掌握全部的知识。
One thousand years too short, even if human beings have more than ten times, a hundred times the potential, but also can not grasp all of the knowledge.3、你们认为我是命运之子：实际上，我却在创造着自己的命运。
You think I'm the son of fate, in fact, I'm creating my own destiny.4、真正持久的胜利是和平，而不是**。
Real lasting victory is peace, not war.5、英雄并不比一般人更勇敢，只不过他的勇气比你多维持了五分钟而已。
A hero is no more a man than a man, but his courage is more than five minutes longer than you.6、戒指或宝石并不是礼物，是作为礼物的一种权宜之物。
Ring or gem is not a gift, as a gift of expediency.7、无论真理在何受到伤害，都应去扞卫它。
No matter where the truth hurts, should go to defend it.8、智慧的可靠标志就是能够在平凡中发现奇迹。
The reliable mark of wisdom is to discover the miracle in the ordinary.9、如果我们用片面的方法阅读书籍，那么我们得到的就会是片面的知识。
爱默生(全英文)-推荐下载
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27,1882) was anAmerican philosopher, essayist, and poet, best remembered forleading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19thcentury. His teachings directly influenced the growing NewThought movement of the mid-1800s. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescientcritic of the counterva iling pressures of society.Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporarie s,formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nat ure. As aresult of this ground-breaking work he gave a speech entitled The American Scholar in 1837, whichOliver Wen dell Holmes, Sr. considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".C onsidered one of the great orators of the time, Emerson's enthusiasm and respect for his audience enraptured crowds. His support for abolitionism late in life created controversy, and attimes he was subject to abuse from crowds while speaking on the topic. When ask ed to sum uphis work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man. "Literary career and TranscendentalismEmerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental Club, which served as acenter for the m ovement. Its first official meeting was held on September 19,1836. Emersonanonymously published his first essay, Nature, in September 1836. A year later, on August 31, 1837, Emerson delivered his now-famous Phi Beta Kappa address, "The American Scholar", thenknown as "An Oration, Delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge"; it was renamedfor a collection of essays in 1849. In the speech, Emerson declared literary independence in theUnited States and urged Americans to crea te a writing style all their own and free from Europe.James Russell Lowell, who was a stu dent at Harvard at the time, called it "an event without formerparallel on our literary ann als". Another member of the audience, Reverend John Pierce, called it"an apparently inco herent and unintelligible address".In 1837, Emerson befriended Henry David Thoreau. Though they had likely met as early as 1835,in the fall of 1837, Emerson asked Thoreau,"Do you keep a journal?" The question went on tohave a lifelong inspiration for Thoreau.On July 15,1838, Emerson was invited to Divinity Hall, Harvard Divinity School for the school'sgradu ation address, which came to be known as his "Divinity School Address". Emersondiscoun ted Biblical miracles and proclaimed that, while Jesus was a great man, he was not God: historical Christianity, he said, had turned Jesus into a "demigod, as the Orientals or the Greekswould describe Osiris or Apollo". His comments outraged the establishment and th e generalProtestant community. For this, he was denounced as an atheist, and a poisone r of young men'sminds. Despite the roar of critics, he made no reply, leaving others to p ut forward a defense. Hewas not invited back to speak at Harvard for another thirty year s.The Transcendental group began to publish its flagship journal, The Dial, in July 1840.Th ey plannedthe journal as early as October 1839, but work did not begin until the first we ek of 1840.GeorgeRipley was its managing editor and Margaret Fuller was its first editor, having been hand-chosen byEmerson after several others had declined the role. Fuller stayed on for about t wo years andEmerson took over, utilizing the journal to promote talented young writers i ncluding ElleryChanning and Thoreau.It was in 1841 that Emerson published Essays, his second book, which included the famo us essay, "Self-Reliance". His aunt called it a "strange medley of atheism and false independence", but it gained favorable reviews in London and Paris. This book, and its popular reception, more than anyof Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fam e.In January 1842 Emerson's first son Waldo died from scarlet fever. Emerson wrote of his grief inthe poem "Threnody"("For this losing is true dying"), and the essay "Experience". In the sameyear, William Ja mes was born, and Emerson agreed to be his godfather.Bronson Alcott announced his plans in November 1842 to find "a farm of a hundred acres inexcellent condition with good buildings, a good orchard and grounds". Charles Lane pu rchased a90-acre (360,000m2) farm in Harvard, Massachusetts, in May 1843 for what would becomeFruitlands, a co mmunity based on Utopian ideals inspired in part by Transcendentalism. The farmwould r un based on a communal effort, using no animals for labor; its participants would eat no meat and use no wool or leather. Emerson said he felt "sad at heart" for not engaging in theexperiment himself. Even so, he did not feel Fruitlands would be a success."Their whole doctrine isspiritual", he wrote,"but they always end with saying, Give us much land and money". Even Alcottadmitted h e was not prepared for the difficulty in operating Fruitlands."None of us were preparedto actualize practically the ideal life of which we dreamed. So we fell apart", he wrote. After itsfailure, Emerson helped buy a farm for Alcott's family in Concord which Alcott named "Hillside".The Dial ceased publication in April 1844; Horace Greeley reported it as an end to the "m ost originaland thoughtful periodical ever published in this country".Emerson made a living as a popular lecturer in New England and much of the rest of the country.From 1847 to 1848, he toured England, Scotland, and Ireland. He also visited Pa ris between theFebruary Revolution and the bloody June Days. When he arrived, he saw the stumps where treeshad been cut down to form barricades in the February riots. On May 21 he stood on the Champde Mars in the midst of mass celebrations for concord, pe ace and labor. He wrote in his journal: "Atthe end of the year we shall take account,& see if the Revolution was worth the trees."He had begun lecturing in 1833; by the 1850s he was giving as many as 80 per year. Em ersonspoke on a wide variety of subjects and many of his essays grew out of his lectures. He chargedbetween $10 and $50 for each appearance, bringing him about $800 to $1,00 0 per year. Hisearnings allowed him to expand his property, buying eleven acres of land by Walden Pond and afew more acres in a neighboring pine grove. He wrote that he was "landlord and waterlord of 14acres, more or less".In 1845, Emerson's journals show he was reading the Bhagavad Gita and Henry Thomas Colebrooke's Essays on the Vedas. Emerson was strongly influenced by the Vedas, and m uch ofhis writing has strong shades of nondualism. One of the clearest examples of this c an be found inhis essay "The Over-soul":We live in succession, in division, in parts, in particles. Meantime within man is the soul o f the whole;the wise silence; the universal beauty, to which every part and particle is equ ally related, the eternalONE. And this deep power in which we exist and whose beatitude is all accessible to us, is not onlyself-sufficing and perfect in every hour, but the act of seeing and the thing seen, the seer an d thespectacle, the subject and the object, are one. We see the world piece by piece, as the sun, themoon, the animal, the tree; but the whole, of which these are shining parts, i s the soul.Emerson was introduced to Indian philosophy when reading the works of French philosop herVictor Cousin.In February 1852 Emerson and James Freeman Clarke and William Henry Channing edite d anedition of the works and letters of Margaret Fuller, who had died in 1850. Within a w eek of herdeath, her New York editor Horace Greeley suggested to Emerson that a biogr aphy of Fuller, to becalled Margaret and Her Friends, be prepared quickly "before the int erest excited by her saddecease has passed away". Published with the title The Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Fuller'swords were heavily censored or rewritten. The three edi tors were not concerned about accuracy;they believed public interest in Fuller was tempo rary and that she would not survive as a historicalfigure. Even so, for a time, it was the b est-selling biography of the decade and went throughthirteen editions before the end of the century.Walt Whitman published the innovative poetry collection Leaves of Grass in 1855 and sen t a copyto Emerson for his opinion. Emerson responded positively, sending a flattering fiv e-page letter as aresponse. Emerson's approval helped the first edition of Leaves of Grass s tir up significant interestand convinced Whitman to issue a second edition shortly thereaf ter. This edition quoted a phrasefrom Emerson's letter, printed in gold leaf on the cover: "I Greet You at the Beginning of a GreatCareer". Emerson took offense that this letter wa s made public and later became more critical ofthe work.LegacyAs a lecturer and orator, Emerson—nicknamed the Concord Sage—became the leading voice ofintellectual culture in the United States. Herman Melville, wh o had met Emerson in 1849, originallythought he had "a defect in the region of the heart " and a "self-conceit so intensely intellectual thatat first one hesitates to call it by its right name", thou gh he later admitted Emerson was "a greatman". Theodore Parker, a minister and Transc endentalist, noted Emerson's ability to influence andinspire others:"the brilliant genius of Emerson rose in the winter nights, and hung over Boston,drawing the eyes of ingenuous young people to look up to that great new start, a beauty and am ystery, which charmed for the moment, while it gave also perennial inspiration, as it led t hemforward along new paths, and towards new hopes".In his book The American Religion, Harold Bloom repeatedly refers to Emerson as "The p rophet ofthe American Religion," which in the context of the book refers to indigenously American andgnostic-tinged religions such as Mormonism and Christian Science that arose largely in Emerson's lifetime. In The Western Canon, Harold Bloom compares Emerson to Michel de Montaign e:"Theonly equivalent reading experience that I know is to reread endlessly in the noteboo ks and journalsof Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American version of Montaigne."In May 2006,168 years after Emerson delivered his "Divinity School Address," Harvard DivinitySchool a nnounced the establishment of the Emerson Unitarian Universalist AssociationProfessorsh ip. Harvard has also named a building, Emerson Hall (1900), after him.Emerson Hill, a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Staten Island is named for his eldestbrother, Judge William Emerson, who resided there from 1837 to 1864.。
爱默生
Nature
Timeline
1844
The Dial
1882 Death
1867 Health began declining
Emerson’s works
1 2 3 4
Emerson’s works
Representative Men(1850)
The Conduct of Life(1860)
Ralph Waldo Emerson
拉尔夫 瓦尔多 爱默生
Thinker Essayist
In the United Confucius “美国的孔子” Stated
American The civilization Father
Transcendentalism 超验论
p 哲学家 h i l o 哲学家 s o SUCCESSFUL p h e r 哲学家
自然的热爱者，内向和 外向的感觉尚能和谐的 相应，他尚能在成年时 保有婴儿的心灵。
Nature
论自然 His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food. In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. 与天地的交汇成为必需， 就如每日的食物一样。 自然当前时，奔腾的喜 悦传便他全身，尽管可 能他正身处现实的苦境。 他是我的造物，抿灭他 无关紧要的悲伤，与我 同在他应欢悦，自然向 他如是说。
爱默生简介英文
爱默生简介英文拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生，美国思想家、文学家，诗人。
爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。
下面是为你整理的爱默生简介英文，希望对你有用!拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生简介Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 - April 27, 1882) was born in Boston. American thinker, writer, poet. Emerson is the representative of the American culture. Former US President Lincoln called him "American Confucius" and "Father of American Civilization". Published in 1836 debut "on nature". His contribution to literature is mainly in prose and poetry. 18 April 1882 died in Boston.拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生早年经历Emerson is a priestly family, and his father, William Emerson, is a well-known pastor. Emerson died six weeks before his eight-year-old birthday (1811), raising his adult by mother and aunt. He was sent to the Boston Latin School for the following year.In October 1817, when Emerson was 14 years old, he was enrolled at Harvard and was appointed as a new student, and this identity allowed him to get a free stay. In order to addmeager salary, during the winter vacation he will go to Ripley uncle in Massachusetts Vasheng City school counseling and teaching services. During the school, he read a large number of works of British romantic writers, enriched the idea, broaden the horizons.In 1821, after Emerson graduated from Harvard University, he assisted his brother in setting up a school for young women in his mother's house, after he set up his own school in Chelmsford Emerson 's brother went to Gedding to read the theology, and Emerson was in charge of the school. After a few years, Emerson lived the day as a principal, and then into the Harvard University Theological Seminary, and in 1829 to a pastor of the image of the image cut a striking figure.His first wife was Ellen Tucker, who died of tuberculosis on February 8, 1831, at the age of 20.In 1832, he was resigned with a church officer's dispute over the management of the communion service and the doubts about public prayer. After 1832, Emerson traveled to the European countries, met the pioneers of romanticism, and had accepted their transcendental ideas and had a great influence on the formation of his ideology.Between 1832 and 33 years, Emerson traveled to Europe, and the experience was recorded in the English Traits (1856). On the way he met William Walls, Coleridge, John Stewart Mill and Thomas Carlisle. After the end of the journey, Emerson and Carlisle continue to contact until Carlisle died in 1881, Emerson in the United States as the agent of Carlisle. Emerson's tourist destination is not limited to the United Kingdom, he also went to France (in 1848), Italy and the Middle East.Emerson returned to Boduten and carried out sermons in Concord. At this time his speech is closer to the Aristotelian style, important speech has "historical philosophy", "human culture", "the current era" and so on. Emerson often and his friends Thoreau, Hawthorne, Alco, Margaret and others held a small gathering to explore theological, philosophical and sociological issues. This gathering was known as the "transcendentalist club", Emerson also naturally become a transcendentalist leader.In 1835, Emerson bought a house in Concord, Massachusetts, and soon became one of the most important citizens in the city. Where he also married his second wife,Lydia Jackson. He called her the Lydia and she called him Mr. Emerson, both of whom gave birth to the children, Alan, Edith and Edward Emerson. Allen is named after his ex-wife, which is Lydia's suggestion.拉尔夫;沃尔多;爱默生文学生涯In September 1835, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental Club. Until July 1840, Emerson published his first essay in September 1836, Nature ". When the work becomes the basic principle of transcendence, many people immediately think that this is the Italian works.In 1837 Emerson published a famous speech on the theme of "American Scholar", proclaiming that American literature had been independent from British literature and warned American scholars not to let the study learn to spread, do not blindly follow tradition, imitate. In addition, this speech also criticized the American society of money worship, emphasizing the value of people. Known as the United States in the field of ideological and cultural "Declaration of Independence."One year later, Emerson criticized the only deity of Christianity in the Dean of the Theological Seminary, striving for the supreme human being, and advocating the intuition ofthe truth. "Believe in your own thoughts, and believe that what is right in your heart that is right for you is applicable to all ... ..." literary critics Lawrence Bull in the "Emerson Biography" said, Emerson and his doctrine, Is the most important secular religion in the United States.In 1838 he was invited to return to Harvard University Theological Seminary for the graduation ceremony. His comments immediately shocked the entire Protestant community, because he explained that when Jesus was a man, he was not God (at that time people would rather not hear such a speech). Thus, he was condemned as an atheist and poisoned the young man's mind, and faced with these criticisms he did not make any response or defense. In the following 40 years, he was no longer invited to the Harvard University speech, but in the mid-1880s, his position became a doctrine of the doctrine.ProceedingsIn 1840 Emerson was the editor of the "sundial" of the transcendentalist publication, further promoting transcendentalism. Later, he compiled his own speech into a book, which is the famous"Proceedings". The first episode of the Proceedings was published in 1841, including 12 papers such as "On Self-help", "On Spirit", "On Compensation", "On Love", "On Friendship". Three years later, the second episode of the Proceedings was also published. This book as Emerson won a great reputation, his mind is called the core of transcendentalism, he himself was known as the "American Renaissance leader" reputation.In early 1842, Emerson's eldest son of China because of suffering from scarlet fever and died. Emerson presented his grief in his two masterpieces: an elegy and his essay "Experience" (Experience). In the same year William James was born, Emerson agreed to be his godfather.Emerson became a famous speaker in New England and other countries outside the United States. When he can not attend some speeches as scheduled, Frederick Douglas will replace him. Emerson's speech has many different themes, many of his works are extracted from his speech.Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau are friends and often walk with them at Concord. Emerson inspired Thoreau's talent. Thoreau has alsobuilt a house in Walden, of Jackson County, Colorado. When Thoreau lives in Walden, Emerson offers food and hires Thoreau to finish some work. When Thoreau left Walden two years later, Emerson left because he wanted to travel, and Thoreau lived at Emerson's home.Their friendly relationship was broken by Thomson's first book, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, when Ruth gave rude advice. This book is not very extensive design, and Emerson took him to see their agents, which allows Thoreau to bear the cost of publishing this book and the risk. Readers of this book is not much, this thoreau began to bear the debt. Finally, the two of them reconcile some of the differences, but Thoreau in private still condemned Emerson gradually deviated from his initial outlook on life, and Emerson began to Thoreau as a weary person. Emerson gave a negative evaluation of Thoreau's rhetoric in the 19th century.Emerson is an abstract and esoteric writer, but his speech still has a lot of people to listen. Emerson's work is based on his diary's observation of things, and when he was still at Harvard, he had written diary habits, and those diaries were carefully indexed by Emerson. He writes his ownexperiences and ideas in his diary and brings out some meaningful messages and combines with his intensive and condensed lecture essence. Later, he revised and relented the content of the speech, so that his essay and some other works.He was a man who was regarded as one of the great performers at the time, and fascinated the audience with a low voice. He was very enthusiastic and treated with an equal attitude and valued the audience. His straightforward and uncompromising stance on the abolition of niggerism led him to object to and mock after talking about the subject. He continues to publish a radical abolition of the slaves but does not consider whether people like it. He tried to refrain from joining any open political movement or group, and was often eager to be independent, which reflected his individualist position. He often insisted not to advocate, to become a person alone on their own. In his later years, people wanted him to count the number of his writings, and he still said that his faith was "infinite individual".Emerson's early reading of the French essayist Montaigne's works, and by its great influence. He understood the personal style from these works and began to lower his trust in God. He never read Kant's work, but heread Coleridge's explanation of the German transcendentalist. This makes Emerson do not believe in the soul and God.influencesAfter Emerson died, he was buried in the Slippe Valley Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts. In May 2006, Emerson published the "Theological Seminary" after 168 years, Harvard University Theological Seminary announced the creation of UUA (Unitarian Universalist Association).Emerson's collection of many of the prose of "Collected Essays: First (1841) and Second (1844) Series" is considered one of the 100 masterpieces.Emerson's Proceedings praised the idea that people would trust themselves, and those who believed in themselves were representatives of all, because he perceived the universal truth. Emerson with a transcendentalist's tone, quietly narrated his view of the world, transcendentalism combined and penetrated the neo-Platonism and similar Calvin sectarian a serious moral and that can be in all natural In the discovery of God's love romantic optimismEmerson likes to speak, face the crowd to make him excited, he said he felt a great emotion in the call, his mainreputation and achievements established here. He became the leader of American transcendentalism through his own essays and speeches, and became the most important of the informal philosophers. His philosophical spirit is manifested in the remarkable view of logic and empiricism. He despises the exploration of pure theory and believes in nature, which embodies the laws of God and God.In addition to the Proceedings, Emerson's works include "Representatives", "British Characteristics", "Poems", "May Festival and Other Poems".Emerson 's prose writer, thinker, poet in one. His poetry, prose unique, pay attention to the ideological content and not too much emphasis on rhetoric gorgeous, writing like aphorism, philosophical easy to understand, persuasive, and a typical "Emerson style." Some people commented on his words: "Emerson seems to only write a sentence," his text reveals the temperament is difficult to describe: both full of autocratic and no doubt, but also has an open spirit of democracy; both aristocratic arrogance , More civilians of the direct; both clear and easy to understand, and often mixed with some kind of mysticism ... ... a person canbe inserted in an article so many alarm is really amazing, those worth it in the morning Why do you read the words always inspiring, the years are not for him to cover the dust, but against the background he was sparkling.Emerson's greatest achievement in the history of American culture and literature is that he insists on the establishment of an independent national culture and literature. He is against the sudden attack, follow the footsteps. He preached the spiritual independence of the New World. Emerson's thought in its famous "American philosopher" in the further development. Emerson asked the American thinkers to "know themselves", "observe the natural", search by others long, create a new culture of the new continent, write their own books, in order to achieve their own perfection at the same time, for human progress contribution. He asked the American philosopher to be an independent thinker, not someone else's thought.He pointed out that the book contains the wisdom of the past era, but can not step by step in the past, can not regulate the moment step. He asked scholars to become a universe, rather than being pulled out of their own orbit. Some of theideas are creative, some of the behavior is creative, and some of the rhetoric is creative, these are from the mind itself feel good and the United States and the natural emission of the. He warned that the genius of the past could be the enemy of today's genius, and that Shakespeare could "modernize" the original style of modernity. American scholars should look forward, the eyes long in front of the head, full of hope to write their own books, each era should write their own books.爱默生简介英文。
爱默生
Emerson’ major works【爱默生主要作品】
• Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Following this ground-breaking work, he gave a speech entitled "The American Scholar" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.(老奥利弗· 温德尔· 霍姆斯) considered to be America's ―Intellectual Declaration of Independence‖. (被誉为美国思想文化 领域的“独立宣言”)
Emerson’ influence 【爱默生的影响】
His essays remain among the linchpins of American thinking, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that have followed him. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man." Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of fellow Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.
爱默生的英文简介作文
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Emerson is a really great writer. He has a unique way of looking at the world. His words can touch people's hearts.Emerson's ideas are so profound. They make you think about life in a different way. He encourages people to be true to themselves.Many people love Emerson's works. They find inspiration and wisdom in them. His writing is powerful and lasting.Emerson's influence goes beyond his time. He is still widely read and studied today. People continue to be inspired by him.。
Emerson 爱默生简介
"The world is nothing. The person is all. In yourself is the law of all nature." Urged students to learn directly from life. He told them, “Life is our dictionary.” "Let mankind stand forevermore," he said, "as a temple returned to greatness by new love, new faith, new sight."
A day is a miniature of eternity.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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an American essayist, lecturer, and poet Transcendentalist
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The father of American civilization Confucius in the United States a champion of individualism
Emerson’s ideas
Self-trust and self-reliance. He think that to trust self is really to trust the voice of God speaking intuitively within us. The infinitude of man’s divine potentiality. He believes that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Nature as symbol of God. “Nature is the vehicle of thought.” “Particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual facts.”
爱默生的英文简介作文
爱默生的英文简介作文英文：Ralph Waldo Emerson is a well-known American essayist, poet, and philosopher who lived from 1803 to 1882. He was a leading figure in the Transcendentalist movement, which emphasized the importance of individualism, intuition, and spiritual unity with nature.Emerson's writing was highly influential in shaping American literature and thought. Some of his most famous essays include "Self-Reliance," "The American Scholar," and "Nature." In these works, he encouraged readers to trust their own instincts and ideas, rather than relying on tradition or authority. He also celebrated the beauty and power of nature, and argued that humans should strive to live in harmony with the natural world.Emerson's ideas continue to be studied and debated today, and his influence can be seen in the work of manycontemporary writers and thinkers. For example, the idea of "self-reliance" has become a popular concept in modernself-help literature, and many environmentalists and conservationists draw inspiration from Emerson's reverence for nature.中文：拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生是一位著名的美国散文家、诗人和哲学家，生于1803年，卒于1882年。
爱默生简介中英文对照
Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic; "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.―
爱默生
Waldo Emerson 爱默生
The sixth team production 第六小组制作
Emerson introduction【爱默生简介】
• Ralph Waldo Emerson（18031882），He was borned in Boston, He is a famous American prose writer， thinkers, astronomers and poet。 • Emerson is establishes the American culture is the representative figure of spirit. Former U.S. President Lincoln called him "the American Confucius", "the father of the American civilization". • 【爱默生是确立美国文化精神的 代表人物。 美国前总统林肯称他 为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明 之父”。】
The evaluation of Emerson【评价爱默生】
• Emerson prose writers, thinkers, set in a poet, his poetry, prose unique, pay attention to the ideological content and not too much attention to the magnificent words, style of writing is like a motto, philosophical easily understood, persuasive is strong, and have a typical "Emerson style".
爱默生—美国学者—中英译文
主席先生，先生们：在开始第二个文学年之际，我谨向你们致意。
我们过去的一周年是充满希望的，但也许是努力尚且不够的一年。
我们相聚不是为了如古西腊人那样，进行力量和技巧的较量，朗诵过往历史，悲剧或颂词，也不是为了像中世纪行吟诗人那样为爱情和诗歌而聚集，更不是如当代在英国和欧洲的都市里为科学的进步举行聚会。
目前为止，我们聚会的节日还仅仅是一个良好的象征，它象征着我们由于忙碌而无心于文字的人民中对文学之爱的延续。
就此而言，这个象征弥足珍贵，有如不能被损毁的人类本能。
也许这样的时代已经到来，我们的聚会就要也应该是另番模样。
在这样的时代里，这个大陆的沉睡的心智睁开惺松睡眼，它给这世界带来久已期盼的贡献，这贡献远胜于机械性的技巧的发明。
我们依赖于人的日子，我们心智向其他大陆智慧学习的学徒期，这一切就要结束了。
成百万簇拥着我们涌向生活的同胞，他们不可能永远的满足于食用异国智慧收获的陈粮。
全新的事件和行动正在发生，这一切需要被歌唱，它们也要歌唱自己。
有谁会怀疑，诗歌将会获得新生，并将引领一个新时代？就如天文学家所预言，在我们的天穹之顶的天琴大星将会成为恒艮千年的新北极星。
就是抱有这样的期望，我接受这个讲演题目－－不仅是在用词上，而是由于时代和我们组织的性质所决定的－－美国学者。
时光流转，我们又翻开它传记的新篇章。
让我们来探询，新的时代和事件，在它特质上和对它的期望里又添了什么光色。
有这样一个久远不可考的传说－－它有着我们意想不到的智慧。
起初，众神将一个人分为众人，使他可以更好的自助，如同要分出手指以便更好的使用手一样。
这古老的传说蕴涵着一个长新而高尚的信念。
这就是：有这么一个大写的人，你可以在某些个体的人或通过一种能力看到部分的他，但只有观照整个社会才能找到他的全部。
这个大写的人不是农夫，不是一个教授或着工程师，他是他们的总和。
这个人是传教士，他是学者，他是政治家，他是生产者也是战士。
这些功能在分工的社会形态里被一一分予不同的个体。
爱默生英文简介
爱默生英文简介Ralph Waldo Emerson, widely regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the 19th century, was born on May 25, 1803, in Boston, Massachusetts. He emerged as a prominent figure in the Transcendentalist movement, which emphasized the importance of individualism, self-reliance, and the power of nature.Throughout his life, Emerson wrote numerous essays, delivered countless lectures, and published several books that explored his unique philosophies and ideas. His works have had a profound impact on American literature and continue to inspire people around the world.Emerson's intellectual journey began at Harvard University, where he graduated in 1821. After completing his studies, he became a Unitarian minister and delivered sermons in various churches. However, he soon became disillusioned with organized religion and abandoned the pulpit. This marked a significant turning point in his life as he began to develop his own spiritual beliefs and philosophical ideas.In 1832, Emerson traveled to Europe, where he met influential thinkers such as Thomas Carlyle and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. These encounters expanded his intellectual horizons and exposed him to new ideas that would shape his own philosophy. Inspired by his experiences abroad, Emerson returned to the United States and embarked on a career as a writer and lecturer.One of Emerson's most famous works is his essay collection, "Nature," published in 1836. This groundbreaking work articulatedhis belief in the inherent goodness of both humans and nature and laid the foundation for Transcendentalism. Emerson argued that individuals should strive to live in harmony with nature and trust their own intuition rather than conforming to societal norms.Another seminal work by Emerson is "Self-Reliance," published in 1841. In this essay, he urged individuals to trust in their own abilities and to follow their own path, regardless of societal expectations. He emphasized the importance of non-conformity and independent thinking, stating, "To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment."Emerson's works not only explored philosophical ideas but also tackled social and political issues of his time. He was an outspoken critic of slavery and fervently supported the abolitionist movement. His lectures, such as "The Fugitive Slave Law," delivered in 1851, condemned the laws that supported the capture and return of escaped slaves.Emerson's impact extended beyond his writing and lectures. He was a mentor and friend to several important figures in American literature and politics, including Henry David Thoreau and Louisa May Alcott. Thoreau, in particular, was deeply influenced by Emerson and lived in a small cabin on Emerson's property in Concord, Massachusetts, where he wrote his seminal work, "Walden."Emerson continued to write and lecture until his death on April 27, 1882. His legacy as a philosopher, essayist, and poet continues toresonate today. His ideas on self-reliance, individualism, and the power of nature have been embraced by generations of readers seeking guidance and inspiration.In conclusion, Ralph Waldo Emerson was a pioneering figure in American literature and philosophy. His essays and lectures continue to be studied and celebrated for their insights into the human condition and their emphasis on the importance of self-discovery and personal growth. Emerson's works remind us to trust our own instincts, embrace our individuality, and seek enlightenment in the beauty of nature.Emerson's influence on American literature and philosophy cannot be overstated. His ideas, eloquently articulated in his essays and lectures, have shaped the way we think about individualism, nature, and the pursuit of truth.One of Emerson's key concepts is the idea of self-reliance. He believed that individuals should trust their own instincts and follow their own path, rather than conforming to societal expectations or relying on others for guidance. This idea resonated with many readers, especially those who valued personal freedom and independence.In "Self-Reliance," Emerson writes, "Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string." He urges individuals to have confidence in their own abilities and to resist the pressures to conform. He believed that true greatness comes from within, from following one's own unique passions and talents.Emerson's emphasis on self-reliance was not just a personal philosophy; it had profound implications for society as a whole. Hebelieved that a society made up of self-reliant individuals would be more just and equitable. In his essay "Politics," Emerson argues that true democracy can only exist when individuals have the freedom to think for themselves and make their own decisions.This emphasis on individualism and self-reliance also extended to Emerson's views on education. He believed that education should not be about memorizing facts and figures, but about nurturing a person's innate curiosity and guiding them to think critically and independently. In his famous essay "The American Scholar," Emerson calls for a new kind of education that focuses on developing the individual's own unique genius rather than conforming to established norms.Emerson's ideas on the importance of nature were also groundbreaking. He believed that spending time in nature could restore one's sense of peace and harmony, and that it held lessons and truths that could not be found elsewhere. In his essay "Nature," he writes, "The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood."Emerson saw nature as a powerful force that could connect individuals to something greater than themselves. He believed that in nature, we can find a reflection of our own inner selves and a source of spiritual insight. This idea had a profound impact on subsequent generations of writers and thinkers, including the Transcendentalists who followed in Emerson's footsteps. Emerson's ideas were not without their critics, however. Someargued that his emphasis on individualism and self-reliance could lead to selfishness and a lack of concern for the wider community. Others questioned his sometimes abstract and lofty language, suggesting that his ideas were not practical or applicable to everyday life.Despite these criticisms, Emerson's legacy endures. His writings continue to be studied and celebrated, and his ideas on self-reliance, individualism, and the power of nature still resonate with readers today. His work laid the foundation for a uniquely American philosophy that values personal freedom and the pursuit of truth.Emerson's influence extends beyond literature and philosophy. His ideas also had a significant impact on social and political movements of his time. As an outspoken critic of slavery, Emerson played a key role in shaping public opinion on the issue. His lectures and essays condemning slavery and supporting the abolitionist cause helped to mobilize support for the movement.Emerson's influence can also be seen in the works of his contemporaries and successors. Writers such as Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson were all influenced by Emerson's ideas and incorporated them into their own works. These writers shaped the course of American literature and helped to define what it means to be an American writer.In conclusion, Ralph Waldo Emerson's ideas continue to resonate with readers and thinkers today. His emphasis on self-reliance, individualism, and the power of nature has had a profound impact on American literature and philosophy. Emerson's writings remindus of the importance of trusting ourselves, embracing our own unique genius, and finding solace and inspiration in the beauty of the natural world. His legacy as a thinker and writer is one that will continue to inspire generations to come.。
1 爱默生介绍
第一次作业The Introductionof Emerson英教一班2012061141曹阳Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803—1882) is an outstanding thinker, writer, lecturer in the United States during the 19th century. His Transcendentalist Individualism was called the most important mundane religion and he was called the representative of the American transcendentalist movement. The former American President, Abraham Lincoln called him "Confucius" and the father of "American civilization". Emerson’s Individualism was formed under a certain economic, political and religious background. The thoughts about spirits, personal characters, and self-reliance had much influenced the religion, the culture, the society of America.Ralph Waldo Emerson affects the ideas of classics works and he forms his own philosophy. Actually his philosophy, his religious and cultural thoughts are deeply influenced by European Romanticism and Kant’s thought. The core of his thinking is “self-reliance” or “independence”—that is cultural national independence for the United States, literarily individual independence for writers and religious independence from the church. As far as literature is concerned, in a broad sense, Emerson places his emphasis on nationalism rather than colonialism, advocating the American literature: typical American content and American style.Emerson’s influences on American literature lead American Romanticism to a new phase, the phase of New England transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism.。
爱默生简介
It was his winter lecture tours, however, which first made Emerson famous among his contemporaries. These lectures received their final form in his series of Essays (1841; second series, 1844). The most notable among them are “The Over-Soul（论超灵）,” “Compensation（论补偿）,” and “Self-Reliance（依靠自我）.” （ From 1845-47) he delivered a series of lectures published as Representative Men（代表人物） (1850). After a second trip to England, in 1847, he gave another series of lectures later published as English Traits（英国人的特性） (1856). During the 1850s he became strongly interested in abolitionism（废奴运动) and was an active sympathizer with the North in the Civil War. His late lecture tours are contained in The Conduct of Life (1860) and Society and Solitude (1870). Though his last years were marked by a decline in his mental powers, his literary reputation rapidly continued to spread. Probably no writer has so profoundly(深刻地） influenced American thought as Emerson
爱默生简介英文
爱默生简介英文拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生，美国思想家、文学家，诗人。
爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。
下面是店铺为你整理的爱默生简介英文，希望对你有用!拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生简介Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 - April 27, 1882) was born in Boston. American thinker, writer, poet. Emerson is the representative of the American culture. Former US President Lincoln called him "American Confucius" and "Father of American Civilization". Published in 1836 debut "on nature". His contribution to literature is mainly in prose and poetry. 18 April 1882 died in Boston.拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生早年经历Emerson is a priestly family, and his father, William Emerson, is a well-known pastor. Emerson died six weeks before his eight-year-old birthday (1811), raising his adult by mother and aunt. He was sent to the Boston Latin School for the following year.In October 1817, when Emerson was 14 years old, he was enrolled at Harvard and was appointed as a new student, and this identity allowed him to get a free stay. In order to add meager salary, during the winter vacation he will go to Ripley uncle in Massachusetts Vasheng City school counseling and teaching services. During the school, he read a large number of works of British romantic writers, enriched the idea, broaden the horizons.In 1821, after Emerson graduated from Harvard University, he assisted his brother in setting up a school for young women in his mother's house, after he set up his own school in Chelmsford Emerson 's brother went to Gedding to read the theology, and Emerson was in charge of the school. After a fewyears, Emerson lived the day as a principal, and then into the Harvard University Theological Seminary, and in 1829 to a pastor of the image of the image cut a striking figure.His first wife was Ellen Tucker, who died of tuberculosis on February 8, 1831, at the age of 20.In 1832, he was resigned with a church officer's dispute over the management of the communion service and the doubts about public prayer. After 1832, Emerson traveled to the European countries, met the pioneers of romanticism, and had accepted their transcendental ideas and had a great influence on the formation of his ideology.Between 1832 and 33 years, Emerson traveled to Europe, and the experience was recorded in the English Traits (1856). On the way he met William Walls, Coleridge, John Stewart Mill and Thomas Carlisle. After the end of the journey, Emerson and Carlisle continue to contact until Carlisle died in 1881, Emerson in the United States as the agent of Carlisle. Emerson's tourist destination is not limited to the United Kingdom, he also went to France (in 1848), Italy and the Middle East.Emerson returned to Boduten and carried out sermons in Concord. At this time his speech is closer to the Aristotelian style, important speech has "historical philosophy", "human culture", "the current era" and so on. Emerson often and his friends Thoreau, Hawthorne, Alco, Margaret and others held a small gathering to explore theological, philosophical and sociological issues. This gathering was known as the "transcendentalist club", Emerson also naturally become a transcendentalist leader.In 1835, Emerson bought a house in Concord, Massachusetts, and soon became one of the most important citizens in the city. Where he also married his second wife, Lydia Jackson. He calledher the Lydia and she called him Mr. Emerson, both of whom gave birth to the children, Alan, Edith and Edward Emerson. Allen is named after his ex-wife, which is Lydia's suggestion.拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生文学生涯In September 1835, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental Club. Until July 1840, Emerson published his first essay in September 1836, Nature ". When the work becomes the basic principle of transcendence, many people immediately think that this is the Italian works.In 1837 Emerson published a famous speech on the theme of "American Scholar", proclaiming that American literature had been independent from British literature and warned American scholars not to let the study learn to spread, do not blindly follow tradition, imitate. In addition, this speech also criticized the American society of money worship, emphasizing the value of people. Known as the United States in the field of ideological and cultural "Declaration of Independence."One year later, Emerson criticized the only deity of Christianity in the Dean of the Theological Seminary, striving for the supreme human being, and advocating the intuition of the truth. "Believe in your own thoughts, and believe that what is right in your heart that is right for you is applicable to all ... ..." literary critics Lawrence Bull in the "Emerson Biography" said, Emerson and his doctrine, Is the most important secular religion in the United States.In 1838 he was invited to return to Harvard University Theological Seminary for the graduation ceremony. His comments immediately shocked the entire Protestant community, because he explained that when Jesus was a man, he was not God (at that time people would rather not hear such aspeech). Thus, he was condemned as an atheist and poisoned the young man's mind, and faced with these criticisms he did not make any response or defense. In the following 40 years, he was no longer invited to the Harvard University speech, but in the mid-1880s, his position became a doctrine of the doctrine.ProceedingsIn 1840 Emerson was the editor of the "sundial" of the transcendentalist publication, further promoting transcendentalism. Later, he compiled his own speech into a book, which is the famous "Proceedings". The first episode of the Proceedings was published in 1841, including 12 papers such as "On Self-help", "On Spirit", "On Compensation", "On Love", "On Friendship". Three years later, the second episode of the Proceedings was also published. This book as Emerson won a great reputation, his mind is called the core of transcendentalism, he himself was known as the "American Renaissance leader" reputation.In early 1842, Emerson's eldest son of China because of suffering from scarlet fever and died. Emerson presented his grief in his two masterpieces: an elegy and his essay "Experience" (Experience). In the same year William James was born, Emerson agreed to be his godfather.Emerson became a famous speaker in New England and other countries outside the United States. When he can not attend some speeches as scheduled, Frederick Douglas will replace him. Emerson's speech has many different themes, many of his works are extracted from his speech.Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau are friends and often walk with them at Concord. Emerson inspired Thoreau's talent. Thoreau has also built a housein Walden, of Jackson County, Colorado. When Thoreau lives in Walden, Emerson offers food and hires Thoreau to finish some work. When Thoreau left Walden two years later, Emerson left because he wanted to travel, and Thoreau lived at Emerson's home.Their friendly relationship was broken by Thomson's first book, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, when Ruth gave rude advice. This book is not very extensive design, and Emerson took him to see their agents, which allows Thoreau to bear the cost of publishing this book and the risk. Readers of this book is not much, this thoreau began to bear the debt. Finally, the two of them reconcile some of the differences, but Thoreau in private still condemned Emerson gradually deviated from his initial outlook on life, and Emerson began to Thoreau as a weary person. Emerson gave a negative evaluation of Thoreau's rhetoric in the 19th century.Emerson is an abstract and esoteric writer, but his speech still has a lot of people to listen. Emerson's work is based on his diary's observation of things, and when he was still at Harvard, he had written diary habits, and those diaries were carefully indexed by Emerson. He writes his own experiences and ideas in his diary and brings out some meaningful messages and combines with his intensive and condensed lecture essence. Later, he revised and relented the content of the speech, so that his essay and some other works.He was a man who was regarded as one of the great performers at the time, and fascinated the audience with a low voice. He was very enthusiastic and treated with an equal attitude and valued the audience. His straightforward and uncompromising stance on the abolition of niggerism led him toobject to and mock after talking about the subject. He continues to publish a radical abolition of the slaves but does not consider whether people like it. He tried to refrain from joining any open political movement or group, and was often eager to be independent, which reflected his individualist position. He often insisted not to advocate, to become a person alone on their own. In his later years, people wanted him to count the number of his writings, and he still said that his faith was "infinite individual".Emerson's early reading of the French essayist Montaigne's works, and by its great influence. He understood the personal style from these works and began to lower his trust in God. He never read Kant's work, but he read Coleridge's explanation of the German transcendentalist. This makes Emerson do not believe in the soul and God.influencesAfter Emerson died, he was buried in the Slippe Valley Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts. In May 2006, Emerson published the "Theological Seminary" after 168 years, Harvard University Theological Seminary announced the creation of UUA (Unitarian Universalist Association).Emerson's collection of many of the prose of "Collected Essays: First (1841) and Second (1844) Series" is considered one of the 100 masterpieces.Emerson's Proceedings praised the idea that people would trust themselves, and those who believed in themselves were representatives of all, because he perceived the universal truth. Emerson with a transcendentalist's tone, quietly narrated his view of the world, transcendentalism combined and penetrated the neo-Platonism and similar Calvin sectarian a serious moral and that can be in all natural In the discovery of God's love romanticoptimismEmerson likes to speak, face the crowd to make him excited, he said he felt a great emotion in the call, his main reputation and achievements established here. He became the leader of American transcendentalism through his own essays and speeches, and became the most important of the informal philosophers. His philosophical spirit is manifested in the remarkable view of logic and empiricism. He despises the exploration of pure theory and believes in nature, which embodies the laws of God and God.In addition to the Proceedings, Emerson's works include "Representatives", "British Characteristics", "Poems", "May Festival and Other Poems".Emerson 's prose writer, thinker, poet in one. His poetry, prose unique, pay attention to the ideological content and not too much emphasis on rhetoric gorgeous, writing like aphorism, philosophical easy to understand, persuasive, and a typical "Emerson style." Some people commented on his words: "Emerson seems to only write a sentence," his text reveals the temperament is difficult to describe: both full of autocratic and no doubt, but also has an open spirit of democracy; both aristocratic arrogance , More civilians of the direct; both clear and easy to understand, and often mixed with some kind of mysticism ... ... a person can be inserted in an article so many alarm is really amazing, those worth it in the morning Why do you read the words always inspiring, the years are not for him to cover the dust, but against the background he was sparkling.Emerson's greatest achievement in the history of American culture and literature is that he insists on the establishment of an independent national culture and literature. He is against thesudden attack, follow the footsteps. He preached the spiritual independence of the New World. Emerson's thought in its famous "American philosopher" in the further development. Emerson asked the American thinkers to "know themselves", "observe the natural", search by others long, create a new culture of the new continent, write their own books, in order to achieve their own perfection at the same time, for human progress contribution. He asked the American philosopher to be an independent thinker, not someone else's thought.He pointed out that the book contains the wisdom of the past era, but can not step by step in the past, can not regulate the moment step. He asked scholars to become a universe, rather than being pulled out of their own orbit. Some of the ideas are creative, some of the behavior is creative, and some of the rhetoric is creative, these are from the mind itself feel good and the United States and the natural emission of the. He warned that the genius of the past could be the enemy of today's genius, and that Shakespeare could "modernize" the original style of modernity. American scholars should look forward, the eyes long in front of the head, full of hope to write their own books, each era should write their own books.。
文学家爱默生的简介
文学家爱默生的简介爱默生，美国思想家、文学家，诗人。
爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。
下面是店铺搜集整理的文学家爱默生的简介，希望对你有帮助。
文学家爱默生的简介拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默森(Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882)美国散文作家、思想家、诗人。
1803年5月6日出生于马萨诸塞州波士顿附近的康考德村，1882年4月27日在波士顿逝世。
他的生命几乎横贯19世纪的美国，他出生时候的美国热闹却混沌，一些人意识到它代表着某种新力量的崛起，却无人能够清晰的表达出来。
它此时缺乏统一的政体，更没有相对一致的意识形态。
在他去世的时候美国不但因为南北战争而统一，而且它的个性却逐渐鲜明起来，除了物质力量引人注目，它的文化也正在竭力走出欧洲的阴影。
1837年爱默生以《美国学者》为题发表了一篇著名的演讲辞，宣告美国文学已脱离英国文学而独立，告诫美国学者不要让学究习气蔓延，不要盲目地追随传统，不要进行纯粹的摹仿。
另外这篇讲辞还抨击了美国社会的拜金主义，强调人的价值。
被誉为美国思想文化领域的“独立宣言”。
一年之后，爱默生在《神学院献辞》中批评了__唯一神教派死气沉沉的局面，竭力推崇人的至高无上，提倡靠直觉认识真理。
“相信你自己的思想，相信你内心深处认为对你合适的东西对一切人都适用……”文学批评家劳伦斯.布尔在《爱默生传》所说，爱默生与他的学说，是美国最重要的世俗宗教。
爱默生的文学生涯1835年9月，爱默生和其他志趣相投的知识分子创立了“超越俱乐部”，直到1840年7月，爱默生用化名出版了他在1836年9月创作的第一本小品文《论自然》(Nature)。
当作品成为超越论的基本原则时，很多人立即认为这是意大利的作品。
1838年他获邀回到哈佛大学神学院为毕业典礼致词。
他的评论立刻震惊整个新教徒的社会，因为他说明了当耶稣是一个人时，他并不是神(当时人们宁愿没有听到这样的言论)。
爱默生简介
爱默生简介姓名：爱默生性别：男出生年月：1803-1882年出生地：波士顿国籍：美国爱默生，r.w.(ralph waldo emerson 1803-1882)。
思想家、作家、诗人。
1803年5月25日生于波士顿一个牧师家庭。
1882年4月27日于马萨诸塞州康科德去世。
17岁毕业于哈佛学院。
1826年进入哈佛神学院学习，次年被获准讲道。
1828年成为波士顿第二教堂牧师，属于当时在新英格兰居优势的唯一神教派。
后因不赞成这一教派的某些教义，放弃神职，于1833年赴欧游历，拜访浪漫主义运动的先驱人物兰道尔、柯尔律治、华兹华斯等，与卡莱尔结为知交，并深受先验论的影响。
回国后于1836年出版《论自然》一书，这部书几乎包含了他所有重要的思想的胚芽。
1837年8月31日，爱默生在美国大学生联谊会上以《论美者》为题发表演讲，抨击美国社会中灵魂从属于金钱的拜金主义和资本主义劳动分工使人异化为物的现象，强调人的价值；提出学者的任务是自由而勇敢地从皮相中揭示真实，以鼓舞人、提高人、引导人；他号召发扬民族自尊心，反对一味追随外国的学说。
这一演讲轰动一时，对美国民族文化的兴起产生重大的影响，被霍尔姆斯誉为“我们的思想上的独立宣言”。
1838年7月15日，爱默生在剑桥的神学院发表题为《神学院致辞》的著名的演讲，遭到新英格兰加尔文教派、唯一种教派等势力的抗议和攻击。
爱默生的哲学思想中保持了唯一神教派强调人的价值的积极成分，又吸收了欧洲唯心主义先验论的思想，发展成为超验主义观点。
其基本出发点是反对权威，祟尚直觉；其核心是主张人能超越感觉和理性而直接认识真理。
这一观点有助于打破当时神学和外国的教条的束缚，建立民族文化，集中体现了时代精神，为美国政治上的民主主义和经济上资本主义的发展提供了理论根据。
自1836年开始，爱默生、阿尔科特、里普利等人在波士顿的康科德不定期地聚会讨论“神学与哲学的不良状况”，这可以说是超验主义运动的起点。
爱默生英文简介
The Inspiration from Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803—1882) is an outstanding thinker, writer, lecturer in the United States during the 19th century. His Transcendentalist Individualism was called the most important mundane religion and he was called the representative of the American transcendentalist movement. The former American President, Abraham Lincoln called him "Confucius" and the father of "American civilization". Emerson’s Individualism was formed under a certain economic, political and religious background. The thoughts about spirits, personal characters, and self-reliance had much influenced the religion, the culture, the society of America.Nature is written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American poet. The content in our book is just a part of his book. I have spent some time reading this article. To be honest, I cannot understand it at first. So I searched the internet to find the Chinese version of it and I also found some information about Emerson and his books. Because of the cultural differences, the process of seeing is not rather easy, but I still feel good. The works of the 19th century, it seems still has its value. His books cover widely and each one is so specific. His thoughts flashing a light and he gave people inspire and reflection. Hisarticle makes readers would like to read once more. There is something special in his books and also in him. I have got some inspiration from Emerson.First of all is the honesty. In his articles and books, we can find his thoughts about life, lives, and friendship. There is no more contrived, but rather a frank. We should have a sincere between contacting with each other. Because the premise of anything beauty is true. If everything is lie and deception, there will be no significance about the truth and goodness.The second one is the beyond. After reading his articles, I realized that the real beyond had some certain difficulties. It takes courage because there have been many eminent writer in front of him. The ordinary people do not have this willpower, but he did it. Emerson did not stay in someone else's time, but he did further development. I always think that a man, who wants to move forward, must have the courage not to follow someone else's thinking, but having one's own opinion. Each person's life is dominated by their own, no matter happy or sad. These are all dominated by force and belief. How to make themselves have the power to overcome the difficulties of the way forward, the key is not afraid to lose. However, this power does not come out of thin air, but keep on learning and thinking.The last but not the least is the innovation. Learning is a long process; we can also say it is endless. In this process, we need to think about and dream of some time. Sometimes I simply think that maybe innovation is from love. If there is no love, we will not be as keen to put some things to be perfect, the writer was due to the love of this writing, wrote the immortal works. The same is true of our work, it requires us to dig, discover new things and form the new ideas. Innovation is to bring our work out to compare with others. Competing with others, we find problems.In the process of research questions to find answers, to find a breakthrough to resolve the things that others cannot resolve. Thus, we would be ahead of others in the same boundary.The core of his thinking is “self-reliance” or “independence”—that is cultural national independence for the United States, literarily individual independence for writers and religious independence from the church. As far as literature is concerned, in a broad sense, Emerson places his emphasis on nationalism rather than colonialism, advocating the American literature: typical American content and American style. In a narrow sense, Emerson puts his stress on the individual instead of the group. He asserts that there is agreatness in everybody that needs only to be set free, so every American writer should trust himself, respect himself and write according to his own principles and in his own peculiar way.Emerson’s works deeply influence readers, especially Self-Reliance, which is from Essays. This prose is written according to a series of speech materials between 1836 and 1837. Self-Reliance is his important work which expresses his idea of transcendentalism. “Believe Yourself” is the centre point of Self-Reliance. Emerson opposes various forms of imitation in the works. He thinks the man should firmly believe that he is excellent at any time. If a man is afraid of public thought, he will possibly lose the innovative ability which is bad for his success.If a person doesn’t want to let him or the society down, he must obey the principles in his inner heart, while the people who comply with the tradition, authority or current system means break this principle. The opinions which Emerson expresses in his prose are completely different. At that time, they agree with the American people’s optimistic spirit. Above all, he believes in self-reliance. He reconstructs the common literature images in writing skill and endows the works with new opinions.Ralph Waldo Emerson affects the ideas of classics works and he forms his own philosophy. Actually his philosophy, his religious and cultural thoughts are deeply influenced by European Romanticism and Kant’s thought. The core of his thinking is “self-reliance” or “independence”—that is cultural national independence for the United States, literarily individual independence for writers and religious independence from the church. As far as literature is concerned, in a broad sense, Emerson places his emphasis on nationalism rather than colonialism, advocating the American literature: typical American content and American style. In a narrow sense, Emerson has laid his stress on the individual instead of the group. He asserts that there is a greatness in everybody that needs only to be set free, so every American writer should trust himself, respect himself and write according to his own principles and in his own peculiar way. Emerson’s ideas and the transcendental movement exert a great influence on the American intellectual world of his time and bring an unprecedented prosperity to it. Emerson’s influences on American literature lead American Romanticism to a new phase, the phase of New England transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism.（学习的目的是增长知识，提高能力，相信一分耕耘一分收获，努力就一定可以获得应有的回报）。
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Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic; "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.―
While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."
Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812 when he was nine.In October 1817, at 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president, requiring Emerson to fetch delinquent students and send messages to faculty. Midway through his junior year, Emerson began keeping a list of books he had read and started a journal in a series of notebooks that would be called "Wide World". He took outside jobs to cover his school expenses, including as a waiter for the Junior Commons and as an occasional teacher working with his uncle Samuel in Waltham, Massachusetts By his senior year, Emerson decided to go by his middle name, Waldo. Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18. He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek out warmer climates. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but found the weather was still too cold. He then went further south, to St. Augustine, Florida, where he took long walks on the beach, and began writing poetry. While in St. Augustine, he made the acquaintance of Prince Achille Murat. Murat, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, was only two years his senior; the two became extremely good friends and enjoyed one another's company. The two engaged in enlightening discussions on religion, society, philosophy, and government, and Emerson considered Murat an important figure in his intellectual education. While in St. Augustine, Emerson had his first experience of slavery. At one point, he attended a meeting of the Bible Society while there was a slave auction taking place in the yard outside. He wrote, "One ear therefore heard the glad tidings of great joy, whilst the other was regaled with 'Going, gentlemen, going'!"
Early life, family, and education
• Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803, son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister. He was named after his mother's brother Ralph and the father's great-grandmother Rebecca Waldo. Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons who survived into adulthood; the others were William, Edward, Robert Bulkeley, and Charles. Three other children— Phebe, John Clarke, and Mary Caroline–died in childhood. • The young Ralph Waldo Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday.Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson played an important role. Aunt Mary had a profound effect on Emerson. She lived with the family off and on, and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.
Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生简介
---------方涵琦
生平简介
• 拉尔夫· 沃尔多· 爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson， 1803年－1882年），生于波士顿。 美国思想家、 文学家，诗人。 爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代 表人物。 美国前总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、 “美国文明之父”。1803年5月6日出生于马萨诸 塞州波士顿附近的康考德村，1882年4月27日在 波士顿逝世。他的生命几乎横贯19世纪的美国， 他出生时候的美国热闹却混沌，一些人意识到它 代表着某种新力量的崛起，却无人能够清晰的表 达出来。
早年经历
• 爱默生出身牧师家庭，他的父亲是威廉· 爱默生是一位 知名的一位论派牧师。爱默生在即将过八岁的两周前父亲 过世（1811年），由母亲和姑母抚养他成人。隔年他被送 到了波士顿拉丁学校就读。在1817年10月爱默生14岁时， 他入读哈佛大学并且被任命为新生代表，这个身份让他获 得免费住宿的机会。为了增添微薄的薪水，寒假期间他会 到Ripley 伯父在马萨诸塞州瓦胜市的学校进行辅导及教学 事务。在校期间，他阅读了大量英国浪漫主义作家的作品， 丰富了思想，开阔了视野。1821年爱默生从哈佛大学毕业 后，他协助自己的兄弟在母亲的家中设立一所给年轻女性 就读的学校，这是在他于切尔姆斯福德设立自己的学校以 后的事；当爱默生的兄弟前往格丁根读神学时，爱默生负 责主持这所学校。之后数年，爱默生都过著担任校长的日 子，然后进了哈佛大学神学院，并于1829年以一位论派牧 师的形象崭露头角。