化合物构词法 化合物英文命名规则 PPT
专业英语课件 ——化合物英文命名
常见分子式及化学反应式的读法
字母部分均按字母名称读出；化学反应式中的符号→，读作yields 或forms ，意即生成： A) H 2O, [eit ʃ] [tu:] [əu] B) C 6H 12O 6 → 2C 2H 5OH + 2CO 2
C six H twelve O six yields two C two H five O H plus two C O two. C) NaOH → Na ++ OH -
N sub a O H yields N sub a positive plus O H negative.
D)
1、Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
2、1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
3、 Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
4、Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.
化合物英文命名规则PPT课件
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
Formula
KNO2 KNO3 RbSO3 RbSO4 CsClO CsClO2 CsClO3 CsClO4
Oxidation state of less electronegative atom
Name of salt
Sodium Natrium
K
potassium kalium
Sn
tin
stannum
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
4. A class of compounds in which such prefixes are seldom used is that in which the metal atom usually exhibits〔展现〕 only one oxidation state.
ClO2 chlorine dioxide
ClO3 chlorine trioxide
Cl2O7 di-chlorine heptoxide ClO4 chlorine tetroxide
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
• And “-ous〞, “-ic〞 were also used to denote〔表示〕 the lower and higher metallic state.
化合物的英文命名ppt课件
非金属氢化物
除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物 都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。
（1）对于卤族和氧族氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与 另一元素的二元化合物。
举例： HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride
Mn2+ Manganese(II)
8
对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用 罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic 表示高价。
如
FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide
Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide
2
S-block Element
IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium
IIA
Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra Radium
Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO4IO4MnO4-
杂环化合物英文命名ppt课件
举例：
N S
1H-azirine thiete
N
azete
O O
1,3-dioxole
O
oxirane
N
aziridine
S
thietane
N
azetidine
O 1,3-dioxolane
O
6
指示氢——由定位号加上大写字母H组成，置于环系之前以表示其饱和原子的位置
N
1H-Pyrrole
N
2H-Pyrrole
N S
2H-1,2-thiazine
9
对于多元环，母体部分一般总是取最大的含N环系，若无含N环系，则按P，O，S优先顺序进入 标题母体
ON
Furo[2,3-b]pyridine
O S
N N
Pyrido[2,3-g]quinoline
Thieno[3,2-b]furan
10
N O
1H-Furo[3,4-b]azepine
杂环化合物命名规则 五元环
O
Furan
S
Thiophene
N
Pyrrole
N S
Thiazole
1
六元环
N源自文库
Pyridine
O
Pyran
N N
Pyrimidine
2
稠杂环
完整版化合物英文命名规则
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名
（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）
1.Trivial Names俗名
H2O water不说dihydrogen oxide
NH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydride
CaO quicklime
CaCO3 limestone
2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名
1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素
ZnOzinc oxide
CaO calcium oxide
CO carbon oxide
Na2O2 sodium peroxide
H2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物
2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
3)Acid酸
Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorine
Oxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代
完整版化合物英文命名规则
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名
（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）
1.Trivial Names俗名
H2O water不说dihydrogen oxide
NH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydride
CaO quicklime
CaCO3 limestone
2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名
1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素
ZnOzinc oxide
CaO calcium oxide
CO carbon oxide
Na2O2 sodium peroxide
H2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物
2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
3)Acid酸
Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorine
Oxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代
化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名一精选 课件
C10H22 Decene C11H24 Undecene C12H26 Dodecene C13H28 Tridecene C14H30 Tetradecene
炔烃的命名 （Alkyne）
---yne（ Suffix）
IUPAC names： Ethyne propyne butyne~Icosyne
4-vinyl-1-hepten-5-yne
3-acetylenyl-1,5-hexadiene
3-vinyl-4-propyl-1,3-hexadien-5-yne
2单环化合物（Monocyclic compounds）的命名
命名规则：
环烷烃 cyclo + alkane cyclo + alkyl 环烯烃 cyclo + alkene cyclo + alkenyl 环炔烃 cyclo + alkyne cyclo + alkynyl cyclohexane
支链烃的命名
2,7,8-trimethyldecane 2,7,8-trimethyldecane C-C-(CH2)4-C-C-C-C not 3,4,9-trimethyldecane 3,4,9-trimethyldecane C CC Not
C-C-C-C-C-C Cl Cl Cl
专业英语课件整理——化合物英文命名
常见分子式及化学反应式的读法
字母部分均按字母名称读出；化学反应式中的符号→，读作yields 或forms ，意即生成： A) H 2O, [eit ʃ] [tu:] [əu] B) C 6H 12O 6 → 2C 2H 5OH + 2CO 2
C six H twelve O six yields two C two H five O H plus two C O two. C) NaOH → Na ++ OH -
N sub a O H yields N sub a positive plus O H negative.
D)
1、Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
2、1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
3、 Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
4、Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.
《化合物的英文命名》课件
04
Exercises and Answers
Exercises
• Name the following compounds using the IUPAC system
Exercises
NaHSO4 Ca (NO3) 2
Fe2 (SO4) 3
Exercises
NH4Cl Convert the following empirical formulas to the molecular formula
01
Introduction
Course Introduction
Course overview
This presentation provides an overview of the English nomenclature of compounds, including their classification, naming conventions, and practical applications
Nitro compounds
Nitro compounds have one or more nitro (- NO2) groups attached to an alkyl or aromatic ring They are named as "nitro" with the suffix "nitro"
(二)有机化合物的命名ppt课件
③ 含有双键或叁键的基团，可以为连有两个或三个一样的原子，例如以下 基团陈列顺序为：
CC H> C (C H 3)3 > C HC H 2 > C H (C H 3)2 > C H 2C H 3 > C H 3
(C )(C ) CCH (C )(C )
C H 3 CC H 3 C H 3
(C )(C ) CCH HH
*1 括号中的正字可以省略； *2 在英文命名时，正用n−，异用iso−或i−，新用neo，二级用词头sec−〔或s−〕， 三级用词头tert−〔或t−〕表示，后面有一短横线。
命名时，用什么方法来区分碳原子数一样但构造不同的烷基？普通命 名法经过词头来区分它们。词头正〔n〕表示该烷基是一条直链。异〔iso〕 表示链的端基有(CH3)2CH构造，而链的其它部位无支链。新表示链的端 基有(CH3)3CCH2的构造，而链的其它部位无支链。此外还可以用二级、 三级等词头来阐明失去氢原子的碳为二级碳和三级碳。显然烷基的普通命 名只适用于简单的烷基。
CH3(CH2)8CH3 〔正〕 癸 烷
CH3(CH2)9CH3 〔正〕 十一烷
CH3(CH2)10CH3 〔正〕 十二烷
CH3(CH2)11CH3 〔正〕 十三烷
CH3(CH2)12CH3 〔正〕 十四烷
CH3(CH2)13CH3 〔正〕 十五烷
有机化学课件有机化合物英文命名
• Suffix: ane yne
HC CCH2CH3 1-Butyne
2. When there is a choice, double bonds receive lower numbers than triple bonds.
• Alkenyne (烯炔)
HC CCH2CH CH2
CH3CH CH C CH1-penten-4-yne C CH
Ethyl
CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2
Pr
Propane
Propyl
CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2
Bu
Butane
Butyl
Alkyl groups
CH3 CH CH3
CH3 CH2 CH CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH3
H3C
CH3 C CH3
Name
Isopropyl
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
H
H
cis,cis –2,4-hexadiene (2Z,4E)-2,4-hexadiene
(2Z,4Z)-2,4-hexadiene cis,trans-
顺,顺-2,4-己二烯
顺,反-2,4-己二烯
(Z,Z)- 2,4-己二烯
(Z,E)-
6.2 Nomenclature of Benzene
有机物中英文命名规则课件-PPT
Beaker
Erlenmeyer (conical)
Flask
Three-Neck
Round-Bottom Flask
stopper
Round-Bottom Flasks
R educing A d ap ter
Allihn (ball)Condenser
Separatory Funnel
Liebig Condenser
有机物中英文命名规则
Some significant organic chemical terms
hydrocarbons; saturated hydrocarbon; unsaturated hydrocarbon; conjugate (conjugation);
（碳氢化合物，烃，饱和，不饱和，共轭）
正戊烷
新戊烷
异丁烷
Pentane 2,2-dimethylpropane 2-methylpropane
OH H3C C CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2NH2 CH3CH2CHNH2
tert-butanol isobutanamine sec-butanamine
叔丁醇
异丁胺
仲丁胺
2-methyl-2-propanol 2-methylpropanamine 1-methylpropanamine
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SnCl2 stannous chloride SnCl4 stannic chloride
HNO3 nitric acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
The element symbols not from English
ClO2 chlorine dioxide
ClO3 chlorine trioxide
Cl2O7 di-chlorine heptoxide ClO4 chlorine tetroxide
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
And “-ous”, “-ic” were also used to denote （表示） the lower and higher metallic state.
若化合物中仅有两种元素，习惯上先命名金属性强的元素，后命名金属性弱的 元素，再加上ide作为后缀
K potassium Na sodium Ca calcium Ba barium S sulfur H hydrogen Cl chlorine Br bromine O oxygen I iodine
当化合物中的金属元素仅有一种价态，通常很少 加前缀
ZnBr2 zinc bromide Na2O sodium oxide
CaH2 calcium hydride Al2S3 aluminum sulfide
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
5. Three elements present, such compounds are named by combining the suffix “-ate” with the name of the less electronegative of the two nonmetallic elements. And “-ite”, “-ate” are used to denote the lower and higher oxidation state of the same electronegative element.
Nomenclature of
compounds （化合物构词法）
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds （无机化合物构词法）
1. Trivial name （俗名）
H2O water
CaO quicklime （生石灰）
NH3 ammonia （复）ammonium（单） K2CO3 potash（草木灰）
symbol English Latin
Cu
copper cuprum
symbol English Latin
Au
gold aurum
Sb
autimony stibium
Fe
iron ferrum
Pb
lead
Plumbum Ag
Silver arrgentum
Hg
mercury hydrargyrum Na
CaCO3 limestone （石灰石）
Hg2Cl2 Calomel (甘汞)
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
2. If there are only two elements in the compounds（化合物）, it is customary （习惯上） to name the more metallic（金属性） element first and the less metallic, or more electronegative（电负性） element second, with the suffix（后缀） “ide”.
对于仅含两种元素、但多于两个原子的化合物，加 “mono-”, “di-”, “tri-”等前缀很有必要
(1)mono-, (2)di-, (3)tri-, (4)tetra-, (5)penta-, (6)hex-, (7)hept-, (8)octa-
Cl2O di-chlorine monoxide ClO chlorine monoxide
KCl potassium chloride NaBr sodium bromide BaS barium sulfide CaO calcium oxide HI hydrogen iodide
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
3. For compounds containing still only two elements but more than two atoms（原子）, the prefixes （前缀）“mono-”, “di-”, “tri-”, etc. become necessary.
含三种元素的化合物是通过在两种非金属元素中电负性较弱的一 种之后加后缀“-ate” 来命名的。对于电负性相同的元素，用 “-ite”表示低价元素，用“-ate” 表示高价元素
NaNO3 sodium nitrate NaNO2 sodium nitrite
用“-ous”表示低价化合物，用“-ic” 表示高价 化合物
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
CuI cuprous iodide
CuI2 cupric iodide
FeBr2 ferrous bromide
wenku.baidu.comFeBr3 ferric bromide
Sodium Natrium
K
potassium kalium
Sn
tin
stannum
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
4. A class of compounds in which such prefixes are seldom used is that in which the metal atom usually exhibits（展现） only one oxidation state.