自考英语词汇学 第九章(课堂PPT)

8
❖ True idioms – the meaning of the idiom cannot be deduced from those of the individual constituents. 真正的习语—语 义是不能从单独组成成分的意义中推导出来 的习语。
❖ Regular combination – the speaker of the regular collocations， the meaning of the idiom can be understood from the literal meaning of the constitute. 规则组合—其 意义能从组成成分的字面意义中得以解释。
❖ Strictly speaking， idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements. 严格来讲，习语是不能从 其个体成分的文字意思理 解其意义的，
❖Hale Waihona Puke First, the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced首先, 习语的组成部分成分不可 替换。
❖ Secondly, the word order cannot be inverted or changed.习语的语序不能倒装 或改变。
6
❖ Thirdly, the constituents of idioms cannot be deleted or added to， not even an article. 习语的组成成分不能删除或增加， 甚至一个冠词。
英语词汇学
Chapter 9 English Idioms
英语习语
1
Idiom 习语
❖ Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences， which are peculiar to the language in question and loaded with the native cultures and ideas. 习语由固定的短语 和短句组成，它们所讨论的语言所独有的，而且带 有本族的文化和观念。
❖ 9.1.1 Semantic unity 语义的整体性 ❖ Idioms each consist of more than one
word， but each is a semantic unity.习语 有一个以上的词组成，但其语义又是一个整 体。
3
❖ Though the various words which make up the idiom have their respective literal meanings， in the idiom they have lost their individual identity. 尽管组成习语的不同词有各自的字面意 义，但在习语中 他们已失去个体的身份。
❖ In a broad sense， idioms may include colloquialisms， catchphrases， slang expressions， proverbs，etc. 从广义上讲， 习语包括口语词、时髦语、俚语、谚语等。
2
9.1 Characteristics of idioms 习语的特点
9
❖ Semi-idioms – the meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constitute but are not themselves explicit. 半习语—其意义在某种程度上与组成成分的 意义相关联，但本身却不是很明确。
4
❖ The semantic unity of Idioms is also reflected in the is illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom . 习语的语 义整体性也可体现在每个词的字面意义和习 语的意义之间不合逻辑的关系中。
❖ Their meanings are not often recognizable in the meaning of the whole idiom. The part of speech of each element in no longer important. Quite often the idiom functions as one word. 他们的意义在整个习语的意义中经常是无法识别的。 同样，每一成分的词性不再 重要。这条习语通常用 作一个词。
❖ Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. 很多习语在语法上是不可 分析的 。
7
❖ The idomaticity of idioms is gradable and may best be thought in terms of scale， with the“true”idioms established at the upper end and regular combinations at the bottom. 习语的习语性是分等级的，而且可能最好从 等级上来研究。“真正的习语位于顶端，规 则的组合处于末端。
❖ Many idioms are semantically inexplicable. 许多习语在语义上是无法解释的。
5
9.1.2 Structural Stability结构的稳定性
❖ The structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable. 一个习语的结构在 很大程度上是不可改变的。