广州市生活垃圾典型重金属污染及生态风险评价

第6卷 第2期 新 能 源 进 展

Vol. 6 No. 2

2018年4月

ADVANCES IN NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Apr. 2018

* 收稿日期：2018-01-25 修订日期：2018-03-09

基金项目：广东省科技计划项目（2014A080802009）；广东省博士科研启动基金项目 † 通信作者：唐志华，E-mail ：tangzh@

文章编号：2095-560X （2018）02-0130-10

广州市生活垃圾典型重金属污染及生态风险评价*

唐志华1†，呼和涛力2，熊祖鸿1，郭华芳1，陈 勇1,2，房科靖1

（1. 中国科学院广州能源研究所，广州 510640；2. 常州大学，江苏 常州 213164）

摘 要：以广州市的生活垃圾为研究对象，分析了22个生活垃圾样品的干基组分及典型重金属Hg 、Cd 、Pb 、Cr

的含量，采用污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法进行了污染状况与潜在生态风险评价，并用皮尔森相关分析探讨了生活垃圾中Hg 、Cd 、Pb 、Cr 的可能来源。结果表明：（1）广州市生活垃圾中Hg 、Cd 、Pb 和Cr 浓度的平均值分别为0.435 mg/kg 、1.487 mg/kg 、71.865 mg/kg 和136.088 mg/kg ；Cd 的污染最严重，Hg 次之，Pb 和Cr 的污染程度较低，点位超标率分别为40.9%、22.7%、4.5%和18.1%；大部分生活垃圾样品出现了多金属复合污染，点位超标率为63.6%。（2）Cd 的潜在生态风险最高，Hg 次之，Pb 和Cr 无潜在生态风险；重金属污染物综合潜在生态风险指数的点位超标率为45.5%，部分样品出现高的潜在生态风险；（3）Cd 和Pb 可能主要来源于生活垃圾中的金属成份；Hg 和Cr 可能分别主要来源于生活垃圾中的白塑料成分和纸类成分。 关键词：生活垃圾；重金属；污染评价；生态风险；广州 中图分类号：TK01+9；X171 文献标志码：A doi ：10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2018.02.007

Typical Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment for

Guangzhou Municipal Solid Waste

TANG Zhi-hua 1, HUHE Tao-li 2, XIONG Zu-hong 1, GUO Hua-fang 1,

CHEN Yong 1,2, FANG Ke-jing 1

(1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;

2. Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract: Typical heavy metal contents (Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr) of 22 dry basis samples were analyzed by taking Guangzhou municipal solid waste (MSW) for research object. Methods of pollution index and potential ecological risk index were employed to evaluate the heavy metal pollution levels and potential ecological risk. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to discuss the possible sources of Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr in the MSW. Research results indicated that: (1) the average concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr in Guangzhou MSW were 0.435 mg/kg, 1.487 mg/kg, 71.865 mg/kg and 136.088 mg/kg, respectively. The pollution level of Cd was highest, and followed by Hg, Pb and Cr pollution were not obvious. Result of single contamination index showed that there were 40.9%, 22.7%, 4.5% and 18.1% samples exceeded the pollution grade standard of Cd, Hg, Pb and Cr, respectively. Most of samples suffered multi-metals compound contamination, and the over standard rate of comprehensive contamination index was 63.6%. (2) The risk level of Cd was highest, and followed by Hg, while Pb and Cr had no potential ecological risks; the over standard rate of potential ecological risk indices of heavy metal pollutants was 45.5%, and risk indices for some samples have reached the grade of high potential ecological risk. (3) Contents of Cd and Pb in MSW were possibly mainly from metal components. Contents of Hg and Cr in MSW probably mainly derived from white plastic and paper ingredients, respectively. Key words: MSW; heavy metal; pollution evaluation; ecological risk; Guangzhou

0 引 言

生活垃圾来源于人类活动，是人们在日常生活中或者为日常生活提供服务的活动中产生的固体废物，主要包括居民生活垃圾、集市贸易与商业垃圾、公共场所垃圾、街道清扫垃圾及企事业单位垃圾等[1]。生活垃圾的重金属含量与特征是影响垃圾处理工艺的一个极为重要的指标，生活垃圾的填埋、焚烧发