江苏专版牛津译林九年级上册 Unit 4 知识点总结

9A Unit4 Language items 1
1.What's on your mind,Eddie? 你在想什么呢，埃迪?
解析：on one's rmind意为“挂在心上；惦念”，其中的mind是可数名词，意为“头脑，思想”。

例：He is very worried these days. He's got a lot on his mind.
这几天他很担心。

他烦心事很多。

Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不想make up one’s mind to do sth=decide to do sth 决定去做.... change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
拓展：mind v. 意为“关心，照顾；介意；在乎；反对”，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。

mind doing sth 介意做某事Never mind 没关系（道歉）Mind your head. 当心你的头。

--Would you mind opening the window?
--You’d better not. I’ve got a cold.
注意：如回答Yes, 就是介意。

如不介意：Of course not. 当然不介意
You’d better not 最好不要
2.Growing up is hard! 成长真难啊!
解析：该句是动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：Playing computer games is great fun.玩电脑游戏很有趣。

3.You' ve been happy since I first met you.
自从我第一次见到你，你就一直很快乐。

解析：first做副词，意为“第一；首先，起初”。

例：First I'l1 call your narmes. 首先我来点名。

辨析：first，at first，firstly
(1)first和at first都可表示“起初，开始的时候”，first多用在句中，而at first常用在句首或句末；first还可意为“第一”。

(2)firstly通常仅限于列举事例、排列顺序，这时可用first替换。

解析：since 作连词用，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时
例：Where have you been since I last saw you? 自从上次见你之后你到哪里去了？拓展：since 还可译为“既然；由于；因为”，表示已知的，显然的理由，较正式，多位于句首。

例：Since we are all here ,let’s start our lesson.
4.Don't wake me up until you finish building it.
直到你建完它再叫醒我。

解析：wake up意为“叫醒，醒来”，是“动词+副词”型短语，如果意为“叫醒”时，代词做宾语,应置于wake和up之间；如果是名词做宾语，既可置于wake 与up之间，也可置于up之后。

例：Please wake him up before 8 o'clock. 请在八点钟之前叫醒他。

Please wake（Lucy）up/ Lucy at seven. 请在七点叫醒露西。

I usually wake up at half past five every morning. 我通常早上五点半醒。

解析：not… until…否定形式肯定含义，意为“直到…才…”此句为祈使句+ 一
般现在时（主将从现）如为一般过去时，则前后时态要一致。

例：He didn’t go to bed until he finished doing all his homework last night.
他昨晚家作全部完成后才上床睡觉。

5.Books allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to.
书让我了解不同时期和地点的人们，而且无论什么时候我想读书都能读。

解析：1、time是可数名词，意为“时期，时代”，常用复数形式，in different times 在不同的时期。

例：Here are some cars in different times in Germany.
这里是一些德国不同时期的汽车。

拓展：time n.时间(不可数名词)；次数(可数名词)；倍数(可数名词)。

例：I have no time to chat with you now. 我现在没时间和你谈。

How many times have you read the text? 这篇课文你读了几遍了?
2、whenever 是连词，意为“无论何时”。

例：Come and visit me whenever you want.
你想什么时候来看我就来吧。

拓展：wherever无论何地, whoever 无论谁，however 然而
6.I like to learn about the world through the Internet.
我喜欢通过因特网来了解世界。

解析：through是介词，意为“以，凭借”，表示做某事的方式。

相当于by.
例：I heard about it through a friend.
我是通过一个朋友听说此事的。

一言辨异：
We were walking through the forest while they were swimming across the river.
我们穿过森林的时候，他们正游过河。

7.As soon as you click the mouse, there's a great deal of information.
你一点击鼠标，就会有大量的信息。

解析：as soon as意为“一...就”，常用来引导时间状语从句。

例：I'l1 call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。

注意：在as soon as，when，after，before，until等引导的时间状语从句中，应用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作，主句用一般将来时（即主将从现）。

解析：a great deal of 意为“许多，大量”，相当于“a lot of 、lots of、much”,专用于修饰不可数名词。

例：Don’t worry, there is a great deal of time for you.
不要着急，有大量的时间给你的。

9A Unit4 Language items 2
8.He was very small --- much smaller than the other kids at school.
他很矮小---比学校里的其他孩子要矮不少。

解析：much用于比较级之前,意为“......得多”。

例：He is much taller than me. 他比我高得多。

拓展：比较级前的修饰语：1.a little/a bit 一点儿，稍微
2. much，a lot，far ....得多
3. even，still 更....
例：Tom is a little/bit taller than Peter. 汤姆比彼得稍微高点儿。

In winter，the weather in Hainan is much/ far warmer than that in Beijing.
在冬季，海南的天气比北京暖和得多。

解析：the other kids=any other kid (在同一个比较范围内)，如比较对象不在同一氛围里，则不需加other。

例：Shanghai is much larger than any city /all the cities in Japan. 上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大得多。

9.While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.
上初中时，斯巴德参加了校队的选拔。

解析：while 后跟现在分词结构可以改为while +时间状语从句（while he was attending junior high,）; try out for“参加…选拔”
10.But he was refused to play at first because he was too small.
但是起初因为他的个子太小，他被拒绝打球。

（because引导的原因状语从句）11.He did not lose heart. 他没有灰心。

解析：lose意为“失去，丢失”，lose heart意为“失去信心，灰心，泄气”。

例：He has failed in the exams recently and he seems to lose heart.
最近他考试失利，他似乎要泄气了。

固定搭配：lose one's way 迷路；lose oneself in/be lost in 陶醉于，埋头于；
lose interest in；对.....失去兴趣；lose one's life 失去生命；lose one's voice 失声，嗓子哑；lose face 丢面子；lo se one’s job失业
12.When he finally got the chance，he scored 20 points in his first game.
当他最后得到机会时,他在首场比赛中就得了20分。

解析：finally是副词，意为“最后，终于”，相当于in the end。

例：Finally, she left the classroom without telling anyone.
最后，她没有告诉任何人就离开了教室。

拓展：final adj. 最后的，最终的。

例：This is a final result. 这是最后的结果。

13. In senior high, Spud often had to sit in the stands because of his height.
在高中，斯巴德经常因为身高问题不得不坐在看台上。

解析：--- because of 意为“因为，由于”，其后可接名词、代词或动词
-ing 形式。

例：I was late for school because of the bad weather.= I was late for school because the weather was bad. 由于天气恶劣，我上学迟到了。

注意：because of 之后不可接从句，应用because 引导原因状语从句。

--- height 是名词，意为“高，高度”。

例：What is your height? = How tall are you? 你多高?
拓展：tall adj.高的；high adj. & adv. 高的；高地。

一言辨异：A tall man is standing on the high wall.
一个高个子男人正站在高高的墙上。

14. Spud went on to become leader of the team. 斯巴德接着成为了队长。

解析：1，go on to do sth 意为“接着做另一件事”。

例：He fnished his homework and went on to watch TV .
他完成了作业，接着看电视。

辨析：go on to do sth ，go on doing sth ，go on with sth
(1) go on to do sth 意为“接着做某事，强调一件事做完后，接着做另一件事。

” 例：He stopped to have a look ，and then went to read his book.
他停下来看了看，然后接着看他的书。

(2) go on doing sth 与go on with sth 的含义相似，意为“继续做某事”，指一直不停地做同样一件事，with 后接的是要做的事本身。

例：He went on doing his homework.
= He went on with his homework. 他继续做作业。

2，leader 是可数名词，意为“领导者”。

例：His air of confidence makes him a natural leader.
他那自信的神态显得他天生就是一个领导人。

拓展：lead vt. 领导，带领；n.领先地位，榜样；角色。

例：She took her son by the hand to lead him into the house.
她拉着她儿子的手带领他进了那所房子。

固定搭配：
lead a...life 过着…的生活；lead sb to/into…引领/带领某人；lead sb to do sth引导某人做某事；lead to导致，导向，引起；take the lead 处于领先地位(p8)；play the lead role 扮演主角（p94）
15.There he led his team to the national championship.
在那里，他带领他的球队打入国家锦标赛。

lead (led, led)…to…
16.As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship.
结果他成功地获得了奖学金。

解析：succeed（vi.）成功succeed in doing sth=do sth. successfully 成功做某事.... success（n.）成功（不可数）；成功的人/事（可数）what a big / great success 多么成功的事successful （adj.）成功的（形容词修饰名词）successfully （adv.）成功地（副词修饰动词）
17.Although he was a great player at university, the NBA was not interested in him because all its players were more than 20 cm taller than he was.
尽管他在大学是一位优秀球员，但是NBA对他不感兴趣，因为所有的NBA球员都比他高超过20厘米。

解析：although是连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，是从属连词，相当于though，常用来引导让步状语从句。

例：Although he is not rich，he is very happy. 尽管他不富裕，但他很快乐。

注意：汉语中习惯成对地使用“虽然....但是....”，但在英语中，一个句子只能用一个连词连接主从复合句，所以，用了although/though就不能再用but，两者只能用其一。

另外，although/though可以与yet连用，以加强语气。

类似这种用法的还有because(因为)和so(所以)，它们也不可同时用于一个句子中。

例：Although Mr Green was very tired，(yet) he went on working.= Mr Green was very tired, but he went on working. 虽然格林先生很累了，但他仍然继续工作。

18.After he graduated，he was forced to play in another basketball league.
在他毕业后，他被迫去另一个篮球联赛打球。

解析：force是及物动词，意为“强迫，迫使”。

force sb. to do sth/sb. be forced to do sth.迫使某人做某事
例：They forced us to work there. 他们强迫我们在那里劳动。

拓展：force( n.)力量，武力、势力，是不可数名词；by force意为“以武力”。

例：They took the young man by force. 他们以武力带走了那个年轻人。

固定搭配：by force of 用...的手段；come into force开始生效，开始实行。

19.He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.
他在那里呆了大概一年，NBA才注意到他。

解析：remain 相当于stay , 当其意为“保持不变”时应作连系动词用。

例：How can you remain so slim for so many years?
你这么多年仍然保持如此苗条怎么做到的？
解析：notice （n./v.）注意；通知例：notice a notice 注意到一个通知
take notice of 强调所觉察到的结果，pay attention to 强调有意识地去“注意”
20.He had many great achievements, but his proudest moment came in
1986---he won the Slam Dunk Contest.
他取得过许多伟大的成绩，但是最让他自豪的那一刻是在1986年---他在灌篮比赛中获胜了。

解析：achievement是可数名词，意为“成就，功绩”。

例：The scientist is famous for his scientific achievements.
这位科学家以他的科学成就而著名。

拓展：achieve( vt.) 获得;完成;取得。

例：He will do anything in order to achieve his aim.
为了实现他的目标，他将做任何事情。

21.Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type do not matter—you can do almost anything if you never give up. 通过努力，斯巴德·韦伯证明高矮胖瘦不重要-----只要永不放弃，几乎没有你做不到的。

解析：hard work adj. + n. 艰苦的工作;work hard v.+ adv. 努力工作
matter（vi.）要紧；有重大影响It doesn’t matter. 不要紧Sometimes money matters a lot to everyone.有时钱对大家来说非常要紧。

matter (不可数名词）物质matter（可数名词）事态；情况；局面
What’s the matter（with…）? 出什么事了？（常用单数）
9A Unit4 Language items 3
22.After I practised playing basketball for hours, I felt tired out.
在我连续练了数小时篮球后，我感到筋疲力尽。

解析：practise/practice doing sth.操练… tired out 筋疲力尽( tried out for参加…选拔)
例：Tom was very tired out after he tried out for the school football team. 23.I have been crazy about playing basketball since I was a little boy.
我自小就对打篮球着迷。

解析：be crazy about doing sth. 痴迷… a little boy 一个小男孩little（adj.）小的；少的
例：Look, a little sheep is eating a little grass on the hill. 看，一只小羊正在山上吃着草。

24.It is the first time we have played basketball since Monday.
这是我们自周一以来第一次打篮球。

解析：这是一个强调句式,“It is+被强调内容…”
例：It is you who shape your life and your future.
你的生活和未来都掌握在你的手中。

25.He didn’t become serious about basketball till he was 12.
他到12岁才对篮球认真。

解析：be/become serious about 对…认真serious 也可译为“严重的”
adv. seriously
例：Don’t worry , this isn’t a serious problem. Is he seriously ill?
26.The best moment in his career was in 2004 --- he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.
他职业生涯中最好的时刻是在2004年---在和亚特兰大鹰队的一场比赛中他得了41分。

解析：against是介词，意为“反对，对抗，与...相反，违反，倚着、靠着”，如后与动词连用应v.+ing。

例：I am against your plan. 我反对你的计划。

She stood close against the wall. 她紧挨着墙站着。

I’m against taking any action till the police arrive.
在警察到之前我反对采取任何行动。

固定搭配：be against反对（be for 赞成）；against a rainy day未雨绸缪，以防不测。

27.When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China whenever he was needed.
当姚明住在美国时，无论他何时被需要，他都会回国。

解析：returm是不及物动词，意为“回到，返回”，相当于go/come back。

表示“回到某处”时，要用“return to+地点名词或短语”，表示“从某处回来”时，要用“return from+地点名词或短语”。

例：When he returned from Shenzhen，he brought lots of CDs.
他从深圳回来时，带回了许多光盘。

拓展：(1) return vt. 归还，退还，相当于give back.
例：We should return the books to the library on time.
我们应该按时把书归还给图书馆。

28.After he ended his basketball career, Yao has done more charity work, especially for poor Chinese teenagers.
在他结束了篮球生涯后，姚明做了更多的慈善工作，尤其是为贫困的中国青少年。

解析：special adj. 特别的，especially adv. 特别，尤其，specially adv. 专门地，特地
例：We all think he is a special man. 我们都认为他是一个特别的人。

---Do you like sweet things? 你喜欢甜食吗?---Not especially. 不是特别喜欢。

I made this cake specially for your birthday.我这蛋糕是专门为你生日做的。

9A Unit4 Language items 4
29.World War II broke out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1945.
第二次世界大战1939 年在欧洲爆发，在1945年结束。

解析：break out意为“(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发”。

例：The big fire broke out last night. 昨晚突然发生大火。

固定搭配：break down (机器、车辆等)坏了，(身体)垮了，(计划、谈判)失败break into 强行闯入break one's heart 使某人伤心break the law /promise 违反法律/诺言；have/ take a break休息；break time休息时间
30.Life changed for everybody, including women and children because of the war. 因为这场战争，每个人的生活都改变了，包括妇女和儿童。

解析：including是介词，意为“包括，包含”。

在句中引导介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。

一般情况下,其前都有一个逗号将其与前面的主要成分隔开。

例：Thirteen people were hurt in the accident, including five children.
在这场事故中有13人受伤:其中包括5名儿童。

拓展：include vt. 包括，包含；强调“包括作为整体的一部分”的含义。

例：The name list included her name. 这份名单上有她的名字。

Our English book includes 8 units. 我们英语书有8个单元。

31.The Diary of a Young Girl was written by a girl named Anne Frank.
《安妮日记》是一个叫安妮·弗兰克的女孩写的。

解析：该句是被动句（was written）,named Anne Frank 是过去分词短语作后置定语
例：The songs sung by Jackie Zhou are popular among young people.
周杰伦唱的歌在年轻人当中很受欢迎。

32.It was a record of that time, and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit.
它是那个时代的记录，它也成为人类精神胜利的一个象征。

解析：此句中time意为“时代”，record 为n.,也可用作v. 意为“记录，录制，录音/像”。

例：What you said will be recorded clearly.
你所说的将被清晰地录下来。

33.Anne and her elder sister died of illness.
安妮和她的姐姐死于疾病
解析：die是不及物动词，意为“死，死亡”，它是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用。

如用，得改用be dead
例：My grandmother died in 1998. 我奶奶在1998年去世了。

My grandmother has been dead since 1998.
拓展：die的现在分词形式是dying，形容词形式是dead，名词形式是death. 例：The patient is dying. 这个病人快死了。

A dead man can never come back to life. 人死不能复生。

He was happy to the day of his death. 一直到死他都很幸福。

辨析：die from，die of
(1)die of常指由于疾病、情感、饥饿或年老等原因而造成的死亡。

例：The old woman died of sadness soon after her husband's death.
那位老妇人在丈夫去世后不久就因悲伤而死。

(2)die from一般指除疾病或感情以外的原因，如事故、饮食等外部因素引起的死亡。

例：He died from a traffic accident. 他死于一起交通事故。

34.her father had her diary published
她的父亲出版了她的日记
解析：have sth done意为“让某事被.....；某物遭受......”，其结构为：“have+宾语+动词的过去分词”。

例：When are you going to have your hair cut? 你打算什么时候理发?（过去分词）比较：have sb. do sth 相当于let/make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
例：I’m gong to have Uncle Wang cut my hair. 我将让王叔叔帮我理发。

（动词原形）35.During that difficult time, Anne kept writing in her diary until they were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944.
在那段艰苦的岁月里，安妮坚持写日记直到1944年8月他们被纳粹分子发现。

解析：keep （on）doing sth意为“不停地做某事”。

例：He kept nodding when he listened to me. 他听我说的时候，不断地点头。

固定搭配：keep sth保存/保管某物（借）；keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事keep sb/sth + adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态；keep sth from sb瞒着某人某事；keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，keep off /keep…away from 远离，不接近
例：When you do eye exercises，you must keep your eyes closed.
当你做眼保健操时，你必须闭着眼睛。

You are keeping something from us, aren’t you?
你有什么事瞒着我们，是吧?
Keep off the grass, children! 孩子们，勿踏草坪！
36.I admire these children for their courage. 我钦佩这些孩子的勇气。

解析：admire sb./sth. For意为“因…钦佩…”courage意为“勇气，胆量”，是不可数名词，have courage to do sth有勇气去做某事
例：You should take courage. 你应该鼓起勇气。

拓展：encourage vt. 鼓励。

encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事。

37.It’s a pity that they couldn’t enjoy a happy life just as we do.
可惜的是他们不能和我们一样享受幸福的生活。

解析：It’s a pity that+从句“可惜/令人遗憾的是…”，类似句型的还有“It is said that…据说…；It is reported that…据报道…；It seems that…好像/似乎…”例: It is said that this novel was written by an 8-year-old boy.
据说这部小说是一个八岁男孩写的.
38.Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.
虽然我们生活在和平当中，但是世界上其他地区的一些孩子仍为他们的生命安全而担忧。

解析：此句中in peace, in fear of为介词+名词短语，类似的还有：in need, in trouble, in danger, to one’s surprise, be of help/value to…,with one’s help
9A Unit4 Language items 5
39.the person who has influenced me most 对我影响最深的人
解析：who has influenced me most 是定语从句修饰the person 后置，翻译为中文时则常常提前。

例：The man who is talking to your father is my uncle.
在和你爸爸说话的那个男的是我叔叔
40.My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸五十多岁。

解析：“in one's +数词复数”意为“某人处于某个年龄段”，如in one's twenties，意为“某人二十多岁”。

例：The old man was very famous in his thirties.
这位老人在他三十多岁时就很有名。

拓展：“in the+数词复数”意为“在某个年代”，如in the nineties，意为“在90年代”, in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代（读作in the nineteen eighties）。

41.You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more.
直到你了解更多，你才会发现他的不同寻常之处。

解析：unusual是形容词，意为“不寻常的，异常的”，修饰不定代词时位于其后；not… until…，主将从现
例：That's an unusual day for him. 对他来说那是个不寻常的日子。

拓展：usual adj. 通常的，平常的；usually adv. 通常。

固定搭配：as usual像往常一样，照例。

例：I go to school by bike as usual. 我像往常一样骑车去上学。

42.To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.
让我惊讶的是，他已决定死后捐献遗体供医学研究。

解析：surprise 在这里是不可数名词，意为“惊奇，诧异”。

例：He looked up in surprise. 他惊奇地抬头看了一下。

拓展：1、surprise vt. 使感到惊讶,使惊奇；surprised adj.感到惊奇的，感到震惊的；surprising adj.令人惊讶的，使人惊讶的。

例：I surprised everyone by wearing a terrible mask.
我带了一副可怕的面具，使大家受惊了。

固定搭配：含surprise的短语
in surprise惊奇地be surprised at ....感到惊讶
to one' s surprise使某人惊讶的是be surprised to do sth对做某事感到惊讶2、medical 是形容词，意为“医疗的，医药的，药的”，常做定语，修饰名词；medical research 意为“医学研究”；medical treatment意为“医疗”。

例：The students have a medical examination every year.
学生们每年进行一次体检。

注意：medical没有比较级和最高级。

固定搭配：含medical的短语
medical care医疗护理medical college医学院
medical examination体检medical team医疗队
medical workers医疗队员
拓展：medicine n. 药、内服药；医学、是不可数名词。

take/have some/ the medicine服药。

例：Did you give him any medicine? 你给他药了吗?
You should take the medicine three times a day，and you will be better soon.
你应该每天服用三次药，很快就会好些的。

43.Now I realize that he has a heart full of love.
现在我知道他有一颗充满爱的心。

解析：full of love 是形容词短语作定语，修饰heart, 相当于filled with
例：What’s wrong? Why is your room full of(filled with) smoke?
怎么啦？你房间里面满是烟？
拓展：fill…with…“用…装满…”
例：Please fill the bottle with water.请用水装满瓶子。