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Multinomial Randomness Models for Retrieval withDocument FieldsVassilis Plachouras1and Iadh Ounis21Yahoo!Research,Barcelona,Spain2University of Glasgow,Glasgow,UKvassilis@,ounis@ Abstract.Documentﬁelds,such as the title or the headings of a document,offer a way to consider the structure of documents for retrieval.Most of the pro-posed approaches in the literature employ either a linear combination of scoresassigned to differentﬁelds,or a linear combination of frequencies in the termfrequency normalisation component.In the context of the Divergence From Ran-domness framework,we have a sound opportunity to integrate documentﬁeldsin the probabilistic randomness model.This paper introduces novel probabilis-tic models for incorporatingﬁelds in the retrieval process using a multinomialrandomness model and its information theoretic approximation.The evaluationresults from experiments conducted with a standard TREC Web test collectionshow that the proposed models perform as well as a state-of-the-artﬁeld-basedweighting model,while at the same time,they are theoretically founded and moreextensible than currentﬁeld-based models.1IntroductionDocumentﬁelds provide a way to incorporate the structure of a document in Information Retrieval(IR)models.In the context of HTML documents,the documentﬁelds may correspond to the contents of particular HTML tags,such as the title,or the heading tags.The anchor text of the incoming hyperlinks can also be seen as a documentﬁeld. In the case of email documents,theﬁelds may correspond to the contents of the email’s subject,date,or to the email address of the sender[9].It has been shown that using documentﬁelds for Web retrieval improves the retrieval effectiveness[17,7].The text and the distribution of terms in a particularﬁeld depend on the function of thatﬁeld.For example,the titleﬁeld provides a concise and short description for the whole document,and terms are likely to appear once or twice in a given title[6].The anchor textﬁeld also provides a concise description of the document,but the number of terms depends on the number of incoming hyperlinks of the document.In addition, anchor texts are not always written by the author of a document,and hence,they may enrich the document representation with alternative terms.The combination of evidence from the differentﬁelds in a retrieval model requires special attention.Robertson et al.[14]pointed out that the linear combination of scores, which has been the approach mostly used for the combination ofﬁelds,is difﬁcult to interpret due to the non-linear relation between the assigned scores and the term frequencies in each of theﬁelds.Hawking et al.[5]showed that the term frequency G.Amati,C.Carpineto,and G.Romano(Eds.):ECIR2007,LNCS4425,pp.28–39,2007.c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg2007Multinomial Randomness Models for Retrieval with Document Fields 29normalisation applied to each ﬁeld depends on the nature of the corresponding ﬁeld.Zaragoza et al.[17]introduced a ﬁeld-based version of BM25,called BM25F,which applies term frequency normalisation and weighting of the ﬁelds independently.Mac-donald et al.[7]also introduced normalisation 2F in the Divergence From Randomness (DFR)framework [1]for performing independent term frequency normalisation and weighting of ﬁelds.In both cases of BM25F and the DFR models that employ normali-sation 2F,there is the assumption that the occurrences of terms in the ﬁelds follow the same distribution,because the combination of ﬁelds takes place in the term frequency normalisation component,and not in the probabilistic weighting model.In this work,we introduce weighting models,where the combination of evidence from the different ﬁelds does not take place in the term frequency normalisation part of the model,but instead,it constitutes an integral part of the probabilistic randomness model.We propose two DFR weighting models that combine the evidence from the different ﬁelds using a multinomial distribution,and its information theoretic approx-imation.We evaluate the performance of the introduced weighting models using the standard .Gov TREC Web test collection.We show that the models perform as well as the state-of-the-art model ﬁeld-based PL2F,while at the same time,they employ a theoretically founded and more extensible combination of evidence from ﬁelds.The remainder of this paper is structured as follows.Section 2provides a description of the DFR framework,as well as the related ﬁeld-based weighting models.Section 3introduces the proposed multinomial DFR weighting models.Section 4presents the evaluation of the proposed weighting models with a standard Web test collection.Sec-tions 5and 6close the paper with a discussion related to the proposed models and the obtained results,and some concluding remarks drawn from this work,respectively.2Divergence from Randomness Framework and Document Fields The Divergence From Randomness (DFR)framework [1]generates a family of prob-abilistic weighting models for IR.It provides a great extent of ﬂexibility in the sense that the generated models are modular,allowing for the evaluation of new assumptions in a principled way.The remainder of this section provides a description of the DFR framework (Section 2.1),as well as a brief description of the combination of evidence from different document ﬁelds in the context of the DFR framework (Section 2.2).2.1DFR ModelsThe weighting models of the Divergence From Randomness framework are based on combinations of three components:a randomness model RM ;an information gain model GM ;and a term frequency normalisation model.Given a collection D of documents,the randomness model RM estimates the probability P RM (t ∈d |D )of having tf occurrences of a term t in a document d ,and the importance of t in d corresponds to the informative content −log 2(P RM (t ∈d |D )).Assuming that the sampling of terms corresponds to a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials,the randomness model RM is the binomial distribution:P B (t ∈d |D )= T F tfp tf (1−p )T F −tf (1)30V .Plachouras and I.Ouniswhere TF is the frequency of t in the collection D ,p =1N is a uniform prior probabilitythat the term t appears in the document d ,and N is the number of documents in the collection D .A limiting form of the binomial distribution is the Poisson distribution P :P B (t ∈d |D )≈P P (t ∈d |D )=λtf tf !e −λwhere λ=T F ·p =T FN (2)The information gain model GM estimates the informative content 1−P risk of the probability P risk that a term t is a good descriptor for a document.When a term t appears many times in a document,then there is very low risk in assuming that t describes the document.The information gain,however,from any future occurrences of t in d is lower.For example,the term ‘evaluation’is likely to have a high frequency in a document about the evaluation of IR systems.After the ﬁrst few occurrences of the term,however,each additional occurrence of the term ‘evaluation’provides a diminishing additional amount of information.One model to compute the probability P risk is the Laplace after-effect model:P risk =tf tf +1(3)P risk estimates the probability of having one more occurrence of a term in a document,after having seen tf occurrences already.The third component of the DFR framework is the term frequency normalisation model,which adjusts the frequency tf of the term t in d ,given the length l of d and the average document length l in D .Normalisation 2assumes a decreasing density function of the normalised term frequency with respect to the document length l .The normalised term frequency tfn is given as follows:tfn =tf ·log 2(1+c ·l l )(4)where c is a hyperparameter,i.e.a tunable parameter.Normalisation 2is employed in the framework by replacing tf in Equations (2)and (3)with tfn .The relevance score w d,q of a document d for a query q is given by:w d,q =t ∈qqtw ·w d,t where w d,t =(1−P risk )·(−log 2P RM )(5)where w d,t is the weight of the term t in document d ,qtw =qtf qtf max ,qtf is the frequency of t in the query q ,and qtf max is the maximum qtf in q .If P RM is estimatedusing the Poisson randomness model,P risk is estimated using the Laplace after-effect model,and tfn is computed according to normalisation 2,then the resulting weight-ing model is denotedby PL2.The factorial is approximated using Stirling’s formula:tf !=√2π·tftf +0.5e −tf .The DFR framework generates a wide range of weighting models by using different randomness models,information gain models,or term frequency normalisation models.For example,the next section describes how normalisation 2is extended to handle the normalisation and weighting of term frequencies for different document ﬁelds.Multinomial Randomness Models for Retrieval with Document Fields31 2.2DFR Models for Document FieldsThe DFR framework has been extended to handle multiple documentﬁelds,and to apply per-ﬁeld term frequency normalisation and weighting.This is achieved by ex-tending normalisation2,and introducing normalisation2F[7],which is explained below.Suppose that a document has kﬁelds.Each occurrence of a term can be assigned to exactly oneﬁeld.The frequency tf i of term t in the i-thﬁeld is normalised and weighted independently of the otherﬁelds.Then,the normalised and weighted term frequencies are combined into one pseudo-frequency tfn2F:tfn2F=ki=1w i·tf i log21+c i·l il i(6)where w i is the relative importance or weight of the i-thﬁeld,tf i is the frequency of t in the i-thﬁeld of document d,l i is the length of the i-thﬁeld in d,l i is the average length of the i-thﬁeld in the collection D,and c i is a hyperparameter for the i-thﬁeld.The above formula corresponds to normalisation2F.The weighting model PL2F corresponds to PL2using tfn2F as given in Equation(6).The well-known BM25 weighting model has also been extended in a similar way to BM25F[17].3Multinomial Randomness ModelsThis section introduces DFR models which,instead of extending the term frequency normalisation component,as described in the previous section,use documentﬁelds as part of the randomness model.While the weighting model PL2F has been shown to perform particularly well[7,8],the documentﬁelds are not an integral part of the ran-domness weighting model.Indeed,the combination of evidence from the differentﬁelds takes place as a linear combination of normalised frequencies in the term frequency nor-malisation component.This implies that the term frequencies are drawn from the same distribution,even though the nature of eachﬁeld may be different.We propose two weighting models,which,instead of assuming that term frequen-cies inﬁelds are drawn from the same distribution,use multinomial distributions to incorporate documentﬁelds in a theoretically driven way.Theﬁrst one is based on the multinomial distribution(Section3.1),and the second one is based on an information theoretic approximation of the multinomial distribution(Section3.2).3.1Multinomial DistributionWe employ the multinomial distribution to compute the probability that a term appears a given number of times in each of theﬁelds of a document.The formula of the weighting model is derived as follows.Suppose that a document d has kﬁelds.The probability that a term occurs tf i times in the i-thﬁeld f i,is given as follows:P M(t∈d|D)=T Ftf1tf2...tf k tfp tf11p tf22...p tf kkp tf (7)32V .Plachouras and I.OunisIn the above equation,T F is the frequency of term t in the collection,p i =1k ·N is the prior probability that a term occurs in a particular ﬁeld of document d ,and N is the number of documents in the collection D .The frequency tf =T F − ki =1tf i cor-responds to the number of occurrences of t in other documents than d .The probability p =1−k 1k ·N =N −1N corresponds to the probability that t does not appear in any of the ﬁelds of d .The DFR weighting model is generated using the multinomial distribution from Equation (7)as a randomness model,the Laplace after-effect from Equation (3),and replacing tf i with the normalised term frequency tfn i ,obtained by applying normal-isation 2from Equation (4).The relevance score of a document d for a query q is computed as follows:w d,q = t ∈q qtw ·w d,t = t ∈qqtw ·(1−P risk )· −log 2(P M (t ∈d |D )=t ∈q qtw k i =1tfn i +1· −log 2(T F !)+k i =1 log 2(tfn i !)−tfn i log 2(p i ) +log 2(tfn !)−tfn log 2(p ) (8)where qtw is the weight of a term t in query q ,tfn =T F − k i =1tfn i ,tfn i =tf i ·log 2(1+c i ·li l i )for the i -th ﬁeld,and c i is the hyperparameter of normalisation 2for the i -th ﬁeld.The weighting model introduced in the above equation is denoted by ML2,where M stands for the multinomial randomness model,L stands for the Laplace after-effect model,and 2stands for normalisation 2.Before continuing,it is interesting to note two issues related to the introduced weight-ing model ML2,namely setting the relative importance,or weight,of ﬁelds in the do-cument representation,and the computation of factorials.Weights of ﬁelds.In Equation (8),there are two different ways to incorporate weights for the ﬁelds of documents.The ﬁrst one is to multiply each of the normalised term frequencies tfn i with a constant w i ,in a similar way to normalisation 2F (see Equa-tion (6)):tfn i :=w i ·tfn i .The second way is to adjust the prior probabilities p i of ﬁelds,in order to increase the scores assigned to terms occurring in ﬁelds with low prior probabilities:p i :=p i w i .Indeed,the assigned score to a query term occurring in a ﬁeld with low probability is high,due to the factor −tfn i log 2(p i )in Equation (8).Computing factorials.As mentioned in Section 2.1,the factorial in the weighting model PL2is approximated using Stirling’s formula.A different method to approximate the factorial is to use the approximation of Lanczos to the Γfunction [12,p.213],which has a lower approximation error than Stirling’s formula.Indeed,preliminary experi-mentation with ML2has shown that using Stirling’s formula affects the performance of the weighting model,due to the accumulation of the approximation error from com-puting the factorial k +2times (k is the number of ﬁelds).This is not the case for the Poisson-based weighting models PL2and PL2F,where there is only one factorial com-putation for each query term (see Equation (2)).Hence,the computation of factorials in Equation (8)is performed using the approximation of Lanczos to the Γfunction.Multinomial Randomness Models for Retrieval with Document Fields33 3.2Approximation to the Multinomial DistributionThe DFR framework generates different models by replacing the binomial randomness model with its limiting forms,such as the Poisson randomness model.In this section, we introduce a new weighting model by replacing the multinomial randomness model in ML2with the following information theoretic approximation[13]:T F!tf1!tf2!···tf k!tf !p1tf1p2tf2···p k tf k p tf ≈1√2πT F k2−T F·Dtf iT F,p ip t1p t2···p tk p t(9)Dtf iT F,p icorresponds to the information theoretic divergence of the probability p ti=tf iT Fthat a term occurs in aﬁeld,from the prior probability p i of theﬁeld:D tfiT F,p i=ki=1tfiT Flog2tf iT F·p i+tfT Flog2tfT F·p(10)where tf =T F− ki=1tf i.Hence,the multinomial randomness model M in theweighting model ML2can be replaced by its approximation from Equation(9):w d,q=t∈q qtw·k2log2(2πT F)ki=1tfn i+1·ki=1tfn i log2tfn i/T Fp i+12log2tfn iT F+tfn log2tfn /T Fp+12log2tfnT F(11)The above model is denoted by M D L2.The deﬁnitions of the variables involved in theabove equation have been introduced in Section3.1.It should be noted that the information theoretic divergence Dtf iT F,p iis deﬁnedonly when tf i>0for1≤i≤k.In other words,Dtf iT F,p iis deﬁned only whenthere is at least one occurrence of a query term in all theﬁelds.This is not always the case,because a Web document may contain all the query terms in its body,but it may contain only some of the query terms in its title.To overcome this issue,the weight of a query term t in a document is computed by considering only theﬁelds in which the term t appears.The weights of differentﬁelds can be deﬁned in the same way as in the case of the weighting model ML2,as described in Section3.1.In more detail,the weighting of ﬁelds can be achieved by either multiplying the frequency of a term in aﬁeld by a constant,or by adjusting the prior probability of the correspondingﬁeld.An advantage of the weighting model M D L2is that,because it approximates the multinomial distribution,there is no need to compute factorials.Hence,it is likely to provide a sufﬁciently accurate approximation to the multinomial distribution,and it may lead to improved retrieval effectiveness compared to ML2,due to the lower accu-mulated numerical errors.The experimental results in Section4.2will indeed conﬁrm this advantage of M D L2.34V.Plachouras and I.Ounis4Experimental EvaluationIn this section,we evaluate the proposed multinomial DFR models ML2and M D L2, and compare their performance to that of PL2F,which has been shown to be particu-larly effective[7,8].A comparison of the retrieval effectiveness of PL2F and BM25F has shown that the two models perform equally well on various search tasks and test collections[11],including those employed in this work.Hence,we experiment only with the multinomial models and PL2F.Section4.1describes the experimental setting, and Section4.2presents the evaluation results.4.1Experimental SettingThe evaluation of the proposed models is conducted with TREC Web test collection,a crawl of approximately1.25million documents from domain.The .Gov collection has been used in the TREC Web tracks between2002and2004[2,3,4]. In this work,we employ the tasks from the Web tracks of TREC2003and2004,because they include both informational tasks,such as the topic distillation(td2003and td2004, respectively),as well as navigational tasks,such as named pageﬁnding(np2003and np2004,respectively)and home pageﬁnding(hp2003and hp2004,respectively).More speciﬁcally,we train and test for each type of task independently,in order to get insight on the performance of the proposed models[15].We employ each of the tasks from the TREC2003Web track for training the hyperparameters of the proposed models.Then, we evaluate the models on the corresponding tasks from the TREC2004Web track.In the reported set of experiments,we employ k=3documentﬁelds:the contents of the<BODY>tag of Web documents(b),the anchor text associated with incoming hyperlinks(a),and the contents of the<TITLE>tag(t).Moreﬁelds can be deﬁned for other types ofﬁelds,such as the contents of the heading tags<H1>for example. It has been shown,however,that the body,title and anchor textﬁelds are particularly effective for the considered search tasks[11].The collection of documents is indexed after removing stopwords and applying Porter’s stemming algorithm.We perform the experiments in this work using the Terrier IR platform[10].The proposed models ML2and M D L2,as well as PL2F,have a range of hyperpa-rameters,the setting of which can affect the retrieval effectiveness.More speciﬁcally,all three weighting models have two hyperparameters for each employed documentﬁeld: one related to the term frequency normalisation,and a second one related to the weight of thatﬁeld.As described in Sections3.1and3.2,there are two ways to deﬁne the weights ofﬁelds for the weighting models ML2and M D L2:(i)multiplying the nor-malised frequency of a term in aﬁeld;(ii)adjusting the prior probability p i of the i-th ﬁeld.Theﬁeld weights in the case of PL2F are only deﬁned in terms of multiplying the normalised term frequency by a constant w i,as shown in Equation(6).In this work,we consider only the term frequency normalisation hyperparameters, and we set all the weights ofﬁelds to1,in order to avoid having one extra parameter in the discussion of the performance of the weighting models.We set the involved hyperparameters c b,c a,and c t,for the body,anchor text,and titleﬁelds,respectively, by directly optimising mean average precision(MAP)on the training tasks from the Web track of TREC2003.We perform a3-dimensional optimisation to set the valuesMultinomial Randomness Models for Retrieval with Document Fields 35of the hyperparameters.The optimisation process is the following.Initially,we apply a simulated annealing algorithm,and then,we use the resulting hyperparameter values as a starting point for a second optimisation algorithm [16],to increase the likelihood of detecting a global maximum.For each of the three training tasks,we apply the above optimisation process three times,and we select the hyperparameter values that result in the highest MAP.We employ the above optimisation process to increase the likelihood that the hyperparameters values result in a global maximum for MAP.Figure 1shows the MAP obtained by ML2on the TREC 2003home page ﬁnding topics,for each iteration of the optimisation process.Table 1reports the hyperparameter values that resulted in the highest MAP for each of the training tasks,and that are used for the experiments in this work.0 0.20.40.60.80 40 80 120 160 200M A PiterationML2Fig.1.The MAP obtained by ML2on the TREC 2003home page ﬁnding topics,during the optimisation of the term frequency normalisation hyperparametersThe evaluation results from the Web tracks of TREC 2003[3]and 2004[4]have shown that employing evidence from the URLs of Web documents results in important improvements in retrieval effectiveness for the topic distillation and home page ﬁnd-ing tasks,where relevant documents are home pages of relevant Web sites.In order to provide a more complete evaluation of the proposed models for these two types of Web search tasks,we also employ the length in characters of the URL path,denoted by URLpathlen ,using the following formula to transform it to a relevance score [17]:w d,q :=w d,q +ω·κκ+URLpathlen (12)where w d,q is the relevance score of a document.The parameters ωand κare set by per-forming a 2-dimensional optimisation as described for the case of the hyperparameters c i .The resulting values for ωand κare shown in Table 2.4.2Evaluation ResultsAfter setting the hyperparameter values of the proposed models,we evaluate the models with the search tasks from TREC 2004Web track [4].We report the ofﬁcial TREC evaluation measures for each search task:mean average precision (MAP)for the topic distillation task (td2004),and mean reciprocal rank (MRR)of the ﬁrst correct answer for both named page ﬁnding (np2004)and home page ﬁnding (hp2004)tasks.36V.Plachouras and I.OunisTable1.The values of the hyperparameters c b,c a,and c t,for the body,anchor text and titleﬁelds,respectively,which resulted in the highest MAP on the training tasks of TREC2003Web trackML2Task c b c a c ttd20030.0738 4.326810.8220np20030.1802 4.70578.4074hp20030.1926310.3289624.3673M D L2Task c b c a c ttd20030.256210.038324.6762np20031.02169.232121.3330hp20030.4093355.2554966.3637PL2FTask c b c a c ttd20030.1400 5.0527 4.3749np20031.015311.96529.1145hp20030.2785406.1059414.7778Table2.The values of the hyperparameters ωandκ,which resulted in the high-est MAP on the training topic distillation (td2003)and home pageﬁnding(hp2003) tasks of TREC2003Web trackML2Taskωκtd20038.809514.8852hp200310.66849.8822M D L2Taskωκtd20037.697412.4616hp200327.067867.3153PL2FTaskωκtd20037.36388.2178hp200313.347628.3669Table3presents the evaluation results for the proposed models ML2,M D L2,and the weighting model PL2F,as well as their combination with evidence from the URLs of documents(denoted by appending U to the weighting model’s name).When only the documentﬁelds are employed,the multinomial weighting models have similar perfor-mance compared to the weighting model PL2F.The weighting models PL2F and M D L2 outperform ML2for both topic distillation and home pageﬁnding tasks.For the named pageﬁnding task,ML2results in higher MRR than M D L2and PL2F.Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test,we tested the signiﬁcance of the differences in MAP and MRR between the proposed new multinomial models and PL2F.In the case of the topic distillation task td2004,PL2F and M D L2were found to perform statistically signiﬁcantly better than ML2,with p<0.001in both cases.There was no statistically signiﬁcant difference between PL2F and M D L2.Regarding the named pageﬁnding task np2004,there is no statistically signiﬁcant difference between any of the three proposed models.For the home pageﬁnding task hp2004,only the difference between ML2and PL2F was found to be statistically signiﬁcant(p=0.020).Regarding the combination of the weighting models with the evidence from the URLs of Web documents,Table3shows that PL2FU and M D L2U outperform ML2U for td2004.The differences in performance are statistically signiﬁcant,with p=0.002 and p=0.012,respectively,but there is no signiﬁcant difference in the retrieval ef-fectiveness between PL2FU and M D L2U.When considering hp2004,we can see that PL2F outperforms the multinomial weighting models.The only statistically signiﬁcant difference in MRR was found between PL2FU and M D L2FU(p=0.012).Multinomial Randomness Models for Retrieval with Document Fields37 Table3.Evaluation results for the weighting models ML2,M D L2,and PL2F on the TREC 2004Web track topic distillation(td2004),named pageﬁnding(np2004),and home pageﬁnding (hp2004)tasks.ML2U,M D L2U,and PL2FU correspond to the combination of each weighting model with evidence from the URL of documents.The table reports mean average precision (MAP)for the topic distillation task,and mean reciprocal rank(MRR)of theﬁrst correct answer for the named pageﬁnding and home pageﬁnding tasks.ML2U,M D L2U and PL2FU are evalu-ated only for td2004and hp2004,where the relevant documents are home pages(see Section4.1).Task ML2M D L2PL2FMAPtd20040.12410.13910.1390MRRnp20040.69860.68560.6878hp20040.60750.62130.6270Task ML2U M D L2U PL2FUMAPtd20040.19160.20120.2045MRRhp20040.63640.62200.6464A comparison of the evaluation results with the best performing runs submitted to the Web track of TREC2004[4]shows that the combination of the proposed mod-els with the evidence from the URLs performs better than the best performing run of the topic distillation task in TREC2004,which achieved MAP0.179.The performance of the proposed models is comparable to that of the most effective method for the named pageﬁnding task(MRR0.731).Regarding the home pageﬁnding task,the dif-ference is greater between the performance of the proposed models with evidence from the URLs,and the best performing methods in the same track(MRR0.749).This can be explained in two ways.First,the over-ﬁtting of the parametersωandκon the training task may result in lower performance for the test task.Second,usingﬁeld weights may be more effective for the home pageﬁnding task,which is a high precision task,where the correct answers to the queries are documents of a very speciﬁc type.From the results in Table3,it can be seen that the model M D L2,which employs the information theoretic approximation to the multinomial distribution,signiﬁcantly outperforms the model ML2,which employs the multinomial distribution,for the topic distillation task.As discussed in Section3.2,this may suggest that approximating the multinomial distribution is more effective than directly computing it,because of the number of computations involved,and the accumulated small approximation errors from the computation of the factorial.The difference in performance may be greater if more documentﬁelds are considered.Overall,the evaluation results show that the proposed multinomial models ML2and M D L2have a very similar performance to that of PL2F for the tested search tasks. None of the models outperforms the others consistently for all three tested tasks,and the weighting models M D L2and PL2F achieve similar levels of retrieval effectiveness. The next section discusses some points related to the new multinomial models.。

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Emergency Standby Power (ESP) nnPower output available with varying load for

福特256 Diesel（8 87-8 90）BD442 NA应用部件清单说明书

APPLICATION: Tractors: 5610, 5900 (8/87-8/90); Tractors: 555C (11/88-8/90); 655, 655A (8/87-10/88); QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 964222 In-Frame Kit I1 965222 Out-of-Frame Kit O4 161247 STD Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings) O I4 161248 .020 Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)4 161249 .030 Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)4 161251 .040 Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)4 161174 Liner (Flanged / Semi-Finished Bore) (1)4 161175 Liner, Diesel (Flanged / Finished 4.401" Bore)4 161128 STD Ring Set4 161129 .020 Ring Set4 161131 .030 Ring Set4 161132 .040 Ring Set4 261113 STD Rod Bearing O I4 261114 .002 Rod Bearing4 261115 .010 Rod Bearing4 261116 .020 Rod Bearing4 261117 .030 Rod Bearing4 261118 .040 Rod Bearing4 261119 .050 Rod Bearing4 261121 .060 Rod Bearing1 261134 STD Main Bearing Set O I1 261135 .002 Main Bearing Set1 261136 .010 Main Bearing Set1 261137 .020 Main Bearing Set1 261138 .030 Main Bearing Set1 261139 .040 Main Bearing Set (2)1 261141 .050 Main Bearing Set (Includes .010 Oversize Thrust)1 261142 .060 Main Bearing Set (Includes .010 Oversize Thrust)1 361161 Head Gasket Set O I1 361117 Head Gasket1 361155 Valve Cover Gasket, After 9/89 (Steel Edge Molded Rubber)1 361115 Lower Gasket Set w/Seals O1 361141 Rear Seal Retainer Gasket1 361153 Pan Gasket Set (Cast Pan) I1 361128 Front Crank Seal1 361129 Crank Spacer (Internal Keyway) (3)1 361131 Rear Crank Seal (For Wear Sleeve Use 301131 (3))4 261111 Pin Bushing (Rods w/Bolts & Nuts)4 261159 Pin Bushing (Rods w/Capscrews)1 261133 Cam Bearing Set1 261182 .010 Cam Bearing Set8 761117 Rod Bolt, Early8 761118 Rod Nut, Early8 761127 Rod Capscrew, Late1 761129 Head Bolt Kit (9/16" Bolts)(1)Oversize OD Liners Also Available (+.030-161177) or (+.100-161178) (2)Use 261157 For Main Set w/.010 OS Thrust(3) Not in Gasket Set FO-256-G 4/1/2004QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 969515 Camshaft Kit C1 969121 Valve Train Kit V1 561131 CamshaftC8 561111 Tappet C4 461155 STD Stellite Exhaust Valve V4 461156 .003 Stellite Exhaust Valve4 461157 .015 Stellite Exhaust Valve4 461158 .030 Stellite Exhaust Valve4 461148 STD Intake Valve (30 Degree) V4 461149 .003 Intake Valve (30 Degree)4 461151 .015 Intake Valve (30 Degree)4 461152 .030 Intake Valve (30 Degree)8 401141 Service Repair Valve Guide (Use When Wear Exceeds .030)8 461128 Valve Spring, (2.15" Free Length)4 461129 Valve Rotator4 461146 Spring/Retainer Update Kit (Incls Springs, Retainers, Seals) V16 461131 Valve Keeper (Half) V4 461159 STD Exhaust Valve Seat4 461133 .020 Exhaust Valve Seat4 461153 STD Intake Valve Seat (30 Degree)4 461154 .020 Intake Valve Seat (30 Degree)4 461141 Exhaust Rocker Arm4 461142 Intake Rocker Arm8 461194 Rocker Arm Screw1 461181 Rocker Arm Shaft1 561117 Cam Gear1 561118 Crank Gear (Internal Keyway)1 561121 Idler Gear (4)1 561122 Hydraulic Pump Drive Gear (Rear of Cam)8 561115 Push Rod1 661112 Oil Pump1 661115 Oil Pump Screen 1 661113 Intermediate Oil Pump Shaft1 661114 Oil Pump Drive Gear & Shaft1 661116 Oil Cooler1 761154 Crankshaft (76 Tooth/RH Helix Balancer Gear)1 761123 Plug, Rear Cam / Hyd Pump Drive Gear Cover2 761125 Plug, Oil Galley (.824" OD)1 761226 Balancer Overhaul Kit "Use w/761154 Crankshaft"1 761225 Balancer Assembly "Use w/761154 Crankshaft"1 861135 Thermostat1 861133 Block Heater (1.500" Dia.Core Hole)FO-256-G 4/1/2004。

NI cDAQ

SPECIFICA TIONSNI cDAQ™-91844-Slot, Ethernet CompactDAQ ChassisDefinitionsWarranted specifications describe the performance of a model under stated operating conditions and are covered by the model warranty.Characteristics describe values that are relevant to the use of the model under stated operating conditions but are not covered by the model warranty.•Typical specifications describe the expected performance met by a majority of the models.•Nominal specifications describe parameters and attributes that may be useful in operation. Specifications are Typical unless otherwise noted.ConditionsSpecifications are valid at 25 °C unless otherwise noted.Analog InputInput FIFO size127 samples per slotMaximum sample rate1Determined by the C Series module or modules Timing accuracy250 ppm of sample rateTiming resolution212.5 nsNumber of channels supported Determined by the C Series module or modules 1Performance dependent on type of installed C Series module and number of channels in the task.2Does not include group delay. For more information, refer to the documentation for each C Series module.Analog OutputNumber of channels supportedHardware-timed taskOnboard regeneration16Non-regeneration Determined by the C Series module or modules Non-hardware-timed task Determined by the C Series module or modules Maximum update rateOnboard regeneration 1.6 MS/s (multi-channel, aggregate)Non-regeneration Determined by the C Series module or modules Timing accuracy50 ppm of sample rateTiming resolution12.5 nsOutput FIFO sizeOnboard regeneration8,191 samples shared among channels used Non-regeneration127 samples per slotAO waveform modes Non-periodic waveform,periodic waveform regeneration mode fromonboard memory,periodic waveform regeneration from hostbuffer including dynamic updateDigital Waveform CharacteristicsWaveform acquisition (DI) FIFOParallel modules511 samples per slotSerial modules63 samples per slotWaveform generation (DO) FIFOParallel modules2,047 samples per slotSerial modules63 samples per slotDigital input sample clock frequencyStreaming to application memory System-dependentFinite0 MHz to 10 MHz2| | NI cDAQ-9184 SpecificationsDigital output sample clock frequencyStreaming from application memory System-dependentRegeneration from FIFO0 MHz to 10 MHzFinite0 MHz to 10 MHzTiming accuracy50 ppmGeneral-Purpose Counters/TimersNumber of counters/timers4Resolution32 bitsCounter measurements Edge counting, pulse, semi-period, period,two-edge separation, pulse widthPosition measurements X1, X2, X4 quadrature encoding withChannel Z reloading; two-pulse encoding Output applications Pulse, pulse train with dynamic updates,frequency division, equivalent time sampling Internal base clocks80 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 kHzExternal base clock frequency0 MHz to 20 MHzBase clock accuracy50 ppmOutput frequency0 MHz to 20 MHzInputs Gate, Source, HW_Arm, Aux, A, B, Z,Up_DownRouting options for inputs Any module PFI, analog trigger, many internalsignalsFIFO Dedicated 127-sample FIFOFrequency GeneratorNumber of channels1Base clocks20 MHz, 10 MHz, 100 kHzDivisors 1 to 16 (integers)Base clock accuracy50 ppmOutput Any module PFI terminalNI cDAQ-9184 Specifications| © National Instruments| 3Module PFI CharacteristicsFunctionality Static digital input, static digital output, timinginput, and timing outputTiming output sources3Many analog input, analog output, counter,digital input, and digital output timing signals Timing input frequency0 MHz to 20 MHzTiming output frequency0 MHz to 20 MHzDigital TriggersSource Any module PFI terminalPolarity Software-selectable for most signalsAnalog input function Start Trigger, Reference Trigger,Pause Trigger, Sample Clock,Sample Clock TimebaseAnalog output function Start Trigger, Pause Trigger, Sample Clock,Sample Clock TimebaseCounter/timer function Gate, Source, HW_Arm, Aux, A, B, Z,Up_DownModule I/O StatesAt power-on Module-dependent. Refer to the documentationfor each C Series module.Network InterfaceNetwork protocols TCP/IP, UDPNetwork ports used HTTP:80 (configuration only), TCP:3580;UDP:5353 (configuration only), TCP:5353(configuration only); TCP:31415; UDP:7865(configuration only), UDP:8473 (configurationonly)Network IP configuration DHCP + Link-Local, DHCP, Static,Link-Local3Actual available signals are dependent on type of installed C Series module.4| | NI cDAQ-9184 SpecificationsHigh-performance data streams7Data stream types available Analog input, analog output, digital input,digital output, counter/timer input,counter/timer output, NI-XNET4Default MTU size1500 bytesJumbo frame support Up to 9000 bytesEthernetNetwork interface1000 Base-TX, full-duplex; 1000 Base-TX,half-duplex; 100 Base-TX, full-duplex;100 Base-TX, half-duplex; 10 Base-T,full-duplex; 10 Base-T, half-duplex Communication rates10/100/1000 Mbps, auto-negotiated Maximum cabling distance100 m/segmentPower RequirementsCaution The protection provided by the NI cDAQ-9184 chassis can be impaired ifit is used in a manner not described in the NI cDAQ-9181/9184/9188/9191 UserManual.Note Some C Series modules have additional power requirements. For moreinformation about C Series module power requirements, refer to the documentationfor each C Series module.Note Sleep mode for C Series modules is not supported in the NI cDAQ-9184.V oltage input range9 V to 30 VMaximum power consumption515 W4When a session is active, CAN or LIN (NI-XNET) C Series modules use a total of two data streams regardless of the number of NI-XNET modules in the chassis.5Includes maximum 1 W module load per slot across rated temperature and product variations.NI cDAQ-9184 Specifications| © National Instruments| 5Note The maximum power consumption specification is based on a fully populatedsystem running a high-stress application at elevated ambient temperature and withall C Series modules consuming the maximum allowed power.Power input connector 2 positions 3.5 mm pitch mini-combicon screwterminal with screw flanges, SauroCTMH020F8-0N001Power input mating connector Sauro CTF020V8, Phoenix Contact 1714977,or equivalentPhysical CharacteristicsWeight (unloaded)Approximately 643 g (22.7 oz)Dimensions (unloaded)178.1 mm × 88.1 mm × 64.3 mm(7.01 in. × 3.47 in. × 2.53 in.) Refer to thefollowing figure.Screw-terminal wiringGauge0.5 mm 2 to 2.1 mm2 (20 AWG to 14 AWG)copper conductor wireWire strip length 6 mm (0.24 in.) of insulation stripped from theendTemperature rating85 °CTorque for screw terminals0.20 N · m to 0.25 N · m (1.8 lb · in. to2.2 lb · in.)Wires per screw terminal One wire per screw terminalConnector securementSecurement type Screw flanges providedTorque for screw flanges0.20 N · m to 0.25 N · m (1.8 lb · in. to2.2 lb · in.)If you need to clean the chassis, wipe it with a dry towel.6| | NI cDAQ-9184 SpecificationsFigure 1. NI cDAQ-9184 Dimensions30.6 mm 47.2 mm Safety VoltagesConnect only voltages that are within these limits.V terminal to C terminal30 V maximum, Measurement Category IMeasurement Category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to the electrical distribution system referred to as MAINS voltage. MAINS is a hazardous liveNI cDAQ-9184 Specifications | © National Instruments | 7electrical supply system that powers equipment. This category is for measurements of voltages from specially protected secondary circuits. Such voltage measurements include signal levels, special equipment, limited-energy parts of equipment, circuits powered by regulatedlow-voltage sources, and electronics.Caution Do not connect the system to signals or use for measurements withinMeasurement Categories II, III, or IV.Note Measurement Categories CAT I and CAT O (Other) are equivalent. These testand measurement circuits are not intended for direct connection to the MAINsbuilding installations of Measurement Categories CAT II, CAT III, or CAT IV.Environmental-20 °C to 55 °C6Operating temperature (IEC 60068-2-1and IEC 60068-2-2)Caution To maintain product performance and accuracy specifications when theambient temperature is between 45 and 55 °C, you must mount the chassishorizontally to a metal panel or surface using the screw holes or the panel mount kit.Measure the ambient temperature at each side of the CompactDAQ system 63.5 mm(2.5 in.) from the side and 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) from the rear cover of the system. Forfurther information about mounting configurations, go to /info and enterthe Info Code cdaqmounting.-40 °C to 85 °CStorage temperature (IEC 60068-2-1 andIEC 60068-2-2)Ingress protection IP 30Operating humidity (IEC 60068-2-56)10% to 90% RH, noncondensingStorage humidity (IEC 60068-2-56)5% to 95% RH, noncondensingPollution Degree (IEC 60664)2Maximum altitude5,000 mIndoor use only.6When operating the NI cDAQ-9184 in temperatures below 0 °C, you must use the PS-15 powersupply or another power supply rated for below 0 °C.8| | NI cDAQ-9184 SpecificationsHazardous LocationsU.S. (UL)Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D, T4;Class I, Zone 2, AEx nA IIC T4Canada (C-UL)Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D, T4;Class I, Zone 2, Ex nA IIC T4Europe (ATEX) and International (IECEx)Ex nA IIC T4 GcShock and VibrationTo meet these specifications, you must direct mount the NI cDAQ-9184 system and affix ferrules to the ends of the terminal lines.Operational shock30 g peak, half-sine, 11 ms pulse (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-27. Test profiledeveloped in accordance withMIL-PRF-28800F.)Random vibrationOperating 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 0.3 g rmsNon-operating 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 2.4 g rms (Tested in accordancewith IEC 60068-2-64. Non-operating testprofile exceeds the requirements ofMIL PRF-28800F, Class 3.)Safety and Hazardous Locations StandardsThis product is designed to meet the requirements of the following electrical equipment safety standards for measurement, control, and laboratory use:•IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1•UL 61010-1, CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1•EN 60079-0:2012, EN 60079-15:2010•IEC 60079-0: Ed 6, IEC 60079-15; Ed 4•UL 60079-0; Ed 6, UL 60079-15; Ed 4•CSA 60079-0:2011, CSA 60079-15:2012Note For UL and other safety certifications, refer to the product label or the OnlineProduct Certification section.NI cDAQ-9184 Specifications| © National Instruments| 9Electromagnetic CompatibilityThis product meets the requirements of the following EMC standards for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use:•EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1): Class A emissions; Basic immunity•EN 55011 (CISPR 11): Group 1, Class A emissions•EN 55022 (CISPR 22): Class A emissions•EN 55024 (CISPR 24): Immunity•AS/NZS CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A emissions•AS/NZS CISPR 22: Class A emissions•FCC 47 CFR Part 15B: Class A emissions•ICES-001: Class A emissionsNote In the United States (per FCC 47 CFR), Class A equipment is intended foruse in commercial, light-industrial, and heavy-industrial locations. In Europe,Canada, Australia and New Zealand (per CISPR 11) Class A equipment is intendedfor use only in heavy-industrial locations.Note Group 1 equipment (per CISPR 11) is any industrial, scientific, or medicalequipment that does not intentionally generate radio frequency energy for thetreatment of material or inspection/analysis purposes.Note For EMC declarations and certifications, and additional information, refer tothe Online Product Certification section.CE ComplianceThis product meets the essential requirements of applicable European Directives, as follows:•2014/35/EU; Low-V oltage Directive (safety)•2014/30/EU; Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC)•2014/34/EU; Potentially Explosive Atmospheres (ATEX)Online Product CertificationRefer to the product Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for additional regulatory compliance information. To obtain product certifications and the DoC for this product, visit / certification, search by model number or product line, and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.10| | NI cDAQ-9184 SpecificationsEnvironmental ManagementNI is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible manner. NI recognizes that eliminating certain hazardous substances from our products is beneficial to the environment and to NI customers.For additional environmental information, refer to the Minimize Our Environmental Impact web page at /environment. This page contains the environmental regulations and directives with which NI complies, as well as other environmental information not included in this document.Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) EU Customers At the end of the product life cycle, all NI products must bedisposed of according to local laws and regulations. For more information abouthow to recycle NI products in your region, visit /environment/weee.电子信息产品污染控制管理办法（中国RoHS）中国客户National Instruments符合中国电子信息产品中限制使用某些有害物质指令(RoHS)。

PowerTech 4.5 升和 6.8 升柴油发动机基本发动机说明书

PowerTech™4.5L and6.8LDiesel Engines Base EngineFor complete service information also see:PowerTech™Diesel Engines—Mechanical Fuel Systems.......................................................CTM207PowerTech™Diesel Engines—Level 4Electronic Fuel Systems with Bosch VP44Pump.....................................................................CTM170PowerTech™Diesel Engines—Level 12Electronic Fuel Systems with Stanadyne DE10Pump.....................................................................CTM331PowerTech™Diesel Engines—Level 1Electronic Fuel Systems with Delphi/Lucas DP201Pump.........................................................CTM284PowerTech™Diesel Engines—Level 11Electronic Fuel Systems with Denso HPCR......CTM220PowerTech™Diesel Engines and PowerTech™Plus—Level 14Electronic Fuel Systems with Denso HPCR........................................................CTM320PowerTech™Diesel Engines and PowerTech™E—Level 16Electronic Fuel Systems with Denso HPCR........................................................CTM502Alternators and Starter Motors..........................CTM77OEM Engine Accessories...................................CTM67Application List....................................................CTM106819JDPS Master Tool Manual...................................TM111119COMPONENT TECHNICAL MANUAL PowerTech™4.5L and 6.8L DieselEngines—Base EngineCTM10407NOV12(ENGLISH)John Deere Power SystemsLITHO IN U.S.A.IntroductionDPSG,OUO1004,2767-19-29OCT10-1/1ForewordThis manual is written for an experienced technician.Essential tools required in performing certain service work are identified in this manual and are recommended for use.This manual (CTM104)covers only the engine base for all PowerTech™4.5L and 6.8L engines includingPowerTech™”Plus”engine model as well as PowerTech™”E”and PowerTech™”M”engine models.It is one of eight volumes on 4.5L and 6.8L engines.The following seven companion manuals cover fuel system and electronics repair,operation and diagnostics:•CTM207—Mechanical Fuel Systems•CTM170—Level 4Electronic Fuel Systems with Bosch VP44Pump•CTM331—Level 12Electronic Fuel Systems with Stanadyne DE10Pump•CTM284—Level 1Electronic Fuel Systems with Delphi/Lucas DP201Pump•CTM220—Level 11Electronic Fuel Systems with Denso High Pressure Common Rail•CTM320—Level 14Electronic Fuel Systems with Denso High Pressure Common Rail•CTM502—Level 16Electronic Fuel Systems with Denso High Pressure Common RailOther manuals will be added in the future to provide additional information on electronic fuel systems as needed.Live with safety:Read the safety messages in the introduction of this manual and the cautionspresented throughout the text of the manual.This is the safety-alert symbol.When you see this symbol on the machine or in this manual,be alert to the potential for personal injury.Use this component technical manual in conjunction with the machine technical manual.An applicationlisting in Section 01,Group 001identifiesproduct-model/component type-model relationship.See the machine technical manual for information on component removal and installation,and gaining access to the components.Information is organized in sections and groups for the various components requiring service instruction.Section 05summarizes all applicable essential tools,service equipment and tools,other materials needed to do the job,and service parts kits.Section 06summarizes all specifications,wear tolerances,and torque values.Before beginning repair on an engine,clean the engine and mount on a repair stand.(See Section 02,Group 010.)This manual contains SI Metric units of measure followed immediately by the U.S.customary units of measure.Most hardware on these engines is metric sized.Some components of this engine may be serviced without removing the engine from the machine.Refer to the specific machine technical manual for information on components that can be serviced without removing the engine from the machine and for engine removal and installation procedures.Read each block of material completely before performing service to check for differences in procedures orspecifications.Follow only the procedures that apply to the engine model number you are working on.If only one procedure is given,that procedure applies to all the engines in the manual.CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65WARNINGDiesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to the State of California to cause cancer,birth defects and other reproductive harm.PowerTech is a trademark of Deere &CompanyRecord of ChangesPublication and Translation DateCTM104_17DEC09Section-Group Group Title Block Title Comment01-001Engine Identification andApplication Charts Engine Application Charts Moved to Application manual(CTM106819)02-050Camshaft,Balancer Shafts andTiming Gear Train Time Camshaft and Fuel InjectionPump(Non-HPCR Engines)Add procedure for injection pumpwith lock shaft timing.04-150Observable Diagnostics and Tests Test Engine Compression Pressure Added new compression adapterJDG10824,JDG11064,JDG1106506-210Diagnostic Specifications Intake Manifold Pressure(Turbocharger Boost)Specifications Update with new applications:•J06068HCQ07•PE6068HT082/083/085•J06068HCQ04•PE4045HLV56/58/60/62/64/66•PE6068AFM75•JO6068HBM04CD03523,00001D2-19-03SEP10-1/1DPSG,OUO1004,129-19-03DEC07-1/1RG7636—UN—23NOV973/4Right Rear ViewRG7638—UN—23NOV973/4Left Rear ViewRG7639—UN—23NOV973/4Right Front ViewRG7637—UN—23NOV973/4Left Front ViewPowerTech is a trademark of Deere&CompanyOUO1080,0000238-19-03DEC07-1/1R G 11932—U N —06N O V 013/4Right Front View—Two-Valve Head EngineR G 11931—U N —06N O V 013/4Left Rear View—Two-Valve Head EngineR G 13617A —U N —18M A Y 043/4Right Front View—Four-Valve Head EngineR G 13618A —U N —18M A Y 043/4Left Rear View—Four-Valve Head EnginePowerTech is a trademark of Deere &CompanyThanks very much for your reading, Want to get more information,Please click here, Then get the complete manualNOTE:If there is no response to click on the link above, please download the PDF document first, and then click on it.Have any questions please write to me: ******************************DPSG,OUO1004,130-19-29NOV07-1/1RG7641—UN—23NOV973/4Right Front ViewRG764—UN—23NOV973/4Left Front ViewRG7643—UN—23NOV973/4Right Rear ViewRG7642—UN—23NOV973/4Left Rear ViewPowerTech is a trademark of Deere&CompanyOUO1080,0000239-19-29OCT10-1/1OUO1083,00005FC -19-29OCT10-1/1R G 11934—U N —24O C T 013/4Right Front View—Two-Valve Head Engine R G 11933—U N —24O C T 013/4Left Rear View—Two-Valve Head EnginePowerTech™6.8L Engine With Electronic Fuel System—Tier 2/Stage IIR G 12199—U N —24M A Y 026068HF475Four-Valve Engine (Level 11Electronic Fuel Systemwith Denso High Pressure Common Rail)R G 12200—U N —24M A Y 026068HF475Four-Valve EngineOUO1083,00005FC -19-29NOV07-1/1PowerTech™Plus 6.8L Engine With Electronic Fuel System—Tier 3/Stage IIIAR G 13547—U N —11N O V 046068HF485Engine Shown (Electronic Fuel System WithDenso High Pressure Common Rail)R G 13546—U N —11N O V 046068HF485ShownPowerTech is a trademark of Deere &CompanyOURGP12,00001EA -19-29NOV07-1/1PowerTech™E 4.5L Engine With Electronic Fuel Systems (HPCR Fuel System)(Two-Valve Cylinder Head)R G 14632—U N —13A P R 064045HF285EngineR G 14633—U N —13A P R 064045HF285EnginePowerTech is a trademark of Deere &CompanyOURGP12,00001EB -19-29NOV07-1/1PowerTech™E 6.8L Engine With Electronic Fuel Systems (HPCR Fuel System)(Two-Valve Cylinder Head Model)R G 14634A —U N —29N O V 076068HF285Engine (3/4Right Front View)C D 31001—U N —29N O V 076068HF285Engine (3/4Left Front View)PowerTech is a trademark of Deere &CompanyCD03523,00001B4-19-03DEC07-1/1PowerTech™M 4.5L Engine withMechanical Fuel System and 17mm InjectorsC D 31002—U N —29N O V 074045HF280Engine (3/4Left Front View)PowerTech is a trademark of Deere &CompanyContentsSection01—General InformationGroup000—SafetyGroup001—Engine Identification and ApplicationChartsGroup002—Fuels,Lubricants and CoolantsSection02—Repair and AdjustmentsGroup010—Engine RebuildGroup020—Cylinder Head and Valves(Two-ValveHead Engines)Group021—Cylinder Head and Valves(Four-ValveHead Engines)Group030—Cylinder Block,Liners,Pistons and RodsGroup040—Crankshaft,Main Bearings and FlywheelGroup050—Camshaft,Balancer Shafts and TimingGear TrainGroup060—Lubrication SystemGroup070—Cooling SystemGroup080—Air Intake and Exhaust SystemGroup090—Fuel SystemGroup100—Starting and Charging SystemsSection03—Theory of OperationGroup120—Base Engine OperationSection04—DiagnosticsGroup150—Observable Diagnostics and TestsSection05—Tools and Other MaterialsGroup170—Repair Tools and Other MaterialsGroup180—Diagnostic Service ToolsGroup190—Dealer Fabricated Service ToolsSection06—SpecificationsGroup200—Repair and General OEM SpecificationsGroup210—Diagnostic SpecificationsOriginal Instructions.All information,illustrations and specifications in thismanual are based on the latest information available at the time of publication.The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.COPYRIGHT©2012DEERE&COMPANYMoline,IllinoisAll rights reserved.A John Deere ILLUSTRUCTION®ManualPrevious EditionsCopyright©1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2005,2007,2008,2009,2010ContentsSection01General Information ContentsPage Group000—SafetyWork In Ventilated Area...............................01-000-1 Recognize Safety Information.....................01-000-1 Work in Clean Area.....................................01-000-1 Dispose of Waste Properly..........................01-000-2 Avoid Harmful Asbestos Dust......................01-000-2 Handle Fuel Safely—Avoid Fires.................01-000-2 Prepare for Emergencies.............................01-000-3 Handle Starting Fluid Safely........................01-000-3 Handle Fluids Safely—AvoidFires.........................................................01-000-3 Avoid High-Pressure Fluids.........................01-000-4 Use Proper Lifting Equipment......................01-000-4 Illuminate Work Area Safely........................01-000-4 Live With Safety...........................................01-000-5 Service Machines Safely.............................01-000-5 Handle Chemical Products Safely................01-000-5 Protect Against Noise..................................01-000-6 Remove Paint Before Welding orHeating....................................................01-000-6 Stay Clear of Rotating Drivelines.................01-000-7 Service Cooling System Safely...................01-000-7 Follow Safety Instructions............................01-000-8 Use Proper Tools.........................................01-000-8 Construct Dealer-Made ToolsSafely.......................................................01-000-8 Practice Safe Maintenance..........................01-000-9 Understand Signal Words............................01-000-9 Replace Safety Signs................................01-000-10 Prevent Battery Explosions.......................01-000-10 Protect Against High PressureSpray.....................................................01-000-10 Avoid Heating Near PressurizedFluid Lines.............................................01-000-11 Wear Protective Clothing...........................01-000-11 Wait Before OpeningHigh-Pressure Fuel System...................01-000-11 Handle Agricultural ChemicalsSafely.....................................................01-000-12 Handling Batteries Safely..........................01-000-13 Install All Guards.......................................01-000-13 Avoid Hot Exhaust.....................................01-000-14 Group001—Engine Identification andApplication ChartsEngine Serial Number PlateInformation...............................................01-001-1 OEM Engine Option Code Label.................01-001-3 Information Relative to EmissionsRegulations..............................................01-001-3 Group002—Fuels,Lubricants and Coolants Diesel Fuel...................................................01-002-1 Diesel Fuel Additive Products......................01-002-1Page Biodiesel Fuel..............................................01-002-2 Minimizing the Effect of ColdWeather on Diesel Engines.....................01-002-4 Handling and Storing Diesel Fuel................01-002-5 Lubricity of Diesel Fuel................................01-002-5 Testing Diesel Fuel......................................01-002-5 Oil Information for Uncertified orTier1Engines..........................................01-002-5 Diesel Engine Oil.........................................01-002-6 Oil Information for Tier2Engines................01-002-6 Diesel Engine Oil.........................................01-002-7 Oil Information for Tier3Engines................01-002-7 Diesel Engine Oil.........................................01-002-8 Diesel Engine Break-In Oil..........................01-002-9 Oil Filters.....................................................01-002-9 Grease.......................................................01-002-10 Alternative and SyntheticLubricants..............................................01-002-10 Lubricant Storage......................................01-002-10 Mixing of Lubricants...................................01-002-11 Heavy Duty Diesel EngineCoolant..................................................01-002-11 Supplemental Coolant Additives................01-002-12 Operating in Warm TemperatureClimates.................................................01-002-12 Additional Information AboutDiesel Engine Coolants andJohn Deere LIQUID COOLANTCONDITIONER.....................................01-002-13 Diesel Engine Coolant...............................01-002-14 Testing Diesel Engine Coolant...................01-002-14 Drain Intervals for Diesel EngineCoolant..................................................01-002-15ContentsGroup 000SafetyDX,AIR -19-17FEB99-1/1DX,ALERT -19-29SEP98-1/1DX,CLEAN -19-04JUN90-1/1Work In Ventilated AreaEngine exhaust fumes can cause sickness or death.If it is necessary to run an engine in an enclosed area,remove the exhaust fumes from the area with an exhaust pipe extension.If you do not have an exhaust pipe extension,open the doors andget outside air into the area.T S 220—U N —23A U G 88Recognize Safety InformationThis is a safety-alert symbol.When you see this symbol on your machine or in this manual,be alert to the potential for personal injury.Followrecommended precautions and safe operating practices.T 81389—U N —07D E C 88Work in Clean AreaBefore starting a job:•Clean work area and machine.•Make sure you have all necessary tools to do your job.•Have the right parts on hand.•Read allinstructions thoroughly;do not attemptshortcuts.T 6642E J —U N —18O C T 88DX,DRAIN -19-03MAR93-1/1DX,DUST -19-15MAR91-1/1DX,FIRE1-19-12OCT11-1/1Dispose of Waste ProperlyImproperly disposing of waste can threaten theenvironment and ecology.Potentially harmful waste used with John Deere equipment include such items as oil,fuel,coolant,brake fluid,filters,and batteries.Use leakproof containers when draining fluids.Do not use food or beverage containers that may mislead someone into drinking from them.Do not pour waste onto the ground,down a drain,or into any water source.Air conditioning refrigerants escaping into the air can damage the Earth’s ernment regulations may require a certified air conditioning service center torecover and recycle used air conditioning refrigerants.T S 1133—U N —26N O V 90Inquire on the proper way to recycle or dispose of waste from your local environmental or recycling center,or from your John Deere dealer.Avoid Harmful Asbestos DustAvoid breathing dust that may be generated whenhandling components containing asbestos fibers.Inhaled asbestos fibers may cause lung cancer.Components in products that may contain asbestosfibers are brake pads,brake band and lining assemblies,clutch plates,and some gaskets.The asbestos used in these components is usually found in a resin or sealed in some way.Normal handling is not hazardous as long as airborne dust containing asbestos is not generated.Avoid creating dust.Never use compressed air for cleaning.Avoid brushing or grinding material containing asbestos.When servicing,wear an approved respirator.A special vacuum cleaner is recommended to clean asbestos.If not available,apply a mist of oilor water on the material containing asbestos.T S 220—U N —23A U G 88Keep bystanders away from the area.Handle Fuel Safely—Avoid FiresHandle fuel with care:it is highly flammable.Do not refuel the machine while smoking or when near open flame or sparks.Always stop engine before refueling machine.Fill fuel tank outdoors.Prevent fires by keeping machine clean of accumulated trash,grease,and debris.Always clean up spilled e only an approved fuel container for transporting flammable liquids.Never fill fuel container in pickup truck with plastic bed liner.Always place fuel container on ground beforerefueling.Touch fuel container with fuel dispenser nozzle before removing can lid.Keep fuel dispenser nozzle in contactwith fuel container inlet when filling.T S 202—U N —23A U G 88Do not store fuel container where there is an open flame,spark,or pilot light such as within a water heater or other appliance.DX,FIRE2-19-03MAR93-1/1DX,FIRE3-19-16APR92-1/1DX,FLAME -19-29SEP98-1/1Prepare for EmergenciesBe prepared if a fire starts.Keep a first aid kit and fire extinguisher handy.Keep emergency numbers for doctors,ambulance service,hospital,and fire department near your telephone.T S 291—U N —23A U G 88Handle Starting Fluid SafelyStarting fluid is highly flammable.Keep all sparks and flame away when using it.Keep starting fluid away from batteries and cables.To prevent accidental discharge when storing thepressurized can,keep the cap on the container,and store in a cool,protected location.Do not incinerateor puncture a starting fluid container.T S 1356—U N —18M A R 92Handle Fluids Safely—Avoid FiresWhen you work around fuel,do not smoke or work near heaters or other fire hazards.Store flammable fluids away from fire hazards.Do not incinerate or puncture pressurized containers.Make sure machine is clean of trash,grease,and debris.Do not store oilyrags;they can ignite and burn spontaneously.T S 227—U N —23A U G 88DX,FLUID -19-12OCT11-1/1DX,LIFT -19-04JUN90-1/1DX,LIGHT -19-04JUN90-1/1Avoid High-Pressure FluidsInspect hydraulic hoses periodically –at least once per year –for leakage,kinking,cuts,cracks,abrasion,blisters,corrosion,exposed wire braid or any other signs of wear or damage.Replace worn or damaged hose assemblies immediately with John Deere approved replacement parts.Escaping fluid under pressure can penetrate the skin causing serious injury.Avoid the hazard by relieving pressure before disconnecting hydraulic or other lines.Tighten all connections before applying pressure.Search for leaks with a piece of cardboard.Protect hands and body from high-pressure fluids.If an accident occurs,see a doctor immediately.Any fluid injected into the skin must be surgically removed within a fewhours or gangrene may result.Doctors unfamiliarX 9811—U N —23A U G 88with this type of injury should reference a knowledgeable medical source.Such information is available inEnglish from Deere &Company Medical Department in Moline,Illinois,U.S.A.,by calling 1-800-822-8262or +1309-748-5636.Use Proper Lifting EquipmentLifting heavy components incorrectly can cause severe injury or machine damage.Follow recommended procedure for removaland installation of components in the manual.T S 226—U N —23A U G 88Illuminate Work Area SafelyIlluminate your work area adequately but e a portable safety light for working inside or under the machine.Make sure the bulb is enclosed by a wire cage.The hot filament of an accidentally broken bulbcan ignite spilled fuel or oil.T S 223—U N —23A U G 88DX,LIVE -19-25SEP92-1/1DX,LOOSE -19-04JUN90-1/1DX,MSDS,NA -19-03MAR93-1/1Live With SafetyBefore returning machine to customer,make sure machine is functioning properly,especially thesafety systems.Install all guards and shields.T S 231—19—07O C T 88Service Machines SafelyTie long hair behind your head.Do not wear a necktie,scarf,loose clothing,or necklace when you work near machine tools or moving parts.If these items were to get caught,severe injury could result.Remove rings and other jewelry to preventelectrical shorts and entanglement in moving parts.T S 228—U N —23A U G 88Handle Chemical Products SafelyDirect exposure to hazardous chemicals can causeserious injury.Potentially hazardous chemicals used with John Deere equipment include such items as lubricants,coolants,paints,and adhesives.A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)provides specific details on chemical products:physical and health hazards,safety procedures,and emergency response techniques.Check the MSDS before you start any job using ahazardous chemical.That way you will know exactly what the risks are and how to do the job safely.Then follow procedures and recommended equipment.(See your John Deere dealer for MSDS’s onchemical products used with John Deere equipment.)T S 1132—U N —26N O V 90DX,NOISE -19-03MAR93-1/1DX,PAINT -19-24JUL02-1/1Protect Against NoiseProlonged exposure to loud noise can cause impairment or loss of hearing.Wear a suitable hearing protective device such asearmuffs or earplugs to protectagainst objectionable or uncomfortable loud noises.T S 207—U N —23A U G 88Remove Paint Before Welding or HeatingAvoid potentially toxic fumes and dust.Hazardous fumes can be generated when paint is heated by welding,soldering,or using a torch.Remove paint before heating:•Remove paint a minimum of 100mm (4in.)from area to be affected by heating.If paint cannot be removed,wear an approved respirator before heating or welding.•If you sand or grind paint,avoid breathing the dust.Wear an approved respirator.•If you use solvent or paint stripper,remove stripper with soap and water before welding.Remove solvent or paint stripper containers and other flammable material from area.Allow fumes to disperse at least 15minutes before welding or heating.Do not use a chlorinated solvent inareas where welding will take place.T S 220—U N —23A U G 88Do all work in an area that is well ventilated to carry toxic fumes and dust away.Dispose of paint and solvent properly.。

basic training

要素按结构性能分：单一要素 Individual Feature — 具有形状公差要求的要素。关联要素
2.5 ± 0.2
0.1
A
A
0.02
单一要素关联要素 Related Feature — 与其它要素具有功能关系的要素。功能关系是指要素间某种确定的方向和位置关系，如垂直、平行、同轴、对称等。也即具有位置公差要求的要素。
内容
• 正态分布 Normal Distribution • PATAC的GD&T标准及背景 • GD&T 的主要概念 • 基准 Datum • 公差 Tolerance –面轮廓度 Surface Profile –位置度 Position • 一些原则 –最大实体 MMC –独立原则 RFS • PATAC产品图纸讲述 • 练习考试
练习
Data 4.84 2.49 2.53 4.23 2.29 1.66 1.16 4.91 0.50 3.20
mean= STD= 6STD=
2.78 1.51 9.06
正态分布的统计图绘制方法 SPC？
小结
• 正态分布是汽车零部件公差分布普遍遵循的分布规律 • 产品设计中的公差定义遵循正态分布 • 产品设计中应用的一维，三维偏差分析假定公差遵循正态分布 • 均值漂移有可能零件在公差范围内，但与其它零件的匹配却不好
• 形位公差 Geometric Tolerance
与一个零件的个别特征有关的公差，如：形状、轮廓、定向、定位、跳动
要素的分类
• 按存在的状态分： • 按结构的形式分： • 按所处的地位分： • 按与尺寸的关系分： • 按结构性能分：
实际要素、理想要素轮廓要素、中心（导出）要素被测要素、基准要素尺寸要素、非尺寸要素单一要素、关联要素

Bomag BW 100 AD AC Service Training说明书

Service TrainingBW 100 AD/AC Series 4BW 120 AD/AC Series 4P/N 008 099 86STATUS: 03/2004Bomag Bw100 120 Service TrainingFull download: /download/bomag-bw100-120-service-training/Service Training Table of contentsForeword A 1List of additional documentation A 2General A 3Maintenance A 4List of components B 1Kubota diesel engine C 1View of engine C 2Pump installation on diesel engine C 3View of diesel engine, flywheel side C 4Tests and adjustments C 5Adjusting the valve clearance C 6Trouble Shooting C 8Travel system D 1Travel pump D 3Travel pump control D 7Charge pressure relief valve D 9High pressure relief valves D 10Drum drive motor D 12Wheel drive motors on AC-machines D 16Trouble shooting travel system D 17Insufficient travel power D 28The machine moves with the travel lever in “Neutral” D 30Vibration E 1Vibration pump E 3Vibration control valve E 4Vibration motor E 5Trouble shooting vibration E 6Steering F 1Steering valve F 3Trouble shooting steering F 5Electric circuit diagrams G 1Table of contents G 1Function groups G 2Reference lines, frames G 3Potential cross references G 4Relay cross references G 5List of components G 5Electric system G 6ForewordIn 2004 the tandem vibratory rollers of product range BW 100 AD/AC4 and BW 120 AD/AC4 were launched in the market for the first time.They are a further development of the old BW 100/120AD/AC of generation 3, which already were a great sales success.The contents of this training shall enable the service engineer to perform adjustments and trouble shooting as well as all necessary repair work in a professional manner. The owner of the machine should recognize that the service engineer is fully familiar with the machine. He should realize that the service engineer applies the correct measures to detect a possible fault on a machine and that all repair measures are performed with skill and knowledge.Persons participating on this training course should be confident when having to work on this machine.DocumentationFor the BOMAG machines described in this training manual the following documentation is additionally available:Attention!The currently valid part numbers for the documents can be taken from the Doclist or the Customer Service page in the BOMAG Intranet or Extranet (BOMAG Secured Area) in accordance with the serial number of the machine.1. Operating and maintenance instructions2. Spare parts catalogue3. Wiring diagram*4. Hydraulic diagram*5. Repair instructions6. Service Information* The document versions valid at the date of printing are part of this training manual.GeneralMachines of product range BW 100/120 AD/AC-4 are tandem vibratory rollers or combination rollers for compaction work in road construction. They are most suitable for the compaction of bituminous materials as well as light compaction tasks in earthwork. Compaction is achieved by the vibration of both drums or the vibration of the drum and the static load of the rubber tires. The power output from the water cooled Kubota diesel engine is transferred to drums or wheels (travel and vibration systems) and to the steering via the hydrostatic drive systems of the machine. This type of power transmission ensures lowest possible efficiency losses.Both drums of the BW 100/120 AD-4 are fitted with both travel motors as well as vibration motors. The motors for the respective drive systems are always arranged on one side of the machine. Since it is beneficial for many applications (e.g. when laying asphalt layers) to work with one vibrating and one static drum, the machine is equipped with a vibration shut-off valve for the rear drum.On machines of type BW 100/120 AC-4 the wheel set is driven by two travel motors. This roller combines the high compaction power of a vibration drum with the excellent surface sealing effect of rubber tires in one machine. This machine obviously achieves considerable savings in costs when compared with a pure vibratory or pneumatic tired roller.The standard equipment of the machine includes a gravity sprinkler system. A pressure sprinkler system is optionally available on request. In connection with the scrapers the water sprinkler system avoids picking up of material by the drums.On the AC-machines a pressure sprinkler system prevents sticking of dirt and bitumen to the rubber tires. For this purpose the tires are sprayed with emulsion.Front and rear frames of the machine are joined by an oscillating articulated joint. The amply dimensioned oscillation angle makes sure that the drums always have ground contact over the entire width.Both travel motors are fitted with integrated brakes working as parking brakes. Depending on the position of the brake solenoid valve these brakes are released by charge pressure when starting the engine and applied when shutting the engine down.MaintenanceThe tandem/combination rollers of series BW 100/120 AD/AC-4 are high performance machines for the extremely difficult use in asphalt compaction and earth work. To be able to meet these demands the machine must always be ready to be loaded up to its limits. Apart from that, all safety installations must always be fully functional when working under the partly very dangerous conditions on a construction site.Thorough maintenance of the machine is therefore mandatory. This not only guarantees a remarkably higher functional safety, but also prolongs the lifetime of the machine and of important components.The time required for thorough maintenance is only minor when being compared with the malfunctions and faults that may occur if these instructions are not observed.The maintenance intervals are given in operating hours. It is quite obvious that with each maintenance interval all the work for shorter preceding intervals must also be performed. During the 2000 hour interval you must also perform the maintenance work for the 500 and 1000 hour intervals.It should also be clear, that with the 2500 hours interval only the work for the 10 and 500 hour intervals must be performed.For maintenance work you must only use the fuels and lubricants mentioned in the table of fuels and lubricants (oils, fuels, grease etc.).List of componentsBW 100/120 AD/AC-4 EngineManufacturer KubotaType D 1703 MDICooling WaterWorking cycles4Number of cylinders3Power DIN 6271 IFN/SAEat 2700 rpm kW25,2Fixed engine speed rpm2250Stage 1Fixed engine speed rpm2700Stage 2Valve clearance I/E mm0,20/0,20Travel pumpManufacturer HydromatikType A10 VG 28System Axial piston Displacement cm³/rev.28High pressure limitation bar380Charge pressure bar24Speed rpm2700Max. flow capacity l/min73BW 100/120 AD/AC-4Travel motor (drums)Manufacturer PoclainType MK 04Number2System Radial piston motor Displacement cm³/rev.408Brake yesBW 100/120 AC-4Travel motor (wheels)Manufacturer PoclainType MSE 02Number2System Radial piston motor Displacement cm³/rev.255Brake yesBW 100/120 AD/AC-4 Vibration pumpManufacturer BoschType HYZ 11System GearDisplacement cm³/rev.11Starting pressure bar210Operating pressure bar100 +/-60 bar (soil dependent)Vibration motorManufacturer Bosch8Type HYZ System GearDisplacement cm³/rev.8Frequency stage 1Hz55Frequency stage 2Hz70Amplitude mm0.5Steering pumpManufacturer Bosch8Type HYZ System GearDisplacement cm³/rev.8max. steering pressure bar140 +/-30 barSteering valveManufacturer DanfossType OSPC 80 ONSystem Rotary valveService Training Kubota diesel engine 1703 MDIThe tandem vibratory rollers of series BW 100/120 AD/AC-4 are powered by a water cooled 3-cylinder Kubota diesel engine type 1703 MDI.The engine is an upright water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine.Cross-section of diesel engineService TrainingView of engine :Pos. 1Engine temperature switch Pos. 2Connection glow plug Pos. 3Oil dipstickPos. 4Injection nozzles1324Bomag Bw100 120 Service TrainingFull download: /download/bomag-bw100-120-service-training/。

SEAL Training

Patches loading procedure
Type of patches : MANDATORY / SPECIFIC / INFORMATION Patch setting up :
.txt or .pdf : Readme file explaning the patch purposes and download explanations. .ins : Installation file. Double clicking on it, launches the installation procedure .gz : Tared and compressed file containing all modified files .exe : Dos file containing the modified files for the SST system
Using a FTP software : Host : Login : Password : customer serc2000
Using Internet Explorer : Address : ftp://cuCourse
•INSTALLATION
•ON BOARD EQUIPMENT
•DECK EQUIPMENT •IN SEA EQUIPMENT
CMXL
CMXL is made of: 408XL -LCI board -LMP board -APPS4 board PRM
Processing Remote Module
• installed on the HCI workstation or on a separate workstation • Used to format the data into SegD • Export to Storage devices • Hardware & Software compatibilities:

226B柴油机培训教材(中英文)

226B series diesel engines are in-line, four strokes, water-cooled, direct-injection, ω combustion chamber. The stroke is 120mm, and displacement for each cylinder is 1.04L. According to air intake method, they can be divided into aspirated, turbocharged, turbocharged and intercooled these three models. There are 3, 4, and 6 cylinders for different models. They have the advantages of high reliability, excellent economical index, low emission, good starting performance when it’s cold, easy operation, and convenient maintenance. The speed range of 226B series diesel engines is 1500 ～ 2500r/min, and the power range is 30 ～ 176kW. The engines are mainly used in marines, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, truck, coach, city bus, gen-sets, and other fixed power.
•

服装英语技能培训资料

服装英语技能培训资料Clothing skills training is designed to equip individuals with the knowledge and expertise needed to succeed in the fashion industry. This training covers a wide range of topics, including garment construction, fabric knowledge, fashion history, and trend analysis. By mastering these skills, participants will have a better understanding of how clothing is made, how it fits and drapes on the body, and how to create looks that are both fashionable and functional.One of the key skills that are taught in clothing skills training is garment construction. This involves learning how to sew, pattern making, and understanding the different types of stitches and seams. Knowing how to construct a garment is essential for anyone who wants to work in the fashion industry, as it provides the foundation for creating well-made, high-quality pieces. Additionally, garment construction skills are also important for anyone who wants to start their own clothing line or work as a freelance designer.Another important aspect of clothing skills training is fabric knowledge. Participants will learn about different types of fabrics, their properties, and how they can be used in garment construction. Understanding fabric is crucial for anyone who works in the fashion industry, as it allows them to make informed decisions about which fabrics to use for different designs. Additionally, fabric knowledge also helps in understanding how clothing will behave and how it will look on the body, which is essential for creating successful designs. Furthermore, fashion history and trend analysis are also key components of clothing skills training. Participants will learn about the history of fashion, including major fashion movements and designers, as well as how to analyze current fashion trends. This knowledge is crucial for anyone who wants to work in the fashion industry, as it allows them to understand the evolution of fashion and predict future trends. By staying educated and informed about fashion history and current trends, individuals will be able to create designs that are both contemporary and timeless.In addition to these key skills, clothing skills training also covers a range of practical skills, such as styling, visual merchandising, and digital design tools. These practical skills are essential for anyone who wants to work in the fashion industry, as they are often used in day-to-day tasks. For example, stylists need to know how to put together looks and outfits that are both flattering and fashion-forward, while fashion retailers need to understand how to effectively display and market their clothing in a retail setting. Similarly, digital design tools are now a crucial aspect of the fashion industry, as they are used for creating digital designs, patterns, and mock-ups.Overall, clothing skills training is essential for anyone who wants to work in the fashion industry. By mastering the key skills of garment construction, fabric knowledge, fashion history, and practical skills, participants will be well-equipped to excel in the industry. Whether they want to work as a fashion designer, stylist, or fashion retailer, having a strong foundation in clothing skills will open up numerous opportunities and pave the way for asuccessful career in the fashion industry.Clothing Skills Training: Mastering the Art of FashionIn today's fast-paced fashion industry, having strong clothing skills is essential for success. The industry is constantly evolving, and those who are equipped with the right knowledge and expertise are better positioned to excel. Whether you are a fashion designer, stylist, or aspiring fashion entrepreneur, investing in clothing skills training can be a game-changer for your career.Garment Construction: The Foundation of FashionGarment construction is the cornerstone of clothing skills training. Understanding how to bring a design concept to life through the art of construction is vital for anyone involved in the creation of clothing. From mastering the art of pattern-making to honing sewing and stitching techniques, a comprehensive garment construction skill set is indispensable.A firm grasp of garment construction not only allows designers to translate their ideas into tangible garments, but it also fosters an appreciation for the craftsmanship and artistry involved in creating high-quality pieces. Moreover, for aspiring designers looking to build their own fashion label, a solid understanding of garment construction forms the bedrock of their creative vision and brand identity.Fabric Knowledge: The Language of TextilesFabric knowledge forms another pivotal component of clothing skills training. Understanding the myriad of textiles, from natural to synthetic fibers, their properties, textures, and drape is crucial for making informed decisions in the design and production process. Knowledge of fabrics enables designers to select the right materials for their designs, taking into consideration factors such as durability, breathability, and the desired aesthetic.Moreover, a deep understanding of fabric empowers fashion professionals to innovate and push boundaries. Whether it's experimenting with sustainable fabrics or pioneering new blends, fabric knowledge is the gateway to pushing the envelope in fashion design.Fashion History and Trend Analysis: Navigating the ZeitgeistFashion does not exist in a vacuum. It is deeply rooted in history and constantly influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors. Clothing skills training delves into fashion history, from iconic movements to influential designers, providing a rich tapestry of knowledge that fuels creativity and innovation.Moreover, trend analysis is a vital skill honed through training. Being able to interpret and forecast fashion trends is invaluable for staying ahead in the industry. Understanding the ebb and flow of trends equips designers, stylists, and retailers with the foresight to create and curate collections that resonate with consumers.Practical Skills for the Modern Fashion ProfessionalIn addition to the creative aspects, clothing skills training also encompasses practical skills vital for navigating the modern fashion landscape. Stylists, for instance, are taught the art of assembling cohesive looks that highlight the best aspects of a garment while reflecting the client's style. This goes hand in hand with visual merchandising, where fashion retailers learn to create captivating displays that entice customers and effectively showcase their offerings.As the industry adapts to the digital age, proficiency in digital design tools is indispensable. From CAD software for creating precise patterns to graphic design tools for visual presentations, mastering digital tools is an essential part of clothing skills training in today's fashion industry.The Impact of Clothing Skills TrainingEquipped with a comprehensive understanding of garment construction, fabric knowledge, fashion history, trend analysis, and practical skills, individuals undergoing clothing skills training are primed for success in the competitive world of fashion.For aspiring designers, these skills lay the groundwork for creating collections that are not only visually striking but also structurally sound. They are empowered to push creative boundaries, knowing the technical intricacies of bringing their designs to life.Stylists armed with clothing skills training are able to construct compelling visual stories, infusing their work with a deep understanding of fashion history and trend analysis. This enriches their ability to curate looks that capture the zeitgeist while offering a nod to fashion's illustrious past.Fashion retailers benefit immensely from clothing skills training as well. Armed with a solid foundation in garment construction and fabric knowledge, they are better equipped to assess the quality of the pieces they carry and make informed decisions in their purchasing. Moreover, their proficiency in visual merchandising and digital design tools allows them to create captivating displays and online experiences, driving engagement and sales.The Future of Fashion and Clothing SkillsAs the fashion industry continues to evolve, the value of clothing skills training is set to become even more pronounced. With a growing emphasis on sustainability, ethical production, and technological advancements, professionals armed with a strong skill set will be at the forefront of shaping the industry's future.Furthermore, the integration of digital tools and processes into fashion design and retail makes it imperative for individuals to be well-versed in these aspects. Clothing skills training that incorporates digital design tools ensures that professionals are equipped to navigate the digital landscape of fashion seamlessly.In conclusion, clothing skills training is the bedrock upon which successful fashion careers are built. By mastering the art of garment construction, delving into fabric knowledge, embracing fashion history and trend analysis, and honing practical skills, individuals are empowered to make a lasting impact in the dynamic world of fashion. Whether aspiring to be a renowned designer, a sought-after stylist, or an innovative fashion entrepreneur, clothing skills training paves the way for a fulfilling and successful career in the constantly evolving realm of fashion.。

杰倫斯商业生成集X3.3系列发动机 30 kVA - 38 kVA @ 50 Hz 27 kW -

Diesel Generator set X3.3 series engineDescriptionThis Cummins®Power Generation commercial generator set is a fully integrated power generation system, providing optimum performance, reliability and versatility for stationery standby, prime power, and continuous duty applications.This generator set is available with CEcertification.All enclosed products are designed to meetor exceed EU noise legislation 2000/14/ECstep 2006.This generator set has been designed tomeet or exceed ISO8528 regulation.This generator set is designed in facilitiescertified to ISO9001 and manufactured infacilities certified to ISO9001 or ISO9002.FeaturesCummins engine- Rugged 4-cycle delivers reliable power, and fast response to load changes.Alternator- Several alternator sizes offer selectable motor starting capability with low reactance 2/3 pitch windings, low waveform distortion with non-linear loads and fault clearing short-circuit capability.Control system- The PowerCommand®1.1 electronic control is standard equipment and provides total Genset system integration, including automatic remotestarting/stopping, alarm and status message display.Cooling system- Standard integral set-mounted radiator system, designed and tested for rated ambient temperatures, simplifies facility design requirements for rejected heat.Enclosure- Optional weather protective and sound attenuated enclosure is available.Fuel tank- In-skid, fuel tank of 175 litre capacity and provided with 110% Fluid Retention capability.Warranty and service- Backed by a comprehensive warranty and worldwide distributor network.Extended Oil Change Interval- The standard oil change intervals of 500 hours (using CES 20071, CES 20076) ensures lower operating costs for products in prime applications.3-Phase Ratings1-Phase Ratings** 1.0 PF Our energy working for you.™2000/14/ECISO8528Generator Set SpecificationsGovernor regulation classISO8528 Part 1 Class G2Voltage regulation, no load to full load ± 1%Random voltage variation ± 1%Frequency regulationDroopRandom frequency variation± 0.25%Engine SpecificationsDesign 4 cycle, In-line, naturally aspirated Bore 91.7mm (3.6 in.)Stroke127mm (5.3 in.)Displacement 3.3 litre (201 in.)Cylinder block Alloy Cast iron, In-line 4 cylinder Battery capacity88 Ampere-Hour Battery charger alternator 36 amps.Starting voltage 12 volt, negative groundFuel system Direct injection: Number 2 diesel fuelFuel FilterSingle element, Spin-on fuel cum Water Separator, Filtration efficiency 25 micron 99% (min), Water separation efficiency 90% (min)Air cleaner tape Dry replaceable elementLube oil filter type(s)Spin on full flow filter, Filtration efficiency 25 micron 99% (min)Standard cooling system122˚F (50˚C) ambient radiator with coolant Recovery SystemAlternator SpecificationsDesign Brushless, 4 pole, revolving field Stator 2/3 pitchRotorSingle bearing, flexible disc Insulation systemClass HStandard temperature rise 163˚C standby @ 27˚C ambientExciter typeTorque match (shunt) standard, EBS optional EBS (Excitation Boost System)Phase rotation A (U), B (V), C (W)Alternator coolingDirect drive centrifugal blower fanAC waveform total harmonic distortion < 5% no load to full linear load, < 3% for any single harmonic Telephone influence factor (TIF)< 50 per NEMA MG1-22.43Telephone harmonic factor (THF)< 3Available Voltages50 Hz line-neutral/line-line)50 Hz single phase60 Hz line-neutral/line-line 60 Hz single phase • 230/400(STD)• 240/416• 220• 127/220(STD)• 120/208 • 220• 220/380• 127/220• 230• 133/230• 138/240• 230• 138/240• 254/440• 240• 220/380• 240/416• 240• 120/208• 133/230• 255/440• 277/480• 265/460Our energy working for you.™Generator Set OptionsEngine• 120/240 Volt coolant heater Exhaust system• Standard Residential grade exhaust silencerControl panel • Shunt Trip• Auxiliary Contacts • Earth Fault RelayAlternator• 105˚C Temp Rise Alternator • 125˚C Temp Rise Alternator • 150˚C Temp Rise Alternator • EBS (Excitation Boost System)• 120/240 V , 25 W, anti-condensation heaterGenerator set• Heavy Duty Air Cleaner • Electronic Governing • Battery Charger• 1500/3000 hours Maintenance KitThe PowerCommand®1.1 - Generator Set Control• The PowerCommand®1.1 control is a microprocessor-based generator set monitoring control system. The control provides a simple operator interface to the generator set, digital voltage regulation, digital engine speed governing, start / stop control, and protective functions.• The PowerCommand®1.1 generator set control is suitable for use on a wide range of generator sets in non-paralleling applications.• The PowerCommand Control can be configured for any frequency, voltage and power configuration from 120 to 600 VAC for 50 Hz or 60 Hz operation.• Power for the control is derived from the generator set starting batteries. The control functions over a voltage range from 8 VDC to 35 VDC.Major Features• 12 or 24 VDC Battery Operation• Digital Engine Speed Governing (optional) to provide isochronous frequency regulation.• Digital Voltage Regulation full wave rectified single phase (line to line) sensing.• Generator Set Monitoring. Monitors status of all critical engine and alternator conditions functions.• Engine Starting includes relay drivers for start, fuel shut off (FSO), and glow plug.• Configurable Inputs and Outputs. Two discrete inputs and two dry contact relay outputs.• Generator Set Monitoring: Displays status of all critical engine & alternator generator set functions.• Smart Starting Control System: Integrated fuel ramping to limit black smoke & frequency overshoot.• Advanced Serviceability using INPOWER.Control SystemIncludes all functions to locally or remotely start and stop, and protect the generator set.Control Switch - RUN/OFF/AUTOOFF Mode - the generator set is shut down & cannot be started; as well as resets faults.RUN mode - the generator set will execute its startsequence.AUTO mode - the generator set can be started with a start signal from a remote device.Status IndicationsThe control has a lamp driver for external fault/status indication. Functions include:• The lamp flashes during preheat (when used) and while the generator set is starting.• READY TO LOAD - flashing until the set is at rated voltage and frequency, then on continuously.• Fault conditions are displayed by flashing a two-digit fault code number.LED Indicating Lamps- includes LED indicating lamps for the following functions;Not in AutoRemote StartWarningShutdownAutoRunRemote Emergency Stop Switch Input. Immediate shut down of the generator set on operation.Base Engine Protection-Low Oil Pressure ShutdownHigh Engine Temperature ShutdownUnderspeed/Sensor Fail ShutdownFail to StartBattery Charging Alternator Fail WarningOptionsDigital Engine Speed Governing to provide isochronous frequency regulation.Our energy working for you.™Ratings DefinitionsEmergency Standby Power (ESP):Applicable for supplying power to varying electrical load for the duration of power interruption of a reliable utility source. Emergency Standby Power (ESP) is in accordance with ISO 8528. Fuel Stop power inaccordance with ISO 3046, AS 2789, DIN 6271 and BS 5514.Limited-Time Running Power (L TP):Applicable for supplying power to a constant electrical load for limited hours. Limited-Time Running Power (LTP)is in accordance with ISO 8528.Prime Power (PRP):Applicable for supplying power to varying electrical load for unlimited hours. Prime Power (PRP) is in accordance with ISO 8528. Ten percent overload capability is available in accordance with ISO 3046, AS 2789, DIN 6271 and BS 5514.Base Load (Continuous) Power (COP):Applicable for supplying power continuously to aconstant electrical load for unlimited hours. Continuous Power (COP) in accordance with ISO 8528, ISO 3046, AS 2789, DIN6271 and BS 5514.OpenEnclosedA B C Dry Wt.A B C Dry Wt.Model mm/Inch mm/Inch mm/Inch kg/lbs mm/Inch mm/Inch mm/Inch kg/lbs C33 D51753/70930/371250/50710/15622242/89967/381513/601070/2354C38 D51753/70930/371250/50745/16392242/89967/381513/601105/2431C30 D61753/70930/371250/50710/15622242/89967/381513/601070/2354C35 D61753/70930/371250/50745/16392242/89967/381513/601105/2431Note: Weights represent a set with standard featuresOpenEnclosedThis outline drawing is to provide representative configuration details for Model series only.See respective model data sheet for specific model outline drawing number.Do not use for installation design.Cummins Power Generation Americas1400 73rd Avenue N.E.Minneapolis, MN 55432 USA Phone 763 574 5000Fax 763 574 5298Asia Pacific10 Toh Guan Road #07-01TT International Tradepark Singapore 608838Phone 65 6417 2388Fax 65 6417 2399Europe, CIS, Middle East and Africa Manston Park Columbus Ave Manston RamsgateKent CT12 5BF United Kingdom Phone 44 1843 255000Fax 44 1843 255902Our energy working for you.™。

Diesel Generator Installation Checklist说明书

Installation ChecklistThis document is to help guide Clifford Power customers through the installation of a Generator and Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). Throughout this document you will find links to our website providing more details on each topic. At any point of the process if you have questions feel free to reach out to us at1-800-324-0066 orStep 1: Obtain the appropriate information and get it in the right handsStep 2: Preparing the site for equipment∙Review dimensions and weight of Generator. refer to Submittal Drawing∙Determine stub up locations for electrical. refer to Submittal Drawing∙Determine foundation and mounting requirements. refer to section 3 of the Generac Installation Manual-For Indoor installations onlyo Review air flow considerations. refer to section 4 of the GeneracInstallation Manual▪Review specific air flow requirements for Generator. refer tocooling section of Spec Sheet▪Review engine exhaust system installation considerations. referto section 5 of the Generac Installation Manual▪Review specific engine exhaust requirements for Generator.refer to exhaust flow and temperature requirements section ofSpec SheetInstallation ChecklistStep 3: Receiving the equipment∙Prepare to offload the unit. refer to lifting guidelines section 2.4 of the Generac Installation Manual∙Inspect the equipment for freight damage. (Must document damage on bill of lading, take pictures of damaged area, and notify Clifford Power)∙Secure generator keys located on one of the external door latches.∙Secure the generator Owner’s Manuals located in the low voltageconnection box below the control panel.∙Secure any additional lose accessories or accessories boxed inside the enclosure.Step 4: Installing the equipment∙Review mounting guidelines refer to section 3.2 of the Generac Installation Manual∙Make the appropriate High Voltage connections. refer to section 8.4 of the Generac Installation Manualo Run main output wire from Gen MLCB lugs to Emergency lugs inATS. Confirm lugs on equipment or lug sizing is available upon request o Provide power from an Emergency circuit to the Block Heater and Battery Charger circuit.▪Determine the size of circuit needed for block heater.refer to Clifford Power proposal or view tags on heaters to obtain V & W▪The battery charger circuit requires at least a 5A 120V circuit.∙Make the appropriate Low Voltage connections. refer to section 8.6 of the Generac Installation Manual or refer to H-Panel Control Interconnections drawing o Run 2-wire start circuit between GEN and each ATS. 2-strandedwires min of 14gao Run ATS position indication circuit between GEN and Primary ATS.3-stranded wires min of 14gao If equipped with a Remote Annunciator run power andcommunications. 2-stranded wires min of 14ga and 1-Belden #9460communications cableo Note: 2-wire start, communications wire, and alarm wiring needs to be in a separate conduit with only low voltage wires.o Note: Use Belden #9460 for any RS-485 communications wiring.o Note: Do not connect the battery or energize auxiliary circuits until commissioning technician arrives.Diesel GeneratorInstallation Checklist-Diesel Fuel Systemso Coordinate fuel delivery of a winter blend Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel to fill tank to no less than 30% and no more than 95% beforecommissioning date.o For day tank systems. refer to section 7.4 in the Generac Installation Manualo Example drawing provided on the following page:Diesel GeneratorInstallation ChecklistStep 5: Commissioning the equipment∙ Complete the pre-startup checklist and return it to Clifford Power. see pages 6 & 7 or make contact with Clifford Power Sales Rep.∙Clifford Power will contact you to schedule a start-up date.∙ Customer orientation should be scheduled at time of start-up.∙ A full system test will be required to complete the commissioning of the system. This will require a simulated power outage from the Utility source feed into the transfer switch.o If the ATS is service entrance rated, meaning it’s the only means of utility disconnect, a Utility technician will be required to open Utilityfeed.∙Your warranty coverage starts the date of commissioning. refer to the Owners Manual located in the voltage connection panel for details.Step 6: Maintaining the equipment∙ Obtain a Planned Maintenance Agreement from Clifford Power. This ensures that your equipment warranty stays valid and gives you the peace of mind that the equipment will operate as designed when you need it.Contact one of our local Service Sales representatives for pricing.。

Diesel Powered Firefighter 模型数字说明书

P R O D U C TD E S C R I P T I O NRugged, economical single and twin impeller self priming pumps. These units are driven by either a Yanmar L70or Yanmar L100 diesel engine.A P P L I C AT I O N S•Firefighting •Tank filling •Irrigation•Garden watering •Water transfer •Crop sprayingO P E R AT I N G L I M I T SFlows to800lpm Maximum total heads 92m Maximum suction lift 7m Maximum water temperature 50o C Minimum water temperature 1o C Minimum suction pipe size L7011/2”L1002”Suction pipe strainer Required Inlet size L7011/2”BSP(M)L1002”BSP(M)Outlet sizesL70 2 x 11/2”BSP(M)2 x 1”BSP(M)L1001 x 2”BSP(M)2 x 1”BSP(M) &Priming Port 1 x 11/2”BSP(M)* at 3000rpmSELF PRIMING PUMPSF E AT U R E S & B E N E F I T SAll models (except 5110YE) feature patented clamped impeller design to enable longer impeller life, improved performance and easier disassembly in the case of blockage.Model 5110YE feature heavy duty sand cast impellers.Thrust balanced impeller design to extend engine life.Pump casing, diffusers and impellers manufactured from quality corrosion resistant marine grade aluminium for long life.4 way discharge port for L70equipped models and 3 waydischarge for L100 equipped models providing easy installation with a choice of plumbing sizes.Epoxy coated pump casing, exterior and interior, for added corrosion resistance.Patented floating impeller neckrings front and back. The front neckring helps improve pumping efficiency, the back neckring helps extend seal lifeSelf priming from up to 6m* for more versatile installation rge priming and drain port with bayonet fit plugs. Plugs have safety retention system, plus are available with 1/4” tapping to accept pressure gauges or drain cocks.All engines feature cast iron cylinder bore for long life.Electric start models have electric starter (battery, battery mount and leads required) and recoil starter fitted, ensures a choice of starting methods, even if the battery is flat or removed.Viton seal and oring kit available for herbicide/insecticide spraying.Attractive baked enamel roll frame with anti-vibration mounts for ease of transportation and installation.Electric Start models •Battery not included•Minimum 12 volt battery required :-L70A/E: 24-36AH L100A/E: 36-45AH517051705270Y&5270Y E H Y D R A U L I C P E R F O R M A N C E- 2 -51105210Y E H Y D R A U L I C P E R F O R M A N C E- 3 -M AT E R I A L S O F C O N S T R U C T I O NPA R TM AT E R I A LDavey Water Products Pty LtdMember of the GUD GroupABN 18 066 327 517Head Office and Manufacturing 6 Lakeview Drive,Scoresby, Australia 3179Ph:+61 3 9730 9222Fax:+61 3 9753 4100Website:.auCustomer Service Centre Ph:1300 367 866Fax:1300 369 119E-mail:***************.au Interstate OfficesSydney • Brisbane • Adelaide Perth • TownsvilleInternational 6 Lakeview Drive,Scoresby, Australia 3179Ph:+61 3 9730 9121Fax:+61 3 9753 4248E-mail:****************.au GermanyKantstrasse 53,04275 Leipzig Ph:+49 341 301 0412Fax:+49 341 301 0413E-mail:**********************New Zealand7 Rockridge Avenue,Penrose, Auckland 1330Ph:+64 9 570 9135Fax:+64 9 527 7654Website:E-mail:****************.nz USA - Davey Pumps Inc.1005 N. Commons Drive Aurora, Illinois 60504Ph:+1 630 898 6976Fax:+1 630 851 7744Website:E-mail:******************This literature is not a complete guide to product usage. Further information is available from your Davey dealer, Davey Customer Service Centre and from the relevant product Installation and Operating Instructions. This data sheet must be read in conjunction with the relevant product Installation and Operating Instructions and all applicable statutory requirements. Product specifications may change without notice.® Davey and Firefighter are registered trademarks of Davey Water Products Pty Ltd. © Davey Water Products Pty Ltd 2004.D960-2a/0308/WEB supersedes D960-2/3K/0607/SCSuction cover Diffuser ImpellerCasing / yoke Mechanical seal 4 way discharge Casing bolts Yoke boltsFlap valve / seal ringNeck ring, priming & drain plugCasing, priming & drain plug oringDischarge gasket Paint finishMarine grade aluminium (AS605)Marine grade aluminium (AS605)Marine grade aluminium (AS605)Marine grade aluminium (AS605)Carbon / ceramicMarine grade aluminium (AS605)Zinc plated steel Stainless steelZinc body, Hytrel seal Glass filled Nylon Nitrile rubberHytrelBaked polyester powder coatE N G I N E S P E C IF I C AT I O N SPump Models 5170Y/YE &5110YE &5270Y/YE5210YEEngine Brand YanmarEngine Model L70A/EL100AE Engine Type DieselDisplacement (cc)296406Fuel Tank (litres) 3.5 5.5Oil Capacity (litres) 1.1 1.65Compression Ratio 19.5:119.3:1Air Filter Type Dry ElementSpark ArrestorNOApprox. fuel consumption @ full load @ 3600 rpm 1.6 l/hr 2.5 l/hr dBa @ 7m @ 3600 rpm @ full load80.582.5H Y D R A U L I C P E R F O R M A N C EAll Davey Diesel models are set with governors at 3000rpm “out of box” speed. At this speed the pump will not overload the engine under a variety of continuous pumping conditions, such as:-Pumping fresh waterAmbient temperature up to 40o C Humidity up to 50%Altitude up to 200 metres above sea levelPumping fresh waterAmbient temperature up to 30o C Humidity up to 70%Altitude up to 400 metres above sea levelThe performance curves below indicate the safe continuous pumping limits (solid curve) at a variety of speeds. The intermittent duty performance (dotted curve) is applicable ONLY for short periods.Self priming pumps work best when operated at higher speeds.The Yanmar diesel engines are set at 3000rpm “out of box”. They may be adjusted to 3600rpm, but care must be taken regardingoverloading at this speed. In normal operating conditions, where the pump is able to evacuate the air properly, the self priming times through a 40mm suction hose will be:-S E L F P R I M I N G P E R F O R M A N C EDepth (metres)Speed (rpm)Time (seconds)1300030136002023000902360050330001103360080These Diesel powered pumps are intended for portableapplications. The use of long range fuel tanks is discouraged,since proper maintenance schedules are unlikely to be followed when such tanks are installed.Care must be taken to ensure the operator is fully briefed on safe operation of these pump units, especially in regards to the daily engine maintenance requirements.。

6BT 6BTA Cummins 5.9L Diesel引擎维修配件说明书

(1)Use 331149 For +.010 or 331151 For +.020 (2)Oversize Front Bushing (58MM OD) CU-359-Q (4)Cam Plug Kit: 7311379/1/2010APPLICATION: Power Unit: Case-IH 6591T/TA;Tractor: AGCO RT95, RT115, RT130;Sprayer: Patriot 3150;QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 934181 In-Frame Kit I1 935181 Out-of-Frame Kit (Dry Clutch Housing) O6 131179 STD Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings) O I 6 131181 0.50 MM Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)6 131182 1.00 MM Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)6 131167 Piston Pin (3.255" OAL)6 131149 Repair Liner (4.118" OD / 7.875" OAL)6 131183 STD Piston Ring Set 6 131184 0.50 MM Piston Ring Set6 131229 0.75 MM Piston Ring Set6 131185 1.00 MM Piston Ring Set6 231163 STD Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231164 0.25MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231165 0.50MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231166 0.75MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231167 1.00MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods1 231145 STD Main Bearing Set O I 1 231146 0.25MM Main Bearing Set1 231147 0.50MM Main Bearing Set1 231148 0.75MM Main Bearing Set1 231149 1.00MM Main Bearing Set1 331147 Head Gasket Set O I1 331148 STD Head Gasket (1)12 331163 Positive Valve Seal6 331153 Valve Cover Gasket1 331162 Full Gasket Set w/Seals1 331161 Lower Gasket Set w/Seals O1 331158 Tappet Cover Gasket1 331224 Pan Gasket Set I1 331155 Front Crank Seal "For OS Seal & Sleeve Kit Use 331188" 1 331156 Front Crank Thin Wall Wear Sleeve "Use w/Standard Seal"1 331123 STD Rear Crank Seal (Dry Housing)1 331124 OS Rear Crank Seal & Wear Sleeve Kit (Dry Housing)1 331125 STD Rear Crank Seal (Wet Housing)1 331126 OS Rear Crank Seal & Wear Sleeve Kit (Wet Housing)1 331128 Rear Crank Thin Wall Wear Sleeve "Use w/Standard Seal"6 231161 Pin Bushing 1 231154 Front Cam Bearing (STORM Block) (2)(4)6 231153 Cam Bearing, Intermediate & Rear (Requires Machining) (4)12 731157 Rod Bolt, w/Fracture Split Rods1 731134 Head Bolt KitProvide Engine Serial # To Verify All PartsCU-359-Q9/1/2010Tractor: AGCO RT95, RT115, RT130;Sprayer: Patriot 3150;QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 939514 Camshaft Kit C1 939112 Valve Train Kit: Case & Patriot V1 531128 Camshaft C1 531112 Cam Thrust Plate12 531113 Tappet C 6 6 12 431143 431144 431157 Exhaust Valve Intake Valve Valve Wear Cap (Optional Service Repair)V V12 431145 Ex/In Service Repair Valve Guide (.439 OD / 2.500" OAL) 6 431146 Exhaust Service Repair Valve Guide (.552 OD / 2.052" OAL)6 431147 Intake Service Repair Valve Guide (.552 OD / 2.397" OAL) 12 431148 Valve Spring: Case & Patriot (.185 Wire Dia) V 12 431158 Valve Spring: AGCO (.160 Wire Dia) 24 431149 Valve Keeper (Half) V 12 431151 Valve Spring Retainer 6 431152 Exhaust Valve Seat (OEM Special Size) 6 401138 Exhaust Valve Seat (Universal Size / Uses Standard Cutter)6 431153 Intake Valve Seat (OEM Special Size)6 401139 Intake Valve Seat (Universal Size / Uses Standard Cutter)6 431154 Rocker Arm, Exhaust6 431155 Rocker Arm, Intake6 431156 Rocker Arm Support & Shaft1 531123 Cam Gear 1 531124 Crank Gear1 531127 Injection Pump Drive Gear12 531126 Push Rod1 631119 New Oil Pump 1 631124 Oil Cooler 6 631126 Piston Cooling Nozzles1 731112 Crankshaft6 731175 Connecting Rod (Fracture Split / CDC Plant) (5)1 731136 Damper Pulley Assembly, Most Tractors (Check Appl)1 731138 Expansion Plug Kit (Includes 24 Plugs For Head & Block)1 831133 Thermostat Kit (Includes Seal) (6)1 831134 New Water Pump (Non-Hardened Pulley) (7)1 831118 Fan Drive Bearing (1.375" ID)1 831114 Belt Tensioner Assembly, Most Engines (Check Appl)1 831139 Block Heater (STORM Block 3/4" NPT)1 831121 Fuel Transfer Pump12 831138 Exhaust Manifold Bolt "Stainless Steel Option - 831175"Provide Engine Serial # To Verify All Parts。

Perkins 4.236 Diesel 磨炼机回话说明书

APPLICATION: Backhoes: Cat 416, 418 (LD70178, LD70200); 426, 428 (LD70179,LD70201); Excavators: Cat Eder 805 (LD80249);QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 974196 In-Frame Kit I1 975196 Out-of-Frame Kit O1 976196 Major Kit M1 977196 Premium Kit, Thru 3/4/94 (979139 Valve Train Kit Included) P4 4 4 4 4 171167 171233 171131 171361 171468 Sleeve & Piston Assembly (3 Ring / Flanged / No Fire Dam) Piston Assembly (3 Ring / Topped) (1)Liner (Finished / No Fire Dam / 4.103" OD) (3)Liner (Semi-Finished / No Fire Dam / 4.105" OD) (4)005 Liner ShimP M O I4 171256 Piston Ring Set (2-3/32 1-3/16)4 4 4 4 271151 271152 271153 271154 STD Rod Bearing .010 Rod Bearing.020 Rod Bearing.030 Rod Bearing "Additional Sizes (5)"P M O I1 1 1 1 271161 271162 271163 271164 STD Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers .010 Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers.020 Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers.030 Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers "Additional Sizes (6)"P M O I1 1 1 271119 271125 271126 STD Thrust Washer Set .007 Thrust Washer Set.010 Thrust Washer SetP M O I1 1 1 1 8 8 4 371115 371116 371132 371117 371143 371192 371318 Head Gasket Set Head Gasket, Thru U418405UHead Gasket, After U418405U "Not In Head Gasket Set" Valve Cover GasketValve Seal (Umbrella)Valve Seal (O-Ring)Nozzle Dust Seal Kit "Not In Sets Or Kits"P P M M O O I I1 1 1 1 1 371292 371149 371235 371167 371282 Lower Gasket Set wo/Seals Timing Cover Gasket Fuel Line Seal Kit (23 Seals & Washers) "Not In Gkt Sets" Pan Gasket Set, Cast Pan (Includes 6 Oil Flange Gaskets) Pan Gasket, Steel Pan P P M M O OII1 1 1 371146 371145 771159 Front Crank Seal (Viton Lip Type) (7) Rear Crank Seal (Viton Lip Type) (8) Rear Block Bridge PieceP P M M O O4 1 271176 271127 Pin Bushing (1.375" Pin) Cam Bearing (Finished ID) P P M M8 8 1 771151 771148 771293 Connecting Rod Bolt Connecting Rod Nut Head Bolt Kit (Ribbed Blocks / .500" CB)P P M M(1)Untopped Piston Assembly - 171413 (3)Oversize Finished Liner: .010 - 171362 (4)Oversize Liner: .020 - 171363(5).040 - 271155 / .050 - 271156 / .060 - 271157 (6).040 - 271165 / .050 - 271166 / .060 - 271167APPLICATION: Backhoes: Cat 416, 418 (LD70178, LD70200); 426, 428 (LD70179,LD70201);Excavators: Cat Eder 805 (LD80249);QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 979521 Camshaft Kit: Except LD80249 C1 979518 Camshaft Kit: LD80249 C1 979139 Valve Train Kit, Thru 3/4/94 (Long Springs) V1 979141 Valve Train Kit, After 3/4/94 (Short Springs) V1 1 1 8 571134 571169 271249 571123 Camshaft: Except LD80249 "Cam Bolt Lock Plate - 571162" Camshaft: LD80249 "Cam Bolt Lock Plate - 571162" Camshaft Thrust Washer (1.750 X 2.873 X .217) (9) Tappet C C CC4 4 471123 471128 STD Exhaust Valve (45º / Bi-Metal)STD Intake Valve (45º / Alloy / Chromed Stem) V V V V4 471132 Exhaust Guide V V4 471131 Intake Guide V V8 471134 Outer Valve Spring, Thru 3/4/94 (8 Coils / 2.5" Free Length) V8 471133 Inner Valve Spring, Thru 3/4/94 (9 Coils / 2.0" Free Length) V8 471144 Outer Valve Spring, After 3/4/94 (8 Coils / 1.8" Free Length) V8 471143 Inner Valve Spring, After 3/4/94 (9 Coils / 1.7" Free Length) V8 471229 Spring Seat (Stepped/.640" ID)16 471146 Keeper (Half) V V4 471111 Exhaust Seat (1.248 x 1.681 x .374 Stepped Top)4 471113 Intake Seat (1.594 x 2.020 x .281)4 471224 LH Rocker Arm (Adj Screw & Lock Nut Not Included) (10)4 471225 RH Rocker Arm (Adj Screw & Lock Nut Not Included) (10)1 471227 Rocker Arm Shaft (11) "Includes 471176 Plugs"1 571172 Cam Gear (Cast / 56 Teeth)1 571113 Crank Gear (28 Teeth)1 571111 Idler Gear: Except LD80249 (Cast / 63 Teeth) (12)1 571163 Idler Gear: LD80249 (Steel / 63 Teeth / Bushings) (12)8 571117 Push Rod1 671112 Oil Pump1 671134 Oil Pump Idler Gear "Idler Gear Bush - 571124"1 671148 Relief Valve Assembly (LH Oil Filter)1 771132 Crank Kit (Spline Nose / Lip Seal)4 771154 Connecting Rod (1.375" Pin)1 771264 Cylinder Head Assembly (Includes Valves & Springs)1 771159 Rear Block Bridge Piece1 771286 Expansion Plug Kit: Thru U280718S (19 Head&Block Plugs)1 771294 Expansion Plug Kit: After U280718S (20 Head&Block Plugs)1 871138 Thermostat: Except LD80249 (2.125" / Bypass)1 871162 Thermostat: LD80249 (2.125" / Non-Bypass)1 871229 Water Pump wo/Pulley: Except LD802491 871147 Water Pump wo/Pulley: LD802491 871228 Block Heater (1.250")1 871152 Fuel Pump, Thru U472348V (4 Bolt / Both Ports Toward Blk)1 871234 Fuel Pump, After U472348V (4 Bolt)(9)U729165B-U732690B Uses 271239 (1.750 X 2.873 X .243 Recessed Face) (10)Adj Screw 471226 / Lock Nut - 571139。

Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction(1)

Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1)第3 课柴油机结构(1)Bedplate and Frame机座和机架The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship.在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。

It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bolts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts.它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。

The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上，这些轴承称作主轴承。

each consists of two shells which are supported in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate.即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。

Diesel 2.5燃油系统维修

概述FLB-1燃油系统［Diesel 2.5］概述┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅B-2喷油泵－机械┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅LB-11燃油输送系统－柴油┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅LB-22FLB-2 燃油系统［DIESEL 2.5］概述维修技术规格EFMB3030概述FLB-3 扭矩技术规格EFBL0050专用工具EFLB0070FLB-4 燃油系统［DIESEL 2.5］说明EFLB0080分配式燃油喷射泵安装在前上壳体中，由正时带驱动。

燃油由燃油喷射泵内的一个泵从燃油箱吸出，并经过一个含有水分离器的过滤器被泵送至喷油泵。

压力燃油进入泵室，在那里由调节阀调整燃油压力。

从泵室开始，经过分电器盖通道，然后是柱塞套的进油口，燃油被泵送至柱塞上的高压室。

柱塞泵吸燃油，高压燃油按照喷油顺序从喷油嘴喷出。

泵壳腔中的多余燃油经过溢流阀和溢流管流回燃油箱。

喷油泵通过燃油循环冷却和润滑。

喷油嘴体处的多余燃油也通过与喷油泵连接的溢流管流回燃油箱。

由于喷油泵是以燃油润滑的，所以燃油中的水会大大影响泵的寿命。

因此，必须特别小心防止水、粉尘等进入系统中。

AU012燃油喷射泵喷油管溢流管供给泵（放气用）喷油嘴水位警告灯燃油箱概述FLB-5故障排查EFLB0090燃油喷射系统FLB-6 燃油系统［DIESEL 2.5］概述FLB-7FLB-8 燃油系统［DIESEL 2.5］检验和调整EFLB0150加速器拉索1．暖机直到稳定在怠速。

2．确定怠速转速在预定转速。

3．停止发动机。

4．确认加速器拉索中无死弯。

5．检查内拉索的松紧度是否正常。

AU003 6．如果过于松驰，按以下程序调整松紧度。

1）松开调节螺母。

完全关闭节气门杆。

2）拧紧调节螺母直到节气门杆刚开始移动为止。

松拧1圈并用锁紧螺母锁止。

这样加速器拉索间隙即可调整为标准值。

标准值：约1mm（0.04in.）3）调整加速器踏板止动器使其在节气门杆完全打开时与踏板臂接触。

4）调整后，确认节气门杆通过操作踏板可完全打开和关闭AU004 调整EFLB0160排出燃油管路中的空气在以下维修后排气。

INCA Training

ECU标定系统使用初级培训
July,2008 BIT Engine Control Research Group
培训目的
了解关于发动机电控系统及标定的基本概念了解 ECU 标定系统基本概念了解 INCA 标定系统组成学习专业标定知识掌握在INCA中的相关标定过程观摩具体工程应用
选择标定标定变量及测量量，建立一个实验环境
建立一个项目文件
Project
HW Config
硬件配置
内部文件外部文件
描述性文件
ASAP2 *.a2l
*.s19 *.Hex
包含代码和标定数据
Becrg (BIT发动机电控技术组)
21
INCA 环境
数据库浏览器 - 主要应用界面硬件配置编辑器 - 可通过INCA来识别连接的系统硬件试验环境 - 观察测量变量，编辑标定变量，修改参数测量数据分析器 - 进行记录数据的后分析，后处理标定数据管理器 - 编辑，输入，输出，比较，转换标定量
标定软件：INCA 接口硬件：ES1000，ES590, ES591, ES580 存储模拟器：ETK Emulator 外部数据采集： - 宽域氧传感器: LA4 A/F - 温度数据采集模块: Thermo-Scan - 模拟数据采集模块: AD-Scan - 混合数据采集模块: Dual-Scan - 压力数据采集模块: Baro-Scan
Hex文件包含了由数据和代码组成的ECU控制程序，这些文件可以直接下载到ECU中并执行
Becrg (BIT发动机电控技术组)
18
ASAP2描述性文件
ASAP2(*.a2l)文件是可浏览／可编辑的文本文件
内存变量