American Civil War(1)
南北战争
南北战争南北战争,又称美国内战(英语:American Civil War),是美国历史上最大规模的内战,参战双方为北方的美利坚合众国(简称联邦)和南方的美利坚联盟国(简称邦联)。
起因美国各州与中央政府之间自共和成立初期曾有过一场持续的纷争,不管是对于中央的权力或者公民的效忠。
例如1798年的《肯塔基及弗吉尼亚决议案》便公然反对《客籍法和镇压叛乱法》,另外在哈特福特会议中,新英格兰表示反对麦迪逊总统与1812年战争。
于1828年与1832年,国会通过了提高对欧洲工业产品的关税以利北方各州的工业。
由于这项关税政策将对倚重对欧洲大量外销农产的南卡罗莱那州及其它南方各州造成经济上之冲击,美国南方农业州担心欧洲各国会报复美国而提高对美国农产的关税,因此强烈反弹。
对此南卡罗莱那州议会召开州代表大会,通过了《联邦法令废止权条例》,宣布1828及1832年的关税法于该州内无效作废。
州议会并通过相关法令以贯彻该项条例,包括授权组织军队与购置武器。
为回应南卡罗莱那州的威胁,国会通过了《军力动员法》,而杰克森总统于1832年11月派遣七艘小型海军船只与一艘武力军舰前往查理斯顿。
12月10日,杰克森振辞反制联邦法令废止权条例的一方。
在内战前夕,美国是由四个截然不同的区域组成的国家:东北部(即今新英格兰)—成长中的工业与商业及相应之人口密度增长;西北部(即今美国中西部)—自由农民于此迅速发展,拜西北条例所赐此处永无奴隶制度;上南方-垦殖农场,但部份区域经济衰退;西南方-雨后春笋般蓬勃发展的棉花经济区。
这时19世纪最畅销的小说——《汤姆叔叔的小屋》出版了。
这本书是反奴隶制小说,深刻地描绘出了奴隶制度残酷的本质,并认为基督徒的爱可以战胜由奴役人类同胞所带来的种种伤害,这让北方的人民知道奴隶们的辛酸血泪,加速了《废奴令》的颁布。
小说中关于非裔美国人与美国奴隶制度的观点曾产生过意义深远的影响,并在某种程度上激化了导致美国内战的地区局部冲突。
美国内战经过简介AmericanCivilWar
American Civil War1.The Origin of Civil WarThe first part is the origin of Civil War. In its early independence US has only 13 states and in early 19th century up to 25 states, until 20th century up to 50 states.This is a sketch map of American territorial expansion. I want to mention Westward Movement which promote the development of western industry. This is the difference between north and south.Northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy,1810-1860 American industrial output increased by 9 times. While the northern industrial output accounting for the proportion of 91% , accounting for 75% of the GDP Southern plantation slavery economy,In 1790 the number of Southern slaves up to 67.7 million, and by 1860 the number increased to 400 million.Planters squeezed a profit of $ 80 from every slave, to the year of 1860 squeezed profits rose to $ 1400-2000 per person.Everywhere in the south to sell slaves in the scene.Everyone has heard of this novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin,an anti-slavery novel.To a certain extent, it led to regional conflicts in the civil war in the US.It is the contradiction whether to keep or abolish slavery that result in Civil War. The conflicting focuses are the contradiction between northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy and southern plantation slavery economy.2.The development of Civil WarDevelopment timeline --BeforeThe Compromise of 1850 was formally proposed by Clay and guided to passage by Douglas over Northern Whig and Southern Democrat opposition. It was enacted September 1850:1.California admitted as a free state;2.Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory organized with slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty;3.Texas dropped its claim to land ,in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt.4.Slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. (but not slavery itself);5.The Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened.[1]1850妥协是由粘土正式提出并由道格拉斯引导穿越北方辉格党人和南方民主党人反对。
(部编)《美国内战》ppt课件
《解放黑人奴隶宣言》
意1叛8义乱63:各年州元的旦奴起隶,制废,除并 ①允调许动奴了隶黑作人为奴自隶由的人参 加北积方极军性队,。他们踊跃
参军。
②从长远来看,提供 了自由劳动力,扩 大了国内市场,为 资本主义发展扫清 了障碍。
《解放黑人奴隶宣言》对战局的影响
1.黑人在南部联盟的后方发动起义,展开游击战争,牵 制敌人4万兵力;
二、内战爆发
探究1:为什么林肯当选总统会成为美国内战的导火线?如
果林肯落选,内战还会爆发吗?为什么?
林肯
Abraham Lincoln
1809-1865
政治主张: 希望联邦避免分裂,维护国家统一, 反对奴隶制。
“一幢裂开的房子是站立不住的。我相信这个政府不能永远维持半奴隶和半
自由的状态。我不期望联邦解散,我不期望房子崩塌,但我的确希望它停止分
作用:调动了农民和黑人奴隶的积极性, 1美8国65内年战,初北期方双军方队力围量攻对“比南表部联盟”的“首都”里士满,不久,南方军队投降,北方取得了南北战争的最后胜利。
(2)北方发展资本主义工商业,南方种植园经济 探如究果1为:了为拯什救么联林邦肯需当要选解总放统一会部成分为奴美隶国而内保战留的另导一火部线分?,如我果也林愿肯意落这选样,做内。战还会爆发吗?为什么?
局面 当34前岁南竞部选与国北会部议之员间失的败斗争不是别的,而是两种社会制度之间的斗争……这个斗争之所以爆发,是因为这两种制度不能在北美大陆上
和美平国共 南处北。战争粉碎了奴隶主的反动势力,从而维护了美国的统一。 ①18一10定-1程81度9取上自满西足班了牙西部农民的土地要求,调动了他们的积极性。
(1)导火线:主张限制奴隶制发展的林肯当选为美国总统 第3课 美国内战
American_Civil_War+1
Confederate (Rebel) advantages (South)
• Confederates had the best generals • Defending is always easier than attacking • Farmers fight better than factory workers
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter
The first Sages of the Union (north)? • Union had double the population • Double the railroads • 5 times as many factories
Gettysburg – turning point
• Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. • Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days. • It was the last time the South invaded the North.
The 54th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863
Blacks in the Military
• After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks began to join the Union Army • Initially they were only used for manual labor • Eventually, Blacks saw live combat • 54th regiment out of Massachusetts
American_Civil_War (1)
Significance and Effects
A bourgeois revolution in nature A continuation and expansion of the War of Independence A country to develop more rapidly in every field The lead as an industrial country in the world within three decades
It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union.
It did not free slaves in border states.
Gettysburg Address
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
啊,船长!我的船长!
啊!般长!我的船长!可怕的航程已完成; 这船历尽风险,企求的目标已达成。 港口在望,钟声响,人们在欢欣。 千万双眼睛注视着船——平稳,勇敢,坚定。 但是痛心啊!痛心!痛心! 瞧一滴滴鲜红的血! 甲板上躺着我的船长, 他倒下去,冰冷,永别。
第17课美国南北战争TheAmericanCivilWar
美国南北战争
思
考 林肯因为坚决维护了联邦的统一直至最 后牺牲而最受国民尊敬,那么林肯还有哪 些高尚品德和人格魅力值得我们学习?
A、出身贫寒,但志向高远 B、关心百姓疾苦,对黑人奴隶制度深感不满
C、意志坚强,百折不挠,不达目的誓不罢休
D、热受祖国,努力维护国家统一,直至为国献身
2、导 火 线:1860年林肯当选总统
3、正式爆发:1861年南方不宣而战,挑起战争 4、重要文献 :1和8《62解年放林黑肯人政奴府隶颁宣布言《》宅地法》 5、反 攻:1863年葛底斯堡大捷 6、结 果:1865年,北方胜利。
美国南北战争的性质和历史意义
1、性质:美国历史上的第二次资产阶 级革命。
奴隶制的 存废问题
矛盾
南方 奴隶制种植园经济
结果 内战
输出棉花、 工业原料
要降低关税
占有大量劳动力
好书推荐
斯托夫人—— “写了一本书、酿成一场大战的小妇人”
太可耻了! 等一天我有了机 会,一定要把这 奴隶制度彻底打 垮。
——一位水手
2、导火线: 1860年林肯当选为总统
联邦必须 而且将会 得到保留
——惠特曼
他是谁?
他,生下来就一贫如洗,终其一生 都在面对挫败,八次选举八次都落选, 两次经商失败,甚至还精神崩溃过一次。
好多次,他本可以放弃,但他并没 有如此,也正因为他没有放弃,才成为 美国史上最伟大的总统之一。
以下是他的历程简述:
1816年 他的家人被赶出居住的地方,他必须 抚养他们。 1831年 经商失败。 1832年 竞选州议员——但落选! 1832年 丢了工作——想就读法学院,但进不 去。 1833年 借钱经商,但年底破产,接着他花17 年把债还清。 1834年 再次竞选州议员——赢了! 1836年 完全精神崩溃,卧病在床六个月。 1838年 争取成为州议员的发言人——没有成 功。
American Civil War美国内战英文简介
当内战爆发后,格兰特被作为预备役征兆入伍并被 授予了上校军衔.到了1861年9月,格兰特被迅速提 拔为准将。他的首次重要战斗是对密苏里州贝尔蒙 南军的突袭。格兰特第一个大的胜利,来自他对亨 利要塞(Fort Henry)和道格拉斯要塞(Fort Donelson)围攻的成功,在1862年2月他先后攻下 了这两个在密西西比流域的重要据点。在围攻期间, 南军曾按当时战争惯例提出过短时间休战的要求, 而格兰特却回答道: “No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. ” 格兰特就此第一次在内战中提出了“无条件投降” 的说法,这个名词开始贯穿他之后的战争中的所有 行为。
• 南北对立与冲突 • 来自美国北方的共和党人林肯虽然不 是解放黑奴的倡言者,但他认为蓄奴不人 道,反对扩大蓄奴,而一向以奴隶来发展 产业的南方对此感到强烈反对。1860年, 林肯当选总统,而林肯在政纲中提及的保 护关税及《宅地法》大大削弱了南方奴隶 主的利益。两个月后,南方政府开始发动 武装起事,北方政府被逼应战,南北战争 开始爆发。Amrican Civil War
Causes Of The American Civil War
The South, which was known as the Confederate States of America, seceded from the North, which was also known as the Union, for many different reasons. The reason they wanted to succeed was because there was four decades of great sectional conflict between the two. Between the North and South there were deep economic, social, and political differences. The South wanted to become an independent nation. There were many reasons why the South wanted to succeed but the main reason had to do with the Norths view on slavery. All of this was basically a different interpretation of the United States Constitution on both sides. In the end all of these disagreements on both sides led to the Civil War, in which the North won.
American Civil War 优质课件
3. the Upper South - reclamation farm, but part of there economic declined;
Before the civil war, the United States is made of four areas:
1. Northeast (the New Zealand ) – the growth of industrial , commercial and population density;
4. Southwest - economic zone of cotton are quickly developed.
• The conflict between north and south • Although Lincoln, whom from the northern
republicans, was not the advocate of liberating the slaves, he thought slavery was inhumanity, and he opposed expanding slavery. But the South, which always with slaves to develop its industry ,felt strongly opposed. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President, and he mentioned in the platform which is protecting tariff and The Homestead Act greatly harmed the interests of southern slave owner. Two months later, the southern government started to rebel, the northern government had to accept the battle , the civil war began to erupted.
(精品)Week10-AmericanCivilWar
• Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy).
• Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the U.S. federal government (the "Union"), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states.
Background and Causes of the War
A. Economic developments in the U.S. B. Slavery
C. States Rights vs. Strong Federal Government
GROUP DISCUSSION
• Make a list of reasons slavery should be allowed
Political and Social Catalysts for the War
A. Missouri Compromise B. Kansas-Nebraska Act C. Dred Scott Decision D. Uncle Tom’s Cabin E. Lincoln Douglas Debates F. Presidential Election of 1860
American Civil War 幻灯片
Synopsis: 1.The historical background to the war; 2.The cause of the war; 3.The duration of the war.
Life Science College : Gao Mingying You Huan Wei Jiaquan Yang Xiaoting
During the war:
Lincoln’s speeches: 1)Emancipation Proclamation
◆biblical language
2)Gettysburg ◆a progression of tenses:from past to present Address ◆birth and rebirth metaphors ◆if America fails, freedom will fail These speeches joined the Declaration of Independence and memorized expressions of American freedom, equality, and new beginning
Emancipation Proclamation
the Emancipation Proclamation
• Since New Year's day 1863, abolition the slavery, and allow the slaves in the northern army as
Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860 Campaign theme:
The American Civil War美国内战
3. Slave and Non-Slave States
• As America began to expand, first with the lands gained from Louisiana and later with the Mexican War, began the question of whether new states admitted to the union would be slave or free.
the american civil war美国内战 americancivil war civilwar centralevent america'shistorical consciousness. 1776-1783created unitedstates. civilwar 1861-1865determined what kind civilwar unitedstates humanloss americanstates finallybecome united. what kind thewarresolvedtwofundamentalquestionsleftunresolvedbytherevolution: whethertheunitedstateswastobea dissolvableconfederationofsovereign states oranindivisiblenationwithasovereign nationalgovernment american freedom wouldthisnation,bornofadeclarationthat allmenwerecreatedwithanequalrightto liberty,continuetoexistasthelargest slaveholdingcountryintheworld? king john, magnacarter. theywantedfreedomtocontroltheirownlivesandalsootherpeopleslives. thistimetheamericannorthisfightingforthefreedomofothersbuttheamericansouthisfightingfortheirrightto enslaveothers. itscausescanbetracedbacktotensionsthatformedearlyinthenation'shistory. followingarethetopfivecausesthatledtothe"warbetweenthestates." socialdifferences between south.in1793,cottonbecameveryprofitablebecausea machi
美国Civil War 讲解,英文版
Realize deeply the significance of country’s unification and yearn for peaceful and stable life;
Offered subject for the later literature.
frustrated the vestige of British colonial power;
the battle of Chickamauga
Battle of Gettysburg
a turning point The north army got the initiative.
Influence of the Civil War
The positive meaning
The negative meaning
Nov. 22nd,1862, Lincoln published The Emancipation Proclamation in advance
1862~1863,the policy of arming the black
some major battles
the battle of Vicksburg the battle of Gettysburg
freed the black slaves and encouraged American’s democracy.
The significance of the military affairs
1
promoted the formation dispersed, field fortifications and infantry force operating near the use and development;
南北战争时的总统是谁
南北战争时的总统是谁南北战争(American Civil War)即美国内战,是美国历史上唯一一次内战,参战双方为北方美利坚合众国和南方的美利坚联盟国,最终以北方联邦胜利告终。
下面是店铺分享的南北战争时的总统是谁,一起来看看吧。
南北战争总统介绍美国南北战争分为南方的美利坚联盟过和北方的美利坚合众国,因此南北战争总统双方也各有其人。
北方的总统是亚伯拉罕·林肯,南方的总统是杰佛逊·汉弥尔顿·戴维斯。
亚伯拉罕·林肯是共和党的人士。
原先林肯刚刚步入政坛的时候,属于辉格党,后来由于辉格党赞成扩大奴隶制,因此退出辉格党参加了共和党。
1860年11月,林肯被当选为美国的第16任总统。
林肯的当选,也是共和党的首次执政。
而共和党是强烈反对南方的蓄奴制的,因此南方的种植园主感觉到林肯的当选会对他们的利益造成影响,因此纷纷退出了美利坚合众国,在南方宣布成立了美利坚联盟国。
美利坚联盟国的总统,即为杰佛逊·汉弥尔顿·戴维斯。
戴维斯毕业于西点军校,是密西西比议会,合众国众议院及参议院的成员。
1861年2月9日被推举为南方的总统。
在戴维斯任职的初期,也追寻着和北方和平解决的方案。
但戴维斯比林肯觉悟得要早,他意识到和平是无法解决南北之间的矛盾的,因此率先和北方开战。
南北战争初期,南方军队势如破竹,几乎击溃了北方军队的防线。
但是林肯总统及时调整了政策,在1862年年底宣布解放黑奴的宣言,致使大量黑奴逃到北方,参加了北方的军队。
1865年,北方军队攻占了南方的首都里士满,戴维斯逃到了丹维尔市,后来被认出后逮捕。
南北战争总统在当时的美国,代表了两种不同的制度。
在这场关乎到美国命运的角逐中,最后由资产阶级革命的北方获得了胜利,也为美国的资本主义发展扫清了障碍。
南北战争过程总体来说,南北战争过程可以被分为两个阶段,第一阶段是被称为“有限战争”阶段,是双方在东部战场上集中兵力争夺对方首都的过程;第二阶段被称为“革命战争”阶段,是以北军的胜利,美国南北统一而告终。
美国南北战争北方胜利的原因
美国南北战争北方胜利的原因南北战争(American Civil War)即美国内战,是美国历史上唯一一次内战,参战双方为北方美利坚合众国和南方的美利坚联盟国,最终以北方联邦胜利告终。
下面是店铺分享的美国南北战争北方胜利的原因,一起来看看吧。
美国南北战争北方胜利的原因美国南北双方力量对比悬殊。
北方有23个州,人口2200万,工业生产是南方的10倍。
南方只有7个州900万人口。
南方之所以敢挑起战争,是因为南方早就从军事上做好了准备,南方军队素质高,军火工业发达,并得到英法等国的援助。
南方想通过速战速决打败北方。
美国内战大体分为两个阶段和东西两大战场。
1861年4月至1862年9月是“有限战争” 阶段。
双方都集中兵力于东战场为争夺对方首都而展开激战。
南方军队统帅是杰出军事家罗伯特·李,他根据双方力量悬殊的状况,制定了以攻为守的战略,集中兵力寻歼北军主力,迫使北方签订城下之盟。
而北方对战争准备不足,又采取了所谓的“大蛇计划”,把兵力分散在8000英里长的战线上,加上同情奴隶主的指挥官麦克莱兰采取消极战术,使北军连连受挫。
1861年,双方在东战场举行了第一次马那萨斯会战。
7月21日,北方发起向南方首都里士满进军的攻势,3.5万北方军队排着整齐队形,在军乐声中向里士满进军。
由于北方事先大张声势,认为南军不堪一击,加上这一天是星期六,于是许多华盛顿市民、国会议员、记者等身着盛装,携妻带子,提着装有野餐的篮子,有的坐马车,有的随军队步行,像过节一样,前来战地观光,看热闹。
南方军队2.2万在铁路枢纽马那萨斯列阵相迎。
北方军队在观众的欢呼声中向南军发起攻击,猛烈的炮火把南军阵地笼罩在烟雾中。
北军继而跨过布尔河向对岸发起冲击。
谁想南军指挥官是名将托马斯·杰克逊,他沉着指挥,击退了北军5次冲锋,因此获得“石墙”的美称。
战斗十分激烈,由于双方军服几乎相同,一时敌我难辨,战场一片混乱。
不久,南军9000援军赶到,发起反攻。