成都理工大学外国语学院阅读材料四级
2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析
2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析Section A（空气污染篇）millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it a s an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.题目解析：本次四级选词填空相比往年的难度并没有过多差异，单词的考察的还是不同词性用法以及词正确形式的使用。
改写理论视角下解读林译小说
改写理论视角下解读林译小说张洁【摘要】林纾是我国晚清时期的翻译奇才，他的作品典雅流畅，风行一时。
由于他的翻译小说中存在大量省略、增添、删节，常被翻译界指责为“不忠实”。
本文从翻译学文化操控派代表人物勒菲维尔的改写理论视角出发，结合林纾所处的特定时期的社会环境，分析了影响他翻译思想和策略的因素，探究了林纾在中国当时社会意识形态、诗学观等因素影响下对西方文学进行改写并取得成功的深层次原因。
%Lin Shu was a wizard at translation in the late Qing Dynasty and was renowned for the elegance and fluency of his translations. However, some critics often accuse his works of infidelity owing to vast omission, addition and abridgement. Based on Lefevere＇ s rewriting theory, the paper analyzes the factors that impacted on Lin＇ s translation principles and strategies, and explores the deep-seated reasons for his successful rewriting of Westem literature under the influence of contemporary social ideology and poetics.【期刊名称】《西华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2011(030)005【总页数】4页(P84-87)【关键词】林纾;勒菲维尔;改写理论;意识形态;诗学观【作者】张洁【作者单位】成都理工大学外国语学院,四川成都610059【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9林纾(1852—1924)是中国近代文学史和翻译史上的重要人物，他究竟翻译了多少作品，至今仍无定论，郑振铎说“成书的共有一百五十六种;其中有一百三十二种是已经出版的”(郑振铎，2009)，其他还有说“多达二百零六种”［1］。
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题和答案(第1套)
2024年06月大学英语四级考试真题和答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) Investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.B) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ symptoms of depression.4. A) It was indefinite.B) It was systematic.C) It was straightforward.D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology.C) To cut down training expenses.D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process.B) The technology is yet to be accepted.C) Cloning is ethically controversial.D) The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online.B) He heard about it from a coworker.C) He read an article reviewing it.D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publications.B) His first book.C) His address.D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data.B) Relax a bit less often.C) Clarify many new concepts.D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes.B) Watch the series together with the woman.C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers.B) Vendors.C) Vegetarians.D) Organisers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendors.B) The completion of the baking task.C) The festival they are organising.D) The deadline for application.15. A) The closing date of submission.B) The website of his company.C) The details of the ceremony.D) The organiser’s address.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed.B) Access to official campsites is limited.C) Health experts advise going outdoors.D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents.B) It leads to much waste of public money.C) It has caused environmental concerns.D) It has created conflicts among campers.18. A) Look for open land in Scotland.B) Leave no trace of their camping.C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.D) Ask for permission from authorities.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They outcompete mythical creatures.B) They usually mind their own business.C) They truly exist in the Amazon region.D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins’ fighting.B) Skin infection from water pollution.C) Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent.B) It causes them to lose dignity.C) It makes them mentally immature.D) It hinders them from getting ahead.24. A) It challenges one’s willpower.B) It results from education.C) It calls for due assistance.D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles.B) Poor budgeting.C) College loans.D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have____26____, evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise____27____for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.This is____28____due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before____29____into some of the key take-aways, animportant____30____made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former____31____such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such____32____intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the moodbenefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found____33____results from 19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no____34____to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择) for improving moodis____35____intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.A) constitutesB) contradictoryC) decisionD) detailedE) differenceF) dippingG) distinctionH) fallingI) involvesJ) moderateK) notifiedL) partlyM) requiredN) traditionallyO) vigorousSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Do Americans Work So Much?A) How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.B) But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?C) There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.D) In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E) Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.G) Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his fourto eight-fold predicted range.H) This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wagefor ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.I) What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education —are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.J) This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K) Friedman concludes that the prosperity (繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours. 40. Many economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving youstronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authenticselves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché(老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtfulthat you’ll regret it.46. What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation?A) We should see through other people’s attempt to make a prisoner of us.B) We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C) We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us.D) We should care about other people’s view as much as they care about our own.47. What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval?A) Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.B) Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.C) Our identity as social beings will be affected.D) Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48. What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A) Our desperate longing for interactions with others.B) Our understanding of the workings of the world.C) Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.D) Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49. What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desiredapproval?A) Enjoy a happier life.B) Exercise self-restraint.C) Receive more external validation.D) Strengthen our power of imagination.50. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A) Embrace life for ourselves and for others.B) Base our worth on others’ opinions.C) See our experiences as assets.D) Love ourselves as we are.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggeststhat late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good.Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness —a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with thistake-in-theworld attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should. ”51. What do some people think of aging adults?A) Their wisdom grows as time goes by.B) Their memory gradually deteriorates.C) They can benefit from late-in-life learning.D) They are likely to have mental health issues.52. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding?A) Brain damage seriously hinders one’s learning.B) Brain power weakens slower than we imagine.C) Brains can refresh and improve with learning.D) Brains forge connections under new conditions.53. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A) Doing daily routines by conventional means.B) Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.C) Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks.D) Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A) Being curious and desiring knowledge.B) Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.C) Rising to life’s challenges and avoiding risks.D) Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases.55. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A) Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power.B) Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory.C) Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.D) Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.四合院（siheyuan）是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。
成都理工大学英语阅读二册答案
UNIT 1（一） 1.(Q)According to the passage, global warming is caused by---(A)both A and B2.(Q)What’s the main task of the IPCC?---（A）To collect all the information about greenhouse gases3.(Q）The word “consensus” in the second para graph is closest in meaning to___________.（A） an opinion that has been accepted4.(Q)Which of the following contributes most to global warming?(A)Carbon dioxide.5.(Q)It can be inferred from this passage that___________.(A)humans should be responsible for the global warming（二）1.To help the environment, the author has offered some creative and fun recycling projects that make use of the____________.---ordinary household items that would be normally thrown away2. All the following items have been mentioned that can be recycled in one way or another EXCEPT___________.-----a terracotta pot3.To recycle leftover candles, you need to prepare an old pan, a new candle wick and____________.------a new container4. Boys and girls will go wild making___________into many things such as wallets, purses, first aid kits and gift cardholders-------tin5.These easy projects not only make recycling more interesting, but also inspire people and the kids__________.-------to look at everything they already have in new ways网络部分（一） 1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? -------A project to store carbon dioxide.2. What can you infer from the passage?-------The project is expected to bring more than one benefit.3.“The success of the Weyburn Project could have incredible implications on reducing CO2 emissions…” The underlined part is closest in meaning to________. -------unbelievable4.According to many scientists,__________.-------the more fossil fuels are burnt, the warmer the earth will be5.From the passage, we can safely say that__________.-------more people will participate in the Weyburn Project（二）1. According to Kathleen Rogers, Earth Day is popularly celebrated on April 22 partly because_________.---------the first Earth Day fell on April 222.. When did Nelson die?--------In 2005.3.The impacts of global climate change are less immediate than those of dirty air and toxic water in that________.----------they are largely abstract and difficult to explain4.Earth Day Network is aligned with a hundred thousand schools around the world in order to__________.----------push the Earth Day movement from single-day actions to long-term commitments5. What do the commitment ideas promoted by the Earth Day Network refer to?--------- Taking an environmental action.Unit 2（一）1.What is the main idea of the passage?---------The keys to starting or maintaining relationship.2. According to Dr. Zunin, which of the following is NOT true?---------People may show interests to some other people during the first meet.3.During the first few minutes of contact, people should______________. --------give undivided attention4. When we are introduced to other people, we___________.---------try to be friendly and self-confident5. According to the passage, the four-minute rule also applies to the relationship between_____________.--------both A and B（二）1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?--------Chinese educational system creates a hurdle of exam for English learners 2.The reason why Chinese learners cannot communicate in Englishis____________.--------- they seldom practise speaking English3.You may take the following measures EXCEPT__________to be a good speaker.---------depending on others to create practice opportunities for you4.Which of the following is true based on the passage?---------Using English for communication would be blocked by too much reading and writing5.What is the tone of the author in writing the passage?---------Convincing.网络部分（一）1.The word “positive-negative” in the 2nd paragraph can be understood as_________.---------We learn how to do something right sometimes by first making mistakes 2.If you are a good listener, you would________.--------- select something to listen to3.The phrase “go all out” in Para. 4 can be replaced by________.4.What is the main idea of Para. 5?---------We may hold on what we are doing5.According to the passage, which of the following is true?---------If you care enough, you may make a difference.（二）1.The difference between skimming and pacing is________based on the passage --------pacing is a faster way to reading a passage2.The main idea of Para. 6 is that___________.--------you can gradually comprehend the thoughts of what you are reading if keeping practicing fast reading3.Peripheral vision can help you____________.--------all of the above4.Which of the following advantages of fast-reading training is not mentioned--------It can help you fully read highly-redundant materials.5.While scanning, you may__________.--------both A and CUnit 3（一）1.What is the author’s attitude towards multitasking?---------Distractions may affect the way people learn, making their learning less efficient.2.What are the two different ways of learning mentioned in the passage --------- Declarative learning and habit learning.3. According to the author, habit learning means___________.---------learning the knowledge by habit4.Poldrack explained that the two types of learning seem to be competing with each other. Which type of learning seems to dominate when someone is distracted? ---------Habit learning.5.What is the meaning of the word “dual-task” in the last paragraph? ---------Two different tasks.（二）1.The makeup and tidiness of an inbox may be an indication of______________. ---------all the above answers2. If someone cleans his inbox too quickly or too often, hemay___________.---------sap his energy from other endeavors such as his family3.What does Mr. Mann suggest regarding the inbox?---------Use a few dozen templates to answer emails and empty the inbox regularly.4.According to Wally Bock, in what sense does “Inbox Zero” exert a negative impact on his work---------His work is interrupted because he has to switch rapidly between tasks.5.The author of this passage mainly talks about____________.---------how to manage the emails in the inbox网络部分（一） 1.Nowadays cellphone ads are mostly delivered in the form(s) of_________.2.According to Laura Marriott, cellphone-based marketing could be “the silver bullet we’ve been looking for in advertising”. What does“the silver bullet” mean?----------A magical weapon or the most effective solution.3.The two American leading providers of wireless were not planning to deploy the cellphone ads because_________.----------the customers may be bothered by cellphone ads thus they may feel sick when they receive the ads on the phones4. As to the interest in cellphone ads, which of the following statement is true?----------The click-through rate on phones is higher than that on the Internet.5.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?----------To draw people’s attention to the current development of cellphone ads.（二）1.Instead of using the Internet for homework or research, many kids spend their time on__________.----------all the above2.Parents and teachers are usually not aware of the problem of Internet addiction until it becomes serious because_________.----------it is easy for kids to hide what they are doing online3.According to the Computer-Addiction Services at Harvard Medical School, children who are most likely hooked on online activities arethose__________.----------who are lonely and bored or from families where nobody is at home to relate to after school4. As to the negative impact of computer addiction, which of the following is NOT true?----------Addicts may have a sense of well-being while in the real world.5. In order to establish a healthy balance between Internet use and other activities, parents can follow certain tips EXCEPT_________.-----------banning the internet completelyUnit 4（一）1. Excess sugar is brought from the blood into the cells by___________. ---------insulin2.The main pattern of organization of the whole selectionis____________.---------cause and effect3.We can conclude that a quick energy boost results whensugar____________.---------rapidly pours into the bloodstream4.The passage suggests that a high-protein snack___________.---------provides more long-term energy than a high-sugar snack5.In the last sentence, the word “initiate” means_________.----------begin（二）1.What is the goal of the conference?----------To assure policymakers that it is important to take preventive initiatives.2.What does the author mean by saying “Schools need to be the places that allow children to be active”?----------Schools are supposed to offer children easy access to physical exercises.3.What’s the benefit of taxing sugary beverages?---------- To decrease the obesity rates4. __________in richer communities than in poorer ones---------People have easier access to a grocery store5.What’s the tone of the passage?---------Objective.网络部分（一）1.What’s the main idea of the passage?---------An introduction to a study on the relationship between health and happiness 2.According to the study, which of the following is true?---------We think most of us tend to get permanently miserable easily3.What does the author mean by saying “subject” in paragraph 8?----------One as the object of clinical study.4.By comparing the two rates of 0.70 and 0.83, the study showsthat___________.----------the people with end-stage kidney feel the same level of happiness as the healthy volunteers5.The researchers tried to achieve a good understanding of how well people are able to adapt to poor health, probably, in an attempt__________.----------to enable doctors and patients to make right choices about their medical care（二）1.Which of the following symptoms doesn’t point to a post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis---------The people around you do some actions that remind you of your trauma 2.Wha t does the author mean by saying “anchor” in Line1, Para. 11? ---------An object that can be touched or looked at and that causes you to remembera happy place or time or of a person you love.3.Which statement can point you toward the positive side when your spirits are low?---------I can get past the bumps in the road and continue my journey.4.Which of the following is true about your PTSD medicine according to the article----------We can find out whether medications prescribed by our doctors work. 5. You can tell your doctor-ordered medicine has positive effects on relieving the common signs of PTSD when__________.---------you find it easier to do the daily activities that you didn’t have the energy or motivation to do befoQuiz1深一1. One of the differences between successful people and average people lies in_________.正确答案是：successful people can combine their knowledge with their intuition2. Successful people can make correct choices and decisions because_________.正确答案是：they can detect accurate information which is not so apparent3. Which of the following is true?正确答案是：Intuition can be developed and used to solve problems.4. What does “gives them an edge over” in Para. 4 mean?正确答案是：Makes them superior to.5. What is the main idea of the passage?正确答案是：The advantages intuition brings to us.深二1. What is the author’s attitude towards blog phenomenon?正确答案是：Positive.2. Based on the context clues, try to figure out the meaning of the word “proliferation” in Paragra ph 1. It means___________.D. sudden increase请选择答案正确答案是：sudden increase3. Which of the following statements about the blogging is true?请选择答案正确答案是：All the above.4. When people begin to think that they are nothing more than a cog in the wheel of society, they tend to__________.正确答案是：look for some ways to differentiate themselves5. In what sense does the blog phenomenon exert a positive impact on the society?正确答案是：The vanity web page is gradually disappearing thus there are fewer cat pictures.深三1. Which word can’t be used to describe the condition of teenage health in the UK?正确答案是：Improving.2. Some problems of teenage health are discussed EXCEPT_________.正确答案是：an increasingly impoverished diet3. How many young women are likely to risk suffering from pregnancy problems?正确答案是：10 percent of girls 16 to 19.4. Whose health is the worst, according to the consultant at a hospital in London?正确答案是：Teenagers.5. What solutions does the BMA suggest to improve teenage health?正确答案是：All of the above.快一1. Ordinary people in America don’t think climate change an urgent problem to be solved mainly because________.正确答案是：it is a threat that seems far away in space and time2. According to a poll by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press,_________of Americans considered global warming to be somewhat serious.正确答案是：30 percent3. Scientists have mentioned all the following possible events as a result of the global warming EXCEPT_________.正确答案是：the icy Arctic summers4. Gifford, who studies pro-environmental behavior, calls the psychological barriers to getting people to take actions against global warming___________.正确答案是：dragons5. Advocates can help promote concerns and actions about global warming more effectivelyby___________.正确答案是：stressing the impact of climate change on people and animals快二1. According to the passage, the instructional design of computer enhanced learning materials should be based on the examination of .正确答案是：all the above2. Which factor is not involved in multimedia learning to provide flexibility in expressing the creativity of a student and in exchanging ideas?正确答案是：Lecturer.3. Among all the 5 elements involved in multimedia learning, which one has the most impact on the quality of the multimedia interaction?正确答案是：Text.4. Which of the following statements about the video element is NOT true?正确答案是：Video fails to convey information about environments that are too costly to consider in real life.5. According to the passage, there are different forms of graphics including_________.A. A and BB. photographs, drawings and pictures from CD-RomC. scannerD. none of the above请选择答案正确答案是：photographs, drawings and pictures from CD-Rom五Aspects of English Life: Class Delineation1. It can be learned from the passage that_____________.A. the English are the most class-conscious in the worldB. among all the class indicators, speech is the most immediate and most obvious in EnglandC. one’s position on the class scale in England will be identifiable by one’s achiev ementsD. most of the English people personally have no class related prejudices请选择答案正确答案是：among all the class indicators, speech is the most immediate and most obvious in England2. All of the following statements about the delineation of English classes are true EXCEPTthat__________.A. what words the English use and how they say them are the two main factors involved in the delineation of English classesB. a person with upper-class accent, using upper-class terminology, will be recognized as upper classC. a person with working-class pronunciation will be identified as working classD. class in England has nothing to do with money, and something to do with occupation请选择答案正确答案是：class in England has nothing to do with money, and something to do with occupation3. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following ideas will be most likely supported by the author?A. One’s pronunciation and terminology reveal the class one was born into and raised in.B. One can’t achieve anything through one’s own talents or efforts.C. One’s accent is more important than his terminology in identifying class.D. Even if one trains oneself to use the pronunciation and vocabulary of upper class, he will not be identified as upper class.请选择答案正确答案是：One’s pronunciation and terminology reveal the class one was born into and raised in.4. The word “hypocrisy” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to__________.A. being pessimisticB. being superficialC. being insincereD. being humorous请选择答案正确答案是：being insincere5. In the author’s po int of view, what leads to the English characteristic: hypocrisy?A. Most of the English people actually believe that class differences are no longer important.B. Most of the English people would rather pretend that they personally have no class-related prejudices.C. Most of the English people specifically intend to mislead others.D. Most of the English people deliberately deceive others.请选择答案正确答案是：Most of the English people would rather pretend that they personally have noclass-related prejudices.深二1. In general, when a waiter asks “Now or later?” at a restaurant in USA, he really means_________A. “Do you like to have your meal now or later?”B. “Do you want coffee with your meal or after it?”C. “Will you order your meal now or later?”D. “May I help you?”请选择答案正确答案是：“Do you want coffee with your meal or after it?”2. As to the American drinking habits, which statement is not true?正确答案是：Americans seldom drink tea with their meals.3. According to the second paragraph, which of the following ideas will be most likely supported by the author?A. Americans usually have meat, fish as well as poultry at the same meal.B. The evening meal is usually longer than breakfast and lunch as the evening meal is a social or business occasion.C. Seafood is sometimes served as a first course in America.D. For lack of time, people in America seldom enjoy their meals with friends during their leisure. 请选择答案正确答案是：Seafood is sometimes served as a first course in America.4. The phrase “organic produce” is closest in meaning to___________.A. fresh vegetable which is packed in a small packageB. food which is essential to healthC. crop which grows with fertilizers of animal or vegetable matter, instead of synthetic fertilizers or pesticidesD. wild plant请选择答案正确答案是：crop which grows with fertilizers of animal or vegetable matter, instead of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides5. The following behaviors are all good table manners to follow EXCEPT___________.A. Someone reaches across the table and helps himself to the dish with his own utensilsB. Someone puts nut shells and fruit peeling in an ashtrayC. Someone belches out at the dining table and he says “Excuse me” quietlyD. Someone uses a spoon to drink his soup请选择答案正确答案是：Someone reaches across the table and helps himself to the dish with his own utensils10 Smart Money Moves to Make in Tough Times1. The ten suggestions in the passage are given to_________.A. the poorB. the richC. people in debtD. all of the above请选择答案正确答案是：all of the above2. We usually “leaking” money in the following aspects EXCEPT___________.A. clothesB. beauty treatmentsC. educationD. food请选择答案正确答案是：education3. What’s the clue the author gives us in finding another source of income?A. To look for a job in which you are interested.B. To write an e-book on a subject you know a lot about.C. To look for a way to take away someone’s p ain, or problem.D. To know what you might be able to do in your regular job.请选择答案正确答案是：To look for a way to take away someone’s pain, or problem.4. You can sell things you don’t really want or use anymore for the payoff in terms of all the following EXCEPT____________.A. moneyB. less clutterC. freeing up spaceD. recycling请选择答案正确答案是：recycling5. According to the passage, what about money did most of us pick up from our parents?A. Basic ideas about money.B. Beliefs and emotions around money.C. The ways to make money.D. The ways to save money.请选择答案正确答案是：Beliefs and emotions around money.快二1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as t he significance of Women’s Day?正确答案是：To honor and celebrate womanhood on a particular March 8.2. In which country, people celebrate the national Women’s day in August?A. South Africa.B. Russia.C. None of them.D. America.请选择答案正确答案是：South Africa.3. What’s the 2005 Women’s History Month theme in U.S.?A. Women Change History.B. The Heroic Woman Worker.C. Women and Culture of the United States.D. Women Change America.请选择答案正确答案是：Women Change America.4. In Russia, Women’s Day goes a step further because__________.正确答案是：it is celebrated in the fashion of Mother’s Day with flowers or breakfast in bed5. According to the tips on Women’s Day, in which way can we make the women feel special?A. All of the above.B. Planting their favorite flowers in your garden.C. Cooking their favorite food.D. Sending a check to their favorite charity.请选择答案正确答案是：All of the above.六Unexpected Wonder—Jeans1. In 1850, Levi Strauss came to the United States and subsequently___________.正确答案是：made money on blue jeans2. Jeans, originally designed by Levi Strauss,___________.正确答案是：have come to symbolize changes in social attitude3. What is implied but not directly stated in the passage?正确答案是：ormerly students were not allowed to wear jeans to class.4. The author is of the opinion that__________.请选择答案正确答案是：jeans are likely to be popular for a long time to come5. What do the last two sentences imply?正确答案是：Statesman have failed to reach agreement on the major issues of the world.。
英语考级-2022.12四级真题第1套听力原文
[00:00.00]College English Test Band Four<ch>大学英语四级考试[00:02.74]PartⅡListening Comprehension<ch>第二部分听力理解[00:06.92]Section A<ch>A节[00:08.66]Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.<ch>说明：在本节中，你将听到三篇新闻报道。
[00:13.34]At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.<ch>在每一篇新闻报道的最后，你会听到两个或三个问题。
[00:18.89]Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.<ch>新闻报道和问题将只播放一遍。
[00:22.97]After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).<ch>听到问题后，你需要从A)、B)、C)和D)四个选项中选出最佳答案。
[00:31.42]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.<ch>然后将相应的答案涂在答题卡1上。
[00:37.96]News Report One<ch>新闻一[00:40.60]Operations at one of Australia's largest gold mines had to be temporarily suspended on Friday after a partial wall collapse at one of the mine's dams.<ch>周五，澳大利亚最大金矿之一的一个大坝发生部分墙体倒塌，不得不暂时停止运营。
成都理工大学大学英语四阅读材料精简答案
Passage 1Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement?This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that___.A) every glance has its significance2. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is___.B) to avoid eye contact with other passengers3. By "a dimming of the lights" (Line 13,Para.1 )Erving Goffman means___.C) ceasing to glance at others4. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends tofeel___.B) uneasy5. The passage mainly discusses___.D) the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication. Passage 2Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News.But I’m not just in the business of making people cry. I’m in the business of chang e.”6. Geraldo Rivera is working as a(n)______.B. investigative reporter for a special TV program7. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work?D. Five8. Rivera’s inves tigation and expose on the conditions atWillowbrookStateSchool led to _____.D. all of the above9. The term “One-to-One” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______.A. an organization in the community that helps take bettercare of the mentally disabled10. The author suggests in this passage that_____.B. Rivera never tries to conceal his own compassion in hisreportingPassage 3In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters (年轻人) who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.11. The elders of contemporary Americans___.C) usually witnessed the birth or death of a family member12. Children in America today are denied the chance___.A) to learn how to face death13. Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of___.D) learning how to best help them and their families14. The need of a dying patient for company shows___.A) his desire for communication with other people15. It may be concluded from the passage that___.C) dying patients should be truthfully informed of their conditionPassage4The oldest and simplest method, then, of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types. Such a system is called a Typology.A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B.C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that therewere four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.16. This passage focuses on________.C. personality theory and classification17. According to Hippocrates’ fluid theory, a person with a perfect balance of all the four humors in him_________.B. had a pleasant and agreeable temperament18. Which of the following is NOT true?C. people with an oversupply of blood would easily getexcited19. Modern personality theories and classifications______.A. are often very different because personality itself israther complicated20. In the forth-coming paragraphs, the author is most probably going to talk about____.B. different opinions of psychologists about the factors indetermining personalityPassage 5Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.21. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that___.A) it protects him against the harmful rays from space22. We know from the passage that___.B) the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming23. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members___.D) remains unknown24. It can be inferred from the passage that___.B) protection from space radiation is no easy job25. The best title for this passage would be___.C) Effects of Space RadiationPassage 6Although the United Kingdom covers only a small area of the earth’s surface, it represents people of many different origins and cultures.26. In this passage the author intends to tell the origin of ____.A. the British27. From the passage we know that_______.D. almost every British citizen had his or her family originfrom somewhere else28. According to the passage, the earliest inhabitants in Britain were______.C. Stone Age hunters and gatherers29. Thanks to ______ we can learn about the earliest inhabitants in Britain.D. The Romans occupying the Celtic Kingdoms in Britain30. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?D. There were blacksmiths in Britain before 700 BC. Passage 7The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute.versa (反之亦然).31. Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of "environment" as the author sees it?D) Oversimplified.32. According to the author the concept of "environment" is difficult to explain because___.C) the organism and the environment influence each other33. In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that___.C) man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environment34. As for culture, the author points out that___.B) it is also affected by environmental factors35. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with___.A) the interpretation of the term "environment"Passage 8Together with earthquakes, volcanoes are phenomena which both delight and terrify the human mind at the same time.36. V olcanoes______.D. delight people and, on the other hand, terrify them37. The first paragraph implies that in classical times____.A. there were a lot of volcanic eruptions on the islandof Vulcano38. The word vent(Para. 2, Line 1)means_______.A. something like a chimney in the volcano39. According to this passage, most of the world’s volcaniceruptions_____.C. are neither extremely destructive nor extremelynondestructive40. According to _____, the Pelean type is the most explosive type ofV olcano.B. the nature of the explosionPassage 9If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise--and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.41. The team of doctors wanted to find out___.A) why certain people age sooner than others42. On what are their research findings based?C) The study of brain volumes of different people.43. The doctor's tests show that___.D) some people's brains have contracted more than other44. The word "subjects" in Paragraph 5 means___.C) persons chosen to be studied in an experiment45. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?A) LawyersPassage 10It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.46. According to the passage, memory is considered to be _____.B. an ability to store experiences for future use47. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of human being shows that______.C. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller eventhan a teenager’s48. The whole passage implies that____.C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems49. The phrase “in terms of” in the last sentence can best be replaced by______.B. expressed by50. The topic of the passage is:B. Memory is of vital importance to life.Passage11In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth's postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. (失误).51. What is the main purpose of this passage?D) To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.52. According to the passage, the initial concern about computers was that they might___.B) take control of the world53. The passage recommends those dealing with computers to___.A) be reasonably doubtful about them54. The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is___.D) fundamental55. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of___.B) the use of one's internal computerPassage 12A new enemy is threatening Japanese traditions: leisure. As part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more. The workers are disgusted.56. The purpose of getting the Japanese to have more spare time isthat______.B. the government needs to get more goods from abroad57. The group of people who welcome the shorter-hour system in Japan is_____.B. the industrialists58. The unions think that ______.C. the shorter hours they work, the less pay they can have59. What is the result of the younger Japanese’s reaction to the leisure industry?C. It becomes more and more flourishing60. The best title for this passage can be_____.B. Leisure: the Greatest Threat!Passage 13In the 196Os,medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful.61. The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us____.C) what kind of event would cause stress62. The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to___.B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause63. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows___.A) how much pressure you are under64. Why is "such simplistic advice" (Line 1,Para.3) impossible to follow?D) You could be missing opportunities as well.65. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become___.C) more capable of coping with adversityPassage 14Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car willremain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.66. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be___.C) its power source67. What is the author's main concern?D) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.68. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?B) A rail.69. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to dois___.C) inform the system of his destination by phone70. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?A) Optimistic.Passage 15It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean's largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.71. The passage is chiefly about___.B) the civilian use of a military detection system72. The underwater listening system was originally designed___.A) to trace and locate enemy vessels73. The deep-sea listening system makes use of____.C) the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound74. It can be inferred from the passage that___.D) military technology has great potential in civilian use75. Which of the following is true about the U. S. Navy underwater listening network?A) It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.Passage 16In Britain arrangement for inviting and entertaining guests at a wedding is usually the responsibility of the bride’s family. (牧师)76. It is the bride’s parents who normally have to ______ .A) make all the arrangements for the wedding77. According to the passage some guests may be invited because______ .c) their presence could provide future benefits78. Why are the arrangements for a church wedding usually made sometime before?d) To ensur e a thorough investigation of the couple’s existingmarital status.79. What possible difference is suggested between a church and a civilwedding?c) Guests at civil weddings are less formally dressed.80. The reception normally takes place in the bride’s home if ______ .b) there is enough room to entertain the people invited Passage 17Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small.Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches.81. Pruning should be done to ______ .B) improve the shape of the tree82. Tree becomes unhealthy if the gardener ______ .A) allows too many branches to grow in the middle83. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?B) To prevent disease entering a wound.84. A good gardener prunes a tree _____ .C) occasionally when necessary85. What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?B) To give a general description of pruning.Passage 18The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Shops are choked with food. Rationing（定量供应）undance86. Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion” about thefood situation in Britain?C) Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.87. The main reason for the rise in food prices is that ______ .B) the government is providing less support for agriculture88.Why didn’t the government’s expansion programme work very well?B) Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits ofexpanding production.89. The decrease in world food prices was a result of ______ .D) the overproduction on the part of the main food-exportingcountries90. What did the future look like for Britain’s food production at thetime this article was written?D) It looks depressing despite government guarantees. Passage 19It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel.. Perhaps the situation calls for “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.91. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily causedby ________.C) the behavior of the driver92. The sentence “ You might tolerate the odd road-hog … the rule.”( para. 1) implies that ________.D) nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority ofmotorists93. By “good sense”, the writer means ________.A) the driver’s ability to unde rstand and react reasonably94. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownershipexplosion, ________.B) drivers should be ready to yield to each other95. In the writer’s opinion ________.B) drivers should apply road politeness properlyPassage 20There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual…. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.96. The passage mainly discusses ________.A) the origin of theater97. In the first paragraph, the author discusses ________.C) the connection between myths and dramatic plots98. The word “enactment” in Line 15 is closest in meaning to________.B) performance99. The main difference between ritual and drama is that ________.D) ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not100. The passage supports ________.A) no one really knows how the theatre beganPassage 21For years the prevailing wisdom on how immigrants fare in the labor market in the United States has been based on the notion that assimilation is the key, even determining factor. Drawing mainly on 1970 Census data,……. The positive effect of assimilation is sosmall that there is little chance the average immigrant will evercatch up with the native workers.101. It can be inferred from the passage that previously it was thought the earnings of the immigrants were low because ______.C)they had poor language and work skills102. According to the passage the role of assimilation in determining the earnings of the immigrants is ______.B) a controversial factor103. Mexican immigrants have higher employment rates because ______.D)many illegal foreigners would rather accept low-paying jobs104. It can be inferred from the passage that “assimilation” means ______.A) merging105. The main topic of the passage is ______.D)cause of immigrants’ different employment situations in theU.S.Passage 22The Security Council is the most powerful body in the UN. It is responsible for maintaining international peace, and for restoring peace when conflicts arise. 一致同意）106. Which is TRUE in the following statements according to the passage?B) All UN members should abide by the decisions adopted by theSecurity Council.107. The Security Council is effective only when its permanent members canreach a consensus because ____.A) every permanent member has the veto right of great powers 108. One motion（提议）is adopted by the Security Council only if ____.C) 9 members agree on it and all the permanent members approve of it109. The passage introduces all things about the Security Council EXCEPT____.D) history110. The last paragraph of this passage may be concluded with the statementthat ____.A) UN gives priority to peaceful settlement of the conflicts among countriesPassage 23Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station—a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.(草木繁茂的)111. Antarctica is scientifically important in that ____.D) it can help people detect global environmental changes112. The reason for the disappearance of glaciers in the dry valley is____.C) the global warming trend ever since the ice age113. When the author calls Antarctica “distant early warning sensor”, he actually means that ____.C) potential global changes can be seen on Antarctica first114. Which of the following statements is true according to thearticle?D) All the countries on earth should be concerned about the health of theWest Antarctic Ice Sheet.115 The word “spotted”(2nd paragraph) can best be replaced by____.B) noticedPassage 24There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.116. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .B) promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment117) Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .C) there are so many people out of work118. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .D) keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview119. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .A) something that would distinguish one from other applicants120. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .B) there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesPassage 25In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments…. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent—controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city. 121. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .A) cause a shortage of apartments122. According to the critics, rent control .C) will bring negative effects in the long run123. The problem of unemployment will arise .A) if the minimum wage is set too high124. The passage tells us .B) the possible results of government controls125. Which of the following statements is NOT true?D) Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.Answers to the Questions:1.A2.B3.C4.B5.D6.B7.D8.D9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.A15.C16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.D 30.D 31.D 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.A 46.B 47.C 48.C 49.B 50.B 51.D 52.B 53.A 54.B 55.D 56.B 57.B 58.C 59.C 60.B 61.C 62.B 63.A 64.D 65.C 66.C 67.D 68.B 69.C 70.A 71.B 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.APassage 16: ( 76 – 80 ) A C D C B Passage 17: ( 81 – 85 ) B A B C B Passage 18: ( 86 – 90) C B B D D Passage 19: ( 91 – 95 ) C D A B B Passage 20: ( 96 –100 ) A C B D A Passage 21: ( 101 –105 ) C B D A DPassage 22: ( 106 –110 ) B A C D A Passage 23: ( 111 – 115) D C C D BPassage 24: (116 – 120 ) B C D A B Passage 25: (121 – 125 ) A C A B D。
2022专升本成都理工大学英语试卷答案详解
2022专升本成都理工大学英语试卷答案详解1、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)2、2．The villagers want to have a bridge. Can this dream ________? [单选题] *A．come outB．get awayC．come true(正确答案)D．get out3、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking4、_____how to do with the trouble of the computer, Tom had to ask his brother for help. [单选题] *A.Not to knowB.Not knowing(正确答案)C.Not knownD.Not know5、32．Mr. Black is ______ now, so he wants to go to a movie with his son. [单选题] *A．busyB．free(正确答案)C．healthyD．right6、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any7、Could you tell me _____ to fly from Chicago to New York? [单选题] *A.it costs how muchB. how much does it costC. how much costs itD.how much it costs(正确答案)8、66．—How much meat do you want?—________．[单选题] * A．Sorry, there isn't anyB．I can't give you anyC．Half a kilo, please(正确答案)D．Twelve yuan a kilo9、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining10、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after11、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best. [单选题] *A. fruitB. vegetable(正确答案)C. drinkD. meat12、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)13、( ) Some students preferred to stay in the toilet ______ do morning exercises. [单选题] *A in order to notB in not order toC in order not to(正确答案)D not in order to14、He was?very tired，so he stopped?_____ a rest. [单选题] *A. to have(正确答案)B. havingC. haveD. had15、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make16、76．—Could you tell me ________the bank?—Turn right and it's on your right. [单选题]* A．how get toB．how to getC．how getting toD．how to get to(正确答案)17、The Titanic is a nice film. I _______ it twice. [单选题] *A. sawB. seeC. have seen(正确答案)D. have saw18、16．Lily is a lovely girl. We all want to ________ friends with her. [单选题] * A．haveB．make(正确答案)C．doD．take19、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini20、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if21、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)22、Be careful when you _______ the street. [单选题] *A. are crossingB. is crossingC. cross(正确答案)D. is cross23、He kept walking up and down, which was a sure（）that he was very worried. [单选题] *A. sign(正确答案)B. characterC. natureD. end24、6．—How can we get to the school?—________ bus. [单选题] *A．ToB．OnC．By(正确答案)D．At25、I like the food very much.It is _______. [单选题] *A. terribleB. expensiveC. delicious(正确答案)D. friendly26、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself(正确答案)27、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent28、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that29、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] * A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly30、—Why do you look so ______?—Our team won the basketball match!（）[单选题] *A. angryB. excited(正确答案)C. nervousD. unfair。
成都理工大学外国语学院2016年硕士研究生拟录取名单_成都理工大学考研
院
型
外国语学
专业
0893
102716210000875 赵翘楚 英语口译
调剂 368 89.2 89.68
院
型
外国语学
0894
103946210112221 李睿
院
专业
英语口译
调剂
型
350 84.48 86.59
外国语学
专业
0895
104866102002811 徐晨 英语口译
调剂 389 85.2 76.08
调剂 354 84.2 87.08
院
型
外国语学
专业
0864
104916214013494 朱金源 英语笔译
调剂
院
型
357 82.88 76.35
外国语学
专业
0865
105586210108281 罗静斯 英语笔译
调剂 367 87.6 89.04
院
型
外国语学
专业
0866
105616000007794 郭齐园 英语笔译
外国语学
专业
0887
106506140231275 朱小林 英语笔译
调剂
院
型
363 82.08 83.23
外国语学
专业
0888
106506140231286 陈炼 英语笔译
调剂 350 88 88.00
院
型
外国语学
专业
0889
106506140231289 王雨 英语笔译
调剂 371 86 88.40
调剂
型
360 83.48 73.59
外国语学
专业
0908
118466010003105 李冀超 英语口译
CET-4阅读理解文章题材及体裁分析
阅读材料的题材分析 根据考试⼤纲的规定，四级阅读⽂章应当体现题材⼴泛的特点，但所涉及的背景知识应能为学⽣所理解。
纵观1997～ 2002年全真阅读试题，在出现的近60篇短⽂中，涉及⼈⽂类题材的(包括⽂化、历史、教育、⽂学、风俗习惯、⾳乐等)共计 30篇，占总数的50%；社科类题材的(如社会学、⼼理学、经济学等)约占25%，其余为科普类短⽂。
上述统计表明，尽管阅读⽂章题材⼴泛，但从学科划分的⼤类分析，⼜表现为相对集中的特征，即学⽣较为熟悉的⼈⽂类、社科类题材约占总数的3／4，⽽涉及⼀定科学常识、学⽣较为陌⽣的科普题材(如⾃然科学、⽣命科学)只约占总数的1／4。
由此可见，四级阅读篇章基本为常见题材，应在学⽣的掌握范围之内。
但应注意最近⼏年科普类阅读⽂章有所增加。
就体裁⽽⾔，虽然⼤纲规定了阅读短⽂体裁应体现多样化，但从历年全真题来看，体裁为议论⽂和说明⽂的短⽂占到将近90%，描写⽂也有⼀定的数量。
综上所述，四级全真考题题材与体裁分布特征明显。
在题材难度不⼤的情况下，考⽣可以集中精⼒探讨⼀下英语议论⽂和说明⽂的⽂体特征和论证⼿法，以培养正确的阅读和解题思路。
阅读材料的体裁分析 ⼀篇好的阅读短⽂应当⾃成⼀体(self-contained)，其中的观点和论据都应与主题或中⼼思想密切相关，即所谓形式上的衔接性与内容上的连贯性。
⽆论是议论⽂还是说明⽂，都有⼀个贯穿全⽂的主线：引论-本论-结论。
读者如果在阅读过程中始终把握这⼀主线，并且围绕主线判断细节与事实，那么⽆论什么样的提问，都可迎刃⽽解。
1.议论⽂的结构特征及论证⽅法 议论⽂的⽬的是"说服"，即作者⼒图使读者同意并⽀持其观点，或驳斥某⼀观点。
⼀篇好的议论⽂必须具备以下基本的结构特征：(1)有⼀个有争议的观点；(2)有充⾜的证据；(3)逻辑性强。
掌握以上三个特征，读者在阅读某篇短⽂时⾃会有⼀个明确的判断并采取相应的对策。
四川省成都外国语学校2023-2024学年高一下学期7月月考英语试题
四川省成都外国语学校2023-2024学年高一下学期7月月考英语试题一、听力选择题1．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Mum and son.B．Teacher and student.C．Doctor and patient. 2．When will the woman take her flight?A．On the 22nd.B．On the 23rd.C．On the 24th.3．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．School activities.B．Favorite subjects.C．Test scores.4．What does the woman mean?A．The man has to leave.B．She offers another option.C．She can’t make it. 5．Where does the conversation take place?A．In a bookstore.B．At a restaurant C．In a library.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
6．Why does Monica choose Tai Chi instead of yoga?A．It enjoys popularity.B．It requires less tension.C．It reflects Chinese culture. 7．What’s the true significance of Tai Chi?A．Maintaining balance.B．Strengthening muscles.C．Preventing diseases.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
8．Why does George want to go to the book exhibition?A．To buy a book.B．To meet a penfriend.C．To do a book signing. 9．What will the woman do before going to the book exhibition?A．Visit her parents.B．Go to her son’s school.C．Pick up Sarah.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
《英语语法》期末试卷11-12年B卷
成都理工大学外国语学院2011－2012学年第二学期《英语语法》期末试卷(B)请将此誓言译成汉语，然后再慎重签上你的姓名：On my honor as a student I have neither given nor received any help for this assignment/test.Signature:Sectiong I. Multiple choice（50×1＝50points)Directions：There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part。
For each sentence there are four choices marked A)，B), C) and D)。
Choose the ONEanswer that best completes the sentence。
Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center。
1. At,the baby，when a biscuit was held in front of him，immediately grabbed itwith both hands.A. six—and—a-half—monthB. six-and—a-half monthsC。
six and a—half months D. six—and a-half months2。
There’re twentyin our university.A。
woman professors B。
women professorC。
woman’s professors D. women professors3。
For lunch, I had a sandwich and an apple。
2024学年成都外国语学校高三第二次调研英语试卷(含解析)
2024学年成都外国语学校高三第二次调研英语试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．If I can help , I don’t like working late into the night.A．so B．that C．them D．it2．Lucy_ _writing her essay by 10:00 this morning. After that, she listened to music for a while.A．will finish B．finishesC．has finished D．had finished3．It’s always difficult ______ in a foreign country, especially when you don’t speak the language.A．being B．to beC．having been D．to have been4．When the girl did ________ the courage to tell her parents what had happened, unfortunately her own family didn't believe her.A．work out B．work up C．work at D．work on5．Regarding China-US differences on human rights issues, Hong said the two sides can enhance mutual understanding through dialogue ______ on equality and mutual respect.A．based B．to base C．basing D．base6．______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.A．Calling B．Call C．To call D．Having called7．Keep up your spirits even if you _____ fail hundreds of times.A．must B．needC．may D．should8．My new job _______ my travelling all over the country, which means I won’t be able to spend much time with my family.A．takes B．promises C．involves D．causes9．The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught in the exam.A．to cheat B．cheating C．cheated D．cheat10．________ on February 5, 2019, the Wandering Earth soon became a great hit.A．Releasing B．Being releasedC．Released D．To release11．—She got her first science fiction published. It turned out to be________.—When was that?—It was in 2009 ________ she was still in college.A．success; that B．a success; whenC．success; when D．a success; that12．Whitney Houston’s sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem ________ we should deal with it appropriately.A．as B．that C．which D．where13．—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?—I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.A．must B．wouldC．should D．might14．—How do you find the health club?—I would rather I ______ it. I feel its management is going from bad to worse.A．haven’t joi ned B．hadn’t joinedC．didn’t join D．had joined15．Nature is understandable in the sense ______ she will answer truly and reward with discoveries when we ask her questions via observation.A．that B．whereC．how D．what16．A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ you year ahead.A．sharpen B．switchC．stretch D．shape17．The 114 colorful clay Warriors ____ at No. 1 pit, ______ in height from 1.8m to 2m, have black hair, green, white or pink faces, and black or brown eyes.A．unearthed; ranging B．unearthing; rangingC．unearthed; ranged D．are unearthed; are ranging18．She is ____________ being pleased about it ; she is very angry.A．free from B．free of C．out of D．far from19．—______ you sing and dance at this late hour of the night?—Sorry, I will stop right now.A．May B．ShallC．Will D．Must20．— Lucy, could you please spare me a few minutes?一, but I hope “a few minutes”, won’t turn into an hour.A．It doesn’t matter B．That's kind of youC．I’m afraid not D．I guess so第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
从《蝇王》看威廉戈尔丁的原罪思想
2018年14期总第402期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS从《蝇王》看威廉戈尔丁的原罪思想文/蔡好雨 张璐 李燕俐【摘要】为了引起人们对人性的反思，通过对《蝇王》中情节、人物性格以及对原罪起源的分析，揭示作者威廉戈尔丁对原罪的理解和个人观点，以达到反思人性、追求文明进步的目的。
从《圣经》的原罪观出发，介绍了戈尔丁独特的人性观，即没有人可以避免与生俱来的原罪，但现代文明使人实现自我救赎。
分析讨论小说中的原罪主题，讨论人类互相残杀的根源，反思人性与生俱来的缺陷，并呼吁现代文明对人性的救赎。
【关键词】《蝇王》；原罪；救赎；文明【作者简介】蔡好雨(1994- )，女，四川绵阳人，成都理工大学外国语学院，硕士在读，主要研究方向：英语口译；张璐(1994- )，女，辽宁大连人，成都理工大学外国语学院，硕士在读，主要研究方向：英语笔译；李燕俐(1989- )，女，四川自贡人，成都理工大学外国语学院，硕士在读，主要研究方向：英语口译。
【基金项目】成都理工大学外国语学院2017年“法亚外语”研究项目。
一、威廉戈尔丁的原罪观威廉·戈尔丁的几乎所有作品都揭示了人类背叛神的结局。
威廉·戈尔丁认为，人的原罪是归因于对神灵的背叛，这将不可避免地导致人类最终的死亡和堕落。
戈尔丁对人性的的哲学观点植根于如二战以及美苏争霸等历史事件。
1.原罪起源。
原罪思想是以《圣经》中亚当和夏娃的故事为基础的，尽管圣经从不使用“原罪”这个词。
对这是一个系统的解释，是由北非神学家奥古斯丁提出的。
传统认为，亚当夏娃偷吃禁果，因此产生了罪，这种罪恶将世代遗传给后人。
这个说法在《圣经》中是有根据的。
虽然人类的状况(痛苦、死亡和普遍的罪恶倾向)是在《创世纪》前几章亚当的堕落故事所描述的，但希伯来圣经并没有描写原罪会遗传给整个人类。
奥古斯丁在《基督的恩典和人类的原罪》一书中指出罪源于人的自由意志的滥用。
奥古斯丁认为，原罪触发了人类更加具体的罪行，并以基因传播的形式传播。
2022年四川大学英语四级考试真题卷
2022 年四川大学英语四级考试真题卷本卷共分为 1 大题 50 小题，作答时间为 180 分钟，总分 100 分，60 分及格。
一、单项选择题（共50 题，每题 2 分。
每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.All the memories of his childhood had from his mind by the time he was 65.A：faded B：illustrated C：comfined D：concerned2.This river is so big that it is impossible to build aunder it without modern technology.A：canalB：tunnel C：channel D：cable第1页共17页is nearly dead , so I can not start the car 3.Theagain. A：bean B：beamC：bake D：battery4.When making modern cameras , people began toplastics for metal. A：surround B：substanceC：stretch D：substitute5.With the help of the government , a large number of peopleafter the flood in 1991.A：survivedB：suspended C：suffered D：subfected第2页共17页6.He always has a lot of ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about. A：novelB：spoilC：acceptableD：additional7.Please be serious. I am not. You should consider it carefullyA：sortingB：jokingC：countingD：comparing8.W e do not have a school in our institute. the highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .A：continue B：bay C：assistance第3页共17页9.I n the United States, the foreign policy is decided by thegovernment, not by each state.A：federalB：figure C：scientific D：service10.H e works in our university as a visiting , not asa formal faculty member.A：traditionalB：scholar C：nurse D：pilot11.W hen you fill in the application form, please use youraddress so that we can contact you easily later. A：policyB：plain C：permanent第4页共17页to be a polite man. But in fact he is very 12.J ohnrude. A：pretends B：assures C：affords D：melts13.W e can not trust him any more because he oftenhis duty. A：owes B：spoilsC：deserts D：neglects14.I n order to increase our output, we need to import more production .A：facilities B：hens C：votes第5页共17页15.W hen a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s.A：surface B：atmosphere C：attitude D：bentbetween China and 16.T his river forms a naturalKorea. A：boundary B：string C：spot D：zone17.S he is already 16 years old. But she as if she were still a little girl.A：believes B：absorbs C：accrses第6页共17页18.W e are at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester.A：distinguished B：annoyed C：astonishedD：scoredthe medicines to the people in the 19.T he doctorsflood area. A：distributed B：packed C：prayedD：undertook20.M uch of the news provided by this newspaper is , not foreign.A：domestic B：strain C：purchase第7页共17页21.H e tried to relations with his former wife but he failed.A：measure B：maintain C：shelter D：reply22.H e to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to find a better job.A：resolved B：resorted C：requested D：reserved23.T he work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy.A：research B：rescue C：vessel第8页共17页D：vast24.M any kinds of animals are believed to have from the earthA：withdrawn B：vanished C：found D：hung25.T he engineers in this lab spent several weekstheir plans for the new bicycle. A：countingB：stripping C：elaborating D：casting26.P ine trees are usually believed to cold weather. A：guardB：accomplish C：roar D：endure第9页共17页27.F ree medical s ervice is to nearly all the college students in China.A：favorite B：available C：convenient D：average28.A fter working for twenty hours without any rest , the doctors were .A：exhausted B：mounted C：wrapped D：restoredfrom smoking 29.T he college students in China areon campus because this will do them no good.A：discouragedB：observed C：obeyed D：obtained第10页共17页30.P rofessor Smith is also the of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help.A：detective B：president C：manager D：directorin our 31.W e won’t allow any foreign country tointernal affairs. A：devote B：districtC：interfere D：wanderall the magazines together.32.W e can notA：route B：draw C：threadD：bind第11页共17页everybody present.33.W hat he said in the meetingA：disgusted B：dismissed C：disposedD：eliminatedthan work.34.S ome lazy men would ratherA：indicate B：declare C：solve D：starvefor what he had done in the class.35.T his boy wasA：scolded B：overcome C：inclinedD：displayed36.S ome states in the United States people to carry guns.第12页共17页A：apply B：charm C：ignoreD：forbid37.C arelessness made him fall in his job .A：interviewB：intention C：stomach D：stocking38.S ometimes it is very difficult to some of the English words. Even the native speaker can not help.A：decreaseB：createC：defineD：delightproblems may apply for student 39.S tudents withloans. A：economic第13页共17页B：financial C：male D：economical40.B oth sugar and salt can in water.A：desertB：absorb C：dissolve D：involve41.I have not heard anything from him since his . A：departureB：fault C：foundation D：acciptanceall 42.W ithout a proper education, people couldkinds of crimes.A：conduct B：stoop C：commit第14页共17页D：sweat43.S everal loudspeakers are from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.A：connected B：sustained C：associated D：suspended44.T his morning in the class, our teacher lost hisat last because he could not stand any more. A：temperB：terror C：verse D：contain45.I t is not for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research. A：continuousB：difficult C：convenient第15页共17页D：sufficient46.W hen traveling alone in the mountains, you’d better takea with you in case you get lost.A：compass B：compress C：complse D：campusthe students from 47.A s a teacher, you should notasking questions in class. A：ruinB：restrain C：import D：impose48.I f you have any problems during your study here , pleaseto call me for helpdo notA：hesitate B：despair C：urge第16页共17页D：request49.T his kind of medicine has the power to poison. A：splashB：resist C：adopt D：occupyso I do not like to talk with him.50.H e is easilyA：defended B：afforded C：createdD：offended第17页共17页。
夜莺与玫瑰橡树的象征意义
夜莺与玫瑰橡树的象征意义【篇一：夜莺与玫瑰橡树的象征意义】《夜莺与玫中的象征意义◎黄俐刘永志 (成都理工大学外国语学院，四川成都 610059) 摘要：夜莺的声音音域宽广，婉转动听；玫瑰芬芳馥郁，象征着坚贞不渝的爱情。
然而，奥斯卡王尔德的童话《夜莺与玫瑰》却感人肺腑，催人泪下。
本文旨在对该作品中夜莺、玫瑰、学生、教授女儿以及其他角色的象征意义作具体分析。
关键词：夜莺；玫瑰；王尔德；唯美主义项目基金：本文获得国家社会科学基金一般项目英国文学在晚清中国的传播和影响(项目编号： 13bzw106)的资助；本文获得成都理工大学优秀创新团队培育计划资助。
奥斯卡王尔德一生所写童话不多，仅有九篇，却篇篇经典，流传千古。
他的童话与格林童话、安徒生童话有所不同，似乎不是写给小孩儿看的，而是写给成年人看的。
几乎每一篇王尔德的童话里，都涉及死亡，都有一颗破碎的心，《夜莺与玫瑰》也不例外。
该作品创作于 19 世纪晚期，在 20 世纪初期经由周作人的推介，胡愈之、穆木天、林徽因、巴金等人的翻译而传入中国，传播了悲剧审美意识观与唯美主义思潮。
林徽因则因此译作被视为当时新女性参与翻译活动的典范，现今很多出版社出版的王尔德童话里的《夜莺与玫瑰》仍然采纳的是林徽因译本。
本文旨在对《夜莺与玫瑰》中主要角色的象征意义作详细分析。
一、夜莺的象征意义关于夜莺的传说和诗篇有很多。
如夜莺因怕蛇，夜晚要靠着玫瑰花刺以保持清醒，由于疼痛而哀歌；夜莺会在月圆的午夜时分飞上最高的玫瑰枝，大声歌唱，借玫瑰刺用自己心中的血将玫瑰染红而死；在古希腊神话中，底比斯国王泽托斯的妻子埃冬失手杀死了自己的亲生女儿埃苔露丝，埃冬死后化作一只夜莺，夜夜悲鸣，以表达自己对女儿的愧疚与哀思；奥维德在《变形记》中也提到受到忒瑞俄斯玷污，满腹冤屈的菲罗墨拉在众神祗的庇佑下化身为一只夜莺；在济慈的名诗《夜莺颂》中，夜莺虽引领着诗人走向美好永恒的极乐世界，但终究曲终人散，回到悲苦的现实生活；无论是锡德尼的《夜莺》，还是布里奇斯的《夜莺》，传递的都是虚无缥缈的乌托邦和哀怨的现实世界?? ?? 总的来说，西方人眼中的夜莺与中国文化中杜鹃的形象比较相近，都带有悲情的成分。
功能对等理论视角下的The Distracted Preacher汉译探究
- 215 -校园英语 / 翻译探究功能对等理论视角下的The Distracted Preacher汉译探究成都理工大学外国语学院/仇平平【摘要】本文简要介绍了奈达及其功能对等理论，结合笔者的翻译实践着重从词汇和句法两个层面介绍了在英语短篇小说汉译实践过程中为实现英汉两种语言的功能对等而采取的翻译策略及技巧，为更多译者在翻译实践中正确理解和运用这一理论提供借鉴。
【关键词】The Distracted Preacher 奈达 功能对等一、奈达及其功能对等理论概述尤金•奈达(Eugene A. Nida ，1914-2011)，是公认的现代翻译理论的奠基人，他在 1964 年出版了《翻译科学初探》，在书中提出了“形式对等”(formal equivalence)和“动态对等”(dynamic equivalence)的概念。
简单地讲，功能对等就是要让译文和原文在语言的功能上对等，而不是在语言的形式上对应。
译文应在功能上与原作对等，并且他把判断对等与否的大权交给了读者的心理反应，也就是说决定是否对等的是读者。
在奈达看来，翻译就是要在接受语中以最自然的方式重现原文中的信息，首先是重现意义，然后是风格。
要让原文和译文对等，就必须使译文自然，要达到这个目标就必须摆脱原文语言结构对译者的束缚。
译文在译文读者心中的反应是否和原文在原文读者心中的心理反应相似才是奈达所关注的。
二、功能对等理论在本篇小说英译汉实践中的应用在进行小说翻译时，应确保译文不仅能准确传达原文的内容而且要能再现原著的社会背景、人物关系及艺术意境等。
功能对等强调的是语言之间、文化之间能通过寻找翻译共同语，以恰当的方式重新组织信息的形式和语义结构而进行交际。
下文将以哈代的小说The Distracted Preacher 汉译为例，在功能对等理论的指导下，从词汇层面和句法层面对小说翻译过程中实现功能对等的方法进行探讨。
1.词汇层面的功能对等。
(1)直译加注。