大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

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英语四六级段落匹配技巧

英语四六级段落匹配技巧
5. 排除干扰选项:有时候,选项中可能会出现与原文段落相关但不是最佳匹配的选项。通 过排除干扰选项,可以更好地找到正确的匹配选项。
英语四六级段落匹配技巧
6. 注意词义转换:在段落匹配中,有时候原文中的词汇会被转换成近义词或同义词在选项 中出现。因此,要注意词义转换,以便准确地匹配段落。
7. 注意段落的逻辑关系:段落之间通常存在逻辑关系,如因果关系、对比关系、配段落。
英语四六级段落匹配技巧
3. 寻找关键信息:在阅读材料时,注意段落中的关键信息,如事实、数据、例子、观点等 。将这些关键信息与选项中的段落概要进行对比,找到相匹配的信息。
4. 注意段落顺序:段落匹配题通常会按照段落的顺序进行排列。因此,注意段落的顺序以 及选项中的段落概要的顺序,这有助于确定正确的匹配选项。
英语四六级段落匹配技巧
在英语四六级考试中,段落匹配是一个常见的题型,需要考生根据阅读材料的段落内容和 选项中的段落概要进行匹配。以下是一些段落匹配的技巧:
1. 全面理解段落:在阅读材料时,要全面理解每个段落的主题和内容。注意段落的开头和 结尾,它们通常包含段落的主旨和总结。
2. 确定选项关键词:仔细阅读选项中的段落概要,找出关键词或短语,这些关键词通常与 原文段落中的关键词相对应。
最重要的是,要多做练习,熟悉段落匹配的题型和技巧。通过反复练习,提高对段落的理 解和匹配能力,从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。

CET4匹配题的解题技巧.

CET4匹配题的解题技巧.

匹配题非常重要的2句话:1.善于找关键词,回到文章里去定位;关键词两边打圈圈。

(1-3个A.数字B.专有名词C.副词–ly D.比较级和最高级2.注意换词换句:题目和文章中某些词或句表达方式不同,但意思相同或相近。

1.skimming 略读主旨题2.scanning 寻读细节题A.把握文章布局。

B.在题目中确定关键词。

C.定位:。

信息匹配的解题技巧1一. 信息匹配题的特点信息匹配题是近来出现的一个新题型,其目的是考查考生通过快速阅读获取信息和处理信息的能力。

二. 主要解题方法:(1顺读法。

(Skimming略读:了解短文大意,明确题目要求。

按照题目内容顺序快速浏览文章首句、尾句和关键词语,来了解文段的大意并明确试题的具体要求,然后再按照符合的要求进行匹配。

(建议使用这种方法,比较容易记住信息点(2倒读法。

(Scanning 查读:依照题项信息,寻找匹配信息。

先读懂后面的题项,抓住关键信息,然后再带着所获关键信息,有针对地查找所需要的或相关的匹配信息,选择到一个就划记一个选项,免得干扰视线。

三. 考点预测:信息匹配题可能涉及到的内容有:(1 与人们的日常生活相关的信息,如:求职、招聘、购物、餐饮、食品、电脑配置、手机选择、购车、购房等;(2 与人们的休闲娱乐相关的信息,如:旅游度假、电视频道的选择、电影信息、娱乐明星、运动健身等;(3 与人们获取知识相关的信息,如:网站搜索、选择适当的课程、大学专业的选择、各类书籍的选择等。

(关于阅读这个部分,分数占得比较重,能否在有限的时间内高效率的完成是英语是否获得高分的关键,其中在阅读时的一些习惯也要注意,有必要对文段中的一些重要句子单词用笔划记下来,这样可以加深你的印象也让你在寻找信息时目光有落点,切忌用笔尖逐字或尺子逐行的去阅读。

Odor = smell四. 信息匹配题的3条解题技巧技巧1: 巧用先题后文法先题后文法是同学们做阅读理解非常常用的一种方法,它指的是在做阅读理解题时,先读题目,然后带着问题去读文章,遇上相关信息画上记号,最后再通过分析和比较得出答案。

四级匹配题技巧

四级匹配题技巧

四级匹配题技巧
四级匹配题是一种难度较大的题型,需要考生具备较强的阅读能力和信息匹配能力。

以下是一些常见的技巧和策略,可以帮助考生更好地应对这种题型:
1. 先看题目,再读文章。

通过题目,可以了解文章的主题和重点,然后在阅读文章时有针对性地查找相关信息。

2. 标记关键词。

在阅读文章时,标记出重要关键词,例如人名、地名、时间、数字等,以便在匹配时能够快速找到相关信息。

3. 注意同义替换。

四级匹配题中经常出现同义替换的情况,考生需要特别注意原文中的同义词汇,以便在匹配时能够快速理解原文含义。

4. 顺序做题。

四级匹配题一般按照文章顺序出题,因此考生可以按照文章顺序依次做题,避免漏题或错题。

5. 严格把控时间。

四级匹配题需要考生在短时间内完成,因此考生需要严格把控时间,尽可能在规定时间内完成所有题目。

6. 多练习。

练习是提高四级匹配题技巧和能力的关键,考生可
以通过刷题和模拟考试来提高答题速度和准确度。

总之,四级匹配题需要考生具备较强的阅读能力和信息匹配能力,考生需要通过不断的练习和总结来提高答题效率和准确率。

英语四级匹配题技巧

英语四级匹配题技巧

英语四级匹配题技巧英语四级匹配题技巧四六级考试掌握一些技巧很重要。

那么,以下是店铺收集整理的英语四级匹配题技巧,欢迎大家分享。

英语四级匹配题技巧:一、先题后文先看题再看文章,能够将更多简单的题先做出来。

当简单题全部处理完毕之后,剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。

所以,一定要先题后文,稍后再文题同步或先文后题。

二、关键词定位和同义替换其实段落信息匹配题只考两个点,一个点很简单:看到什么,定位什么,选择什么;而另外一个则是通过定位确定位置,然后再进行一次切换之后才能发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。

三、请输入标题 bcdef四六级考委会发布的样题中,关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的:You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived(你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的)。

换一种表达方式叫which paragraph contains the following information(哪一段包含了以下的信息)。

接下来,我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位(key words positioning)和同义替换(paraphrasing)在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。

1. 关键词定位Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.这道题是四级样卷第47道题,就属于比较简单的题目。

当看到这道题的时候,同学们应该关注划线的两个数据,而mid-1970s的意义绝对没有3.9%大。

因为前者是一个时间段,有可能经常出现,而后者是一个具体数值,具体数值高频出现的可能性不大。

大家都知道,越高频的单词或短语越不能成为我们的核心钩划点,所以,两相比较,要把3.9%作为定位关键词。

[实用参考]大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

[实用参考]大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四、六级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么?长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

四级考试需要各位同学做的是,大家需要去看十个左右的段落,然后去匹配十个信息点。

但是到六级当中,我们的难度就要增加了,我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落,去匹配十个信息点。

但总体来看,不管题型怎么变,其实学习方法没变,还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力,比如说读文章的时候,是不是直接拿英语读,如果读快速阅读的时候,还是拿中文边翻译边读的话,会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢,所以那么长的文章很难找到细节,所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯,这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。

二、信息匹配题难点分析1.考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原则”解题。

由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配,因此细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的”,这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。

2.题干信息复杂,考生难以迅速抓住要领。

题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句,考生往往在寻找到合适的定位词之前,就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。

3.考生难以寻找到合适的定位词。

即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂的细节信息,但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍。

因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。

即使考生能够找到一个定位词,这一定位词也通常和文章主题密切相关,会在文章中多次出现,因而也没有太大的意义。

三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧匹配类题型有很多种,常见的种类有:1)人名-观点匹配;2).地名-描述匹配;3)句子-句子匹配;4)分类题(Classification);5)段落-标题匹配;6段落-细节匹配。

四级段落匹配题技巧

四级段落匹配题技巧

四级段落匹配题技巧
四级匹配题的做题技巧
1、将选项代入原文,核对排除,将选项代入原文排除筛选正确选项,然后在浏览检查。

2、严格把控时间,15分钟内做完,要严格按照时间做完匹配题,每个题型分配的时间要均匀,不能把时间过多放在匹配题上。

3、先题后文,快速了解文章主旨。

先读题干,然后带着选项去通读全文,可以快速掌握文章的主旨。

4、圈画特殊词汇,关键词定位。

要养成随手划重点词和重点句的习惯,这对后面做题很有帮助,可以定位关键词。

5、学会同义词替换,要多积累往年的同义替换词。

平时多注意同义词替换方面的积累,不仅能帮助我们的阅读,还能帮助我们写作。

四级匹配题的做题方法
1、先题后文,要精读题目,只需要大致浏览一下全文,知道文章大概意思即可,带着问题通读全文。

2、划出题中关键词,看选项的时候要注意抓关键词,看选项的意思与全文哪段
落意思比较接近,找关键词一定要用笔画出来。

3、把匹配题文章大致阅读一遍,通过大致浏览全文来结合选项再来看题,注意与前后文的联系是否一致,认真比对自己所选的选项和后面题中的关键词,看前后是否相同。

4、有针对性地阅读一遍,最后再有重点地带着问题去找答案。

注意事项
1、做这道题不需要一五一十全部读完原文后再选选项,只需要匹配关键词句就可以了;
2、在匹配的过程中,可能会出现两题选同一段落;
3、信息匹配题不遵循顺序原则;
4、做题限时在10分钟内解决,最长别超过15分钟
5、任何题型想拿高分,单词一定是基础!。

四级段落匹配做题技巧

四级段落匹配做题技巧

四级段落匹配做题技巧
1. 嘿呀,先拿到题可别乱了阵脚呀!就像你找宝藏,得先清楚地图呀!比如说这篇文章是讲运动的,那你就赶紧在脑海里勾勒出运动相关的关键词呀,像跑步、健身啥的。

然后带着这些去找匹配的段落,不就容易多啦?
2. 哎呀,一定一定要认真看题干呀!别像个糊涂虫似的。

比如题干说“有趣的运动经历”,那你就专门去找讲经历的段落呗,别找那些瞎扯别的内容的,这不就明确目标啦?
3. 还有哦,速度可不能慢腾腾的呀!这可不是让你慢悠悠散步呢!就好比比赛跑步,你得冲起来呀!快速浏览文章和选项,抓住关键信息,别在那磨磨蹭蹭的。

4. 别死盯着一个地方不放呀!你想想,要是钥匙掉了,你就死盯着一个小角落,能找到吗?得全面搜索呀!段落匹配也是,别只看前面几段,后面的也很重要呀!
5. 嘿,碰到不确定的先别急着放弃呀!就像爬山,遇到个陡坡,你难道就不爬啦?再仔细看看,说不定就找到线索啦,犹豫啥呀!
6. 可别马马虎虎的呀!这可不是闹着玩的。

一个词的差别都可能让你找错呀!就像差之毫厘谬以千里呀,得仔细仔细再仔细呀!
7. 做完了也别得意忘形呀!再检查检查呀!你想想,考试完不检查,万一有错的多可惜呀!再把题目和段落对一遍,确保万无一失嘛!
我的观点结论就是:只要掌握这些技巧,四级段落匹配就没那么难啦,大家加油呀!。

四级匹配题技巧

四级匹配题技巧

四级匹配题技巧
四级匹配题是英语四级考试中相对比较简单的一种题型,但它的得分却不能被忽视。

这种题型主要是通过给出一个句子/短语,要求考生从四个选项中选择与之最相近的意思。

以下是一些四级匹配题的技巧:
1. 理解上下文
通常情况下,四级匹配题都是在阅读理解或短文中出现,所以考生需要充分理解上下文的含义,以便更准确地选择答案。

如果只看到一个单词或短语,考生需要尝试脑补出它在句子或段落中的上下文,再进行选择。

2. 注意同义替换
四级匹配题中的选项通常会涉及到同义词或词组的替换,因此考生需要特别注意这一点。

如果遇到生词或不熟悉的词语,可以尝试将其与选项中的词语进行对比,寻找近义词或同义词。

3. 排除干扰项
有时,四级匹配题中的选项中可能会包含一些与原意不符的干扰项。

考生需要通过仔细阅读选项和上下文,逐一排除不符合原意的选项,以便更好地选择正确答案。

4. 注意语气和情感色彩
有些四级匹配题涉及到语气和情感色彩,考生需要注意准确理解原文中的语气和情感色彩,并选择与之最接近的选项。

总之,四级匹配题需要考生在短时间内准确理解和判断,因此需要在平时的备考过程中多加练习,提高自己的语言理解和判断能力。

大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四、六级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题就是什么?长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。

每句所含得信息出自篇章得某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配得段落.有得段落可能对应两题,有得段落可能不对应任何一题.四级考试需要各位同学做得就是,大家需要去瞧十个左右得段落,然后去匹配十个信息点。

但就是到六级当中,我们得难度就要增加了,我们见到得情况就是六级当中变成了15个段落,去匹配十个信息点.但总体来瞧,不管题型怎么变,其实学习方法没变,还就是仍旧需要大家提高阅读得能力,比如说读文章得时候,就是不就是直接拿英语读,如果读快速阅读得时候,还就是拿中文边翻译边读得话,会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢,所以那么长得文章很难找到细节,所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读得这样一种习惯,这样才能保证我们得阅读速度又快又准。

二、信息匹配题难点分析1、考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循得“顺序原则"解题。

由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在得段落进行匹配,因此细节信息得排列绝对就是“乱序得”,这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位得方法就是行不通得。

2、题干信息复杂,考生难以迅速抓住要领。

题干中得细节信息通常就是极复杂与繁琐得名词短语或长难句,考生往往在寻找到合适得定位词之前,就已经被题干信息得复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。

3、考生难以寻找到合适得定位词.即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂得细节信息,但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍.因为题干提供得细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显得定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体与特殊符号等)。

即使考生能够找到一个定位词,这一定位词也通常与文章主题密切相关,会在文章中多次出现,因而也没有太大得意义。

三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧匹配类题型有很多种,常见得种类有:1)人名-观点匹配;2)、地名—描述匹配;3)句子-句子匹配;4)分类题(Classification);5)段落—标题匹配;6段落-细节匹配。

四六级段落信息匹配题答题技巧

四六级段落信息匹配题答题技巧

四六级段落信息匹配题答题技巧四六级段落信息匹配题答题技巧(精选篇1)(1) Now people in growing numbers arebeginning to believe that some certain sports contribute directly to our healthby giving us some physical exercises。

现在越来越多的人开始相信体育锻炼能有助于身体健康。

(2) As a matter of fact, travel has become part of our life. Thissituation is encouraging, for it not only broadens peoples minds to the extendwhich may not be reached previously, but also relaxes them physically, whichhelp people work out mental problems more actively。

实际上,旅行已经成为我们生活的一个部分,这样的情形是喜人的,因为旅行不仅可以拓宽人们的视野达到之前没有达到的范围,而且还可以在身体上得到放松,这能使人们更加积极的克服心理问题。

(3)Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. =Some of the…arepoisonous and dangerous to health。

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

(4) Environmental expertspoint out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such asglobal warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet。

四级段落匹配技巧

四级段落匹配技巧

2019年12月(1) n被替换的概率小
1.5min
• 36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety. • 37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal
标题词汇
标题里面的词一般也不用(可能 是文章的核心词)
2019年12月(1)
唯一性词汇的特征

数字 并列 百分比

人名 地名 专有名

超纲 引号 连字符
half 1/4 30% nutrition and health. A and B 并列结构 算一个单词
大写
原文中注明(中文意思)【扫描原文 抄到选 项旁边】
题目中出现3次/标题的词汇 原文 一般每段都有
划定位词时候顺便翻译一下 不 用通顺 蹦字就可以(翻译认识 的词)
2019年12月(1)
• 36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety. • 37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal
2019年12月(2)
不要选择其他题目中 出现三次(含)以上的 词汇以及标题的词汇
• 36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health. • 37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast. • 38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day. • 39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some countries. • 40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight loss. • 41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat. • 42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast. • 43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake. • 44. People who priorities breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake. • 45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memories and concentrate.

四级信息匹配做题方法

四级信息匹配做题方法

四级信息匹配做题方法四级信息匹配题是考察学生对于文章内容的理解和归纳总结能力的一种题型。

在做这类题目时,需要学生根据阅读材料中的信息,理解文意并将其与题干进行对比,以确定正确答案。

下面我将为大家介绍一种解题方法。

解题方法如下:一、审题:在开始解题前,先仔细阅读题目要求和题干,重点关注关键词和需要匹配的内容。

二、阅读原文:阅读原文时,要注意把握文章的主题和段落结构,理解每个段落的中心思想。

可以根据主题句、段首句和段末句等线索来判断段落的主旨。

三、划线标记:记忆性问题可以在阅读的过程中在相关词语或句子下划线或标记出来,以便回答问题时快速定位。

四、归纳总结:在阅读完整篇文章后,可以对文章进行归纳总结,将关键信息提取出来,并与题干进行对比,寻找答案。

五、排除干扰项:根据对题干的理解和归纳总结,快速排除明显错误的选项,缩小范围,提高答题准确性。

六、仔细确认:在选择答案前,再次仔细阅读题干和原文相关部分,确保所选择的答案没有遗漏或错误。

七、正确答题:根据以上步骤的分析和判断,选择正确的答案,填写在答题卡上。

注意事项:1. 因为没有提供具体的题干和原文,所以在这篇文章中无法直接演示信息匹配题做题方法。

但通过上述介绍,相信你已经掌握了基本解题方法。

2. 在实际做题过程中,要注意时间分配,对于每道题给予合适的时间限制。

如果一道题无法在规定时间内找到答案,可以暂时跳过,待完成其他题目后再返回解答。

3. 在阅读原文时,要注意保持专注,避免思维跳跃和分心。

如果遇到段落理解困难的情况,可以多读几遍,通过上下文的理解帮助理解难点。

希望以上方法对你解决四级信息匹配题有所帮助。

通过多做练习,掌握方法,相信你能在考试中取得好成绩!加油!。

英语四级信息匹配题

英语四级信息匹配题

英语四级信息匹配题
英语四级考试中的信息匹配题是考生在阅读一篇短文后,根据
文章内容匹配相应的信息。

这类题目通常要求考生根据文章内容匹
配人物、事件、观点等相关信息,以检验考生对文章内容的理解和
把握能力。

在应对英语四级信息匹配题时,考生需要注意以下几点:
1. 仔细阅读文章,在做信息匹配题之前,首先要仔细阅读文章,理解文章的大意和细节。

2. 抓住关键词,在匹配信息时,要抓住文章中的关键词,这些
关键词通常会在题目中出现,帮助考生快速定位相关信息。

3. 注意信息的逻辑关系,在匹配过程中,要注意信息之间的逻
辑关系,尤其是因果关系、对比关系等,这有助于正确匹配信息。

4. 多练习,信息匹配题需要考生对文章内容有较强的理解能力,因此多做一些相关练习题可以帮助提高对文章的理解能力。

5. 注意答题顺序,在答题时可以根据自己的理解和把握情况选
择合适的答题顺序,有时候先做容易的题目可以增加信心和积极性。

总的来说,应对英语四级信息匹配题,考生需要在平时多加练习,提高对文章内容的理解能力,同时在考试时要保持冷静,仔细
阅读题目和文章,有条不紊地进行信息匹配,以确保准确无误地完
成题目。

希望这些建议对你有所帮助。

英语四级阅读段落信息匹配题应试技巧

英语四级阅读段落信息匹配题应试技巧

英语四级阅读段落信息匹配题应试技巧英语四级阅读段落信息匹配题应试技巧汇总第一招:先题后文先看题再看文章能够将更多简单的题先做出来,当你发现简单题全部处理完毕之后,剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中再去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。

所以不管怎么样一定是先题后文,稍后再文题同步或先文后题。

第二招:关键词定位(key words positioning)和同义替换(paraphrasing)其实阅读只考两件事,一件事情是简单的:看到什么,定位什么,选择什么;而另外一个则是通过定位确定这个位置,然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。

今年四六级组季会发布的样题中,关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的:You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived“你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的”。

换一个表达方式叫做which paragraph contains the following information(哪一段包含了以下的信息)。

接下来我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位(key words positioning) 和同义替换(paraphrasing)在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。

1、关键词定位(key words positioning)Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.像这道题就属于比较简单的题目。

这道题是来自于四级样卷的Q47,当这道题出现的.时候,同学们应该关注的是划线的两个数据,而20世纪70年代中期这个数据其实它的意义绝对没有3.9%大,因为前方是一个时间段,有可能经常出现,而后方是一个具体数值,具体数值的高频可能性不大,因为对于很多人来说他们都明白越高频的单词或短语的形式越不能成为我们的核心钩划点,3.9%一旦出现就让我们在全文当中展开3.9%的寻找之旅吧!Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5million in 2004.这时我们会发现顺序再读的时候四级样卷的C段出现了一个3.9%,这样一个点一旦出现,这一道四级简单的匹配题就结束了。

英语四级匹配题技巧

英语四级匹配题技巧

英语四级匹配题技巧四六级考试掌握一些技巧很重要。

那么,以下是店铺收集整理的英语四级匹配题技巧,欢迎大家分享。

英语四级匹配题技巧:一、先题后文先看题再看文章,能够将更多简单的题先做出来。

当简单题全部处理完毕之后,剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。

所以,一定要先题后文,稍后再文题同步或先文后题。

二、关键词定位和同义替换其实段落信息匹配题只考两个点,一个点很简单:看到什么,定位什么,选择什么;而另外一个则是通过定位确定位置,然后再进行一次切换之后才能发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。

三、请输入标题 bcdef四六级考委会发布的样题中,关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的:You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived(你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的)。

换一种表达方式叫which paragraph contains the following information(哪一段包含了以下的信息)。

接下来,我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位(key words positioning)和同义替换(paraphrasing)在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。

1. 关键词定位Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.这道题是四级样卷第47道题,就属于比较简单的题目。

当看到这道题的时候,同学们应该关注划线的两个数据,而mid-1970s的意义绝对没有3.9%大。

因为前者是一个时间段,有可能经常出现,而后者是一个具体数值,具体数值高频出现的可能性不大。

大家都知道,越高频的单词或短语越不能成为我们的核心钩划点,所以,两相比较,要把3.9%作为定位关键词。

四级段落匹配解题技巧

四级段落匹配解题技巧

四级段落匹配解题技巧四级段落匹配解题技巧"段落信息匹配题"在四级考试中占了10分的分值,秉着能拿一分是一份的原则,下面是小编整理的四级段落匹配解题技巧,欢迎查看参考。

四级段落匹配解题技巧1、整体把握文章的脉络至关重要段落信息匹配题的题目的顺序与文章的行文顺序完全不符,这就要求考生在阅读文章时整体把握文章的结构和脉络,熟悉文章的写作思路,基本能做到理解每题的中心思想后,能大体定位到文章的相应部分,而不是漫无目的地在全文的每个段落里搜寻。

如样题中的文章:首先引出话题;中间部分主要谈论两方面的内容—大学在全球网罗人才和开展工作,同时大学也在重塑研究方法;最后是大学全球化的影响和作用。

把文章这样分成四个部分以后,根据每个题目的内容,就可以找到大体的位置。

2、准确理解题目的内容是前提每一道题都是原文信息的再现或转述,只有理解了题目所述内容,才能做好后面的段落信息定位。

理解题目内容的关键是:抓句子的主干。

冗长的句子,只要抓住了其主干,就不难理解句子的主要含义了。

3、找准题目中的定位关键词是关键每一道题都是原文信息的再现或转述,只要找准关键词才能准确定位到原文的段落中。

关键词多为:a、名词或名词短语,这类词是题目和文章谈论的对象,同义替换的可能性较小,是比较可靠的定位关键词;b、数字,如数量、年份等,这类词同义替换的可能性非常小,是较理想的定位关键词;c、专有名词,如人名、地名、机构名、特殊物质等,这类词几乎没有同义替换或转述的可能性,是非常理想的定位关键词。

4、严控时间,分清主次每年的考生中都会有很多反应时间不够、题量太大,而据统计在阅读这个模块中超出用时的考生超过半数。

20%的精读只有10道题,一道题占2%,则每题分数就达到了14.2分将近15分。

分值太大导致各位同同学容易在这个地方花去大量时间,但是你要明白这个部分的.时间花的再久也只有20%,你完全没有理由因为20%去损失另外一个10%,而且你还不能确定你这20%是否可以得到一个非常好的成绩,所以提醒大家:掌控时间非常重要,每一个环节限时来做,而现在做题的时候就必须要控制时间。

大学英语四级段落信息匹配高分技巧

大学英语四级段落信息匹配高分技巧

大学英语四级段落信息匹配高分技巧第一节概述信息匹配又称段落信息匹配,该题型的考查形式为一篇1200单词的文章后面附有10个句子,每句一题,而每句所含的信息出自文章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落,也就是说,考生要凭借题干给出的原文若干细节信息,找出文章中分别有这些信息的段落。

有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

第二节难点分析一、顺序原则被打破段落信息匹配题打破了传统阅读题型的阅读技巧和解题思路,也不会遵守传统阅读题型的“顺序原则”,考生从文章开头到结尾依次答题的方法显然行不通。

二、题干均为长难句四级信息匹配题的题干通常是名词短语或者长难句型,在试图寻找合适的定位词之前,考生往往已被题目错综复杂的表述搞懵了。

例如四级样卷第51题:The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.三、定位词模糊即使考生能够读懂题干的晦涩意思,寻找定位词仍然存在很大障碍,因为这类题型往往不会出现可以直接用于定位的特殊标记词(数字、时间、地点、人物和特殊符号等),即使侥幸碰到,该定位词也会多次出现,并没有太大帮助,如上题中的U.S.。

四、干扰性增强对于集库式选择题来说,问题和答案都是一一对应的,如果能够选出一对,那么就可以排除一个选项,但在段落信息匹配题当中,四级样卷明确提醒:You may choose a paragraph more than once(一段可能被用两次)。

在这种情况下,排除法也就没有无用武之地了。

第三节高分技巧要想完成段落信息匹配题,需要考生先从头到尾读完文章,全面掌握文章的结构和细节信息之后,再进行解题,但这种方法对于阅读水平和单词量都有限的四级考生来说有些难度。

英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧英语四级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么?原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解,篇章长度和难度不变。

篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

四级考试需要各位同学做的是,大家需要去看十个左右的段落,然后去匹配十个信息点。

但是到六级当中,我们的难度就要增加了,我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落,去匹配十个信息点。

但总体来看,不管题型怎么变,其实学习方法没变,还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力,比如说读文章的时候,是不是直接拿英语读,如果读快速阅读的时候,还是拿中文边翻译边读的话,会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢,所以那么长的文章很难找到细节,所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯,这样才能保证我们的阅读真正速度又快又准。

二、样题:Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.Universities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the under graduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from bo th campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many ofits most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

英语四级段落匹配技巧

英语四级段落匹配技巧

英语四级段落匹配技巧英语四级段落匹配技巧段落信息匹配题的题目的顺序与文章的行文顺序完全不符,这就要求考生在阅读文章时整体把握文章的结构和脉络,熟悉文章的写作思路。

下面是店铺整理的英语四级段落匹配技巧,欢迎阅读,仅供大家参考。

英语四级段落匹配技巧1有效的做题方法第一步:浏览第一段的前几句,了解文章大概讲什么,一般用来考试的文章其主题会比较明确,让考生能抓住重点。

第二步:仔细地阅读后面的题目,找出关键词,来进行定位。

一般关键词即为人名、地名、机构组织名、时间等专有名词或特殊的动词、形容词。

第三步:逐段浏览文章,迅速找到关键词与后面的题目进行匹配。

如果在某一段没找到与之相对应的题目,跳过并做标记。

第四步:查漏补缺,后面每个题目可能是前文的高度概括和重现,也可能是换了一种表示方法的转述,因此要再次在前文中找其近义词或相近的描述。

第五步:个人认为匹配阅读最难的是某一段会匹配两个题目,因此如果你发现在前面四步做完后,还是没找到与之匹配的段落,就要考虑已经选过的段落了。

具店铺经验,同一段落一般最多出现2次。

英语四级段落匹配技巧段落信息匹配题的一般解题步骤是:读题并确定关键词(中心词)——去原文中定位关键词——分析定位句——分析题干——确定答案。

具体的解题技巧如下:1.用“打包”方法对付乱序把整组题全部一次性吃透,然后去原文从头到尾定位。

否则,考生如果按照顺序逐题解答,时间会严重不足,最好是文章一遍看下来,能找到所有的信息。

此外,考生应该注意定位原文的过程中,一定要脑、眼和手并用:眼是肯定要用的,不用脑会导致忽视同义转换,不用手(笔)会使我们处于走马观花的状态,然后会怀疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而反复地看。

2.“吃透”题干准确判断关键词(中心词)如果没吃透题干,就无法准确判断关键词或中心词,就有可能对原文的重要信息没感觉。

一般来说,题干关键词或中心词为实词以及一些数字、专有名词等。

3.解题采用先易后难的策略采用由易到难的解题策略,可以提升考生的解题信心。

英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧及练习题

英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧及练习题

英语四级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么?原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解,篇章长度和难度不变。

篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

四级考试需要各位同学做的是,大家需要去看十个左右的段落,然后去匹配十个信息点。

但是到六级当中,我们的难度就要增加了,我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落,去匹配十个信息点。

但总体来看,不管题型怎么变,其实学习方法没变,还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力,比如说读文章的时候,是不是直接拿英语读,如果读快速阅读的时候,还是拿中文边翻译边读的话,会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢,所以那么长的文章很难找到细节,所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯,这样才能保证我们的阅读真正速度又快又准。

二、样题:Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Universities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Am erica’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in Chinamany newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake ofSeptember 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

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英语四、六级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么?长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

四级考试需要各位同学做的是,大家需要去看十个左右的段落,然后去匹配十个信息点。

但是到六级当中,我们的难度就要增加了,我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落,去匹配十个信息点。

但总体来看,不管题型怎么变,其实学习方法没变,还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力,比如说读文章的时候,是不是直接拿英语读,如果读快速阅读的时候,还是拿中文边翻译边读的话,会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢,所以那么长的文章很难找到细节,所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯,这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。

二、信息匹配题难点分析1. 考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原则”解题。

由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配,因此细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的”,这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。

2. 题干信息复杂,考生难以迅速抓住要领。

题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句,考生往往在寻找到合适的定位词之前,就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。

3. 考生难以寻找到合适的定位词。

即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂的细节信息,但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍。

因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。

即使考生能够找到一个定位词,这一定位词也通常和文章主题密切相关,会在文章中多次出现,因而也没有太大的意义。

三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧匹配类题型有很多种,常见的种类有:1)人名-观点匹配;2).地名-描述匹配;3)句子-句子匹配;4)分类题(Classification);5)段落-标题匹配;6段落-细节匹配。

其中前四种做题方法比较类似,而后两种相对较复杂。

这里将阐述前四种题型的做题方法。

1. 扭转做题思维先要扭转做题思维,不是找到句子答案所在,而是判断这句话在哪一段会出现。

所以我们首要明确,考官出这个题是要考察我们什么阅读能力,我认为不是细节阅读能力,而是对文章框架思路的把握能力。

2.预览题干,明确关键词该题型的解题基本思路是:先快速地将题干读一下,划出关键词;然后采用skimming和scanning的方式通读原文,匹配信息。

3.快速掌握文章脉络通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。

中心句一般出现在首位句,转折词如but 或者因果关系联接词如 as a result 引领的第二句,或者问句后面的答句。

一般建议在找到中心句后,读一下末句,可以更精确地掌控段意。

若无特别明显的中心句,首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。

阅读过程当中,有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。

这里我们也要明确要多看英文,掌握英文的行文思路。

一般而言剑桥里的文章组织有三大类。

一是按时间,如货物运输,这是最简单的。

二是按观点—原因—发展—瓶颈—措施—目标的布局来分析一件事物。

三是偏科普的夹杂很多不同派别的理论,这个相对而言比较难。

4.注意字句的形式变化。

在长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度很大程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的辨识能力。

需要注意三种变化形式:1)题干只对原文中个别单词或词组进行同义改写或转述;2)题干对原文中整句话进行同义改写或转述;3)题干对原文中几句话或整段内容进行综合概括或推断。

这就对考生的单词量、对某一单词多重释义的了解以及对句意的概括或推断能力提出了新要求。

5.注意标记。

在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹配,最好做个记号,以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。

第二次阅读的目的:一是检查已初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配;二是完成第一遍阅读中尚未解答的题目。

6.注意时间的合理使用,不要为确定某个细节问题而浪费大量的时间。

【关键词的类型】1. 人名、地名和专有名词2. 一些拼写较长的词,比如:internship,competitiveness,globalization,integration,sustainability,innovative,immigration等。

这些词属于低频词,一般不会大篇幅地出现。

利用这些词可以高效地查找匹配段落。

另外,这些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来,像internship,在原文中用斜体印刷,并以括号备注中文。

我们选它做关键词,瞬间就能找到原文出处了。

2. 数字,包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。

如四级样卷中的:mid-1970s, 3.9 percent,20 percent,September 11等。

教研君利用这些数字进行定位,测得的准确率是100%哦!3. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。

如:university-based,one-child。

这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接的新词,一般当成形容词使用。

三个单词的例子如:hard-to-grasp难以理解的。

这些词也属于低频词,一般不会大篇幅出现。

需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位,如one-child在原文中是没有的,原文是这样的“They often compromiseby having just one child. ”这里的one child就不是整体作为形容词使用了。

4. 研究、报告、书籍型词汇,如:report,study,books等。

一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点,这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里,所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。

5. 最高级,如best,worst,most 等。

如六级第54题,关键词之一为the best solution。

然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到答案,因为原文的表述是the mosteffective method,用的词汇是完全不一样的。

这时,我们还需要增加一个关键词pension,帮助我们定位。

这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方,因为它常常是考点。

6. 具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。

这类词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词,但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征的段落。

这些词通常包括如下三类:①能够指示开头段的词汇(如overview、introduction、initiation、mainidea、definition等);②能够指示结尾段的词(如overview、future、solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等);③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇(如rate、ratio、proportion、percentage等词往往对应含“%”的段落;number、figure、statistical demographics等词往往对应数字集中的段落;financial、income、revenue、salary等词往往对应含诸如“$”“¥”等货币符号的段落)。

考生能够通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文定位的范围,从而快速判定表1—四级样卷长篇阅读表2—六级样卷长篇阅读Passage OneUniversities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time,the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad toprepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of theundergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 studentsparticipate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratoryfacility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength inscience, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outsideBoston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the linkbetween investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in sciencefunding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake ofSeptember 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I) Most Americans recognize thatuniversities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students whostudy in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.1. American universities prepare their undergraduates for globalcareers by giving them chances for international study or internship.2. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of3.9 percent.3. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.4. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.5. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.6. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.7. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.8. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science andindustrial application.9. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.10. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.Passage TwoInto the unknownA) Until the early 1900s nobody thought much about the whole populations getting older. UN hadthe foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.B) For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, surrounded by the alarm. They had titles like Young vs. Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and theirmessage was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.C) Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organizations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on everyagenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including the newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.D) Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon becomeunaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.E) The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may haveto go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.F) Younger people today mostlyaccept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labor force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work isrunning low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.G) In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labor force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing Western Europe forabout 90%.H) On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in the need of jobs, many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labor forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthfulcountries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.I) To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children.A number of them have tried, somemore successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.J) And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will become adifferent place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater numbers than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specificallybenefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.K) Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.L) Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.M) For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to makecountries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defense effort. Because Ameri ca’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).N) There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so theworld will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognized the need to do something and beginning to act.O) But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. The director of Economics and Demography of Ageing at the。

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