21 The Lexicon词汇学

21.6 conclusion
of the 3. 1. The The growth acquisition of lexicon: a second language lexicon appears to involve the learning of words where development learners have a good idea that they consist of pragmatic ofbase grammar forms that may be altered byknowledge rules. 2. Vocabulary does not teach or learn itself and it seems that new vocabulary items must be systematically introduced, explicitly noticed by the learner, and deliberately learned and other aspects of practiced. communicative skill P 459-460
21.5 Focus on form and processing load
As Laufer(2005: 223) argues, focus on form is an additional essential component of successful learning. form By moving so directly to meaning, the form of a new word is ignored and learning of that new word cannot take place.
Reading comprehension
Listening ability
vocabulary
Writing skill
speaking
21.2 Types of vocabulary knowledge and lexical storage
21.2.1 Types of vocabulary knowledge
21.4 How words are acquired
21.4.1 Input and uptake of vocabulary 21.4.2 Frequency, repetition and vocabulary learning 21.4.3 Incidental and explicit learning
Laufer and Hulstijn’s(2001) Involvement Load Hypothesis:
Process of vocabulary learning
depth of process ators
cognitive factors
21.1 Introduction --the importance of vocabulary learning
Henry Sweet (1964:64) once observed that , “the real intrinsic difficulty in learning a foreign language lies in that of having to master its vocabulary”. As Wilkins (1972:111) puts it, “without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”
21.3.1 How many words need to be acquired? novels of newspaper 8000 or 9000 listening activities (movie) 6000 or 7000
As Nation (2006) suggested. 21.3.2 Which words should be acquired? Nation (2001) points to the importance of the most frequent vocabulary in a language.
a new word
context
possibilities of its meaning
Three components of task-induced involvement:
need
The motivation to learn the new word
search
The noticing and connecting of word form and word meaning
21 The Lexicon
James Milton and Giovanna Donzelli
Contents:
21.1 Introduction: the importance of 21.4.1 Input and uptake of vocabulary learning vocabulary 21.4.2 Frequency, repetition 21.2 Types of vocabulary knowledge and vocabulary learning 21.4.3 Incidental and explicit and lexical storage learning 21.3 Norms of vocabulary growth 21.4 How words are acquired 21.5 Focus on form and processing load 21.6 Conclusion

evaluation
The comparison of the new word with other words
Even if involvement and processing load as contributors to success in learning foreign language lexis have not been firmly established, they nonetheless constitute the best and the (458-459) fullest theoretical model we have for the acquisition of a lexicon.
What part of speech they are noun adjective verb…… Whether and how new word friend friendly forms can be derived punish punishment Whether they can be verbs: -ing or –ed inflected nouns: -s or -es What other words they can be good at occur with do well in The social situations where Negro these words can and cannot black people be used
21.2.2 lexical storage
Derived forms of words
Less frequent Less regular Processed separately
frequent regular
Inflected word forms
21.3 Norms of vocabulary growth
21.3.3 How fast can they be acquired?
P 450 P 449
21.3.4 What are the processes of learning? Acquiring a lexicon is a lengthy process which must, it seems, involve thousands of hours of work. (P 450)