American Life in the “Roaring Twenties”
美国,我们的故事09-12中英文字幕（无时间轴）
美国，我们的故事第九集：萧条-----------------------------01第十集：二战-----------------------------18第十一集：超级大国-------------------36第十二集：黄金时代-------------------56美国曾经繁荣然而此刻却满眼萧条 America boom. But now, it's bust.大萧条席卷全国 The Great Depression explodes across America.社会动荡民生凋敝旱情四起 Social upheaval, poverty, drought.考验美国的时刻到了 It's time for America...to fight back.美国精神也正是在 The American spirit is forged大萧条的烈火中铸就 in the fires of Great Depression.我们是前锋也是先驱 We are pioneers...and trailblazers.我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.美国: 我们的故事第九集萧条20世纪20年代是美国的繁荣时期 The 1920s is boom time in America.金钱如潮涌来油井不断开采 Money flows and oil wells explode.农民们挣扎求生城市却飞速扩张 Though farmers are struggling, cities expand. 摩天大楼擎天之势让高攀的股指也望尘莫及 Skyscrapers go higher than the stock market.对汽车和类似好莱坞的 Aspirations run wild for cars近郊豪宅的渴望急剧膨胀 and suburban housing projects like Hollywoodland.到1929年 By 1929,广告业产值超过了国民教育支出 more money is spent on advertising than on education. 所谓消费至上和资本主义让我们有点飘飘然了 We got a little carried away with consumerism and capitalism珍妮特·沃尔斯 [著名作家]到头来反受其害 and it bite us in the butt.繁荣的根基是银行信用体系 The boom is built on credit.1929年 In 1929,美国人用信用卡买了60亿美元的商品 $6 billion of goods are bought on credit,与此同时 80%的美国人却没有丝毫积蓄 but 80% of Americans have no savings at all. 有的股票市值高达 Some stocks are valued at其实际价值的50倍 50 times what they're really worth.一个巨大的泡沫即将破灭 A giant bubble just ready to burst.1929年10月该来的还是来了 By October 1929, the inevitable happens.股票市场3个星期内 The stock market loses 12 times蒸发掉的市值 more money in three weeks,相当于美国政府一年财政开支的12倍还多 than the US government uses in a year. 整个国家很可能就此一蹶不振 The entire country could've gone down--汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]从经济角度来看也确实几乎如此 and almost did, from an economic point of view. 股市崩溃后整整一年 For a year after the stock-market crash,美国经济徘徊在深渊的边缘 America's economy teeters on the edge of the abyss. 1930年12月 December 1930.纽约街头非常平静 The streets of New York are quiet.离1929年股市崩溃已经一年多了 It's been a year since the stock-market crash of 1929,不过只有2%的人口是股民 but only 2% of the population own stocks.其他98%的人生活依旧如常 The other 98% get on with their lives.直到这一天 Until today.这个人即将从根本上 This man is about to shake动摇美国人对银行体系的信心 America's confidence in its banks to its very core. 他在一间本地银行存了钱 He's put his money in his local bank.合众国银行 The Bank of United States,几小时后这家银行将面临倒闭的命运 a bank that has only hours left to exist. 他从报上读到了一则质疑该银行稳定性的消息 But a newspaper article questions his bank's stability.4家银行并购提案取消正是从这一刻起一石激起千层浪 This is the moment that begins a chain reaction 整个国家的经济体系变得岌岌可危... that will shake the whole country's economy... 我们并不清楚这人姓甚名谁 yet we don't even know the man's name.只知道《纽约时报》刊载了他的故事 But his story was recorded by "The New York Times." 一名布朗克斯区的小商贩 A small merchant in the Bronx来到合众国银行的一家支行 went to a branch of the Bank of United States要求银行职员 and asked bank officials to把他的股票抛售掉 dispose of his stock in the institution.您好先生有什么可以为您效劳的 Good day, sir, how may I help you?好的我想卖掉我在这家银行的股份 Yes, I'd like to withdraw my shares from the bank.再说一遍好吗先生 I beg your pardon, sir?银行的规章制度此时已是一纸空文 Bank regulations are virtually nonexistent at the time.由于房地产投资失败 Bad real-estate investments mean这家银行只能靠做假帐来勉强维持 the bank has only kept itself afloat by cooking the books.您好先生需要我帮忙吗 Good day, sir, how may I be of assistance?我要卖掉我的股份 I'd like to sell my shares.先生这投资很不错 Well, the stock is a good investment, sir.我建议您不要卖 I would advise against the sale.我要拿回我的钱 I want my money.这家银行最怕的就是客户大规模提现 The last thing the bank needs is to hand out all its cash.最近我们面临的又一次金融危机 We almost witnessed that fairly recently历史惊人地相似悲剧重演了 and I've seen what can go on, and I've seen travesty. 唐纳德·J·特朗普 [美国地产大亨]显然他走后散布了一个谣言 He departed and apparently spread a false report, 说这家银行拒绝兑现他的股份 that the bank had refused to sell his stock.中午时分 By mid-afternoon,一大批人聚集在银行外面 a considerable crowd had gathered outside the bank,人数估计有两万到两万五 estimated at between 20,000 and 25,000 persons.就在这一天担忧化为了恐慌 This is the day worry turns to panic.银行会走上股市的老路吗 Would the banks go the same way as the stock market?歇斯底里的情绪像野火一样蔓延着 Hysteria spreads like wildfire.仅这一家支行就被提走了两百万美元 $2 million are withdrawn from this branch alone. 即便在银行关门前 Even though all the anxious depositors who所有情绪激动的提款人都顺利领到了钱 asked for their money before closing time were given it...他们还是焦躁不安 the crowd became restless.一小队警察出面控制局势 A squad of police were sent in to control them.翻译：小坏 remembertoi Jose ww艾取子小Q校对：安小七精校：小坏 Joanna时间轴：马小样顾问：小跳后期：鱼骨头总监：小坏风波也殃及了其他支行 The trouble spreads to other branches.第二天早上 By the next morning,合众国银行倒闭 the Bank of United States has collapsed.民众对美国银行体系的信心土崩瓦解 Confidence in US banks disintegrates.1930年最后两个月 600家银行倒闭 In the last 60 days of 1930, 600 banks shut. 一波又一波银行倒闭狂潮席卷全国 Banks close in wave after wave across the country. 1933年全美有28个州没一家银行营业 By 1933, there are 28 states without a single bank open.与如今不同 Unlike today,当时联邦政府并不为银行担保 the federal government does not bail out the banks. 失业人数从1930年的400万 Unemployment goes from 4 million in 1930飙升至1932年的1200万 to 12 million in 1932.每天有1000个家庭流离失所 Every day, 1,000 homes are repossessed.20万名流浪儿无家可归 200,000 vagrant children wander the country.3400万美国人丧失经济来源 34 million Americans have no source of income.大萧条是美国的悲剧 It was an American tragedy, the Depression was,布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]只有美国人自己的智慧才能拯救自己 and it took American ingenuity to lift America out of it.复兴之路从这里开始 The fight back starts here.由政府出资私人承建的大型工程项目Vast building projects, publiclyfunded...privately built.这就是人称"快手"的弗兰克·克罗 This is Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe.他已成功承建6座水坝按时完工且不超预算 He's already built six dams on time and under budget.现在他把目光投向了更大的目标 And now he has his eye on something even bigger: 科罗拉多河 the Colorado River.我十分渴望修建这个大坝 I was wild to build this dam,使之成为最宏伟无与伦比的大坝 the biggest dam ever built by anyone, anywhere. 科罗拉多河是世上 The Colorado River is one of the水流最湍急的河之一 most powerful rivers in the world.从这些峡谷里每秒钟奔腾而下的水量 Every second, twice as much water相当于尼亚加拉大瀑布水流量的两倍 tears through these canyons than goes over Niagara Falls.弗兰克·克罗的计划是驾驭这条河 Frank Crowe's plan is to harness it.这条河所蕴含的水和水力发电 The water and hydroelectricity将改变整个西南部 will transform the whole of the Southwest.1931年3月4日 March 4, 1931.联邦政府一声令下 The government gives the go-ahead开始修建胡佛水坝 to build the Hoover Dam.胡佛水坝尚未动工之时 The Hoover Dam, even before they started building it,就被视为一种象征 it became a metaphor,人们视之为美国精神的象征不屈不挠 people saw it as a statement of the American's fortitude,詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]独具匠心迎难而上 of our ingenuity, of our talent for hard work勇往直前 and for our willingness to改造世界 transform the environment around us.这座水坝的造价 The Hoover Dam will cost相当于今天的10亿美元 nearly $1 billion in today's money.弗兰克·克罗如果能迅速完工 Frank Crowe is offered a 2.5% cut of the dam's profits 便可得到水坝盈利的2.5%作为报酬 if he gets the job done quickly.预计要花6年才能建成水坝 It should take 6 years to build,但弗兰克说他只需4年即可完工 but Frank says it can be done in 4.全国各地共有四万两千人 42,000 men come from across the country来这个美国最大的工地找工作 looking for jobs on the biggest construction site in America.弗兰克·克罗收了五千名 Frank Crowe takes 5,000 men最能吃苦耐劳且干活麻利的 willing to work harder and faster than anyone else. 优胜劣汰 The survival of the fittest.人们为了得到工作不惜一切代价 Men are ready to do anything for work.美国有着一种人定胜天的精神 There's a large cando attitude in the United States 鲍勃·鲁兹 [前通用汽车公司副总裁]几个世纪以来的事实也表明 and it come soon the fact that over the centuries,尽管前路有着许多艰难险阻 there has been a lot of adversity,我们终能凯旋而归 and we have usually triumphed.首先是成功开发了 First was the triumph of这片辽阔的大陆 developing this whole vast continent,然后又在大平原上铺设了铁路 putting in railroad lines,还建成了所有这些宏大的工程 putting in all the civil engineering to support it, 建设胡佛水坝 putting in Hoover Dam.全都是不可思议的巨大挑战 These were all incredible challenges.建成水坝需要两个步骤 There are two stages to building the dam.第一步让河水改道绕过工地周围 First, divert the river around the worksite. 第二步建起这座巨堤 Second, build the colossal wall.为了让水流湍急的科罗拉多河改道 To divert the raging Colorado,需要钻透长达3英里的岩石 four massive tunnels are建成4条巨大的隧道 drilled through 3 miles of solid rock.每条隧道的宽度堪比四车道高速公路 Each tunnel is as wide as a four lane highway 高度则有5层楼 and is tall as a 5-story building.每秒钟有150万加仑的水 A million and a half gallons of water从这些隧道中奔腾而过 flow through here every second.胡佛水坝是 The Hoover Dam was a statement美国最好的写照 about what America is all about.不惜一切代价 Nothing is too big to take on.我们必将改变这个国家 We are going to change this country.弗兰克·克罗本就分秒必争 If Frank Crow was in a hurry before,现在更是压力倍增 now the pressure is double.无论时间还是资金 Time and money.隧道只能在枯水季节挖掘 The tunnels can only be dug when the river is low.而枯水期每年只有四个月 That's only four months in a year.资金也是个问题 And the money.工程每延期一天 There is a $3,000 fine for every day就要罚款3000美元 the project falls behind the schedule.时间不等人 The clock is ticking.弗兰克的解决之道一如既往地大胆 Frank's answer is as bold as he is.巨大的移动钻孔机 Gigantic mobile drilling rigs.4层脚手架搭在卡车上面 4 stories of scaffolding mounted on the backs of trucks. 多达30名工人 Up to 30 men drill into一天24小时不停地钻 the rock around the clock, 24 hours a day.比通常的钻孔进度快上10倍 They move ten times faster than normal drilling.隧道内温度高至华氏140度[60摄氏度] Temperatures hit 140 degrees in the tunnels. 弗兰克还是催得更急 Frank just pushes harder.他要求钻孔工人们相互竞争 The drilling crews compete against each other.哪队每天能钻更多 Which will drill the furthest every day?正如钻孔工人马里昂·艾伦所言 As drill man Marion Allen puts it:其实干多干少并不会怎么样 It didn't make any difference what you did,但你必须要比其他人多干 but you had to beat that other crew.卡车排放出致命废气 Deadly fumes pump out of the trucks.这些气体在隧道里聚集 They build up in the tunnel.进入工人们的肺部和血液中 They get into the men's lungs, into their blood.你派几个人把他弄出去 You men, get him out of here.一氧化碳毒倒了数百人 Carbon monoxide poisoning claims hundreds of men.有天晚上我在那干活 I went to work down there one night,队里本来有17个人 and there was 17 men in my crew.第二天早上 The next morning,只剩下我和另外3个了 myself and three others was all that was left.其他的都病倒了条件非常艰苦 All the rest was taken out sick. It was rough.克罗对工作只有一个要求 Crowe has only one working rule.别给我借口我要结果 To hell with excuses-- get results.但这样急于求成 But the drive to get results quickly将导致致命后果 will have deadly consequences.竭力保住工作的工人不免忙中出错 Men desperate to keep their jobs make mistakes 诸如爆破还没完成就试图去清理碎石 like trying to clear rubble before the blasting is finished.爆破之后还需要挖掘清理 You are having to dynamite areas and you have to dig out. 埃尔·卡玛里罗 [斯坦福大学教授]虽然有机器 There's machinery,但仍然要用锄头和铲子去挖 but you're still using a lot of pick and shovel.危险重重 Treacherous work.一名矿工的妻子还记得 A miner's wife remembers有位竭力想保住工作的工人 one worker, desperate to keep his job.每个人都想进隧道里工作 Everybody was trying to work in the tunnels.这个人太急于表现 This man was so anxious to work太快就冲进了隧道中 that he just went into the tunnel too quick.刚把铲子伸进去一个炸弹延时爆炸了 Just as he put his shovel in, there was a delayed blast.公司称96人在事故中身亡 The company says 96 men died.工人们说其实有好几百人 The workers claim it's hundreds.隧道提前11个月完工 The tunnels are finished 11 months ahead of time.但对于胡佛水坝来说这只能算是开了个头 But that's just the beginning of the Hoover Dam.最大的困难还在前面 The hardest job is yet to come:建起地球上最大的混凝土建筑 building the biggest concrete structure on earth. 弗兰克·克罗大力推进 Frank Crowe is driving ahead the胡佛水坝的建设 building of the Hoover Dam,这是美国前所未有的最大工程项目 the biggest engineering project America has ever seen.他要求快马加鞭 He's driving his men hard.工人们夜以继日地工作 The crews work day and night.一片混凝土的海洋在峡谷中拔地而起 A sea of concrete rises in the canyon,厚度相当于两个足球场并排的长度 as thick as two football fields laid end to end. 五千工人五万台机器和工具 5,000 men, 50,000 machines and tools,当世最杰出的工程师 the best engineers alive,所用原材料足以装满一列1000英里长的火车 enough materials to fill a train 1,000 miles long.这座大坝可谓 This is the 1930s' equivalent20世纪30年代的"登月"计划 of putting a man on the moon.建造大坝要倾倒660万吨混凝土 6.6 million tons of concrete have to be poured. 足以铺设一条四英尺宽的人行道环绕地球一圈 That's enough to lay a 4-foot-wide sidewalk around the earth.如何将如此大量的混凝土 How to pour that much concrete倾倒在特定的地点呢 and get it where it's needed?弗兰克·克罗设计了历史上 Frank Crowe designs the most最为复杂的缆索系统 sophisticated cable system ever built.开底式巨桶 Giant bottom-opening buckets.能将混凝土准确地倒入 They pour the concrete into molds指定地点的模具中 exactly where it is wanted.罗马人早在2000年前就发明了混凝土 Concrete was invented by the Romans 2,000 years ago,但胡佛水坝却是历史上 but the Hoover Dam is the第一座由混凝土建成的大坝 first large concrete dam in history.现如今几乎所有的水坝均由混凝土建成 Today virtually all dams are made of concrete.混凝土易成形又很坚固 It's malleable and it's strong.是建筑中使用最广泛的材料 It's the world's favorite building material for any structure.时间紧迫弗兰克需要解决一个重大问题 Frank is up against the clock, and he has a big problem.混凝土凝固过程中会释放热量 The curing concrete generates heat.若这些混凝土一次性持续倾倒 If the dam were constructed in a single, continuous pour,产生的热量足以 it would put out enough heat to bake连续三年每天烘烤50万片面包 half a million loaves of bread every day for three years.更糟的是这让大坝要过125年才能完全硬化 But worse, the dam would take 125 years to harden.弗兰克·克罗可等不起 Frank Crowe's got no time for that.布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]无路可退我们终于真正认清自己 Backs against the wall, we figured out who we were. 拼尽全力安然度过了大萧条时期 We worked our way out of that Depression.让混凝土冷却下来的法宝 The secret of cooling the concrete就藏于大坝之内 lies within the dam itself.直径1英寸总长582英里的水管 582 miles of 1-inch pipes自大坝所要制服的科罗拉多河引来冰冷的河水 carry ice-cold water from the very river the dam is taming.詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]那是一次创举 No one had ever thought of this before,这些水管如今依然留在胡佛大坝中 and those pipes are still in the Hoover Dam today. 弗兰克·克罗未辜负其快手之名 Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe lives up to his name.胡佛大坝于1935年9月30日竣工 The Hoover Dam is completed on September 30,1935, 提前两年完工 two years ahead of schedule.弗兰克获得了一笔 Frank receives a bonus worth相当于如今400多万美元的巨额奖金 over $4 million in today's money.汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]对于那些工人来说建造了胡佛水坝 For those workers to have built something as monumental如此富有挑战又意义深远的建筑物 and as challenging as Hoover Dam was,实在是建筑史上一次惊人的壮举 it was an astonishing feat of construction让我们相信一切皆有可能 and I think it gave us all a sense of the possible. 1936年胡佛大坝 1936. The Hoover Dam成为世界上最大的 is the largest hydroelectric水力发电设施 power-producing facility in the world.这里共17座发电机 Each of the 17 generators weighs每座的重量都超过4架巨型飞机 more than four jumbo jets.这些发电机可以给像洛杉矶这样 Together, they can supply power to 750,000 people 迅速发展的城市里75万人口提供电力 in booming cities like Los Angeles.这座大坝造就了密德湖 The dam creates Lake Mead,美国最大的水库 the biggest reservoir in America,蓄水量足以将整个纽约州 big enough to flood the entire覆盖在一英尺深的水下 state of New York under a foot of water.让加利福尼亚成为 It helps California produce more food,美国粮食产量最大的州 for the United States than any other state.胡佛大坝建筑工人还带动了周围地区的发展 The Hoover Dam workers make something else boom as well.他们常去30英里外的 A little town 30 miles away where一座小镇喝酒赌博 they go to drink and gamble.小镇的名字叫做 Its name:拉斯维加斯 Las Vegas.胡佛大坝一名建筑工人的妻子如是说 As the wife of one Hoover Dam worker puts it: 他们的工作如此危险 When men worked in such dangerous surroundings,所以偶尔放纵一下 you couldn't blame a lot of fellas也是无可厚非 for sort of letting their hair down.他们开心就好 They were having fun.1930年拉斯维加斯城居民共5000人 1930. 5,000 people live in Las Vegas.然后来了建筑大坝的工人 Then the dam workers arrive.然后是游客然后是赌博业的兴起 Then the tourists. Then the gambling.现如今每年有3700多万人 Now, over 37 million people来到拉斯维加斯吃喝玩乐 come every year to party in Las Vegas.建成七十余年胡佛大坝依然 After 70 years, the Hoover Dam still为内华达州亚利桑那州 supplies power to the people of Nevada, Arizona,以及加州居民供电 and California.拉斯维加斯一家酒店有着全世界最大的探照灯 One Las Vegas hotel has the biggest flashlight on earth,这盏灯拥有400亿烛光功率 40 billion candle power.借助其灯光 You can read a newspaper人们可在10英里外的地方看报 10 miles out in space by its light.1934年黑暗笼罩着整个美国 1934. Darkness falls across America.这是美国历史上最严重的一次环境灾害 The worst environmental disaster in American history.沙尘暴侵袭纽约芝加哥和波士顿 Dust storms hit New York, Chicago and Boston. 曼哈顿区正午都不得不点亮路灯以照明 In Manhattan, the streetlights come on at midday.这场沙尘暴祸及1800英里土地 A monstrous dust storm 1,800 miles wide从大平原直到大西洋 from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean.空中满是沙尘 The air turns to earth.这场沙尘暴为每个美国人带来3吨沙尘 The storm carries 3 tons of dust for every American alive.船只只能滞留在东海岸 Ships stop off the Eastern Seaboard,不清楚岸上的情况 not sure what is happening.滚滚的沙尘让"德意志"号的船长以为 The cloud reminds the captain of the ship "The Deutschland"是撒哈拉沙漠的狂沙被吹来了海里 of the sands of the Sahara blowing out to sea. 而现在沙尘暴正吞噬着自由女神像 But now the clouds are devouring the Statue of Liberty.这场沙尘暴产生于一片100万英亩的死亡地带 Dust storms were born out of a 100 million-acre dead zone就在两千英里之外的俄克拉荷马 2,000 miles away in Oklahoma,德克萨斯堪萨斯与科罗拉多州一带 Texas, Kansas and Colorado.中央大平原曾是 The Great Plains had once been世界上最富饶的草原地带 the most fertile grasslands on earth.土壤耕种层深达6英尺 The topsoil was 6 feet deep,但经过四代美国农民的耕作 but it has been plowed up and used up这片土地已然贫瘠 by four generations of farmers.而太阳的烘烤又使它干透 Now the sun has dried it up.H.W.布兰茨 [德克萨斯大学教授]真正使农民严重受损的 What really did the farmers in是一场环境灾变 was an environmental cataclysm包括大范围干旱强风 that involved an extended drought, high winds,以及损失上百万吨耕种层土壤 and the loss of millions and millions of tons of topsoil.就仿佛上天 It was almost as though the heavens themselves都在和农民作对 had turned against the farmers.1930年这里几乎没有降水 By 1930, the rains virtually stop.重量较轻的有机物最肥沃的土壤 The lighter organic matter, the best soil,几乎都被风刮走了 is literally gone with the wind.小颗粒的沙尘悬浮在空中 The tiny particles of soil are suspended in the air.这引起了异常现象 Then a freakish phenomenon happens.地面与灰尘之间产生静电 Static electricity builds between the earth and the dust. 就像磁铁一样 Like a magnet,这种静电将更多沙尘吸入空中 the static electricity sucks up more and more dust, 滚雪球般越滚越大沙尘范围和威力剧增 feeding itself, growing in size and power. 灾难由此产生 A monster is created.沙尘到达一万英尺的高空 The dust is lifted up to 10,000 feet.借助高空风力 Powered by high-altitude winds,灾害肆虐全国 the monster rips across the country looking for prey.1935年4月14日科罗拉多州拉马尔城 April 14, 1935. Lamar, Colorado.露易丝·沃尔顿曾经的百老汇舞者和女演员 Louise Walton, once a Broadway dancer and an actress.放弃了喧嚣浮华 She gives up the glamour只为到草原来呼吸新鲜干燥的空气 to breathe the clean, dry air of the prairies. 医嘱说如此方能治其肺病 The doctors say her lungs need it.露易丝在南部平原过得很好 Louise thrives on the Southern Plains,她6岁的女儿珍妮也是如此 and so did her six-year-old daughter Jeanne...直到最近 until recently.他们的田园梦成了噩梦一场 Their rural dream has become a nightmare.过去三个月中就发生了49次沙尘暴 49 dust storms in the last three months.这一天天高气爽 But today the air is crisp and clear.珍妮刚刚出院 Jeanne has just got out of hospital她患的是沙尘暴引起的呼吸道疾病 with respiratory problems because of the dust storms.那天清晨 Early that morning,600英里以北 600 miles north,一股来自加拿大的冷锋 a cold front from Canada遭遇高压暖锋 had hit a warm high-pressure front--恰好形成了推动沙尘暴前进的强风 perfect conditions to create the winds for a dust storm.这可不是一般的沙尘暴 But this is not just any duster.这场沙尘暴到达北达科他州的俾斯麦城时 By the time it passes Bismarck, North Dakota,其规模与强度之大 it's the biggest, strongest dust storm在美国已经是前所未有 ever seen in America.冷锋推动沙尘暴在草原地区向南趋近 The cold front drives the storm south across the prairies.以65英里的时速 It's heading straight for向露易丝与珍妮所在处进发 Louise and Jeanne's place at 65 miles per hour.力量愈加强大 It grows more and more powerful.产生的静电 It produces enough static足以为纽约全市供电 electricity to power New York City.到达科罗拉多州拉马尔城时 By the time the storm reaches Lamar, colorado,沙尘暴已横跨200英里 it is 200 miles wide.气温骤降 The temperature plunges.下午2:40 2:40 p.M.珍妮发现沙尘暴正在靠近 Jeanne finds herself looking into the heart of the storm. 妈妈 Mommy!珍妮 Jeannie?我仿佛陷入漩涡 It was like I was caught in a whirlpool.突然之间四周一片黑暗 All of a sudden, it got completely dark.伸手不见五指 I couldn't see a thing.妈妈 Mommy!这些沙尘中带有30万吨 The dust clouds contain over 300,000 tons中央大平原的表层土壤 of Great Plains topsoil.人们要把自己用绳子绑住 People tie themselves to ropes才敢去几百英尺外的畜棚 before going to a barn just a few hundred feet away.牲畜大量死亡人们把尸体切开时 Cattle die, and when they are cut open,它们胃里满是沙土 their stomachs are full of sand.埃尔·卡玛里罗 [斯坦福大学教授]人们对此记忆深刻 There are these memories of people他们整天整天足不出户 that go for days and days and days holed up就呆在小平房里 inside of their little ranch houses,不见天日 and they never see the light of day因为沙尘太多 because the dust is so severe太密集蔓延几百英里 and it's so thick, over hundreds of miles.连续数天不见天日 For days, they don't see light.沙尘微粒进入了珍妮的肺部 The tiny dust particles drill into the child's lungs. 她患上了尘肺病一种在满天黄沙中蔓延的瘟疫 She comes down with dust pneumonia, the brown plague.在堪萨斯科罗拉多和德克萨斯 The Red Cross set up six emergency hospitals红十字会建立了6座急救医院 in Kansas, Colorado, and Texas来治疗沙尘暴引发的大量呼吸道感染 to deal with the rise of respiratory infections. 露易丝·沃尔顿来科罗拉多是为了呼吸新鲜空气 Louise Walton had come to Colorado for the air,可此时医生告诉她 and now doctors tell her她的女儿可能会因为这空气而丧命 that her little girl could die of it.中央大平原上上演了现实版的 There is an Exodus of Biblical proportions圣经出埃及记 underway on the Great Plains.到1936年农民们每天损失高达2500万 By 1936, farmers are losing $25 million a day. 这里已不再适宜耕种 Farming is no longer a possibility.大萧条接踵而至 The Great Depression takes hold.按揭贷款到期他们却无力支付 Their mortgage comes due, they can't pay it--因为没有任何收成 they're not growing crops.他们失去了家庭农场已经不能再算是农民了 They lose the family farm, they lose their identity.。
美国人生活改变英语作文
美国人生活改变英语作文Living in the United States has definitely changed my life in many ways. The fast-paced lifestyle here is a stark contrast to what I was used to back in my home country. People are always on the go, rushing from one place to another without a moment to spare.One thing that has really stood out to me is the diversity of cultures and backgrounds that exist in the US. It's amazing to see people from all walks of life coming together and coexisting in harmony. This has opened my eyes to new perspectives and broadened my understanding of the world.The food scene in the US is another aspect of American life that has had a huge impact on me. From fast food chains to gourmet restaurants, there is no shortage of delicious options to choose from. I've discovered new cuisines and flavors that I never knew existed, and it has been a delightful culinary adventure.One of the biggest challenges I have faced since moving to the US is the language barrier. English is not my first language, so I have had to work hard to improve my communication skills. It has been a struggle at times, but I have also found it rewarding to be able to express myself more fluently in a new language.The American work culture is also something that has surprised me. The emphasis on productivity and efficiency is commendable, but it can also be overwhelming at times. I have had to learn how to balance work and personal life in order to avoid burnout and maintain my well-being.Overall, living in the United States has been a transformative experience for me. It has challenged me to step out of my comfort zone, adapt to new ways of living, and embrace the opportunities that come my way. I am grateful for the lessons I have learned and the growth I have experienced during my time here.。
马丁路德金(19291968年)在波士顿大学获博士学位PPT课件
I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
.
3
• but one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact thatthe negro is still not free.
• one hundred years later, the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the hains of discriminat2
万黑人有自己的公司，26万黑人担
任公司的管理人员。美国政府官员
和执法官员的1/5是黑人，国务卿
也是黑人，有25000名黑人医生和
20万名黑人牧师。
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7
• it came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.
• 100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站 在他象征性的身影下——签署了《解放宣言》。 这项重要法令的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义 残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔， 恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。
我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州——一个非正义和压迫的热浪逼人 的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的青青绿洲。
我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色， 而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里
关于我在美国殖民地的生活英语作文
My life in colonial AmericanI live in a very ordinary family in colonial American. As the other families, mom, dad, elder brother and me lived a very happy life.When I was young, mom and dad are very busy, they do their own work in our farm. And my brother who is 3 years older than me take care of me.Because the family is not rich enough, we should wear the simple and rough clothes. But it is full of love, because the clothes was spun by my mother.Father went to the field and the coast everyday. He is the major one to feed all of our family members. Sometimes father will took the fish back and mom will cooked it for my brother and I. It is so delicious. The happiness at that time filled most of my childhood memory.Our house was a log cabin as the other family, because we cannot afford the bricks.Every evening, mom and dad taught my brother and me something. We believed in Christianity. Mom and dad taught us to read the Bible first and then, when my brother was 7 years old, my parents sent him to school.I wanted to go to school , too. But my parents said I was too young to do that. Later when I was also 7 years old, they did not allow me to go to school, too. I knew that the girl did not be allowed to go to school. I am very sad. I read the books of my brother and learned by myself. Then when the quaker girls were allowed to go to school, I had my chance to gain so much knowledge.As I became a teenager, I went to college and continue my study. My parents had not thought of I can gain so big improvements and step much higher than my brother. They were very proud of me.The lives of people in colonial American are not easy. We have some market but it is very simple and crude. We bought things from there also sold our own products there. For example, my family was depend on this kind of life style, too.My family have a trip of land far away from the sea coast. So it is suitable for planting. Mom and dad grew barley and corn on it. Because we grew enough wheat and corn, we could have our own bread made from our own wheat flour.And outside our yard, we had a piece of land on which we fed the dairy cattle which product milk. We had enough milk to drink and could give some to our neighbor. Mom and dad fed some hens and roosters. By this way, we could have fresh eggs. It is a very happy time, it is very precious.After my graduation, I went back to myt hometown and gave all my knowledge back to built our new home. With knowledge, mom and dad ,elder brother and I lived a happy life till now. My life is full of happiness although it is not ease when I was young. At least, I feel satisfied to my whole life.。
the-sad-young-men-课文和翻译
The Sad Young MenRod W. Horton and Herbert W。
Edwards1 No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation。
The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young：memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality，and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road；questions about the naughty，jazzy parties, the flask-toting ”sheik,” and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the "flapper” and the ”drug-store cowboy。
” "Were young people really so wild？" present-day students ask their parents and teachers。
”Was there really a Younger Generation problem？” The answers to such inquiries must of necessity be "yes" and "no”-—”Yes" because the business of growing up is always accompanied by a Younger Generation Problem；”no" because what s eemed so wild，irresponsible, and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degenerauon of our jazzmad youth。
美国中学生生活的英语作文
美国中学生生活的英语作文{z}Title: American Teenage LifeIntroduction:American teenage life is a fascinating journey filled with diverse experiences and opportunities.It is a crucial period of growth, exploration, and self-discovery.This essay will explore various aspects of American teenage life, including education, extracurricular activities, social life, and family dynamics.Education:In the United States, education plays a significant role in the lives of teenagers.Students attend public or private schools from grades K-12.The education system emphasizes a well-rounded curriculum, including core subjects such as mathematics, science, English, and social studies.Teenagers are encouraged to develop critical thinking skills, participate in discussions, and express their opinions.Extracurricular Activities:American teenagers actively engage in extracurricular activities to enhance their skills and explore their interests.These activities range from sports to music, drama, clubs, and community service.Participating in extracurricular activities not only helps teenagers build confidence but also teaches them teamwork and time management skills.Social Life:Social life among American teenagers is diverse and dynamic.They interact with peers from different backgrounds, cultures, and religions.The social environment encourages individuality, self-expression, and respect for others.Teenagers often form close friendships, participate in social events, and connect through social media platforms.Family Dynamics:Family dynamics in America are influenced by cultural, economic, and social factors.Teenagers typically live with their parents and siblings.The family unit serves as a foundation for emotional support, guidance, and values.Parent-child communication is essential, and families often engage in activities together, such as watching movies, dining out, or going on vacations.Challenges:Despite the numerous opportunities, American teenagers face challenges such as academic pressure, social anxiety, and peer pressure.The pressure to excel academically can be overwhelming, and teenagers often feel the weight of expectations.Additionally, they may encounter bullying or face difficulties in navigating social relationships.Conclusion:American teenage life is a complex and enriching experience.It offers a wide range of opportunities for personal growth, exploration, and learning.Teenagers navigate through educational challenges, engage inextracurricular activities, build meaningful relationships, and cherish family moments.Despite the challenges they encounter, American teenagers continue to develop into well-rounded individuals, prepared for the future.。
美国人的生活方式英语作文
美国人的生活方式英语作文The American Way of LifeAmerica, a land of endless possibilities, has captivated the world with its unique and diverse way of life. As one of the most influential countries on the global stage, the United States has cultivated a culture that is both fascinating and complex, blending together the traditions and values of its diverse population. From the bustling cities of New York and Los Angeles to the serene landscapes of the Midwest, the American way of life is a tapestry woven with threads of individualism, entrepreneurship, and a relentless pursuit of the American Dream.At the heart of the American way of life is the concept of personal freedom and self-determination. Americans place a high value on individual rights and liberties, and this ethos is reflected in various aspects of their daily lives. The freedom to choose one's own path, to pursue one's passions, and to strive for success are all integral components of the American experience. This emphasis on personal autonomy is evident in the country's political system, where citizens actively participate in the democratic process, exercising their right to vote and voice their opinions on matters that affect theircommunities and the nation as a whole.The American work ethic is another defining feature of the country's way of life. Americans are often lauded for their industriousness and dedication to their careers. The concept of the "American Dream" –the belief that through hard work and perseverance, one can achieve social mobility and financial success – is deeply ingrained in the national psyche. This drive to succeed is manifested in the long work hours, the emphasis on productivity, and the willingness to take risks in the pursuit of professional advancement.Alongside this strong work ethic, Americans also place a high value on leisure and recreation. The country is renowned for its diverse range of entertainment options, from the glitz and glamour of Hollywood to the thrill of professional sports. Americans enthusiastically embrace a wide array of recreational activities, from hiking and camping in the great outdoors to attending concerts and sporting events. This balance between work and play is seen as an integral part of the American lifestyle, allowing individuals to recharge and rejuvenate while still maintaining a strong commitment to their professional obligations.The American way of life is also characterized by a deep sense of community and social engagement. Despite the country's vast size and diverse population, Americans have a strong tradition of civicinvolvement, volunteering, and charitable giving. From neighborhood block parties to national fundraising events, Americans often come together to support one another and contribute to the greater good. This spirit of community is further reflected in the country's robust network of non-profit organizations, religious institutions, and community-based initiatives, all of which play a vital role in shaping the social fabric of the nation.Another key aspect of the American way of life is the country's commitment to diversity and multiculturalism. As a nation of immigrants, the United States has long been a melting pot of cultures, traditions, and beliefs. This diversity is celebrated and embraced, with Americans taking pride in the rich tapestry of their national identity. From the vibrant ethnic enclaves of major cities to the diverse cuisines and artistic expressions that permeate the country, the American way of life is constantly evolving and adapting to the influx of new ideas and influences.Despite the many positive aspects of the American way of life, it is not without its challenges and criticisms. Issues such as income inequality, racial and social injustice, and political polarization have all been the subject of ongoing debates and reform efforts. Americans are often confronted with the complexities and contradictions inherent in their way of life, grappling with the balance between individual freedom and collective responsibility,and the need to address systemic inequities while preserving the core values that have long defined the American experience.Ultimately, the American way of life is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon, constantly evolving and adapting to the changing needs and aspirations of its people. Whether one embraces or critiques the American way of life, it remains a powerful and influential force that continues to shape the global landscape, inspiring both admiration and introspection. As the United States navigates the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century, the enduring spirit of the American way of life will undoubtedly continue to captivate and inspire people around the world.。
双语阅读：The Life in Your Twenties 20岁的生活
Headoffice管理总部双语阅读：The Life in Your Twenties 20岁的生活Being a woman in your 20s is a glorious thing. You’re at a stage where you can take risks in life and in your career, and the possibilities for both are seemingly endless. But that uncertainty can also cause stress, doubt (cough, quarter-life crisis, cough), and anxiety over whether you’ll ever reach your goals or truly have it all. So for all those times you just want to throw up your hands in frustration, this advice is for you. Read on, and know that it’s all going to be OK.20多岁对于女性来说是非常美好的年纪。
这个阶段你在生活和事业上都可以冒险，而且两者似乎都有着无限可能。
但不确定性也可能带来压力、怀疑(奔三的危机)以及对你是否能实现目标或者真正拥有一切的焦虑。
在那些你感到沮丧，想要举手投降的时候，看看这些建议。
读下去，你会明白一切都会好的。
On Constant Worrying关于持续的担忧Dufu says one of the greatest pieces of advice she ever received was about her constant worrying. “My mentor said, ‘If you would spend less time worrying about choices you don’t have and actually creating those choices, you would be better off.’You know that dynamic of worrying about moving to a new city when you haven’t even applied to the job? Take that energy and instead apply it to the job application or interview.”杜芙说她得到的最宝贵的建议之一是关于她持续的担忧。
一个美国人的生活作文英文
一个美国人的生活作文英文英文：As an American, my life is full of diverse experiences and opportunities. From growing up in a small town in the Midwest to living in a bustling city on the East Coast, I have had the chance to see and do many things.One aspect of American life that I particularly enjoy is the emphasis on individualism. Americans are encouraged to pursue their own interests and passions, and to express themselves freely. For example, I have always been interested in music, and I have been able to explore this passion through playing in bands and attending concerts. This sense of individuality is also reflected in the way that Americans approach their careers. People are encouraged to pursue their own paths, whether that means starting their own business or pursuing a creative career.Another important aspect of American life is thediversity of cultures and backgrounds. I have had the opportunity to meet people from all over the world, and to learn about their customs and traditions. This has broadened my perspective and helped me to appreciate the differences that make us unique.Of course, there are also challenges that come with living in America. One of the biggest is the high cost of healthcare. Many Americans struggle to afford basic medical care, and this is a major issue that needs to be addressed.Overall, though, I feel fortunate to live in a country that values individualism and diversity. It has given me the chance to explore my own interests and to learn from others, and I am grateful for that.中文：作为一个美国人，我的生活充满了各种不同的经历和机会。
马丁路德金演讲稿中英文版
马丁路德金演讲稿中英文版马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King, Jr.，1929年1月15日-1968年4月4日)，著名的美国民权运动领袖。
1948年大学毕业。
1948年至1951年期间，在美国东海岸的费城继续深造。
以下是店铺整理了马丁路德金演讲稿中英文版，供你参考。
马丁路德金演讲稿英文版：I have a dreamFive score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back tothe slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.”I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color if their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see ittogether.This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning.My country, ’ tis of thee,Sweet land of liberty,Of thee I sing:Land where my fathers died,Land of the pilgrims’ pride,From every mountainsideLet freedom ring.And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York!Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slops of California!But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi!From every mountainside, let freedom ring!When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last! free at last! thank God almighty, we are free at last!”马丁路德金演讲稿中文版：我有一个梦想一百年前，一位伟大的美国人签署了解放黑奴宣言，今天我们就是在他的雕像前集会。
An American Prayer美国祈祷者
Do you know the warm progress under the stars?
你了解星空下万物温馨的生长吗，
Do you know we exist?
你了解我们的存在吗，
Have you forgotten the keys to the Kingdom?
我们聚集在古老而荒唐的剧院中，
To propagate our lust for life and flee，
是为了传播我们对逃亡求生的欲望，
the swarming wisdom of the streets，
大街小巷的智者蜂拥而出，
The barns are stormed，
Music inflames temperament，
音乐点燃了人们的激情，
When the true King's murderers are allowed，
当名正言顺之王手下的杀人犯，
to roam free a 1000 magicians arise in the land，
谷仓一一被风暴席卷，
The windows kept and only one of all the rest，
窗户四开 人群中只有一人，
To dance and save us，
洒脱起舞来拯救我等，
the divine mockery of words，
议论纷纷中饱含着神圣的嘲弄，
我们需要伟大而神圣的孕育，
The fathers are cackling in trees of the forest，
父辈们在林间高谈阔论，
[英语作文]《美国之梦》英语读后感
![[英语作文]《美国之梦》英语读后感](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/83cf9e8b011ca300a7c390e4.png)
[英语作文]《美国之梦》英语读后感《美国之梦》英语读后感Novel describe and buy to sell through perfect art form wine upstart" American dream" that Gatsby pursue unreal the twenties Kill ， has announcedthe tragedy of the American society。
Gatsby falls in love with Daisy and departure is actually a very ordinary love story。
But the author makesskilful opening moves， regard girl whom Gatsby loved the symbols of the youth，money and status deeply as， Regard U。
S。
A。
as by means to pursue rich material life" Dream of"。
For pursue Gatsby Daisy exhaust own emotion and ability and intelligence， ruin one's own life。
He thought innocently : Can revive an old dream after having money， redeem the lost love。
It's a pity ，he is wrong。
He has misunderstood this one of Daisy Vulgar and shallow woman 。
He has misunderstood the boring society on the surface dissipated andluxurious and hollowly on spirit。
马丁路德金中英文经典演讲稿范文
马丁路德金中英文经典演讲稿范文不过一百年后的今天，黑人还没有得到自由，一百年后的今天，在种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的枷锁下，黑人的生活备受压榨。
一百年后的今天，黑人仍生活在物质充裕的海洋中一个贫困的孤岛上。
一百年后的今天，黑人仍然萎缩在美国社会的角落里，并且意识到自己是故土家园中的流亡者。
今天我们在这里集会，就是要把这种骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。
我并非没有注意到，参加今天集会的人中，有些受尽苦难和折磨，有些刚刚走出窄小的牢房，有些因为寻求自由，曾早居住地惨遭疯狂迫害的打击，并在警察暴行的旋风中摇摇欲坠。
你们是人为痛苦的长期受难者。
坚持下去吧，要坚决相信，忍受不应得的痛苦是一种赎罪。
让我们回到密西西比去，回到阿拉巴马去，回到南卡罗莱纳去，回到佐治亚去，回到路易斯安那去，回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居住区去，要心中有数，这种状况是能够也必将改变的。
我们不要陷入绝望而不能自拔。
朋友们，今天我对你们说，在此时此刻，我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折，我仍然有一个梦想。
这个梦是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。
我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的；人人生而平等。
”我梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。
我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹，压迫成风，如同沙漠般的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。
我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评判他们的国度里生活。
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天，阿拉巴马州能够有所转变，即使该州州长现在仍然满口异议，反对联邦法令，但有着一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能够与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，携手并进。
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天，幽谷上升，高山下降，坎坷曲折之路成坦途，圣光披露，满照人间。
这就是我们的希望。
我怀着这种信念回到南方。
有了这个信念，我们将能从绝望之岭劈出一块希望之石。
美国生活英语作文
美国生活英语作文Title: Embracing American Life: A Journey of Discovery。
Living in the United States has been an enriching experience, filled with cultural immersion and personal growth. From navigating everyday conversations to understanding societal norms, my journey in adapting to American life has been both challenging and rewarding.First and foremost, communication plays a pivotal rolein integrating into American society. Mastering English language skills has been essential for effectiveinteraction with people from diverse backgrounds. Through daily conversations, interactions at work or school, and participation in community events, I have honed my language abilities and gained confidence in expressing myself fluently.Moreover, understanding American culture goes beyond language proficiency. It entails grasping the intricaciesof social etiquette, customs, and values. One aspect that fascinated me is the concept of "small talk." Unlike in some cultures where directness is valued, Americans often engage in light-hearted conversations about weather, sports, or current events as a way to build rapport. Embracing this cultural norm has helped me forge connections and foster relationships in various social settings.Additionally, navigating the American education system has been enlightening. From primary school to higher education institutions, the emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and independent learning has been evident. Participating in group projects, discussions, and extracurricular activities has not only enriched my academic experience but also broadened my perspectives on various subjects.Furthermore, embracing diversity has been a cornerstone of my journey in the United States. America's melting potof cultures, religions, and ethnicities fosters an environment of inclusivity and acceptance. Interacting with individuals from different backgrounds has broadened myworldview and enriched my understanding of global issues.It has also taught me the importance of empathy, tolerance, and cultural sensitivity in building harmonious relationships within a diverse community.Moreover, experiencing American holidays and traditions has been both fascinating and enjoyable. From celebrating Thanksgiving with friends and family to witnessing the spectacular fireworks on the Fourth of July, each tradition carries its own significance and provides insights into American history and values. Immersing myself in these cultural festivities has deepened my appreciation for the rich tapestry of American heritage.Furthermore, adapting to the American way of life has also involved embracing certain lifestyle choices and habits. Whether it's enjoying a classic American BBQ, indulging in fast food delicacies, or engaging in outdoor recreational activities like hiking and camping, embracing these aspects of American culture has added vibrancy to my daily life.In conclusion, my journey of embracing American life has been a transformative experience filled with valuable lessons and memorable encounters. From mastering the English language to understanding cultural nuances, navigating the education system, embracing diversity, and participating in cultural traditions, each aspect has contributed to my personal growth and enriched my life in profound ways. As I continue to immerse myself in the complexities and wonders of American society, I look forward to further exploration, learning, and growth on this remarkable journey.。
美国经典演讲 麦克阿瑟：《老兵不死》(英文原版及翻译)
美国经典演讲麦克阿瑟：《老兵不死》（英文原版及翻译）President, Mr. Speaker, and Distinguished Members of the Congress: I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride -- humility in theweight of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debaterepresents human liberty in the purest form yet devised. Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race. I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the issues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan consideration. They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected. I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving thatwhich I have to say as solely expressing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American. I address you with neither rancor nor bitterness in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country. The issuesare global and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector,oblivious to those of another, is but to court disaster for the whole. WhileAsia is commonly referred to as the Gateway to Europe, it is no less true that Europe is the Gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other. There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort. I canthink of no greater expression of defeatism. If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his effort. The Communist threatis a global one. Its successful advance in one sector threatens the destructionof every other sector. You can not appease or otherwise surrender to communismin Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe. Beyond pointing out these general truisms, I shall confine my discussion to the general areas of Asia. Before one may objectively assess the situation now existing there, he must comprehend something of Asia's past andthe revolutionary changes which have marked her course up to the present. Long exploited by the so-called colonial powers, with little opportunity to achieveany degree of social justice, individual dignity, or a higher standard of lifesuch as guided our own noble administration in the Philippines, the peoples ofAsia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism and now see the dawn of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom. Mustering half of theearth's population, and 60 percent of its natural resources these peoples arerapidly consolidating a new force, both moral and material, with which to raisethe living standard and erect adaptations of the design of modern progress totheir own distinct cultural environments. Whether one adheres to the concept of colonization or not, this is the direction of Asian progress and it may not be stopped. It is a corollary to the shift of the world economic frontiers as thewhole epicenter of world affairs rotates back toward the area whence it started.In this situation, it becomes vital that our own country orient its policiesin consonance with this basic evolutionary condition rather than pursue a course blind to the reality that the colonial era is now past and the Asian peoplescovet the right to shape their own free destiny. What they seek now is friendly guidance, understanding, and support -- not imperious direction -- the dignityof equality and not the shame of subjugation. Their pre-war standard of life, pitifully low, is infinitely lower now in the devastation left in war's wake.World ideologies play little part in Asian thinking and are little understood.What the peoples strive for is the opportunity for a little more food in their stomachs, a little better clothing on their backs, a little firmer roof overtheir heads, and the realization of the normal nationalist urge for political freedom. These political-social conditions have but an indirect bearing upon our own national security, but do form a backdrop to contemporary planning which must be thoughtfully considered if we are to avoid the pitfalls of unrealism.Of more direct and immediately bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean in the course ofthe past war. Prior thereto the western strategic frontier of the United Stateslay on the literal line of the Americas, with an exposed island salientextending out through Hawaii, Midway, and Guam to the Philippines. That salient proved not an outpost of strength but an avenue of weakness along which the enemy could and did attack. The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. All thiswas changed by our Pacific victory. Our strategic frontier then shifted toembrace the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat to protect us as long as we held it. Indeed, it acts as a protective shield for all of the Americasand all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area. We control it to the shores ofAsia by a chain of islands extending in an arc from the Aleutians to the Mariannas held by us and our free allies. From this island chain we can dominate with sea and air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore -- and prevent any hostile movement into the Pacific. Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious effort.* No amphibious force can be successful without control of the sea lanes and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance.With naval and air supremacy and modest ground elements to defend bases, any major attack from continental Asia toward us or our friends in the Pacific wouldbe doomed to failure. Under such conditions, the Pacific no longer represents menacing avenues of approach for a prospective invader. It assumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and canbe maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense. It envisions no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions essential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggression. The holding of this literal defense line in the western Pacific isentirely dependent upon holding all segments thereof; for any major breach ofthat line by an unfriendly power would render vulnerable to determined attackevery other major segment. This is a military estimate as to which I have yetto find a military leader who will take exception. For that reason, I havestrongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency, that under no circumstances must Formosa fall under Communist control. Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregonand Washington. To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture overthe past 50 years. China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous, being compartmented into groups divided against each other. The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets of theConfucian ideal of pacifist culture. At the turn of the century, under theregime of Chang Tso Lin, efforts toward greater homogeneity produced the startof a nationalist urge. This was further and more successfully developed underthe leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek, but has been brought to its greatest fruition under the present regime to the point that it has now taken on the character ofa united nationalism of increasingly dominant, aggressive tendencies. Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals. They now constitute excellent soldiers, with competent staffs and commanders. This has produced a new and dominant power in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Russia but which in itsown concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic, with a lust for expansion and increased power normal to this type of imperialism. There is little of the ideological concept either one way or another in the Chinesemake-up. The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation has beenso thoroughly dissipated by war that the masses are desperate and eager tofollow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies. I have from the beginning believed that the Chinese Communists' support of the North Koreans was the dominant one. Their interests are, at present, parallel with those of the Soviet. But I believe that theaggressiveness recently displayed not only in Korea but also in Indo-China andTibet and pointing potentially toward the South reflects predominantly the samelust for the expansion of power which has animated every would-be conquerorsince the beginning of time. The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicatedto the supremacy of individual liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed tothe advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. That itmay be counted upon to wield a profoundly beneficial influence over the courseof events in Asia is attested by the magnificent manner in which the Japanesepeople have met the recent challenge of war, unrest, and confusion surroundingthem from the outside and checked communism within their own frontiers without the slightest slackening in their forward progress. I sent all four of ouroccupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms asto the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fullyjustified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious,nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service inthe advance of the human race. Of our former ward, the Philippines, we can look forward in confidence that the existing unrest will be corrected and astrong and healthy nation will grow in the longer aftermath of war's terrible destructiveness. We must be patient and understanding and never fail them -- asin our hour of need, they did not fail us. A Christian nation, the Philippinesstand as a mighty bulwark of Christianity in the Far East, and its capacity forhigh moral leadership in Asia is unlimited. On Formosa, the government of the Republic of China has had the opportunity to refute by action much of the malicious gossip which so undermined the strength of its leadership on theChinese mainland. The Formosan people are receiving a just and enlightened administration with majority representation on the organs of government, and politically, economically, and socially they appear to be advancing along soundand constructive lines. With this brief insight into the surrounding areas, Inow turn to the Korean conflict. While I was not consulted prior to thePresident's decision to intervene in support of the Republic of Korea, thatdecision from a military standpoint, proved a sound one, as we hurled back the invader and decimated his forces. Our victory was complete, and our objectives within reach, when Red China intervened with numerically superior ground forces.This created a new war and an entirely new situation, a situation not contemplated when our forces were committed against the North Korean invaders; a situation which called for new decisions in the diplomatic sphere to permit the realistic adjustment of military strategy. Such decisions have not been forthcoming. While no man in his right mind would advocate sending our groundforces into continental China, and such was never given a thought, the newsituation did urgently demand a drastic revision of strategic planning if ourpolitical aim was to defeat this new enemy as we had defeated the old. Apart from the military need, as I saw It, to neutralize the sanctuary protectiongiven the enemy north of the Yalu, I felt that military necessity in the conductof the war made necessary: first the intensification of our economic blockade against China; two the imposition of a naval blockade against the China coast;three removal of restrictions on air reconnaissance of China's coastal areas andof Manchuria; four removal of restrictions on the forces of the Republic ofChina on Formosa, with logistical support to contribute to their effective operations against the common enemy. For entertaining these views, all professionally designed to support our forces committed to Korea and bring hostilities to an end with the least possible delay and at a saving of countlessAmerican and allied lives, I have been severely criticized in lay circles,principally abroad, despite my understanding that from a military standpoint the above views have been fully shared in the past by practically every militaryleader concerned with the Korean campaign, including our own Joint Chiefs of Staff. I called for reinforcements but was informed that reinforcements werenot available. I made clear that if not permitted to destroy the enemy built-upbases north of the Yalu, if not permitted to utilize the friendly Chinese Forceof some 600,000 men on Formosa, if not permitted to blockade the China coast to prevent the Chinese Reds from getting succor from without, and if there were tobe no hope of major reinforcements, the position of the command from themilitary standpoint forbade victory. We could hold in Korea by constant maneuver and in an approximate area where our supply line advantages were in balance with the supply line disadvantages of the enemy, but we could hope atbest for only an indecisive campaign with its terrible and constant attritionupon our forces if the enemy utilized its full military potential. I haveconstantly called for the new political decisions essential to a solution.Efforts have been made to distort my position. It has been said, in effect,that I was a warmonger. Nothing could be further from the truth. I know war asfew other men now living know it, and nothing to me is more revolting. I havelong advocated its complete abolition, as its very destructiveness on bothfriend and foe has rendered it useless as a means of settling internationaldisputes. Indeed, on the second day of September, nineteen hundred andforty-five, just following the surrender of the Japanese nation on theBattleship Missouri, I formally cautioned as follows: "Men since the beginning of time have sought peace. Various methods through the ages have been attempted to devise an international process to prevent or settle disputes between nations. From the very start workable methods were found in so faras individual citizens were concerned, but the mechanics of an instrumentality of larger international scope have never been successful. Military alliances, balances of power, Leagues of Nations, all in turn failed, leaving the only path to be by way of the crucible of war. The utter destructiveness of war now blocks out this alternative. We have had our last chance. If we will not devise some greater and more equitable system,Armageddon will be at our door. The problem basically is theological and involves a spiritual recrudescence and improvement of human character thatwill synchronize with our almost matchless advances in science, art, literature, and all material and cultural developments of the past 2000 years. It must be of the spirit if we are to save the flesh." But once waris forced upon us, there is no other alternative than to apply every availablemeans to bring it to a swift end. War's very object is victory, not prolonged indecision. In war there is no substitute for victory. There are some who, for varying reasons, would appease Red China. They are blind to history's clearlesson, for history teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasement butbegets new and bloodier war. It points to no single instance where this end has justified that means, where appeasement has led to more than a sham peace. Like blackmail, it lays the basis for new and successively greater demands until, asin blackmail, violence becomes the only other alternative. "Why," my soldiers asked of me, "surrender military advantages to an enemy in the field?" I couldnot answer. Some may say: to avoid spread of the conflict into an all-out war with China; others, to avoid Soviet intervention. Neither explanation seemsvalid, for China is already engaging with the maximum power it can commit, andthe Soviet will not necessarily mesh its actions with our moves. Like a cobra,any new enemy will more likely strike whenever it feels that the relativity inmilitary or other potential is in its favor on a world-wide basis. The tragedyof Korea is further heightened by the fact that its military action is confinedto its territorial limits. It condemns that nation, which it is our purpose tosave, to suffer the devastating impact of full naval and air bombardment whilethe enemy's sanctuaries are fully protected from such attack and devastation.Of the nations of the world, Korea alone, up to now, is the sole one which has risked its all against communism. The magnificence of the courage and fortitudeof the Korean people defies description. They have chosen to risk death rather than slavery. Their last words to me were: "Don't scuttle the Pacific!" I havejust left your fighting sons in Korea. They have met all tests there, and I canreport to you without reservation that they are splendid in every way. It wasmy constant effort to preserve them and end this savage conflict honorably andwith the least loss of time and a minimum sacrifice of life. Its growingbloodshed has caused me the deepest anguish and anxiety. Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. I am closing my 52 years of military service. When I joined the Army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all of my boyish hopes and dreams. The worldhas turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, andthe hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrainof one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that "old soldiers never die; they just fade away." And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, anold soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty.Good Bye.中文翻译：总统先生、议长先生和尊敬的国会议员们：我怀着十分谦卑而又骄傲的心情站在这演讲台上。
怀念在美国的生活英语作文
怀念在美国的生活英语作文I still remember the day when I first set foot on American soil. It was a crisp autumn day, and the leaves on the trees were turning a beautiful shade of red and gold. As I walked out of the airport, I was struck by the sense of excitement and wonder that filled me. I was in America, the land of opportunity, and I couldn't wait to explore all that it had to offer.Over the next few years, I had the privilege of living and studying in America. I lived in a small town in the Midwest, where the people were friendly and welcoming. I attended a university that was renowned for its academic excellence, and I had the opportunity to learn from some of the best professors in the world.One of the things that I loved most about living in America was the diversity of cultures and experiences that I encountered. I met people from all over the world, each with their own unique stories and backgrounds. I tried newfoods, learned new languages, and gained a deeper appreciation for the richness and complexity of the human experience.But perhaps what I loved most about living in America was the sense of freedom and opportunity that I felt. In America, I felt like anything was possible. I could pursue my dreams and ambitions without fear of discrimination or persecution. I could express myself freely and openly, without worrying about censorship or repression. And Icould live my life on my own terms, without being constrained by tradition or convention.Of course, living in America was not without its challenges. There were times when I felt homesick and lonely, and there were moments when I struggled to adapt to the cultural differences. But even in those difficult times, I never lost sight of the beauty and wonder of the American experience.Now that I have returned to my home country, I find myself looking back on my time in America with a sense ofnostalgia and longing. I miss the people, the places, and the experiences that made my time in America so special. But I also feel grateful for the memories and lessons that I gained from my time there.In many ways, my time in America was a transformative experience that shaped the person I am today. It taught me to be open-minded, curious, and empathetic. It showed me that the world is full of beauty and wonder, and that we have the power to shape our own destinies.So even though I am no longer living in America, a part of me will always be there. And I will always be grateful for the time that I spent in that wonderful and magical place.。
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• Pro:
– Anglo-Saxon – “Native” Americans – Protestants
• They are a new twist on an old costume.
• Especially popular in the Midwest & “Bible Belt” South
Results of Restricted Immigration
• Patchwork of ethnic communities separated from each other and larger society by language, customs, and religion
• Employers used ethnic rivalries to keep workers divided and powerless
– Undermined political and class solidarity – Labor unions found organizing difficult
Prohibition
• Supported mainly by churches & women • 1919 – 18th Amendment • Volstead Act – passed by Congress
• Led raids against suspected left-wing radicals • Rounded up over 6000 suspects • Why is he so mad?
– Many states passed laws that made unlawful the mere advocacy (talking) of violence to secure social change
– The US continues to believe that Communism is trying to sink its red teeth into the democratic neck of the United States!
– Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
– “speakeasies” – “bathtub gin”
• Many see as pointless
– 5 million due-paying members
• Decline in late 1920s
Slowing
Immigration
• Emergency Quota Act of 1921 – European immigrants were restricted by a definite quota – Quota was set at 3% of their nationality that had been living in the US in 1910 – Favorable to southern & eastern European immigrants
American Life in the “Roaring Twenties”
1919 - 1929
Insulating America
• THE RED SCARE 1ear that labor violence after WWI was associated with the communist revolution in Russia.
– Provided the means to enforce the law
• Fairly popular in the Midwest & especially in the South
• Strong opposition in larger eastern cities • Extremely difficult to enforce
KKK
• Against:
– Foreigners (nativist) – Catholics – Blacks – Jews – Pacifists – Communists – Internationalists – Evolutionists – Bootleggers – Gambling – Adultery – Birth Control – Almost everyone Except white sheets, 800
– Mainly because they were: Italian, atheists, anarchists, & draft dodgers
• Electrocuted in 1927 • Whether they were guilty or Not, the atmosphere of antiCommunism was more than Enough to have them killed.
• Immigration Act of 1924 – Quotas were cut to 2% & base year switched to 1890 – No Japanese immigrants allowed – Canadians & Latin Americans were excluded – Who does this hurt? – This is overly harsh against Southern and Eastern Europeans.
Sacco & Vanzetti Trial
• Nicola Sacco - (shoe-factory worker) • Bartolomeo Vanzetti – (fish peddler) • Convicted in 1921 of the murder of a
Massachusetts paymaster & his guard