代词讲解

代词
一、学习目标：
知识目标：1. 了解代词的分类
2. 重点掌握人称代词、物主代词、不定代词和反身代词
能力目标：学会正确运用各类代词。

情感目标：帮助同学们进行知识的归纳总结，拓宽知识面。

二、重点、难点：
1. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法；
2. 常见的不定代词的用法；
三、考情分析：
近年来，全国各地的中考英语试题对代词的考查主要集中在下面三个方面：
1. 不定代词的用法；
2. 物主代词的用法；
3. 人称代词的宾格。

四、知能提升：
（一）知识讲解
代词是用来代替名词并起名词作用的词。

代词可分为以下几类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。

I. 人称代词
人称代词是用来指人、动物或事物的代词。

人称代词有人称、数、格的变化，分为主格、
人称代词的用法
（1）主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语。

He is a student. （he是主格，作句子的主语）
We don’t know him. （him是宾格，作动词know的宾语）
Mr Wang is waiting for us outside. （us是宾格，作介词for的宾语）
【考题链接】
①I’m going skating. Would you like to go with ?
A. me
B. I
C. my
D. mine
答案：A
解题思路：句意是“我打算去滑冰，你愿意和我一起去吗？”介词with后需要接代词作宾语。

my和mine意为“我的”，不符合题意。

I是主格，而me是宾格，可以作宾语。

故选A。

②—Who’s your English teacher?
—Miss Gao. She teaches English very well.
A. our
B. us
C. ours
D. we
答案：B
解题思路：固定短语teach sb. sth.“教某人某事”，teach后接双宾语，其中人称代词要用宾格形式。

所以选B。

（2）it作人称代词的用法。

①代表不知性别的孩子或婴儿或只闻其声、不见其人的人。

The bell rings again. Go and see who it is.
【考题链接】
—Who is singing in the next room?
—must be Maria.
A. It
B. She
C. This
D. There
答案：A
解题思路：句意为“谁在隔壁唱歌？”“肯定是Maria。

”对只闻其声、不见其人的人用it。

②用来指时间、天气、气候、距离等。

It is ten thirty now.
It was snowing this morning.
It’s warm in this room.
How far is it from here to the park?
③作形式主语和形式宾语。

It is hard for me to work out the problem.
I find it hard to learn English well.
【考题链接】
Most young people find exciting to watch a football match.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
答案：A
解题思路：在这个句子中it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。

常用句型为“主语+think / consider / find + it + adj. + to do sth.”
［即学即练］
1. Do you know the girl between Mary and ?
A. she
B. I
C. his
D. me
2. isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.
A. That
B. Which
C. It
D. This
3. have a lot of work to do.
A. He, you and I
B. You, he and I
C. I, you and he
D. I, he and you
4. We find impossible to get there before 8 o’clock.
A. her
B. it
C. this
D. that
5. Yesterday was Dad’s birthday. I gave a scarf as a present.
A. he
B. him
C. his
II.物主代词
一）物主代词的分类
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。

物主代词分形容词性物主代
二）物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词之前作定语。

例如：
I love my family.
Is this your bike?
【考题链接】
Mary has got a lovely dog. name is Oliver. (it)
答案：Its
解题思路：name是名词，前面应该填写的是形容词性的物主代词作定语。

名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语、表语以及与“of”连用。

1. 名词性物主代词用作主语。

This is your bike. Mine is there.
—Are these their sweaters?
—No, theirs are on the bed.
2. 名词性物主代词用作宾语。

He likes his coat. I like mine (= my coat).
My pen is broken. May I use yours (= your pen)?
3. 名词性物主代词用作表语。

This is my book. That is yours.
Whose bag is it? It’s his.
4. 名词性物主代词与“of”连用。

（属双重所有格的一种形式）
Tom is an old friend of mine.
[练一练]
We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of .
A. us
B. our
C.ours
D.ourselves
【考题链接】
—Excuse me, is this watch?
—No, it’s not . It’s Tom’s.
A. your; my
B. yours; mine
C. you; it
D. your; mine
答案：D
解题思路：第一个空应该用形容词性物主代词your修饰名词watch，因为形容词性物主代词用作定语，放在名词前，因此可排除B、C。

第二空应用名词性物主代词，因为名词性
物主代词单独使用，相当于一个名词的作用，所以排除A。

故选D。

［即学即练］
1. —Is this your bike, David?
—No, it’s not. It’s Helen’s.
A. his
B. yours
C. mine
D. hers
2. —Who is the best friend of ?
—I think Mary is.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
3. Don’t worry about the children. They can take care of .
A.ourselves
B. themselves
C. yourself
D.yourselves
4. Something is wrong with your car. Don’t worry, you can use .(we)
III. 指示代词（this, that, these, those）
1)指示代词的基本用法：在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

This is a good idea. （作主语）
= This idea is good.（作定语）
What he wants is that/this.（作表语）
You like this but I like that.（作宾语）
2)指示代词的特殊用法：
1. 指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。

This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree.
These are my friends, and that is my sister.
2. this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物；that和those多指前面讲过的事物。

I will say this to you: he is an honest man.
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.
3. 在打电话时，this表示“我”，that表示“你”。

—Hello! This is Mike. Who’s that?
—Hello! This is John.
4. that 和those 可用来代替前面提到过的名词，以免重复，that代替单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词。

The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.
The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin.
【考题链接】
The pears in my basket are smaller than in Jim’s.
A. it
B. that
C. ones
D. those
答案：D
解题思路：在表示比较的句子中指代单数的人或物时用that，指代复数的人或物时用those。

本题中指代的是比较的另一方pears，故选those。

［即学即练］
1. —Hello, who’s ?
—Hello, is Mary speaking.
A. this, that
B. that, this
C. this, this
D. that, that
2. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. its
3. There was something wrong with my bike. is why I was late.
A. That
B. This
C. These
D. Those
IV.反身代词
反身代词指动作返回到动作执行者本身或进行强调，表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”。

与人称代词一样，反身代词的人称、数要与它所
1. 反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。

She bought herself a new bag. (
He’s not worried about himself. (
2. 反身代词与by连用，意为“独自”
Can you cook dinner by yourself?
3. 带有反身代词的常用短语。

teach oneself自学
help oneself to随便吃/喝些……
say to oneself自言自语
learn…by oneself = teach oneself
enjoy oneself过得愉快
dress oneself自己穿衣服
【考题链接】
1. —Did you enjoy at the party, Jimmy?
—Yes, Mum. I enjoyed very much.
A. yours; ourselves
B. yourselves; myself
C. yourself; myself
D. yourselves; ourselves
答案：C
解题思路：由答语中的“I”推知两空都应用单数形式的反身代词，再由句意可判断应选C。

2. John and Dicky are too busy to help us. Let’s do it .
A. herself
B. himself
C. themselves
D. ourselves
答案：D
解题思路：句意为“John和Dicky太忙了没法帮助咱们，咱们自己做吧。

”
［即学即练］
1. The little boy asked , “What should I do?”
A. he
B. himself
C. his
2. —What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?
—I made it by .
A. me
B. himself
C. myself
D. itself
3. I guess Tom and his sister Gina enjoyed at the party.
A. myself
B. himself
C. herself
D. themselves
V. 不定代词
不指明所代替的名词，而起到名词或形容词作用的代词叫不定代词。

不定代词有名词性和形容词性之分，既可起名词的作用，也可起形容词的作用；并有可数与不可数的区别。

常见不定代词的用法
一）one和it的用法
为了避免同一名词重复使用，常用one或it来代替前面提到的某个单数名词。

其区别是：it只能用来指物，它所代替的东西是前面提到过的那件特指的某物，指的是同类同物。

one 用来代替前面刚提到的同类事物，但不是同一件；one的前面可用the, this, that, which以及形容词等词修饰。

I lost my pen yesterday. I want to buy a new one.
I bought a new pen yesterday, and I gave it to my sister.
【考题链接】
1. —Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ?
—In Shanghai. Do you want to have like this?
A. it; one
B. it; it
C. one; it
D. one; one
答案：A
解题思路：句意为“你的手表很漂亮，在哪儿买的呀？”“在上海。

你想买一个这样的吗？”在表示替代时，it指上文出现的那个名词；one指代与上文名词一类的事物之一。

根据句意，应选A。

2. —Two Evening Papers, please!
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have , sir?
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
答案：B
解题思路：句意为“请拿两份《晚报》”“只剩一份了，您想要吗，先生？”指代上文提到的那份报纸，应用it。

［即学即练］
1. Your MP4 is quite cheap. Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too.
A. one; one
B. it; it
C. it; one
D. one; it
2. —Do you like Lucy’s new skirt?
—Yes, very much. I’ll ask Mum to buy for me.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
二）some 和any
some 和any 可与可数名词的复数和不可数名词连用。

some及其合成词somebody, something一般用于肯定句中。

any及其合成词anybody, anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

There are some birds in the tree.
There is some water in the bottle.
I don’t have any b rothers or sisters.
Is there any tea in the cup?
但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some/something。

Would you like something to eat?
What about some fruit juice?
【考题链接】
Be quiet! I have to tell you.
A. important anything
B. anything important
C. important something
D. something important
答案：D
解题思路：形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词后面，先排除A、C；又因为something 用在肯定句中，anything用在否定句中，故选D。

［即学即练］
1. I’m hungry. I want to eat.
A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. nothing
2. —Do you want more tea?
—Yes, please.
A. many
B. much
C. any
D. some
三）all和both
1. both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。

Her parents are both doctors.
They both like potatoes.
2. all“全体／大家／一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。

All of us are from China. (of不能省，即all不能直接带代词)
= We are all from China.
All the food is delicious.
【考题链接】
There are many tall buildings on sides of the street.
A. either
B. all
C. both
答案：C
解题思路：句意为“在街道两旁有很多高大建筑物”。

either 表示两者中的任意一个，后跟单数名词，排除A；all表示三者或三者以上，不符合题意；故选C. both两者都。

［即学即练］
1. I had to buy these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
A. all
B. none
C. both
D. neither
2. —Which tie is more suitable for me, the red one or the blue one?
—I have no idea. You’d better take them .
A. all
B. each
C. every
D. both
3. Their parents are (both, all, either) teachers.
四）many，much；(a)few，(a)little的用法
数；much可以代替或修饰不可数名词。

Many of the students come from England.
He has much to do.
2. few(+复数名词)，little(+不可数名词)表示“没多少／很少”(表否定)。

There were few people in the street last night.
I am very worried that I have little time to finish the job.
3. a few(+复数名词)，a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些／有几个”(表肯定)。

I can see a few cakes and a little bread in the fridge.
【考题链接】
—Good morning, Mr Brown. Would you please tell me the result of the exam?
—OK. You did quite well. You’ve made mistakes.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little.
答案：A
解题思路：由答语的前句意思“你做得很好”可知错误很少，且mistake是可数名词，故只能选择修饰可数名词且表否定意义的few。

［即学即练］
1. Engineers and workers are helping to rebuild the damaged city.
A. Many
B. Much
C. A little
D. A lot
2. There’s sauce left in the bottle. Would you go to the corner market to get ?
A. a little; some
B. a little; any
C. little; some
D. little; any
3. A lot of story books are on sale, but are good ones.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. many
4. The text is easy for you. There are new words in it.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
5. There is fish left. Help yourself to it.
A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few
五）one, other, others, the others, another等的用法
○→●（one…the other…）表示只有两者的情况下，一个与另一个的关系。

I have two friends．One is a teacher and the other is a doctor.
○→●●●（one…the others…）侧重列举多数人或物中的一个与其余全部。

They have four children. One is a girl and the others are boys.
○→○○●○○（one….another…）侧重在三个或三个以上的人或物中选择其中任意一个。

I don’t like this pair of shoes. Would you please show me another pair？
○○○→●●●●（some…the others…）列举多数人或物中的一部分和其余全部。

Some students are reading and the others are drawing pictures.
○○○→○○●●●（some…others…）列举多数人或物中的一部分和另一部分的一些（不是全部）。

Last Sunday, some students went to the Great Wall. Others stayed at home.
【考题链接】
—What about this T-shirt?
—I don’t like the color. Please show me one.
A. other
B. the other
C. another
D. each other
答案：C
解题思路：other“另外的”，后面用可数名词复数；the other两者中的另一个；another
指三者或三者以上中的另一个。

题干说不喜欢这件T恤衫的颜色，请再拿一件，卖T恤衫的不可能只有两件，所以选C。

each other“互相”，不符合题意。

［即学即练］
1. Mrs White has two children. is a driver, and is a nurse.
A. One; another
B. One; the other
C. One; other
D. One; others
2. Remember not to lend this computer to .
A. other
B. the other
C. others
D. another
3.I have six coloured pencils; one is blue, another is red, and are green.
A. others
B. other’s
C. other
D. the others
4. A: Did all the students in your class pass the test?
B: Some of them did. didn’t.
A. Another
B. The others
C.Some other
D. Others
VI. 疑问代词
疑问代词是指5个“wh”：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）, what（什么）, which
疑问代词意义作用例句
who 谁作主语，用来指人Who is the girl under the tree?
Who is not here?
whom 谁作宾语，用来指人Whom are you writing to?
Whom do you want to see?
whose 谁的用来指所属关系，如果
作定语，一般后接名词Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes?
which 哪个，哪些用来指人或物在一定范
围限制之内进行选择Which girl will be in the meeting? Which hat is Lily’s?
what 什么通常指物，一般用在未
指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What is it in the teacher’s room?
［即学即练］
1. —is your favorite sportsman?
—Liu Xiang.
A. How
B. When
C. Who
D. Which
2. —Could you tell us to do next?
—Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.
A. what
B. when
C. why
D. how
（答题时间：40分钟）
I. 用适当的代词填空。

1. 用适当的人称代词填空。

Lily: Jim, could help , please?
Jim:What’s wr ong with ?
Lily:think my model ship is broken.
Jim: Let see.
Lily: Can mend ?
Jim: Sorry. You can ask Tom for help.
2. 用适当的物主代词填空。

Linlin: Whose is this sweater? It looks like , Meimei.
Meimei: No, it isn’t. I think it’s Mary’s. Mary can’t find sweater.
3. 用适当的不定代词填空。

⑴—Who’s in the classroom?
— . All the students are on the playground.
⑵I don’t know about the accident. I have to do with it.
4. 用适当的指示代词、反身代词或疑问代词填空。

⑴—Is Mrs Brown speaking?
—Yes. Who’s ?
—is Mary. May I speak to John?
⑵—teaches you French?
—We teach .
II. 单项选择
﹡1. Please come in and make at home, boys!
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. yours
2. —My pen is lost and I can’t find it anywhere.
—So you will have to buy .
A. it
B. few
C. one
D. any
3. When you see Tom and his sister, tell that mother is waiting for them at the gate.
A. his; his
B. her; hers
C. them; their
D. his; her
﹡4. —Did Lily make the cake by ?
—Yes, she did.
A. yourself
B. herself
C. myself
D. himself
5. There is milk in my glass. Could you get some for me?
A. many
B. little
C. few
D. a few
﹡6. —Who knocked at the door?
—I’ve no idea. I didn’t ask who was.
A. he
B. that
C. she
D. it
﹡7. —How many more oranges can I have?
—You can have one more. are for Tom.
A. The others
B. Another
C. Others
D. None
8. Be quiet! I have to tell you.
A. important anything
B. anything important
C. important something
D. something important
9. —school is much larger than .
—I don’t think so.
A. Your; our
B. Your; ours
C. Yours; ours
D. Yours; our
﹡10. The price of a cup of coffee is higher than of a glass of tea.
A. it
B. those
C. one
D. that
11. —Do you like Lucy’s new skirt?
—Yes, very much. I’ll ask Mum to buy for me.
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
﹡12. We find impossible to get there before 8 o’clock.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. her
13. —Were your parents at home last night?
—No. We went to Grandma’s birthday party.
A. both
B. all
C. neither
D. none
14. is here. Let’s begin our meeting.
A. Everybody
B. Somebody
C. Anybody
D. Nobody
15. Some students are sitting in the classroom while are playing on the playground.
A. the other
B. others students
C. others
D. other of the students
16. —Have you got a ruler?
—Yes, I have . I bought yesterday.
A. one; it
B. it; one
C. it; it
D. one; one
17. Would you like cup of tea, please?
A. some
B. any
C. another
D. some more
18. do you like best, pork, chicken or beef?
A. What
B. Which
C. Who
D. Whose
﹡19. The old man has friends. So he often feels lonely.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
20. There is a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know it is?
A. what
B. who
C. whose
D. whom
I. 1. you; me; you; I; me; you; it
2. yours; mine; her
3. ⑴Nobody; ⑵anything; nothing
4. ⑴that; that; This ⑵Who; ourselves
II. 1-5 CCCBB 6-10 DADBD 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 ACBAC
解析：
1. 句意：孩子们，请进，请随便。

make oneself at home意思是：（如同在家一般）随便些，
不必客气。

4. 句意：是Lily自己做的蛋糕吗？是的。

by oneself意思是：依靠某人自己。

6. 句意：谁敲门呀？我不知道。

我没问是谁。

对只闻其声、不见其人的人用代词it。

7. the others 表示剩余的全部。

10. 在含有比较级的句子中，that代替单数名词或不可数名词。

12. it 作形式宾语，后面的动词不定式是真正的宾语。

19. 句意：那个老人没有什么朋友。

所以他经常感到孤独。

few用来修饰可数名词，表示
否定的概念。