American Economy

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american economy review格式

american economy review格式American Economy ReviewIntroduction:The American economy plays a critical role not only in the United States but also in the global market. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the American economy, focusing on its trends, challenges, and future prospects.I. Overview of the American EconomyThe American economy is the largest in the world and exhibits resilience despite periodic economic downturns. Its key features include a highly diverse labor force, advanced technology, and a strong entrepreneurship culture. The country boasts a mixed economic system, where both private and government sectors play significant roles.II. Current Economic Trends1. GDP Growth: Over the past decade, the American economy has experienced moderate GDP growth. However, the global pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020 significantly impacted the economic growth, resulting in a contraction of GDP. The subsequent recovery has shown promising signs, with a projected GDP growth rate of 6.5 in 2021.2. Unemployment Rate: Prior to the pandemic, theAmerican economy had notably low unemployment rates. However, the outbreak led to a surge in job losses, raising the unemployment rate to unprecedented levels. Post-pandemic recovery efforts and vaccination campaigns have aided in reducing the unemployment rate, which is expected to decline steadily in the coming years.3. Inflation: Inflation has been relatively stable in recent years, with an average annual rate of approximately 2. However, the pandemic-induced disruptions in supply chains and increased government spending have raised concerns about potential inflationary pressures.III. Key Challenges Facing the American Economy1. Income Inequality: The American economy grapples with a widening income gap. Despite overall economic growth, a significant portion of the population experiences stagnant wage growth and limited upward mobility. Addressing income inequality has become a critical challenge for policymakers.2. Fiscal Deficit: The United States has been grappling witha consistent fiscal deficit, fueled by increased government spending and tax policies. While deficit spending can boost economic growth in the short term, it raises concerns about the long-term impact on the national debt and economicsustainability.3. Automation and Job Displacement: Advancements in technology, such as automation and artificial intelligence, pose a threat to job security for many workers. The American economy must adapt by upskilling and investing in new sectors to minimize the impact of job displacement.IV. Future Prospects and Policy Recommendations1. Infrastructure Investment: The American economy can benefit from substantial investments in infrastructure projects. This would not only create jobs but also enhance productivity and improve the country's global competitiveness.2. Renewable Energy Transition: Transitioning to renewable energy sources can lead to job creation, reduce carbon emissions, and enhance energy security. Policymakers should prioritize policies and incentives that support and accelerate the renewable energy transition.3. Education and Workforce Development: Investing in education and workforce development programs is crucial to equip American workers with the skills needed for the jobs of the future. Promoting STEM education, vocational training, and apprenticeship programs can ensure a skilled workforce and enhance economic growth.4. Addressing Income Inequality: Policies such as increasing the minimum wage, expanding access to affordable housing, and improving social safety nets can contribute to reducing income inequality and promoting economic stability.Conclusion: The American economy faces both opportunities and challenges as it strives to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and ensure long-term sustainable growth. By addressing income inequality, addressing fiscal deficits, adapting to technological advancements, and implementing strategic policies, the United States can navigate a path towards a resilient and prosperous economy.。

American_economy美国经济

ture
• Agriculture provides the sustenance that meets people’s most basic needs.
American Agriculture
1. The importance of agriculture and the extolling ( 赞美 ) comments to American farmers 1) agriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic life, accounting for a larger portion of the U.S.A's GNP 2. United States agriculture dominated by family farms accounted for 87% of the total number of farms, farms accounted for 10% of partnership, corporate farms in 3%
Problems
• While the high productivity of American agriculture has kept food prices low for consumers, farmers have been perhaps too successful. Crop surpluses and low prices have made it too hard for many farmers to make a profit. • A period of economic difficulty began in the early 1980s. Agricultural exports declined, partly due to the high value of the United States dollar (which raised the cost of American products to foreign buyers). Crops prices fell and interest rates rose.

Economy of the United States美国经济

Economy of the United StatesPresemt EconomyThe United States of America is the world's largest national economy. The United States has a mixed economy and has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment. The US has abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. The U.S. is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas. It is the second-largest trading nation in the world as well as the world's second largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output. The United States has one of the world's largest and most influential financial markets. The New York Stock Exchange is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization. The United States has the largest consumer market in the world, with a household final consumption expenditure five times larger than Japan's. The labor market has attracted immigrants from all over the world and its net migration rate is among the highest in the world. The U.S. is one of the top-performing economies in studies such as the Ease of Doing Business Index, the Global Competitiveness Report, and others. The US economy is currently embroiled in the economic downturn which followed the financial crisis of 2007–08, with output still below potential according to the Congressional Budget Office.The Development of American EconomyColonial eraThe economic history of the United States has its roots in European settlements in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The American colonies went from marginally successful colonial economies to a small, independent farming economy, which in 1776 became the United States of America. In 180 years, the US grew to a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that made up around one fifth of the world economy. As a result, the US GDP per capita converged on and eventually surpassed that of the U.K., as well as other nations that it previously trailed economically. The economy maintained high wages, attracting immigrants by the millions from all over the world.1800sIn the 19th century, recessions frequently coincided with financial crises.1900sThe United States has been the world's largest national economy since at least the 1920s.From the New Deal era that began in 1933, to the Great Society initiatives of the 1960s, national policy makers relied principally on fiscal policy to influence theeconomy. The economy since 1973, however, has been characterized by both slower growth (averaging 2.7%), and nearly stagnant living standards, with household incomes increasing by 10%, or only 0.3% annually. The worst recession in recent decades, in terms of lost output, occurred during the financial crisis of 2007–08, when GDP fell by 5.0% from the spring of 2008 to the spring of 2009. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was popular in the U.S. to believe that Japan's economy would surpass that of the U.S., but this did not happen. The North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, created one of the largest trade blocs in the world in 1994.2000sThe United States economy experienced a crisis in 2008 led by a derivatives market and subprime mortgage crisis, and a declining dollar value.Business cultureA central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sector by allowing the private sector to make the majority of economic decisions in determining the direction and scale of what the U.S. economy produces. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government involvement,as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.From its emergence as an independent nation, the United States has encouraged science and innovation. As a result, the United States has been the birthplace of 161 of Britannica's 321 Great Inventions, including items such as the airplane, internet, microchip, laser, cellphone, refrigerator, email, microwave, personal computer, LCD and LED technology, air conditioning, assembly line, supermarket, bar code, electric motor, ATM, and many more.参考资料：可可英语，谷歌，维基百科。

美国经济大萧条英文

美国经济大萧条英文The Great Depression: A Dark Period in American Economic HistoryIntroduction:The Great Depression was one of the most devastating economic crises in American history. It occurred during the 1930s and had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans. This article will explore the causes, consequences, and the government's response to the Great Depression.Causes of the Great Depression:1. Stock Market Crash: The stock market crash of 1929 is often cited as the trigger for the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, stock prices plummeted, leading to a collapse in confidence among investors. This event marked the beginning of the economic downturn.2. Overproduction and Underconsumption: The 1920s saw an era of excess, with rapid industrialization and mass production of goods. However, many ordinary Americans did not have the purchasing power to keep up with the pace, resulting in a surplus of goods and a decline in demand.3. Credit Expansion and Speculation: During the 1920s, there was a rapid expansion of credit, enabling people to borrow more money. This encouraged speculation, particularly in the stock market and real estate. When the market crashed, many people were left with substantial debts and no means to repay them.Consequences of the Great Depression:1. Massive Unemployment: As businesses went bankrupt and factories shut down, millions of Americans lost their jobs. Unemployment rates skyrocketed, reaching nearly 25% at the height of the depression. Many families faced severe poverty and struggled to provide for their basic needs.2. Bank Failures: The economic downturn took a toll on the banking sector as well. Lack of confidence led to a wave of bank runs, where panicked customers withdrew their deposits. Consequently, many banks failed, wiping out the savings of countless individuals and exacerbating the economic crisis.3. Dust Bowl: The Great Depression coincided with a severe drought in the Midwest known as the Dust Bowl. Widespread soil erosion and dust storms destroyed crops and caused mass migration from rural farming areas to cities, adding to the already high levels of unemployment and poverty.Government Response:1. New Deal: In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of economic stimulus programs. It aimed to create jobs, provide relief to the poor, and reform the financial system. Programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Social Security Administration (SSA) were established under the New Deal.2. Bank and Financial Reforms: The government implemented measures to stabilize the financial sector and restore public confidence. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured bank deposits and prevented future bank runs.3. Regulation and Expansion of Government Power: The Great Depression prompted a significant expansion of government intervention in the economy. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to regulate the stock market, and the Federal Reserve was given greater authority to manage monetary policy to prevent future economic crises.Conclusion:The Great Depression was a period of immense hardship and suffering for the American people. It resulted from a combination of factors, including the stock market crash, overproduction, and excessive credit expansion. The consequences of the Great Depression were far-reaching, leading to high unemployment rates, bank failures, and mass poverty. However, it also sparked significant government intervention and the implementation of programs that aimed to alleviate economic distress. The lessons learned from this dark period in American economic history continue to shape economic policies today.。

美国经济未来发展趋势英语作文

美国经济未来发展趋势英语作文The future development trend of the American economy is a topic that has been widely discussed and debated by economists, policymakers, and the general public. As the world's largest economy, the United States plays a crucial role in shaping the global economic landscape. In recent years, there have been various factors and trends that have influenced the trajectory of the American economy, and it is important to examine these developments from multiple perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of the future prospects.One of the key factors that will shape the future development of the American economy is technological innovation. The United States has long been a global leader in technological advancement, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. The rapid pace of technological innovation has the potential to drive economic growth, create new industries and job opportunities, and enhance productivity. However, it also poses challenges such as job displacement due to automation and the need for workers to adapt to new skills and knowledge. As such, the American economy's ability to harness technological innovation whilemitigating its negative effects will be crucial in determining its future development.Another important aspect to consider is the impact of globalization on the American economy. The United States has been deeply integrated into the global economy, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. Globalization has brought about both opportunities and challenges for the American economy. On one hand, it has opened up new markets for American goods and services, facilitated the flow of capital and talent, and promoted economic growth. On the other hand, it has also led to increased competition from foreign firms, outsourcing of jobs, and trade imbalances. The future development of the American economy will depend on its ability to navigate the complexities of globalization and leverage its benefits while addressing its downsides.Furthermore, the demographic trends in the United States will also have a significant impact on its future economic development. The country is experiencing an aging population, with the baby boomer generation reaching retirement age and a declining birth rate. This demographic shift has far-reaching implications for the labor force, consumer demand, healthcare and social security systems, and overall economic growth. As such, the American economy will need to adapt to these demographic changes by promoting workforce participation, addressing healthcare and retirement challenges, and fostering innovation to drive productivity gains.In addition, the role of government policy in shaping the future development of the American economy cannot be overlooked. The government's decisions on fiscal policy, monetary policy, trade policy, and regulatory framework will have a profound impact on the overall economic trajectory. For instance, tax reforms, infrastructure investment, trade agreements, and measures to address income inequality will all shape the future prospects of the American economy. It is essential for policymakers to strike a balance between promoting economic growth, ensuring social equity, and maintaining financial stability to create a conducive environment for sustainable development.Moreover, the resilience and adaptability of the American business sector will play a crucial role in determining the future development trend of the economy. The United States is home to a diverse range of industries, from technology and finance to manufacturing and agriculture. The ability of American businesses to innovate, compete in the global market, and adapt to changing consumer preferences will be vital for driving economic growth and creating job opportunities. Furthermore, the entrepreneurship and small business sector will also play a significant role in fostering innovation, job creation, and economic dynamism.Lastly, the social and environmental sustainability of the American economy will be a critical factor in shaping its future development trend. As the world grapples with climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality, the American economy will need to transition towards a more sustainable and inclusive model. This will require efforts to promote clean energy, environmentalconservation, social welfare, and inclusive economic growth. The ability of the American society to address these challenges and embrace sustainable practiceswill be essential for ensuring the long-term prosperity and well-being of the economy.In conclusion, the future development trend of the American economy is influenced by a multitude of factors, including technological innovation, globalization, demographic shifts, government policy, business resilience, and social and environmental sustainability. These factors interact in complex ways to shape the trajectory of the economy, and it is important to consider them from multiple perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding. By addressing these challenges and opportunities, the United States can chart a path towards sustainable and inclusive economic development in the years to come.。

美国作文之美国经济英语作文

美国经济英语作文【篇一：英语小短文经济篇】英语小短文1经济篇背景导读美国商务部2009 年4 月29 日表示，美国第一季度gdp 季度调整后年降6.1%，经济学家预期值为下降4.6%。

美国第一季度经济下滑几乎没有改善，企业削减开支和库存，表明衰退并未如预期那样放缓。

indications that unemployment continues to rise is grim news for leaders heading to the g-20 summit（20 国集团峰会）in the united states next week. the paris-based organization for economic cooperation and development（经济合作与发展组织）reports unemployment reached its highest level among industrialized nations of 8.5 percent in july. oecd unemployment division chief stephan scarpetta says the number of jobless among the oecd’s 30 member countries is expected to climb even higher next year, to nearly 10 percent. that translates into 57 million people out of work. the united states, spain and ireland are among those countries with the fastest rising unemployment. allthree were affected by the collapse of high housing prices. the damage spread to other sectors of the economy. scarpettasays young people are among the hardest hit. in spain, for example, more than one in three young workers are unemployed.背景导读经济合作与发展组织2009 年9 月份报告说，工业化国家的失业率仍在增加，而且有可能在明年达到近10%的历史最高水平，尽管不断有报道说，很多工业化国家正在走出几十年来最严重的经济危机。

Unit5 American Economy

American EconomyWhen we first talked about America economy, most of us have a general overview that the United States enjoys one of the most developed economies for the reason that its GDP for year 2006 is over$13 trillion, the highest GDP in the world,surpassing countries like Japan, Germany and UK.The US also enjoys a high import and export volume.One of the factors that greatly contributes to this is the size of the country itself. Also the US economy is the largest trade partner of many countries,such as Mexico, Canada, Japan and many others.The modern American economy traces its roots to the quest of European settlers for economic gain in the 16th,17th and 18th centuries.The New World then progressed from a marginally successful colonial economy to a small,independent farming economy and,eventually,to a high complex industrial economy.During this evolution,the United States developed ever more complex institutions to match its growth.And government involvement in the economy has been a consistent theme,the extent of that involvement generally has increased.The New Nations EconomyThe U.S Constitution,adopted in 1787 and in effect to this day,was in many ways a work of creative genius.As an economic charter,it established that the entire nation-stretching then from Marine to Georgia,from the Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi Valley-was a unified,or “common”,market.There were to be no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.The Constitution provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the stated,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post offices and road,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of “intellectual property”,a matter that would assume great importance in trade negotiations in the late 20th century.Industrial GrowthThe Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries,and it quickly spread to the United States.By 1860,when Abraham Lincoln was elected president,16percent of the U.S population lived in urban areas,and a third of nation’s income came from manufacturing.Urbanized industry was limited primarily to the Northeast;cotton cloth production was the leading industry,with the manufacture of shoes,woolen clothing,and machinery also expanding.Many new workers were immigrants.Between 1845 and 1855,some 300,000 European immigrants and arrived annually.Most were poor and remained in eastern cities,often at ports of arrival.The rapid economic development following the Civil War laid the groundwork for the modern U.S industrial economy.Government InvolvementIn the early years of American history,most political leaders were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector,expect in the area of transportation.In the general,the accepted the concept of lasses-fair,a doctrine opposing government interference in the economy except to maintain law and order.This attitude started to change during the letter part of the 19th century,when small business,farm and labor movements began asking the government tointercede on their behalf.Government involvement in the economy increased most significantly during the New Deal of the 1930s.The 1929 stock market crash had initiated the most serious economic dislocation in the nation’s history,the Great Depression(1929-1940).President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched the New Deal to alleviate the emergency.The Postwar Economy:1945-1960Many Americans feared that the end of World War II and the subsequent drop in military spending might bring back the hard times of the Great Depression.But instead,pent-up consumer demand fueled exceptionally strong economic growth in the postwar period.The Economy in 1980sThe nation endured a deep recession throughout 1982.Business bankruptcies rose 50 percent over the pervious year.Farmers were especially hard hit,as agricultural exports declined,crop prices fell,and interest rater rose.But while the medicine of a sharp slowdown was hard to swallow,it did break the destructive cycle in which the economy had been caught.By 1983,inflation had eased,the economy had rebounded,and the United States began a substantial period of economic growth.The annual inflation rate remained under 5 percent throughout most of the 1980s and into the 1990s.Still,Americans ended the 1990s with a restored sense of confidence.By the end of the 1999,the economy had grown continuously since March 1991,the longest peacetime economic expansion. The United States entered the 21st century with an economy that was bigger,and by many measures more successful,than ever.Not only had it endured two world wars and a global depression in the first half of the 20th century,but it had surmounted challenges ranging from a 40-year Cold War with the Soviet Union to extended bouts of sharp inflation,high employment,and enormous government budget deficits in the second half of the century .The nation finally enjoyed a period of economic calm in the 1990s:prices were stable,unemployment dropped to its lowest level in almost 30 years,the government posted a budget surplus,and the stock market experienced an unprecedented.The economy also faced some continuing long-term challenges.Although many Americans had achieved economic security and some had accumulated great wealth,significant numbers-especially unmarried mothers and their children-continued to live in poverty.Disparities in wealth,while not as great as in some other countries,were larger than in many.Substantial numbers of Americans locked health insurance.The aging of the large post-World War II baby-room generation promised to tax the nation’s pension and health-care systems early in dislocation along with many advantages.In particular,traditional manufacturing industries had suffered setbacks,and the nation had a large and seemingly irreversible deficit in its trade with other countries.Throughout the continuing upheaval,the nation has adhered to some bedrock principles in its approach to economic affairs.Most important is,the United States remains a “market economy”.Americans continue to believe that an economy generally operates best when decisions about what to produce and what prices to charge for goods are made through the given-and-take of millions of independent buyers and sellers,not by government or by powerful private interests.How the U.S economy worksBasic Ingredients of the U.S EconomyThe first ingredients of a nation’s economic system is its natural resources.The United States is rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil,and it is blessed with a moderate climate.It also has extensive coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,as well as on the Gulf of Mexico.Rivers flow from far within the continent,and the Great Lakes-five large,inland lakes along the U.S border with Canada-provide additional shipping access.This extensive waterways have helped shape the country’s economic growth over the years and helped bind America’s 50 individual states together in a single economic unit.The second ingredient is labor,which converts natural resources into goods.The number of available workers and,more importantly,their productivity help determine the health of an economy.Throughout its history,the United States has experienced steady growth in the labor force,and that,in turn ,has helped fuel almost constant economic expansion.Until shortly after World War I,most workers were immigrants from Europe,their immediate descendants,or African Americans whose ancestors were brought to the Americas as slaves.In the early years of the 20th century,large numbers of Asians immigrated to the United States,while many Latin American immigrants came in later years.A Mired Economy:The Role of the MarketThe United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles.Indeed,some of the most enduring debates of American economic history focus on the relating roles of the public and private sectors.The American free enterprise system emphasizes private ownership.Private businesses produce most goods and services,and almost two-thirds of the nation’s total economic output goes to individuals for personal use(the remaining one –third is bought by government and business).The consumer role is so great,in fact ,that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “consumer economy”.The structure of the economy comprises private-owned business, state-owned business, non-profit organizations and so on.Structure of the employees: self-employed (75%); government workers (21%); employees of nonprofit organizations (4%)The US position in the world has been described as “Superpower” in world affairs paired with it dominant position of the dollar “Bretton Woods System”, a monetary management which established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world’ major industrial states in the mid 20th century.it was held in 1945 at B r e t t o n W o o d s i n N e w H a m p s h i r e a n da t t e n d e db y45c o u n t r i e s.I t h a s a h i s t o r i c s i g n i f i c a n c e o f e s t a b l i s h i n g f o r m a l l y t h ed o m i n a n tp o s i t i o n o f t h e d o l l a r i n t h e B r e t t o n W o o d s y s t e m.T h e c o n f e r e n c e a l s o s e t u p t h e I M F(I n t e r n a t i o n a l M o n e t a r y F u n d),t h e W o r l d B a n k,a n d G A T T(t h e G e n e r a l A g r e e m e n t o n T a r i f f s a n d T r a d e),l a t e r k n o w n a s W T O,i t i s a w o r l d t r a d i n g s y s t e m.T h e c h i e f f e a t u r e s o f t h e B r e t t o n W o o d s s y s t e m i s t h a t i t b u i l t a n o b l i g a t i o n f o r e a c h c o u n t r y t o a d o p t a m o n e t a r y p o l i c y t h a t m a i n t a i n e d t h e e x c h a n g e r a t e o f i t s c u r r e n c y w i t h i n a f i x e d v a l u e—p l u s o r m i n u s o n e p e r c e n t—i n t e r m s o f g o l da n d t h e ab i l i t y o f t h e I M F t o b r i d g e t e m p o r a r y i m b a l a nc e s o f p a y m e n t s.T h e d e c l i n e o f t h e B r e t t o n W o o d s s y s t e m:i n t h e f a c e o f i n c r e a s i n g f i n a n c i a l s t r a i n,t h e s y s t e m c o l l a p s e d i n1971,a f t e r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s u n i l a t e r a l l y t e r m i n a t e d c o n v e r t i b i l i t y o f t h e d o l l a r s t og o l d.T h i s a c t i o n c a u s e d c o n s i d e r a b l e f i n a n c i a l s t r e s s i n t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y a n d c r e a t e d t h e u n i q u es i t u a t i o n w h e r e b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s d o l l a r b e c a m e t h e"r e s e r v e c u r r e n c y"f o r t h e s t a t e s w h i c h h a d s i g n e d t h e a g r e e m e n t.General feature of US economy are that i n f l a t i o n;A g e n e r a l r i s e i n t h e p r i c e s o f g o o d s a ds e r v i c e s;a r e d u c t i o n o f m o n e y v a l u e a n d t h e r e a l p u r c h a s i n g p o w e r;d e f i c i t;A m e r i c a n e c o n o m y i s d e f i c i t f i n a n c i n g.R e a s o n s:a.I t i s i m p o r t i n g m o r e g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s t h a n i t i s e x p o r t i n g.b.T h e U S i sd e p e n d e n t o n c a p i t a l f l o w s,w h i c h r e s u l t s i n t h e d o l l a r's s e n s i t i v i t y t o a n y c h a n g e i n t h e s e c a p i t a lf l o w s.1.$23b i l l i o n d u r i ng W WⅠ;2.$13b i l l i o n m o r e d u r i n g th e1930s;3.$200bi l l i o n m o r ed u r i n g W WⅡ;4.B y1998t he g r o s sf e d e r a l d e b t h a s r e a c h e d$2t r i l l i o n;5.i n t e r e s t o n t h e f e d e r a l d e b t i s o v e r$150b i l l i o n a y e a r.I n d u s t r i e s1.M a n u f a c t u r i n gT h e U S m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y i s t h e l a r g e s t i n t h e w o r l d,a l m o s t3t i m e s t h e s i z e o f J a p a n.1.o n e q u a r t e r o f i t s G N P2.o n e q u a r t e r o f i t s n a t i o n a l i n c o m e3.o v e r1/5o f t h e U S w o r k f o r c e2.H i g h T e c h n o l o g y1.o n e o f t h e w o r l d l e a d e r s i n t h e h i g h t e c h n o l o g y,i n t h e a r e a s o f t e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n,e l e c t r o n i c s,c o m p u t e r c h i p r e s e a r c h a nd m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d s o f t w a re d e v e l o p m e n t.2.U S i s t h e w o r l d m a j o r p r o d u c e r o f h i g h-s p e e d c o m p u t e r s,s u c h a s A p p l e C o m p u t e r C o r p o r a t i o n;I n t e r n a t i o n a l B u s i n e s s M a c h i n e s(I B M)3.H e a v y I n d u s t r yH e a v y i n d u s t r y a r o u n d t h e G r e a t L a k e s d e p e n d s h e a v i l y u p o n3r e s o u r c e s.1.i r o n o r e f r o m t h e L a k e S u p e r i o r2.c o a l s u p p l y f r o m A p p a l a c h i a M o u n t a i n s(w e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a a n d w e s t V i r g i n i a)3.c h e a p w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o v i d e d b y t h e G r e a t L a k e s a n d r i v e r s.T h e y c o n s t i t u t e t h e b a s e f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f i n d u s t r y i n t h e r e g i o n.4.A v i a t i o n1.U S h a s t h e l a r g e s t a v i a t i o n i n d u s t r y i n t h e w o r l d.2.M a j o r a i r c r a f t c o m p a n i e s:B o e i n g,M c D o n a l d D o u g l a s(i n S e a t t l e,W a s h i n g t o n S t a t e)3.S p a c e s h u t t l e s s t i l l l e a d t h e w o r l d’s s p a c e n a v i g a t i o n s.(i n H o u s t o n,T e x a s)5.C a r I n d u s t r y1.“B i g T h r e e”m o t o r v e h i c l e c o m p a n i e s“F o r d”“G e n e r a l M o t o r s(G M)”a n d“C h r y s l e r”(i n D e t r o i t,M i c h i g a n)F e a t u r e s:l a r g e,s p a c i o u s a n d h i g h-p o w e r e d;h e a v y f u e l c o n s u m i n g a n d c o s t l y t h e i n f l u x o f J a p a n e s e c a r sa n d s p a r e p a r t s i s t h e m a i n c a u s e o f A m e r i c a’s$60b i l l i o n t r a d e d e f ic i t w i t h J a p a n.6.D i s t r i b u t i o n o f I n d u s t r i e s1.N o r t h e a s t e r n A m e r i c a,t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t i n d u s t r i a l r e g i o n.N e w E n g l a n d a n d G r e a t L a k e s2.T h e S o u t h w a s t r a d i t i o n a l l y a n a g r i c u l t u r a l r e g i o n b e c a u s e o f i t s f a v o r a b l e c l i m a t e f o r c r o p s.T h e S o u t h d e v e l o p e d i t s o i l-r e f i n i n g a n d P e t r o-c h e m i c a l i n d u s t r y.M e a n w h i l e t h e t e x t i l e i n d u s t r y a n d h e a v y i n d u s t r y a l s o d e v e l o p e d.A g r i c u l t u r e1.I n t r o d u c t i o nO n e o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t e n t e r p r i s e s o f t h e U.S.e n j o y i n g a n e x t o l l e d v i r t u e s o f t h e h a r d y,s e l f-s u f f i c i e n t f a r m e r s a n d m o s t w o r t h y o f e m u l a t i o n b y t h e p e o p l e a s a w h o l e.T h o m a s J e f f e r s o n’s w o r d s:“C u l t i v a t o r s o f t h e e a r t h a r e t h e m o s t v a l u a b l e c i t i z e n s…a n d t h e y a r e t i e d t o t h e i rc o u n t r y a nd we d d e d t o i t s i n t e r e s t b y t h e m o s t l a s t i n g b o n d s.”D e p e n d e n t o n t h e w h i m s o fw e a t h e r a n d t h e m a r k e t p l a c e a n d o n t h e n a t u r e o f g o v e r n m e n t p o l i c y.O n e t h i r d o f A m e r i c a na g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t s e x p o r t t o E u r o p e,A s i a,A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a,l e a v i n g a s u r p l u s i n t h ea g r i c u l t u r a lb a l a nc e o f t r ad e.F a v o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n s1.V a s t n e s s o f t h e n a t i o n;2.G e n e r o s i t y o f n a t u r e:I r r i g a t i o n:a b u n d a n t r a i n f a l l,r i v e r s,a n d u n d e r g r o u n d w a t e r3.M e c h a n i z a t i o n:E f f e c t i v e u s e o f m a c h i n e s,f e r t i l i z e r s a n d c h e m i c a l s;h i g h l y m e c h a n i z e d a n dp r o d u c t i v e.4.L a r g e-s c a l e n a t u r e o f a g r i c u l t u r a l e n t e r p r i s e:a g r i b u s i n e s s f a r m e r c o o p e r a t i v e s;r u r a l b a n k s;s h i p p e r s o f f a r m p r o d u c t s;c o m m o d i t y d e a l e r s;f a r m-e q u i p m e n t m a n u f a c t u r e r s;f o o d-p r o c e s s i ng i n d u s t r i e s;g r o c e r y ch ai n s a n d e t c.D i s t r i b u t i o n1.20%o f t h e l a n d a r e a o f t h e U S i s f a r m i n g l a n d2.M i d w e s t(t h e G r e a t P l a i n s):w h e a t,c o r n a n d s o y b e a n s3.S o u t h e r n s t a t e s f o r c o t t o n,t o b a c c o,a n d r i c e.4.P a c i f i c c o a s t f o r f r u i t s,v e g e t a b l e s a n d w h e a t.A g r i c u l t u r a l P r o b l e m s1.O v e r p r o d u c t i o n:c r o p s u r p l u s2.T h i n p r o f i t:l o w p r i c e s;h i g h c o s t(m a c h i n e s,f e r t i l i z e r s,p e s t i c i d e s,i n t e r e s t r a t e a n d e t c)3.I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m p e t i t i o n4.M i g r a n t w o r k e r s p r o b l e m s:p o o r h o u s i n g,i n a d e q u a t e h e a l t h c a r e,l o w w a g e s.。

Changes in the American Economy

Deindustrialization

During the 1970's, the oil crisis and the falling productivity of the US manufacturing sector sped the decline of several industries, including steel, automobiles, and electronics. The industrial production index measures the total output of US factories. A decline in production indicates slow economic growth.
The Oil Crisis Begins

On October 6, 1973, the Yom Kippur War began when Egypt and Syria attacked Israel from two sides. The US airlifted supplies to Israel, prompting OPEC to levy an oil embargo against Israel's allies that lasted until March 18, 1974.
Coping with the Energy Crisappealed to the nation to make sacrifices in the name of conserving energy. He warned that the country was "heading toward the most acute shortages of energy since World War II.” The President asked Americans to reduce air travel, reduce work and school hours, turn down thermostats by 6 degrees, and reduce highway speed limits to conserve energy.

Chapter Ⅳ The development of American Economy

Because of the favorable natural condition and productive American farmers, less than 2% of the total population who are engaged in the farming make it possible for the U.S.A. to become one of the the biggest agricultural country.
Recent Development
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 GDP实际长率单： GDP实增年（位 %）同比环比
19 81 19 6 83 19 6 85 -6 19 87 19 6 89 19 6 91 19 6 93 19 6 95 19 6 97 19 6 99 20 6 01 20 6 03 -6 20 05 20 6 07 20 6 09 -6
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Scientific methods
American technology Agriculture
machines
American Industry
AMERICAN INDUSTRY
• Rank the first three in the world: raw steel, automobiles, radios and TV sets, etc. • One the eve of World War I, the U.S.A. was responsible for one-third of the world industrial production. • Major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, paper and pulp, telecommunication equipment, textiles etc. • Third Technology Revolution originated from the U.S.A. • Unclear energy industry, electronics and aircraft. • The American South---major industries---textile, iron, and steel industry, oil refining, fishing, lumbering, etc. • California---famous for its foodprocessing, investment making, petroleum refining, lumbering, shipbuilding and the manufacture of airplanes. • Big corporations are the most easily recognizable and highly publicized feature of American economy.

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY
Marketing Era Mid-1900 to1990’s
Focus of the market becomes the consumer Need satisfaction Branding Franchising Abundance of products and choices
Child Labor Caveat Emptor Trusts, Monopoly's, Price Fixing Predatory Pricing Entrepreneurs Grew into Enormous Monopolies Andrew Carnegie Vanderbilt Biltmore Estate J.P. Morgan Rockefeller John D Rockefeller and Standard Oil. The nightmare begins...
HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY
Entrepreneurship Era Late 1800’s
Risk Takers in a Laissez Faire Environment Railroads Drove the Economy Little or no government controls allowed
Manufactured items
Financing
Hard Currency – no local currency
Subsistence based economy
HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY
Industrial Revolution Mid-1700 to mid-1800

《英语国家概况》Unit 5 American Economy课件

E.g. Three dollars are necessary today to buy what two dollars bought yesterday.
American Economy General Survey
Deficit
American economy is deficit financing. 1. $23 billion during WWⅠ 2. $13 billion more during the 1930s 3. $200 billion more during WWⅡ 4. By 1998 the gross federal debt has reached $ 2 trillion 5. Interest on the federal debt is over $ 150 billion a year.
1. Manufacturing 2. High Technology 3. Heavy Industry 4. Aviation 5. Car Industry
American Economy Industries ------Sectors
Manufacturing
The US manufacturing industry is the largest in the world, almost 3 times the size of Japan.
3. The conference also set up the IMF (International Monetary Fund), the World Bank, and GATT( the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), later known as WTO, it is a world trading system.

英语六级作文长难句结构分析经典100句

1. The American economic system is. organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spendingtheir money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupledwith the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximizetheir incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲望和个人想化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this willtend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price andpermit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

英语国家概况：TheU.S.Economy美国经济

英语国家概况：The U.S.Economy美国经济下⾯是店铺整理的英语国家概况：The U.S. Economy美国经济，欢迎⼤家阅读! The U.S. Economy 1)Factors that contribute to the fast growth ofthe economy: ①the geographical location of the United Statespovides very good conditions for the country to growand become strong. ②the United States has been blessed by being a landrich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil,together with a moderate climate. ③America has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labour necessary for aconstantly expanding economy. ④the quality of available labour. The United States has a skilful and willing labour force. 经济快速增长的⼏个因素： 1.美国的地理位置为国家的发展壮⼤提供了良好的条件; 2.美国有幸是⼀块矿产资源丰富、⼟壤肥沃的陆地，⽓候温和; 3.拥有⾜够的劳动⼒以满⾜不断发展的经济增长; 4.这些劳动⼒的质量。

美国拥有技术⾼和能动性好的劳动⼒⼤军。

2)Characteristics of the U.S. economy: characterised by a high degree of monopoly. 经济特征：已⾼度垄断为特点。

american economic review体例

american economic review体例
《美国经济评论》（American Economic Review）是一本著名的经济学学术期刊，其体例主要包括以下几个方面：
- 文章结构：遵循引言、方法、结果、讨论和结论的标准学术论文结构。

- 语言风格：使用规范、准确的经济学专业术语和表述，避免使用模糊不清或含混的语言。

- 图表使用：合理运用表格和图表来呈现数据和结果，使文章更具可读性和说服力。

- 引用文献：遵循学术规范，正确引用参考文献，标明引用来源，体现对前人研究的尊重和借鉴。

遵循《美国经济评论》的体例可以帮助作者提高论文的质量和影响力，使其更符合学术规范和期刊的要求。

american economy review格式 -回复

american economy review格式-回复[美国经济回顾格式] ——美国经济在过去几十年的发展和展望引言：美国经济一直被认为是全球最重要和最有影响力的经济体之一。

本文将回顾美国经济在过去几十年的发展，并展望未来。

我们将从经济增长、就业状况、货币政策、贸易和全球化等方面进行逐步探讨。

1. 经济增长：美国经济在过去几十年一直呈现出稳定而持续的增长趋势。

自上世纪50年代以来，美国国内生产总值（GDP）每年都在增长，尽管增速有波动。

其中一些因素包括技术进步、创新、投资和开放市场等。

然而，全球金融危机对美国经济造成了严重冲击。

尽管如此，美国政府和私营部门的刺激措施以及其他措施帮助经济复苏，并迅速从危机中走出。

2. 就业状况：在过去几十年，美国的就业市场也经历了明显的变化。

技术进步和全球化导致一些传统行业的萧条，但也创造了新的就业机会。

尽管如此，就业市场不断出现周期性的波动，受到国内和国际因素的影响。

美国政府通过采取措施鼓励创新、提供培训以及加强教育系统的投资来应对这些挑战，以促进更具包容性的就业增长。

3. 货币政策：美国货币政策在过去几十年中也发生了一些重要变化。

美联储作为美国的中央银行，根据经济状况制定货币政策。

在通货膨胀率和利率方面，美联储采取了一些紧缩和扩张政策，以影响经济的增长和稳定。

近年来，美联储采取了一系列非常规措施，如量化宽松政策，以应对金融危机的影响，并帮助经济迅速复苏。

然而，这些政策也引发了一些对通胀和金融稳定的担忧。

4. 贸易和全球化：美国经济与全球经济紧密相连。

过去几十年，美国积极推动全球化和贸易自由化，成为全球最大的贸易国之一。

然而，这也带来了一些挑战，如贸易逆差和工作岗位流失。

在过去几年中，特朗普政府采取了一系列保护主义政策，试图解决这些问题。

然而，这些政策也引发了一些贸易争端和不确定性。

结论：美国经济在过去几十年中取得了显著的进展，但也面临一些挑战。

未来，我们可以期待经济将继续增长，但可能会面临一些周期性波动和结构性调整。

american economy review格式 -回复

american economy review格式-回复[美国经济回顾格式]I. 引言A. 引入话题：介绍美国经济在过去一段时间的发展情况B. 目的和结构：明确文章的目的和结构，概述将在本文中讨论的内容II. 美国经济的整体表现A. 国内生产总值（GDP）：讨论过去几年美国GDP的增长情况，以及与其他国家的比较B. 失业率：分析近期美国的失业率变化，并探讨其中的原因C. 通货膨胀：研究通胀变化对美国经济的影响，并探讨政府和央行的应对措施III. 美国经济的细分领域A. 房地产市场：评估美国房地产市场的现状和未来走向B. 金融行业：研究金融行业的发展，包括股市表现和银行业的稳定性C. 科技行业：探讨科技行业对美国经济的贡献，以及创新与竞争力的关系IV. 美国经济政策和国际关系A. 贸易政策：讨论美国与其他国家之间的贸易战对美国经济的影响B. 税收政策：评估近期改革的税收政策对经济增长和收入分配的影响C. 国际经济关系：讨论美国与其他国家的经济合作和竞争，以及全球经济治理的挑战V. 美国经济的前景展望A. 基于目前的趋势和政策，展望美国经济的未来发展B. 短期和长期挑战：讨论美国经济面临的短期和长期挑战，并提出可能的解决方案C. 潜在潜力：探讨美国在创新、科技、绿色经济等方面的潜力和发展机会VI. 总结A. 对美国经济回顾进行总结和归纳B. 对未来美国经济的展望，并提供一些建议和启示以上是一篇关于美国经济回顾的文章的基本结构和大纲。

在每个主要部分中，你可以利用相关数据、引用专家观点和政府报告等，来支持文章的论点。

同时，在写作过程中，请确保逻辑清晰，句子通顺，并在需要的地方使用恰当的过渡词或短语，以使整篇文章更加连贯和易读。

最后，在文章的最后，可以对整个经济回顾进行总结，并提供一些建议和启示，以激发读者的思考和未来的探讨。

美国经济体制美国经济制度

美国经济体制美国经济制度经济体系编辑美国的经济体系兼有资本主义和混合经济的特征。

在这个体系内，企业和私营机构做美国经济主要的微观经济决策，政府在国内经济生活中的角色较为次要;然而，各级政府的总和却占GDP的36%;在发达国家中，美国的社会福利网相对较小，政府对商业的管制也低于其他发达国家。

在全国各地区，经济活动重心不一。

例如：纽约市是金融、出版、广播和广告等行业的中心;洛杉矶是电影和电视节目制作中心;旧金山湾区和太平洋沿岸西北地区是技术开发中心;中西部是制造业和重工业中心，底特律是著名的汽车城，芝加哥是该地区的金融和商业中心;东南部以医药研究、旅游业和建材业为主要产业，并且由于其薪资成本低于其他地区，因此持续的吸引制造业的投资。

[1]经济历史编辑前殖民时期欧洲人来到美洲之前，当地土著居民与外界鲜有贸易来往。

以伊洛魁人为例，他们的经济以狩猎采集和农业为基矗而在欧洲人来到美洲后，当地土著居民保有的经济体制从此被殖民者带来的欧洲货品，火器，皮草贸易以及后来的战争，疾病，原著民土地的流失等深远的改变了。

公元1492年,克里斯托弗·哥伦布在西班牙皇室的赞助下启航寻找通往亚洲的新航道，却意外的发现了―新大陆‖。

随后的一百年中，英国，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国和荷兰等国的探险家们先后来到新世界寻找财富荣耀，和推广宗教。

不过北美的荒地起初未曾给这些探险家们很多黄金和荣耀，于是他们中许多人陆续的退出了这一事业。

而北美真正意义上最初建立殖民地的一批人在随后来漂洋过海来到新大陆。

公元1607年，一小股英国殖民者在现弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯镇建立了英国在北美最初的永久性聚居地。

殖民地时期美国独立战争时期的漫画，显示美国正在锯掉一头牛的角(象征同英国商业关系的断裂) ，一个苦恼的英国人正在观看，其他的欧洲列强等着去挤奶。

这幅漫画代表了美国在独立战争时期的经济状态。

早期的移民者有许多不同的原因来到美国。

马萨诸塞州的清教徒想在新英格兰创建一个纯洁的宗教。