研究生实用英语期末考试说明

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研究生英语期末考试(学霸笔记版)

espresso
n. 用蒸汽加压煮出的浓咖啡
inspire
v.激发,启示
探索的魔力会激励我们的年轻人去学习数学、科学以及工程学，并为我们培养出新一代的改革者和开拓者。
foray
v. 冒险的尝试,涉足…,突袭
一回到英国，他就利用媒体的高知名度，作为进入政坛的踏板。
brew
v.酿酒,冲泡
k
v.抗拒,抵抗,美元
All in all
总而言之,头等重要的事
At the rate of
以…速度/比例
未来是这样一件东西，每个人都以每小时六十分钟的速度朝它走去，不管他做什么，也不管他是谁。
Drop out
退出,退学,脱离
The Marathon runners raced ahead in the early stages of the race but he had overplayed his hand and had todrop outexhausted with only three miles to go.
Grid
n.电网
Murky
adj.黑暗的，朦胧的，阴郁的
Murky=gloomy
Innovative
adj.革新的，创新的
Malicious
adj.蓄意的，恶毒的
Malicious=hostile
chimera
n.嵌合体，虚构的怪物
Imminent
adj.即将到来的，迫近的
Imminent=impending
dedicated
adj.专注的,献身的
Dedicated=devoted
encompass
v. 包含,环绕,完成
Encompass=include

华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译C

Unit 17:<Clearing customs>了解传统I‟m the overseas representative for a firm which manufactures cosmetics and perfumes. I‟m going to France and Spain to see if I can introduce my company‟s products into these markets. Do you have any advice for businessmen and women visiting these countries?我是一家化妆品和香水公司的海外代表。

我要去法国和西班牙，看看我是否能把我公司的产品引入这些市场。

你对商人和妇女访问这些国家有什么建议呢？My husband‟s firm has suggested that I accompany him on a tour of Korea, China and Japan next autumn. I‟m told that wives are not usually invited to take part in the many social activities which a business trip like this usually involves. Is this true? I don‟t want to spend my time sitting in a hotel room. And if I do go, what advice do you have about protocol for both me and my husband.我丈夫的公司已经建议我陪他于明年秋季去韩国，中国和日本旅行。

我被告知，类似这样的商务旅行所包含的种种社交活动一般是不邀请家眷的。

实用英语3 期末考试复习大纲

1. 复习范围以课本第1--6单元passage A, B课文中的某些句子（已用页码和行数标示）和课后习题为主。

但不同程度地对原文原题进行了加工处理。

不可机械照搬照写。

2. 与书本有关的分值多达55分。

3. 题型有听力15分，词汇与结构40分，阅读理解20分，英汉互译25分，没有作文。

4. 翻译试题除了选自课后翻译题外，还包括课文中的句子。

均进行了编辑合成处理，要灵活答题。

11-12-1 10级实用英语期末考试复习大纲注意：本大纲可作为部分复习参考资料，不涵盖所有备考内容。

请同学们认真复习1-6单元课后的词汇和翻译习题，真正理解和运用。

Part 1 vocabulary & structureabuse: child abuse drug abuseimpose: The government is going to impose heavier taxes on the rich.dispose:He was forced to dispose of his art treasures oppose: We opposed the plansuppose: We are supposed to have a meeting at 8 o’clock. expose: Don’t expose yourself to the sun too much in summer. be exposed to…relieve/relief: This medicine can help relieve the pain. sufficient=enoughdefend one’s title/honor: try to win again:She’s going to defend her Wimbledon title later this month.accessible: Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to childrensucceed in doing sth. succeed sb/sth.=replace sb./sth.approve /disapprove of: My parents disapproved of my marriage.withdraw interviewconsiderable: They have given the plan considerable attentionconsiderateprofound : I give you my profound thanks for saving my life.He has a profound knowledge of mathematics. deserve humble:He deserves all the praises that people give him, but he is still very humble.quit: stop doingmotivesinteraction—reaction—transactionrescuerroutineencourage sb. to do… discourage sb. from doing sth…drop out dropoutfrom a … standpoint/point of view/viewpointhave a…impact/influence on…due to=owing towreckage/debrisbe scheduled: Our meeting is scheduled at 8 o’clock. postpone=delay cancelconventional=traditionalsurvive (in)concern—concerning—concerned:I am concerned about you.I will give a talk concerning air pollution miserable origininherit: He intended that his son should inherit his business survey: Half of those surveyed said that they supported the Labour Party.in any case—in case;Traffic may be bad, but in any case we will be there in time for the dinner.Take an umbrella in case it rains.celebritysustain: We don’t have enough money to sustain our campaign for long.retain: We shall retain our right.obtain=get, acquireby accident= by chancesignal—sight—sigh—signcoincidence—collision in collision with dangle urge—emerge—usher obstacles toaccuse sb ofhave prejudice against: He has prejudice against women.in case—so that—now thatextinguish: Water extinguished the fire.distinguish: Can you distinguish the twins apart?Let’s welcome our distinguished guest.extinct; Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. distinct; totally differentbe bound fordistributecontributeattribute: He attributed his success to working hard. suggest/require/propose等动词后的宾语从句中运用虚拟语气的格式but for=without: I would not have succeeded but for your help.due to=thanks to = owing to…分词的独立主格结构P 76 课文line4-5 P77 line 44-45Part IV Translation (英汉互译)P105 15(2) + P105 15(5) P100 8(1)+ P120 7(5) P16 8(5)+ P66 15(30)P13 line 41-43 P117 line 43-47This agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade.Talks between the two countries completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in.How can we find proper way to steer disabled people toward success?Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the country’s economic crisis.Students should check carefully that they are eligible to join this club before making their decision, as each of them is restricted to only one choice.We should help students adopt a positive attitude towards life.P 13 Line41-43为了实现这个目标，学校将针对知识环境何整个社会反展的需要，为员工提供进行创新研究所需的设施何支持；提倡既富革新精神又严格认真的教学，使教学与研究环境卓有成效地互动从而推动教学。

湖南大学研究生基础英语期末考试资料整理

考试范围：1.完形2篇课后、课外各一篇每篇10分共20分2.阅读理解四篇（课外）40 分3.汉译英5*24.英译汉课后练习一个段落，课文中一个段落5*25.写作（summary）20分三、汉译英Unit11.当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊。

T oday’s students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2.一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。

所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。

A man cannot find his value without finding a center beyond him. So the idealistic undergraduate experience must help students transcend himself.3.我们强烈的希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。

We eagerly hope that the lessons learned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4.四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。

It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success life.5.在对一个关键的问题作出结论，如果只相信专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。

研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案

(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。

正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。

这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。

然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。

所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。

英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。

s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。

中北大学研究生英语期末考试1

翻译(1)科学科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。

要了解科学在解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真正含义是什么。

Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires and understanding of what science really is.科学一词来自拉丁语Scire,它的意思是“知道”。

所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。

但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。

这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。

我们要了解的艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度的分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。

The word science comes to us from a latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know; the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know are more or less separate funds of information. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.科学也称为自然科学，以区别于其他知识门类。

四川理工学院研究生英语精读期末考试English-Review

I Have a DreamTranslation：Washington may not have changed a vote today, but it is a little more conscious tonight of the necessity of being ready for freedom. It may not "look to it" at once, since it is looking to so many things, but it will be a long time before it forgets the melodious and melancholy voice of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., crying out his dreams to the multitude.华盛顿政府的立场也许至今仍未有丝毫改变，但是今晚它已多少意识到为争取自由做好一切准备工作的必要性。

它也许没有立即对此“ 拭目以待”，因为它专注的事情太多了，但是它将久久不会忘记牧师小马丁·路德·金博士用悦耳、忧郁的声音，向民众呐喊出他的梦想。

Answer Question3.Dr. King's speech at the rally made the audience realize the significance of their long journey.4. The Negro leaders demanded equality "now", and they really meant all men should be treated equal.5. This demonstration impressed political Washington because it had the force of numbers; it represented people from all walks of life; it could call upon the Founding Fathers for help to criticize the evils of modern American life.6.This demonstration was significant because it helped the Negro drive against discrimination.7.Dr. King believed that the Kennedy program on civil rights would fail unless both Republican and Democratic Politicians supported it.Writing：Racial ProblemsDespite the defeat of Nazis in 1945, racism continues to haunt the world today. Men are denied employment, housing and educational opportunities because of their skin color；some rich countries still have racial immigration laws to keep out immigrants from poorer and hungrier lands；political leaders are imprisoned for life for demanding that all races should have the same political rights.The most striking instance of racism in the world today is that of the system of Apartheid in South Africa, where white people carry through racial segregation to their own advantage and to the disadvantage of the black and colored populations. The result of racial discrimination has been a severe and continuing racial tension in the United States. Since the civil rights demonstrations, ghetto riots and other unrest in the 1960’s,racial conflicts have been a persistent social problem to American society.Although there is unmistakable evidence of some initial success in the fight against racial discrimination, racial relations between white and colored people still leave much to be desired.This Was My MotherAnswer Question7. What is the author's attitude towards his mother?He respects and takes pride in his mother.8.What kind of tone does the author take in describing his mother?Objective and respectful.A Red Light for ScofflawsWriting;To Solve the Problem of Traffic SafetyEvery year, tens of thousands of people are killed on the road. Although the percentage of accidents is not as large as that in some other countries, people fear that with the increasing number of vehicles coming on to the roads each year the total number of accidents will also continue to grow.One of the measures is to improve the existing roads and build new ones. However, the standards of road safety will not be improved by this only. What is more important is the attitude of the road users toward traffic safety. That is why the Government devotes time and resources to producing propaganda in support of the “safety first” campaign.Motorists and cyclists are two important factors. Nowadays, cyclists, who usually disregard traffic regulations, run rampant in big cities. Only by observing the traffic rules to the full can we keep the accident rate down. In short, for the happiness of yourself and others, please pay more attention to traffic regulations.Active and Passive EuthanasiaAnswer QuestionThe distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear. In the former case，some direct action is taken (for example，lethal injection is given) to help finishing the patient’s unbea rable pain for good, while in the latter, no direct action is taken, merely letting the patient die.Evolution and Natural SelectionTranslation：[9]The supporters of pure Darwinism came to regard the minute variations as enough to explain natural selection and natural selection enough to explain evolution. But animal breeders and horticulturists knew that sudden large mutations occur, especially after crossing, and that new varieties might be established at once. Then in 1900 forgotten work by Mendel①was rediscovered and a new chapter opened.纯粹达尔文主义的维护者逐渐认为，微小变异足以解释自然选择，而自然选择也可以充分解释进化的原因。

深圳大学研究生2012基础英语期末考试样卷及说明

Shenzhen UniversityGraduate English Examination(基础综合英语期末考试时间为2小时30分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (35 points)(说明: 听力共考四篇, 前三篇内容出自听力题库每部分一篇, 第四篇是题库之外的VOA 慢速)Section A 每题1分Directions: In this section you will hear a passage twice. During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage.During the second reading, you should fill in the blanks with the exactwords you hear to make the sentences complete. Be sure to write youranswers on the Answer Sheet.American Mosaic has been broadcasting a series of reports for foreign students who want to attend college in the United States. This is the _____1_____ program in this series.We hope these reports helped students think about their _____2_____ and provided ways to reach them.We explained the kinds of colleges and universities in the United States, how to get information about them and how to ____3______ for admission. We discussed admissions tests and how to prepare for them. We reported about the high cost of attending an American university and told about possible places to seek __________4 __________. We talked about the legal documents that are needed before a student can travel to the United States to attend college. We also discussed the ____5______ of using the computer to take classes at an American college without leaving home.In other programs, we told about some American colleges that are not so well known. Landmark College, for example, teaches students with __________6 __________. Johnson and Wales University offers __________7 __________. We also provided information about _____8_____ colleges and the Masters of Business Administration degree.We would like to thank everyone who wrote to us asking questions that were used in this series. They helped us explain subjects we had not considered. For example, we explained about the need for student __________9 __________. We discussed dormitory life. And we told the difference between an American college and a university.All these reports can be found on the computer by going to the Special English web site. The address is _____10_______. We hope you will continue to listen to American Mosaic for reports about American life and other information about American colleges. In about two years, we will broadcast this series again to provide new information. By then, another group of students will be looking for information about attending college in the United States.Section B 每题1.5分Directions: In this section you will hear a passage twice. Then you should give brief answers to the questions printed on the examination paper. Be sure to write your answers on the Answer sheet.11. Where did most people live fifty years ago and how many people live in citiesnow?12. Why do many experts worry about the process of urbanization?13. What report did the environmental research group release last week?14. What are unplanned settlements?15. According to Molly O’Meara Sheehan, what should policymakers do?16. Why did Freetown, Sierra Leone establish farming within city limits?17. Why is the bus system created by engineers in Bogota successful?18. What are the reasons forcing people to move out of rural areas?19. What are the two issues that have existed side by side according toOlav Kjorven?20．略Section C 每题1分Directions: In this section you will hear two passages. Each passage will be read twice. After each passage there will be some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet.Questions for passage one of section C21．Who agrees that foods from healthy cloned animals are safe?A．U.S. Center for Food SafetyB．A news conferenceC．U.S. Agriculture DepartmentD．B ruce Knight22．According to the FDA assessment, meat and milk from cattle, swine and goat clones _________________________.A. are different from traditionally-bred animalsB. are as safe as food from traditionally-bred animalsC.pose safety concernD.are better than ordinary animals23．Which of the following is true about meat or milk from cloned sheep?A. The FDA has proved the safety of products from cloned sheep.B. Meat and milk from cloned sheep are harmful.C. The FDA is not sure if meat or milk from cloned sheep is safe.D. There are not enough cloned sheep for research.24．According to the FDA, labeling is only required ____________________.A. for products that pose a safety threatB. when people want to know what they are buyingC. for the cloned animal productsD. for meat and milk from cloned sheep25. According to the center for Food Safety, ________________________.A. the FDA should apologize for having made the announcementB. the FDA’s risk assessment relies on complete and correct researchC. the FDA’s risk assessment was based on studies that are supplied bycloning companies.D. the FDA did an adequate job before making the announcement Questions for passage two of section C26. Which of the following factors doesn’t top the lis t of heart attack risks?A. bad habitsB. fatty diets C . stress D. smoking27. Most of what we know about the causes of heart disease comes fromstudies among people ___________________________.A.in developing countries, mainly old aged white men.B.in western countries, mainly middle aged white women.C.in western countries, mainly middle aged white men.D.in industrial nations, mainly old aged white men28. _______________ account for 90 percent of heart attacks internationally.A. No simply measured risk factorsB. The same factorsC. Three risk factorsD. Nine simply measured risk factors29. Dr. Anand says ______________ is responsible for __________ of heart attacks.A. weight gain ……one fifthB. emotional stress …… one fifthC. smoking …… one fourt hD. high blood pressure …… one sixth30. What is Dr. Anand’s description of the relationship between stress andhaving heart attack?A.DependentB.AdverseC.IndependentD.UnpredictablePart II Reading Comprehension (20 points)(说明: 阅读内容均为课本之外的文章)Directions: There are Three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C or D. Decide on the best choice，and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One[1] Rubbish may be universal, but it is little studied and poorly understood. Nobody knows how much of it the world generates or what it does with it. In many rich countries, and most poor ones, only the patchiest of records are kept. That may be understandable: by definition, waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes much interest in.[2] Ignorance spawns scares, such as the fuss surrounding New York’s infamous garbage barge, which in 1987 sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load, giving many Americans the false impression that their country’s landfills had run out of space. It also makes it hard to draw up sensible policies: just think of the endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planet—or an expensive waste of time.[3] Rubbish can cause all sorts of problems. It often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. It is the source of almost 4% of the world’s greenhouse gases, mostly in the form of methane from rotting food—and that does not include all the methane generated by animal slurry and other farm waste. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.[4] Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste, according to CyclOpe, a French research institute. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So, waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.[5] Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a future in which things like household rubbish and pig slurry will provide the fuel for cars and homes, doing away with the need for dirty fossil fuels. Others imagine a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled. As Bruce Parker, the head of the National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA), an American industry group, puts it, “Why fish bodies out of the river when you can stop them jumping off the bridge?”[6] Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. Entrepreneurs were queuing up to scour rubbish for anything that could be recycled. There was even talk of mining old landfills to extract steel and aluminium cans. And waste that could not be recycled should at least be used to generate energy, the evangelists argued. A brave new wasteless world seemed nigh.[7] But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.[8] Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.[9] That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax aboutothers. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense butbe cause the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive. Britain, meanwhile, has started taxing landfills so heavily that local officials, desperate to find an alternative, are investing in all manner of unproven waste-processing technologies.[10] As for recycling, it is useless to urge people to salvage stuff for which there are no buyers. If firms are passing up easy opportunities to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by re-using waste, then governments have set the price of emissions too low. They would do better to deal with that problem directly than to try to regulate away the repercussions. At the very least, governments should make sure there are markets for the materials they want collected. (844 words)31. Which of the following is True according to the first two paragraphs?A.The author thinks it is a good idea to dump the garbage in the Atlantic.B.The United States’ landfills have already run out of space.C.People are scared of not knowing where to dump the garbage.D.What the New York garbage barge did in 1987 is notorious.32.Almost 4% of the world’s greenhouse gases comes from ___________.a)animal slurryb)farm wastec)municipal wasted)industrial waste33.We can infer from paragraph [4] that _______________________.a)collecting and treating rubbish stimulates a country’s economyb)the higher the rate of urbanization, the less waste the country producesc)the poorer a country is, the more rubbish it producesd)China, India and Brazil will probably spend more money disposing of their municipalwaste34.According to paragraphs [5] and [6], ___________________________.a)Bruce Parker thinks that waste should be routinely recycledb) a large amount of steel and aluminium cans have been extracted from old landfillsc)we no longer need dirty fossil fuels to provide fuel for cars and homesd)waste is a potential natural resource35.The word “plummeting” in paragraph [7] most probably means ______________.a)disappointingb)dropping downc)rocketingd)unexpectedPassage TwoThere were strangers on our beach yesterday, for the first time in a month. A new footprint on our sand is nearly as rare as in Robinson Crusoe. We are at the very edge of the Atlantic; half a mile out in front of us is a coral reef （珊瑚礁）, and then nothing but 3000 miles of ocean to West Africa. It is a wild and lonely beach, with the same surf beating on it as when Columbus came by. And yet the beach is polluted.Oil tankers over the horizon have fouled it more than legions of picnickers could. The oil comes ashore in floating patches that stain the coral black and gray. It has blighted the rock crabs and the crayfish and has coated the delicate whorls of the conch shells with black goo（黏质物质）. And it has congealed（凝结）upon itself, littering the beach with globes of tar that resemble the cannonballs of a deserted battlefield. The islanders, as they go beachcombing for the treasures the sea has washed up for centuries, now wear old shoes to protect their feet from the oil that washes up too.You have to try to get away from pollution to realize how bad it really is. We have known for the last few years how bad our cities are. Now there is no longer an escape. If there is oil on this island far out in the Atlantic, there is oil on nearly every other island.It is still early here. The air is still clear over the island, but it won’t be when they build the airstrip they are talking about. The water out over the reef is still blue and green, but it is dirtier than it was a few years ago. And if the land is not despoiled, it is only because there are not yet enough people here to despoil it. There will be. And so for the moment on this island we are witnesses to the beginning, as it were, of the pollution of our environment.Until the pollution of our deserted beach, it seemed simple to blame everything on the “population explosion.”If the population of this island, for example, could be stabilized at a couple of hundred, there would be very little problem with the environment in this secluded（与世隔绝的）area. There would be no pollution of the environment if there were not too many people using it, and so if we concentrate on winning the war against overpopulation, we can save the earth for mankind.But the oil on the beach belies this too-easy assumption. Those tankers are not out there because too many Chinese and Indians are being born every minute. They are not even out there because there are too many Americans and Europeans. They are delivering their oil, and cleaning their tanks at see and sending the residue up onto the beaches of the Atlantic and Pacific, in order to fuel the technology of mankind --- and the factories and the power plants, the vehicles and the engines that have enabled mankind to survive on his planet are now spoiling the planet for life.The fishermen on this island are perfectly right in preferring the outboard motor to the sail. Their livelihood is involved, and the motor, for all its fouling smell, has helped increase the fisherman’s catch so that he can now afford to dispense with the far more obnoxious（讨厌的）outdoor privy. But the danger of technology is in its escalation, and there has already been a small amount of escalation here. You can see the motor oil slicks around the town dock. Electric generators can be heard over the sound of the surf. And while there are only about two dozen automobiles for the ten miles of road, already there is a wrecked jeep rusting in the harbor waters where is was dumped and abandoned. The escalation of technological pollution is coming here just as surely as it came to the mainland cities that are now shrouded（笼罩）by fly ash.If the oil is killing the life along the coral heads, what must it not be doing to thephytoplankton（浮游植物群落）at sea which provide 70% of the oxygen we breathe? The lesson of our fouled beach is that we may not even have realized how late it is already. Mankind, because of his technology, may require far more space per person on this globe than we had ever thought, but it is more than a matter of a certain number of square yards per person. There is instead a delicate balance of nature in which many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are needed to sustain only a relatively few human beings. We may find, as soon as the end of this century, that the final despoliation of our environment has been signaled not by starvation but by people choking to death. The technology --- the machine --- will then indeed have had its ultimate, mindless, all-unintended triumph over man, by destroying the atmosphere he lives in just as surely as you can pinch off a diver’s breathing tube.Sitting on a lonely but spoiled beach, it is hard to imagine but possible to believe.36. Which of the following is the best summary of this essay?A.Pollution has reached even the remotest areas of the globe and will only worsen.B.The solution to pollution problems lies in controlling population growth.C.Outboard motors are the major culprits（元凶）in the pollution of our ocean.D.We can solve pollution problems only when we stop all oil production.37. Before the pollution on the beach, the main environmental problems of the island were beingcaused by __________.A.overpopulationB. factoriesC. wood stovesD. commercial fishing38. The word “despoliation” as used here means _____________.A.destructionB. definitionC. desperationD. destination39. The pollution in our oceans may be causing phytoplankton to _________.A.increase to a dangerous levelB. be eaten by fish in place of their usual foodC. gradually be destroyedD. poison important species of fish40. The tone expressed throughout this essay is one of ________.A.panic and confusionB. gloom and despairC. enthusiasm and hopeD. humor and lightheartednessPassage Three(略)Passage Four(略)Part III Translation (25 points)(说明: 英译汉全部出自本学期所讲单元2至7单元Lesson B中的TextA和Text B共12篇文章。

华中科技大学研究生实用英语期末考试口语资料.doc

Class 9Topic 1 HealthSub-topic 1What important factors contribute to or influence peopled health nowadays?Sub-topic 2What do you think of the health situation of todays Chinese university students?What are the main problems of their physical health?Sub-topic 3What are the main mental and psychological problems of current Chinese university students? How to cope with them?Sub-topic 4What are the main threats to people's health in modern society? How to cope with the problem?Topic 2 Traffic and TransportationSub・topic 1What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?■High traffic volume: more cars on the road■Inadequate and incompetent road designs■Lagging infrastructures■lack of meaningful driver education and testing and a system of traffic enforcement■To many bad and dangerous drivers: not skillful enough, irresponsible,Sub-topic 2What can we do to avoid the traffic accidents? And what is the best way?On part of the pedestrians■Walking along a sidewalk and never on the roadside■Crossing with the signal in a crosswalk■If no sidewalk, a pedestrian walking along on the extreme left side of the roadway;■If on highway, walk on the shoulder of the highway■Don^t drive impaired■Yield anyway; exercise prudent courtesy■Use seat-belt and other safety devices■Do not run red■Drive attentively and predictably: connect your mind to your eyes■Never cross the double yellow linesBest way■Education for Drivers9 self-discipline , education for pedestriansself-protection ■Strict and effective official monitoring and management■ Strict rule implementation and severe punishmentSub-topic 3What do you think of the public transportation in Wuhan or on our campus?Topic 3 Job and CareerSub-topic 1What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?Sub-topic 2What factors will you take into consideration when you9re looking for a job in the job market?As a fresh graduate looking for my first job, I may wonder what kind of job available on the market is the most suitable for me. Maybe four important elements I will take i nto consideration are interest, salary, location and working condition.Firstly, I think personal interest is quite essential when deciding which job to accept. I fl am doing a job that I like, work itself can give me a feeling of satisfaction, and my career can also be a lot of fun. Interest is the best guide and the source of the success.I would be motivated to work hard if I really love this job.Secondly, salary counts for a lot when I choose my future caree匚My ultimate goal wh en making a choice is to find something that will make me happy. But to a certain exte nt, my happiness will probably be influenced by my income. A good salary with some variables is necessary to me.The third element I care about is which city the company locates in .There is no doubt that big cities like Beijing, Guangzhou or shanghai will provide more opportunities. Therefore a majority of graduates prefer working in those places to returning to their h ometown. However, I think a place close to my hometown will be better for me to tak e care of my old mother and father. So I hope where I go to work is not far away from my native place. Finally, working condition equally affects much when I hunt for a job. As for me, it wiII be better to work in a company which can provide some holiday every year so that I can travel to anywhere I like. It is also of importance to work with a group of people who are friendly, energetic and well-united.In a word, the ideal job for me is what combines four factors togethe匚But when I hav e to make a choice, I would choose the one which near my family since “ East or wes t, home is best・(金窝,银窝，不如自己的草窝)Sub-topic 3How to have a successful job interview?Topic 4 Interpersonal relationshipSub-topic 1What is important in ensuring good human relationships?Sub-topic 2What is real friendship? Please use some concrete example(s) to illustrate your opinion. Sub-topic 3Has the Internet brought people closer?Quick and swift Cheap and convenient Able to contact with people from every corn erof the world Able to get the latest news More reliable and less biasedAlienating people • People don^t visit each other often • Addiction to the internet ga mes • Cyber love is unreliableWe may have many friends on line, but have only met a few of them in person. We mayhave joine d many online communities, but are just interested in a few of them. We"meet n our friends online every day, but talk with just a few of them. Social networkingservices bring us together, but do n ot necessary ensure close friendship. The servicesappeal to our socializing instincts, but may ruin our ability to communicatSub-topic 4Do you like living with roommates? What are the advantages and disadvantages living with roommates? Are you satisfied with the dormitory interpersonal relationship now?Topic 5 TravelingSub-topic 1:What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?Sub・topic 2:Where do you dream to go to? Why?Sub-topic 3:Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?An experience of learning: Travelling as an experience of learning may enrich ourlife ,inspire our desires of learning and access us to the culture and value differences.An attitude towards life: Travelling may bridge us to a positive attitude towards life, i ncluding how to achieve healthy life, how to be more agreeable among friends and ho w to face with and dump the exhaustions in daily life.An exploration of the unknown: Travelling as an approach to exploration of the unkno wn may challenge our courage and help us build up strong wills, help us develop new ways of thinking and recover the confidence and dependence.Topic 6 Love and MarriageSub-topic 1What，s your opinion on love on campus or love at the first sight?Sub-topic 2What characteristics are so important in the opposite sex that may attract you?Love Appearance Figure/build Job Economic conditions Personality Family background Education Hobbies Age Kind/friendly Honest Humorous Agreeable Outgoing Responsible Capable Optimistic Considerate Good at cooking Men are valued for status & money Women are valued for good looks, child rearing & homemaking skillsSub-topic 3Are house and car necessary for marriage? Will you get married without them? Why or why not?Sub-topic 4Why people get married? What are important for a happy marriage?Topic 8 Success and HappinessSubtopic 1What is success? Does success means happiness?Subtopic 2How to succeed? Are people with higher degree easier to succeed? What kind of people is easy to succeed?Subtopic 3What is happiness? Are you happy now? Why or why not? More money more happiness?Topic 10 Past and FutureSubtopic 1What is the thing you cherish most in the past? Why?Subtopic 2What are your ambitions and what do you expect most from life in the future? Subtopic 3 Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, 3-D printing?Subtopic 4What will be the main problems of the future? Can scientific development solve these problems?。

中山大学研究生英语期末考试复习提纲Unit 1-2.

Review of Units 1 - 21. ambiguousToday’s students have ambiguous feelings about their role in the world.[obscure]Ambiguity n.2. pursuit追赶, 追捕----工作; 消遣; 嗜好---事务, 职业, 研究They are devoting their energies to what seems most real to them: the pursuit of security, the accumulation of material goods.Games like chess are rather intellectual pursuits.Pursue n.3. integrityIs it too much to expect that, even in this hard-edged, competitive age, a college graduate will live with integrity, civility—even compassion?He is a man of the highest integrity.正直; 诚实, 诚恳business integrity 商业信誉integral构成整体所必需的;完整的, 整体的; 综合的4. admitadmit to sth: 承认, 供认; 许可进入E.g. He admitted to the murder.The vice president admitted to taking bribes.admit of:容许, 有... 的可能, 有... 的余地E.g. The regulations do not admit of our doing that. 按照规定我们不能这样做。

安大研究生英语口语期末考试

My Green LifeWe all know that humans are damaging the environment, but what can we do about it? Some people are trying to do their bit to try to be more environmentally friendly.Some people encourage certain aspects of green living, such as recycling paper, tin, plastic and glass. They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites.Another way of enjoy you green life is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones. For example, we can use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries instead of plastic carrier bags, or use washable nappies instead of disposables.You can make …green‟ choices when buying food too. It‟s best to buy food which was locally grown or produced so that it hasn‟t been imported by air, or transported lo ng distances by road.Online FriendshipsShould students make friends on line ？Some people say yes. The internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies .Others，however，think students should not. They say making friends on line is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides，some students get cheated on line .It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things. As for friendship，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us .So making friends face to face is a good choice, which is much better than making friends with the unknown..And Friends, in general understanding, can be described as one main factor that constitutes happiness in our life. Owing to the development of technology, ways to make friends are widened. But this newly born method is still in dispute. As cheating and crime exist in the unreal Internet world, some people think it‟s unwise to make friends online. But as I see, it is wise. The reasons are as follows: Therefore, making friends online doubtlessly can be made use of, as an important and efficient way, to achieve that due to its own features. Through it, we can make friends with people who have different cultural background and personal opinions, which will surely widen our eyes and makes us become more knowledgeable.Connecting with people especially from English-speaking countries through Internet can also improve our English level. Making friends online will be more comfortable for you to express your inner sentiment and finish off the dilemma in the end. Finally, in the real world, entertaining friends at dinner or sending gifts to them is inevitable, but things are totally different in the unreal world that you needn‟t pay anything to your online friends. Not only can it save money, but also energy. To sum up, it is wise to make friends online. Since Internet world is founded on the real world, loathly things such as crime surely exist and maybe even more rampant. So while enjoying making friends online, you should be on guard against danger.Characteristic’s of a Good LeaderEver wondered about the most essential quality of an effective leader? According to me, since leaders are playing such an important role in every aspect of our society, including politics, business and so forth, they need myriad qualities to gain success. It is hard to say which one is more important. On the other hand, consistence to certain principles and objectives do have advantages, including help the leaders realize their policies and hang on ideals, but such concerns should be carefully taken or certain risks of democracy, development and awareness will be caused.Being committed to particular principles and objectives can help a leader make his leadership unique and defined. In many fields, leaders often take a lot time to accomplish their missions of directing the enterprises. If their ideas shift easily from time to time, their followers will feel confused and cannot concentrate their power.Nevertheless, only upholding principles and objectives cannot help a leader gain his success, because such principles and objectives should be carefully chosen and realized by the leader's abilities at other aspects.Firstly, leaders need levelheaded thoughts on the complicated social issues that they are facing. When given a situation, leaders may want to realize their principles and objectives by dealing with it. But sometimes this is very hard.Secondly, leaders are required for high moral and ethic standards, which ask themto take their possible outcomes of principles and objectives they commit to into consideration. In my opinion, popular opinions have often given their reasons of existence, or they cannot be accepted by public.To sum up, leaders are asked for many qualities besides their consistence committed to particular principles and objectives and such principles and objectives should be careful taken after considering about the society's material situation. As long as the leaders in every field keep an open mind to popular opinions, and as long as they think comprehensively on the reasons and reality, they will certainly lead us to a better future.Ways to Maintain Good Relationships Between…life and workSome people regard work as the goal of life and spare no pains to pursue a fulfilling career. Others regard work as a means to achieve the value of life，emphasizing the meaning and significance of life itself. I think work is just a part of one‟s life. To work means to live，and to live must involves work.First，when one works，he also lives. There is not a period of time when one is only working but not living. Therefore when one works hard and feels happy about his achievements，he is also living fruitfully. There is no need to say that he just “lives to work”。

内师大研研究生英语期末考试复习资料—英语2（unit4）

内师大研研究生英语期末考试复习资料—英语2（unit4）新视角研究生英语复习资料Unit 4Unit 4一、VocabularyPart A1. Our company is one of the leading manufacturers of commercial and institutional kitchen equipment, such as ovens, freezers, refrigerators, blenders, etc.2. An annual increase of 1.3% in food production is necessary at the present time to feed the burgeoning hum an population, assuming present diets remain invariant.3. You can envision the joy of your beloved ones when they receive the DVD shows made by your own hands as a special gift.4. This book depicts the cultural history of race and the complicated relationship between marginal and mainstream culture in early twentieth-century America.5. These sorts of jobs are available between late May and late August and often encompass a wide range of work.6. There is currently a trend for companies to outsource much of their IT to third-parties, in some cases to overseas third-parties.7. In ancient China, women would compete to show off their prowess in needlecraft on Qixi, the most important way of celebrating the festival.8. Morgan shunned publicity of any kind, and never permitted signs bearing her name at construction sites.9. Immigrants need time to overcome difficulties when they are assimilating into new cultures.10. Electronics chain stores are sometimes willing to forgo profits for a period of time in order to gain market share.Part B1. leaders are those courageous individuals who throughout history have refused to accept the status quo.A. ScornfulB. VisionaryC. ImpersonalD. Respectful2. The thick soap won’t foam properly, so it is necessary and economical to ____ it with water.A. pierceB. dipC. diluteD. balance3. I’ve been on suspension for over 2 weeks because I stood up to a rude, ____ boss.A. arrogantB. disloyalC. corporateD. uncommitted4. The successful candidates are all creative in solving problems and ______ at learning new technologies and skills.A. capableB. marginalC. adequateD. adept5. She ________ as she talked about the messy young boys who had drunk up all her milk and eaten up all her chocolates.A. bristledB. disdainedC. downsizedD. shunned6. Not only does he have one of those distinctive radio voices that sets him apart, he also brings a fun and a slightly ________ attitude to his show.A. irrelevantB. irreverentC. burgeoningD. mentoring7. ________ assets comprise items such as land, buildings, plants, machinery, fixtures and fittings, IT equipment and vehicles.A. DiverseB. MassiveC. ClassicalD. Tangible8. These few old-style wooden shops are soon to be demolished. With them will go the last ________ of the town’s original look.A. prowessB. monikerC. vestigeD. portfolio9. Our way to stay ahead of the competition is by continually creating ________ products and services while building new value in existing product lines.A. unmanageableB. deliverableC. innovativeD. institutional10. He always smiled and never had a negative comment about anyone or a _________ remark about any situation.A. cynicalB. skepticalC. hierarchicalD. prototypical二、CloseThe 51 million members of Generation X, born between 1965 and 1976, grew up in a very different world than 1) previous g enerations. Divorce and working moms 2) created“latchkey” kids out of many in this generation. This led to 3) traits of independence, resilience (弹性) and adaptability.At the same time, this generation expects immediate and ongoing feedback, and is equally comfortable 4) giving feedback to others. Other traits 5) include working well in multicultural settings, desire for some fun in the workplace and a pragmatic (重实效的) approach 6) to getting things done.Generation X saw their parents get laid off or 7) fase job insecurity. Many of them also entered the workplace in the early ’80s, 8) when the economy was in a downturn. Because of thes e factors, a Gen Xer doesn’t 9) waste time complaining if he is dissatisfied 10) with the company — he sends his resume out and accepts thebest 11) offer he can find at another organization.At the same time, Generation X takes employability 12) seriously . But for this generation there isn’t a career ladder. There’s a career lattice (格子). They can move laterally (横向的), stop and start, their career is more 13) fluid.Members of Generation X dislike authority and 14) rigid work requirements. Therefore, providing feedback on theirperformance should 15) play a big part, as should encouraging their creativity and 16) initiative to find new ways to get tasks done. As a mentor, you’ll want Gen Xers to work with you, not 17) for you. Start by informing them of your expectations and how you’ll measure their progress and 18) assure them that you’re committed to helping them learn new s kills. (Members of Generation X are eager to learn new skills because they want to 19) stay employable.) Gen Xers work best when they’re given the desired outcome and then left 20) along to figure out how to achieve it themselves. This means a mentor should guide them with feedback and suggestions, not step-by-step instructions.三、Translation1. 经过五年的实践, 他现在对同国际投资和贸易相关的法律事务已很在行了。

华科研究生实用英语期末考试说明(2022-12)

2022级研究生实用英语期末考试说明〔2022-2022学年第一学期〕1. 考试时间〔1〕口语考试时间：第16周星期二〔12月13日，11，22班〕第16周星期四〔12月15日，33，44班〕第17周星期二〔12月20日，11，22班〕第17周星期四(12月22日，33，44班〕第18周星期二〔12月27日，11, 22班〕第18周星期四〔12月29日，33, 44班〕〔2〕写作考试时间：可能18周周四(12月29日)晚，由研究生院统一安排, 请留意研究生院网页通知2. 考试形式及题型〔1〕口语考试〔总40分〕形式：每3-5个考生为一组，每组从课程口语局部的8个话题中随机抽取1个话题，10-15分钟准备，15分钟考试，其中10分钟考生就话题展开活动，形式不限，5分钟老师提问。

每个话题附有假设干子话题：每组考生可以共同选择其中某一个子话题进展交谈等〔形式不限〕，也可以分别选择不同的子话题。

列出的子话题仅供参考，考生也可以在不脱离抽到的话题的条件下自由发挥。

考前须知：* 请各组考生按任课老师安排的时间到平时上课的教室参加考试并签到。

* 考试时考生假如查看甚至照读准备的内容，不给成绩。

* 考生必须自己制作醒目的姓名卡，考试时别在衣服上，以供考官记录成绩。

〔2〕写作考试〔总30分〕：题型：信函写作10分+摘要句子排序5分+摘要汉译英15分形式：开卷时间：60分钟考前须知：* 由研究生院安排统考，详细考场安排届时见研究生院网页。

* 考试安排中会列出班号，上课的时间，教室，老师姓名等信息，各考生一定要到自己上课所在班级相应的考场参加考试并签到，否那么造成成绩缺失的，后果自负。

口语考试话题、子话题见2-12页！Class 11 TopicsTopic 1 Health and DietSub-topic 1What important factors contribute to or influence people’s health nowadays?Sub-topic 2What do you think of the health situation of today’s Chinese university students? What are the main problems of their physical and mental health?Sub-topic 3What are the main threats to people’s health in modern society? How to cope with the problem? Topic 2 Traffic and TransportationSub-topic 1What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?Sub-topic 2Should people in our country be encouraged to take public transportation or own their private cars? Why or why not?Sub-topic 3What do you think of the public transportation in Wuhan or in our school?Topic 3 Interpersonal relationshipSub-topic 1What interpersonal relationships we are facing every day in our life? What are important in ensuring good human relationships?Sub-topic 2What is real friendship? (Or How many real friends you have and why you think they are real friends with you? You can use your own experience as example)Sub-topic 3Has the Internet brought people closer or not? How do you consider net-friend?Topic 4TravelingSub-topic 1:What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?Sub-topic 2:Where do you dream to go to? Why?Sub-topic 3:Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?Topic 6 Job and CareerSub-topic 1What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?Sub-topic 2What factors will you take into consideration when you’re looking for a job in the job market?Where will you work after you graduate from school? In big cities with high salary and high house price, or smaller cities with lower salary and lower house price? Why?Topic 7 Success and HappinessSubtopic 1What is success? Does success means happiness?Subtopic 2How to succeed? Are people with higher degree easier to succeed? What kind of people is easy to succeed?Subtopic 3What is happiness? Are you happy now? Why or why not? More money more happiness?Topic 8 Past and FutureSubtopic 1What is the thing you cherish most in your childhood? Why?Subtopic 2What are your ambitions and what is your dream for the future from life (family, money, position, career...)?Subtopic 3Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, invisible cloak? Subtopic 4What will be the main problems of the future? Can scientific development solve these problems? Topic 10 Chinese and ForeignersSubtopic 1What words we can use to describe the characteristics of Chinese or China? (or American, Indian, Japanese, British people…)?Subtopic 2Do you have any plan to go abroad, either for study or for tour? If so, which country do you want to go and why? If not, why?Subtopic 3Can you mention some cultural differences or even shocks between Chinese and foreigners? Use real examples to discuss the advantages or disadvantages of them.Class 22Topic 1 Health and DietSub-topic 1What important factors contribute to or influence people’s health nowadays?What do you think of the health situation of today’s Chinese university students? What are the main problems of their physical and mental health?Sub-topic 3What are the main threats to people’s health in modern society? How to cope with the problem? Topic 2 Traffic and TransportationSub-topic 1What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?Sub-topic 2Should people in our country be encouraged to take public transportation or own their private cars? Why or why not?Sub-topic 3What do you think of the public transportation in Wuhan or in our school?Topic 3 Interpersonal relationshipSub-topic 1What interpersonal relationships we are facing every day in our life? What are important in ensuring good human relationships?Sub-topic 2What is real friendship? (Or How many real friends you have and why you think they are real friends with you? You can use your own experience as example)Sub-topic 3Has the Internet brought people closer or not? How do you consider net-friend?Topic 4TravelingSub-topic 1:What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?Sub-topic 2:Where do you dream to go to? Why?Sub-topic 3:Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?Topic 5 Love and MarriageSub-topic 1What’s your opinion on love on campus or love at the first sight?Sub-topic 2What kind of girl friend /boy friend do you want to find? (What kind of person will be your ideal Mr. / Mrs. Right) ?Sub-topic 3Are house and car necessary for marriage? Will you get married without them? Why or why not? Sub-topic 4What do you think of blind date(相亲) What will you do if your parents force you to blind date? Topic 6 Job and CareerSub-topic 1What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?Sub-topic 2What factors will you take into consideration when you’re looking for a job in the job market? Sub-topic 3Where will you work after you graduate from school? In big cities with high salary and high house price, or smaller cities with lower salary and lower house price? Why?Topic 8 Past and FutureSubtopic 1What is the thing you cherish most in your childhood? Why?Subtopic 2What are your ambitions and what is your dream for the future from life (family, money, position, career...)?Subtopic 3Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, invisible cloak? Subtopic 4What will be the main problems of the future? Can scientific development solve these problems? Topic 10 Chinese and ForeignersSubtopic 1What words we can use to describe the characteristics of Chinese or China? (or American, Indian, Japanese, British people…)?Subtopic 2Do you have any plan to go abroad, either for study or for tour? If so, which country do you want to go and why? If not, why?Subtopic 3Can you mention some cultural differences or even shocks between Chinese and foreigners? Use real examples to discuss the advantages or disadvantages of them.Class 33Topic 1 Health and DietSub-topic 1What important factors contribute to or influence people’s health nowadays?Sub-topic 2What do you think of the health situation of today’s Chinese university students? What are the main problems of their physical and mental health?Sub-topic 3What are the main threats to people’s health in modern society? How to cope with the problem? Topic 2 Traffic and TransportationSub-topic 1What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?Sub-topic 2Should people in our country be encouraged to take public transportation or own their private cars? Why or why not?Sub-topic 3What do you think of the public transportation in Wuhan or in our school?Topic 4TravelingSub-topic 1:What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?Sub-topic 2:Where do you dream to go to? Why?Sub-topic 3:Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?Topic 5 Love and MarriageSub-topic 1What’s your opinion on love on campus or love at the first sight?Sub-topic 2What kind of girl friend /boy friend do you want to find? (What kind of person will be your ideal Mr. / Mrs. Right) ?Sub-topic 3Are house and car necessary for marriage? Will you get married without them? Why or why not? Sub-topic 4What do you think of blind date(相亲) What will you do if your parents force you to blind date? Topic 6 Job and CareerSub-topic 1What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?Sub-topic 2What factors will you take into consideration when you’re looking for a job in the job market? Sub-topic 3Where will you work after you graduate from school? In big cities with high salary and high house price, or smaller cities with lower salary and lower house price? Why?Topic 7 Success and HappinessSubtopic 1What is success? Does success means happiness?Subtopic 2How to succeed? Are people with higher degree easier to succeed? What kind of people is easy to succeed?Subtopic 3What is happiness? Are you happy now? Why or why not? More money more happiness?Topic 8 Past and FutureSubtopic 1What is the thing you cherish most in your childhood? Why?Subtopic 2What are your ambitions and what is your dream for the future from life (family, money, position, career...)?Subtopic 3Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, invisible cloak? Subtopic 4What will be the main problems of the future? Can scientific development solve these problems? Topic 10 Chinese and ForeignersSubtopic 1What words we can use to describe the characteristics of Chinese or China? (or American, Indian, Japanese, British people…)?Subtopic 2Do you have any plan to go abroad, either for study or for tour? If so, which country do you want to go and why? If not, why?Subtopic 3Can you mention some cultural differences or even shocks between Chinese and foreigners? Use real examples to discuss the advantages or disadvantages of them.Class 44Topic 1 Health and DietSub-topic 1What important factors contribute to or influence people’s health nowadays?Sub-topic 2What do you think of the health situation of today’s Chinese university students? What are the main problems of their physical and mental health?Sub-topic 3What are the main threats to people’s health in modern society? How to cope with the problem?Topic 2 Traffic and TransportationSub-topic 1What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?Sub-topic 2Should people in our country be encouraged to take public transportation or own their private cars? Why or why not?Sub-topic 3What do you think of the public transportation in Wuhan or in our school?Topic 3 Interpersonal relationshipSub-topic 1What interpersonal relationships we are facing every day in our life? What are important in ensuring good human relationships?Sub-topic 2What is real friendship? (Or How many real friends you have and why you think they are real friends with you? You can use your own experience as example)Sub-topic 3Has the Internet brought people closer or not? How do you consider net-friend?Topic 4TravelingSub-topic 1:What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?Sub-topic 2:Where do you dream to go to? Why?Sub-topic 3:Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?Topic 5 Love and MarriageSub-topic 1What’s your opinion on love on campus or love at the first sight?Sub-topic 2What kind of girl friend /boy friend do you want to find? (What kind of person will be your ideal Mr. / Mrs. Right) ?Sub-topic 3Are house and car necessary for marriage? Will you get married without them? Why or why not? Sub-topic 4What do you think of blind date(相亲) What will you do if your parents force you to blind date? Topic 6 Job and CareerSub-topic 1What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?Sub-topic 2What factors will you take into consideration when you’re looking for a job in the job market?Sub-topic 3Where will you work after you graduate from school? In big cities with high salary and high house price, or smaller cities with lower salary and lower house price? Why?Topic 7 Success and HappinessSubtopic 1What is success? Does success means happiness?Subtopic 2How to succeed? Are people with higher degree easier to succeed? What kind of people is easy to succeed?Subtopic 3What is happiness? Are you happy now? Why or why not? More money more happiness?Topic 8 Past and FutureSubtopic 1What is the thing you cherish most in your childhood? Why?Subtopic 2What are your ambitions and what is your dream for the future from life (family, money, position, career...)?Subtopic 3Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, invisible cloak? Subtopic 4What will be the main problems of the future? Can scientific development solve these problems?。

大连理工研究生英语期末考试题

大连理工研究生英语期末考试题期末笔试30分复习范围一、了解三个重要的跨文化理论的提出者分别是谁。

Cross cultural Dimensions ( Hofstede`s cultural dimensions):Greet HofstedeHigh and Low Content: Edward T. HallFace Value 英国社会心理学家：Erving Goffmann二、会判断以下说法的正误：1. Studies revealed that men’s values differ less among societies than women’s values. ( F )2. Uncertainty accepting cultures try to minimize the possibility of are novel, unknown, surprising, and different situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures. ( T )3. The dimension of Individualism/Collectivism refers to the degree to whichindividuals are integrated into groups.( T )4. Power Distance Index is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. ( T )5.People have got a polychronic time system in high-context culture. So one can concentrate only on one thing during a period of time. ( F )6. In low-context cultures, the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the participants. ( T )7. FACEWORK refers only to the favorable social attributes that people want others to acknowledge.(T)8. English Romanticism begins in 1798 with the publicationof Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death. ( T )9. Virginia Woolf believes that traditional plots, direct dialogues, chronological order and geographic space are all vital to narration.(F)10. The soliloquy “To be or not to be”connects many of Hamlet’s main themes, including the idea of suicide and death, the difficulty of knowing the truth in a spiritually ambiguous universe, and the connection between thought and action.(T)三、知道以下作品的作者是谁A Tale of Two Cities Charles DickensOedipus the King 《俄狄浦斯王》索福克里斯（Sophocles）Sons and Lovers戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯(D. H. Lawrence）Mrs Dalloway Virginia WoolfLeaves of Grass Walt WhitmanThe Hours Michael CunninghamWuthering Heights 呼啸山庄Emily BronteTess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝Thomas Hardy （托马斯·哈代）The Old Man and the Sea 老人与海Ernest Hemingway （欧内斯特·海明威）The Comedy Divine Dante Alighieri The Road Not Taken 未选择的路Robert Frost（罗伯特·佛罗斯特）Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte（夏洛蒂·勃朗特）Life on the Mississippi Mark Twain（马克·吐温）Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感Jane Austen（简·奥斯汀）四、了解西方文学重要发展阶段的顺序。

研究生英语综合教程一年级期末考试内容

研究生英语综合教程一年级期末考试内容Part A (10’). Fill the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.Unit11. After two year’s unemployment, he worked as a door-to-door salesman peddling cloths and brushes and underwent an unforgettable money-making hardship.2. In the early morning the armed forces began the march but the progress was slow as they had to trudge through deep mud.3. She had the gumption to write directly to the company manager and persuade him to give her a job she had finished all the professional training courses with straight As.4. Men, in most cases, naturally despise t hose who court them, but respect those who do not give way to them.5. To participate in the evening party, she wore a long, loose overcoat with a(n) detachable cape with a round collar.6. The essence of humanistic spirit is to respect the value of human being, the value of life, and have a sense of reverence, because life is sacred.7. This paper is aimed at analyzing the inevitability and possibility for Chinese enterprises to reverence international business.8. The Commission has wide powers to intervene in the affairs of a charity where things have gone wrong.9. The actual low standard of expropriating land and allocation and the singleness in the model of allocation cause lots of peasants to be paupers in city.10. The old lady was pretty good-hearted and her generositywas popular among all who were familiar with her. She often offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.Unit 21. Don’t worry about the problem. She is a shrewd woman full of resourcefulness and will certainly be able to cope.2. We finally chose the house for its proximity to the school. It takes us only five minutes to walk to school from the house.3. The friends of the accused man intimidated the witness by bashing him in a dark alley. As a result, the witness didn’t appear in court.4. The women’s movement acted as a catalyst for change in many a spects of women’s social lives.5. Judging from the relevant evidence, it seems that he should be responsible for the accident because the evidence against him is overwhelming.6. The death of the King was followed by a year of anarchy. People were eager for a powerful leader.7. The economic recession has a fatal effect on demand. The inquiries for our product have dwindled to about three fifths of the previous demand.8. After twenty years of hard work, Jerry finally worked his way up through the corporate hierarchy to become President.9. Greg is a nice guy, but he has a few weird personality quirk, which does not surprise me because everyone has his little oddities to a certain extent.10. Thompson was rant about American youth again, which was his favorite topic. He could talk about the topic for an hour without stopping.Unit 31. The US economy has turned in 108 straight months ofgrowth, surpassing the record of 106 months between February 1961 and December 1969, the report notes.2. Persons suspected of carrying a contagious disease should be detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country.3. In an international conference last year, all the representatives agreed to found a new academy which aimed to spur scientific researches in different fields.4. Japan, a previous leader, languished in 17th place in the poll of business leaders conducted by the International Institute for Management Development.5. They spend a lot of effort fussing over their cultures and the development and maintenance of work environments that will be appealing to those they want to attract.6. Because of the efforts made by many generations of scientists in our country, some apparently impossible feats are now accomplished.7. You have to really think seriously about the introduction of new species of organic compounds that could have acted to catalyze, if not actually spawn, more diverse kinds of life.8. In spite of the great number of denominations, scholars find that in many cases there are no major differences in belief, and only minor ones in ritual between many of the Protestant denominations.9. It often takes trouble from outside to weld a family together and cause them to forget their quarrels.10. The Christian doctrine says that the Son of God was conceived in the womb of Mary and that Jesus is true God and true man.Part B(10’) Choose the word or phrase that is closest inmeaning to the italicized part of each sentence.Unit 11. He turned and walked towards the glass doors in the lobby, feeling that faint guilt and bewilderment we experience when we by-pass some old friend or classmate who seems threadbare, or sick, or miserable in some other way. ragged2. I don’t know anything about art, and I haven’t met any grand p eople, and I don’t go to a good tailor, and all that, I’m not what he calls from top-drawer society. highest3. When someone compliments me on something I’ve cooked, that makes me very happy, so I guess you’d say that I like cooking. praises4. As a manage r, it’s advisable to bear in mind that if your division’s profit outlook is bleak, so may be your future with the company. dismal5. On Christmas morning, the children were enchanted with the various presents supposedly given by Santa Claus. gladdened6. There are, as the old saying goes, some people who pretend to despise the things they cannot have. scorn7. While watching TV to kill time at night, he draped his legs over the arm of the chair and made himself as comfortable and relaxed as he possibly could. hung8. I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, and fascination so I could appreciate all the beauties around me that might be neglected by others. admiration9. An accident must have occurred there for the spectators ringed intersection speaking in low voices. crossway 10. The skills of the George Washington University medical team, plus his amazing determination and the grit and spirit of his wife, Sarah,pulled Jim through courageUnit 21. According to research, the stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. willingness2. Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power compared with the traditional telephone. disadvantage3. When others were actively taking part in the conversation, Leo stood there still, as he felt self-conscious about his accent. embarrassed4. During the course of her lifetime, Mrs. Boone amassed more than $5 million through her hard work and wise investment. collected5. Donna’s having a bridal shower for Julie next week. Now she is busy preparing presents and inviting friends. party6. I think Morris is too laid-back to run the company compared with the ex-CEO, who was very strict with employees. relaxed7. Lucy thought for a minute before the solution dawned on her. Her quick response left a deep impression on the interviewer. occurred to8. For parents, many things can help their children to cultivate good habits. For example, reading aloud nurtures a love of books in children. cultivates9. The chemistry between Hepburn and Tracy is obvious. One can easily observe their love from the way they look at each other. attraction10. I enjoyed the camaraderie among the team, which brought mutual trust among the team members. To a certain extent, this was the key to our success. friendshipUnit 31. She looked wretched and lonely, despairing of the arrival of a friend who has promised to meet her. miserable2. An investigation carried out ostensibly to uncover subversive activities but actually used to harass an d undermine those with differing views. rebellious3. The soldier scaled the wall of the fortress by turret to attack the enemies inside, which caused a lot of casualties. fort4. Launching “The Sims” lets player alternate between being a voyeur and a god in a game that is at once wholesome and creepy. healthy5. The most important thing is that there should be more cohesion within the party in order to win the next general election. integrity6. Gingerly stepping over each sleeper, like a forest hiker over fallen tree trunks, finally I reached the hall and managed to open the door. c autiously7. It breaks my heart to think of all the money we spent on our son’s educatio n and all he wants to do is work in a dreary factory. dull8. The dictator decreed that his birthday should be a public holiday because he considered himself the God of the continent. ordered9. My judgment was frequently faulty and my information was useless sometimes, but my fealty to the nation could not be questioned. loyalty 10. We should pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare, and to his great contributions in the fields of drama and sonnets. respect Translate the following into English(10’)由于繁忙的日程安排，我的话社交生活已经减少到几乎没有。

英语I（1）（试卷代码2204）期末考试说明

英语I（1）（试卷代码2204）期末考试说明英语I（1）(试卷代码2204)期末考试说明一、考试内容包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能。

考试形式为闭卷，笔答。

考试时间为90分钟。

满分为100分，由中央电大统一命题，在同一时间全国统考。

二、试题结构如下第一部分：交际用语，共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分。

第二部分：词汇与结构，共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分。

第三部分：句型转换，共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分。

第四部分：阅读理解（两篇对话或短文），共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分。

第五部分：英译汉（翻译句子），共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分。

三、往年试卷试卷1：试卷代号：2204中央广播电视大学2013-2014学年度第一学期“开放专科”期末考试英语I (1) 试题注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。

考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。

试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。

答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。

第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5题：阅读下面的小对话，判断答语是否恰当，恰当的选A( Right)．不恰当的选B(Wrong)．并将答案写在答题纸上。

1．-Where are you from?-l am from London.A. Right B．Wrong2.- Would you like a coffee?- No,I'm fine,thanks.A. Right B．Wrong3.- London is a bit less modern than Shanghai.-l agree with you.I think London is just as modern as Shanghai.A. Right B．Wrong4.- May I ask my friends to play live music?-Yes,please.A. Right B．Wrong5.- Hello,could I speak to Mr David Manning,please?-Speaking.l am David Manning.A. Right B．Wrong第二部分词汇与结构（共计40分．每小题2分）6 -25题：阅读下面的句子，从A\B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选项的字母符号。

中山大学研究生英语期末考试具体说明

青衣
期末考试题型：
1. 阅读理解5篇共25分（来自课外）
2.词汇选择题40道共20分（选词填空或选词替代划线部分）
（来自课内）3. 翻译（英译中两段来自课内，中译英一段来自课外）
（英译中每段10分，中译英15分，共35分）
4. 写作（提供两个话题选择一个进行写作，共20分）
课内内容来自《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B》第1到第8课课堂讲授过的课文。

课文注释及译文可从本共享文档中下载。

期末考试为同期上课的各班所有研究生统考，试题含课内内容和课外内容，课外部分所有应试研究生同题，课内部分所有使用同一课本的研究生同题。

最终总评成绩由教务员基于期末考成绩和任课教师提供的课堂平时成绩评定。

期末考成绩占总评成绩的40%，另外60%来自课堂平时成绩（= Presentation 20% + English Corner 20% + Essay 20%）。

研究生英语口语期末考试(1)

Oral TestUnit 1Living a full lifeI think a good job is vital for everyone to live a full life. A good job is not only a source of income for daily necessities; it also brings out one’s potential. If one is good at his job, he can obtain personal satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. It can help him to develop a good interpersonal relationship with his colleagues, which in turn adds to his confidence.A good appearance is essential for a full life. I have read a report about a girl who was extremely ugly. She went through hundreds of job interviews, but no company would give her an offer. As a young adult, she still had to depend on her parents. She had neither self-confidence nor income and she couldn’t pursue her hobby. You can image what a life she was leading. However, she was luckily, because after the news report, some kind people donated money to her for a plastic surgery so now she has a chance to get a decent job.I believe a happy family is the key to live a full life. You may have millions of dollars, and you may have a beautiful big house, but if there is no one to share with you the money and the house, what’s the meaning of life, not to mention a full life? When you are sick, it is your family who take care of you. When you are getting older, it is your family who stay with you.How to cope with sicknessDon’t isolate yourself; try to reach out to others;Stay as physically active as you can.Manage your breathing;Stick with your treatment plan.To change for the betterI think the writer means people change for the better in the sense that theybecome wiser and more tolerant, forgiving, grateful If they had troubled relationship in the past, now they are able to cope with them and bring peace to the relationships. They are more confident so they can handle anything that comes in their way. They can bring pleasure to other people as well.A built-in capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstancesI agree with the writer. Human beings have a tremendous potential in themselves that they may not recognize. The potential may never have a chance to be realized. But a crisis in life or a most difficult circumstance may trigger the potential and people will find themselves capable of more things. I once read a report about a nine-year-old boy who lived with his grandmother who is blind. His parents left him and never came back to see him. However, the boy was not only a good student at school; he also took good care of his grandmother on her little pension. He often went to school with an empty stomach, as he wanted to save the meal for his grandmother. It hard to imagine how a nine-year-old boy does all the homework, takes care of someone, and goes to school at the same time. It’s the circumstances that made him capable of doing so.What doesn’t kill you actually makes you strongerI think it is true that what doesn’t kill you actually makes you stronger. We have seen some cases in which some people were struck by misfortune and were never able to stand up again. They became hopeless and helpless. However, some other people became stronger once they came out of the misfortune. For instance, a strong earthquake hit Sichuan province of china. Thousands of people died, and many more got injured. But now people have re-established their families, built new houses and started their new life. The survivors eventually will become stronger than they were. Going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better personYes, I have. When l first came to the university, I found I had a hard time understanding what a professors were saying in classes, especially in English classes because I left my ever university for seven years. I had so much pressure that I wanted to quit. Fortunately, my supervisor noticed the pressure that I was facing and he encouraged me to hold on. He also asked a upperclassman to help me with my study. Now I am a confident graduate student. I think with the past experience, I can handle any difficult situations. I am confident, optimistic and ready for any opportunities and challenges.Why do people take adventures or challenges, like extreme sports, to push themselves to limits and what can they obtain from these experiences?I think these people are born that way. They don’t like average life that everybody is leading and they expect themselves to be different from others. They want to do something special.Those are the people who know they have the potential to be the strong person, they take part in those activities just to prove to themselves or others that they are the best.Some people do this to attract the public attention for one purpose or another. Some of them are business people and they want the public to be aware of their products.These people have too much money and nothing else to do. They are bored with their life and nothing ordinary can arouse their interest. Only the extreme adventures can make them feel they are still alive.To develop a good mind a student must learn how to cultivate and develop a taste for learningI agree with the writer that to develop a good mind the student must learn how to cultivate and develop a taste for learning. To have a good mind, one must be educated. One must have a strong desire to learn new things and learn the right things, something that have a transfer value. He must learn things that will empower him with the faith in the future, and to be creative and flexible.Those learning experiences that have high transfer value to varied life situationsI think fine arts and literature have high transfer value. They give people hope, inspiration, imagination and faith. they can be applied to every aspect of life. They have the power to let people believe in themselves and hope for the best for the future. How important is one’s attitude to changes in his lifeOne’s attitude to changes is vital in his life. It affects his attitude toward his life, too. If he holds a favorable attitude to changes, he is an optimistic person and welcomes any change in his life. He is flexible, tolerant, and can cope with the unexpected. He would have sharp perceptual awareness and comprehend of more what he sees.What should be the role of schooling in one’s education?Which do you think is more important, higher education or job training?Which do you think is more important, a good heart or a good mind?Unit2Commercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sportsEmphasizing on heroic orientations is to please naïve audiencesAre there any other things affected by commercialization? Give your examplesAthletes are paid too much, do you think so?What separates sport from art is the competition at its core. What do you think is the spirit of sport?Sports are often said to reflect the national character of a country. What is the character?I agree with the opinion. As to the character, I think it includes: humanity, fraternity, proficiency and diligent.I think martial arts can best reflect the “national character”of china. First, the sport has a long history in china. Second, it benefits our heath. Besides, the sport has built-in beauty.Why do you think they bid for the Olympics? What can the Olympics bring to the host city?Unit4Choose two of the inventions and talk about their importanceWe are not only we read, we are how we read.When we read online, we tend to become mere decoders of informationThe more we use the web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writingA form of skimming activityHow should the issue of copyright be dealt withIf you are still going to library, what kinds of books are you mostly likely to check out for careful reading? Why?I would like to read books about geography. For I currently major in Geographical Information Technology. I am very interested and do research in this field. Besides, the kind of books are very interesting, also benefits my future.The epoch in which we now live is faddish and superficial, do you think so?What do you think is the symbolic of the widening gap between the 20th century and the 21st century?We live in a technology infatuated society. Do you agree?Do you think science and technology is angel and monster? examples.If there is a time machine that enables you to choose any time to live will you choose to live at this age? Why?Unit5There is no possibility of the right man meeting the right woman. Do you agree?Can you analyze the inner feelings of the wife that led her to take such an action at the end?Do you think there could be a better way out?What do you think the story is trying to tell us?Unit6Migrant worker in chinaThe united state is a nation on the move, tell what the driving forces are behind this.In whose hands do you think the final success or failure a nation’s course rests the leaders of a country or its people? Why?Have you asked yourself what you can do for china?Would you want to changes places with any other people or live in another generation?Longing that overtakes me like a fast car on the free way and makes me willing to withstand a feeling of personal temporariness.Do you think he might benefit financially from moving around?What would be considered as the three worst things by Chinese people?Unit7Beauty is in the eye of the beholderBeauty is not in the face: beauty is a light in the heartBy plucking her petals, you do not gather the beauty of the flower.Beauty and folly are generally companions.Beauty that is merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is intrinsically of poorer quality than the genuine article.For real is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer itself.All men and women will be beautiful only when the social arrangements give to every one of them an opportunity to live completely and harmoniously, do you think people will become beautiful eventually?Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clear to the bone. Do you agree?Unit8Many species of wildlife are reported to have become extinct or to be on the verge of extinction. What do you think causes this problem?What measures should be taken to preserve the biodiversity of wildlife?Man and natureAs you know, nature is most important to human life. People depend on nature to live, and humans need fresh air, water and vegetables, which all comes from nature. Industry needs fuel and other raw materials, which also come from nature. What is more, humans also belong to nature, and are regarded as the highest natural form of life. As a consequence, if we destroy nature, to some extent, we diminish ourselves.What does the mountain think of the howl of a wolf? Why does the author think only the mountain can listen objectively to the howl?Too much safety seems to yield only danger in the long run. ExamplesWhy should we preserve biodiversity? What benefits can it bring about to human beings?Do you think it possible to strike a balance between ecological sustainability and the development needs of people?Later, I found that what I had feared and hated, I now fear and love. What leads to such dramatic change?Why was the author torn between past and present? Do you think many older people tend to have this kind of problem?What is the relationship between human and nature? How do they interact with each other?。

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2012级研究生实用英语期末考试说明（2012-2013学年第二学期）1. 考试时间（1）口语考试时间：第16周星期日（6月9日，3，14班）第16周星期四（6月13日，25，36班）第17周星期二（6月18日，3，14班）第17周星期四(6月20日，25, 36班）第18周星期二（6月25日，3，14班）第18周星期四（6月27日，25，36班）（2）写作考试时间：18周周四(6月27日) 以后，由研究生院统一安排, 请留意研究生院网页通知2. 考试形式及题型（1）口语考试（总40分）形式：每3-4个考生为一组，每组从课程口语部分的10个话题中随机抽取1个话题，10-15分钟准备，15分钟考试，其中10分钟考生就话题展开活动，形式不限，5分钟老师提问。

每个话题附有若干子话题：每组考生可以共同选择其中某一个子话题进行交谈等（形式不限），也可以分别选择不同的子话题。

列出的子话题仅供参考，考生也可以在不脱离抽到的话题的条件下自由发挥。

注意事项：* 请各组考生按任课老师安排的时间到平时上课的教室参加考试并签到。

* 考试时考生如果查看甚至照读准备的内容，以不及格论处。

* 每位考生的发言时间原则上不少于2分半钟。

（2）写作考试（总30分）：题型：信函写作10分+摘要句子排序5分+摘要汉译英15分形式：开卷时间：60分钟注意事项：* 由研究生院安排统考，具体考场安排届时见研究生院网页。

* 考试安排中会列出班号，上课的时间，教室，教师姓名等信息，各考生一定要到自己上课所在班级相应的考场参加考试并签到，否则造成成绩缺失的，后果自负。

口语考试话题、子话题见2-3页！Topic 1 HealthA healthy body is very important to every one of us. When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work; and the only thing you want to do is lying on the bed. When you are healthy, you can eat well, sleep well, sing and jump happily, do all the things you like to enjoy life. The methods to keep us fit vary. In the morning, you can get up early, go outdoors, breathe the fresh air, and do physical exercises. Running and swimming are extremely helpful to keep one fit. If you are a busy person and have no special time allocated to do these things, there are still some ways useful for to keep fit. The easiest way is to walk to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus. You also have to take a routine physical check – up. Your doctor will know the condition of your body most clearly, and he will give you the most valuable advice to keep fit. You should always try to make yourself happy. If you feel happy, you can eat well, sleep well, and your body is sure to be in an excellent condition. Health is the most valuable possession a person expects in his life. Try every means to keep fit is my advice to the people who want to live a happy life in this beautiful world.Sub-topic 1What important factors contribute to health? Why?1) A healthy diet. (A balanced diet) We shouldn’t choose food that is not so good for us andhealthy eating is crucial in life. As we all know, what you eat, what you are. Nowadays many people are affected by obesity. So in order to keep well, we should eat more fruits andvegetables to get vitamins and minerals.2)Good living habits. As an old saying said: Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.3)Be active. Mental and physical are included. We should try to make ourselves happy. It willkeep us feel good. Because when we feel happy, our body is sure to be in an excellentcondition. So we should get a group of friends instead of doing things alone. Ofcourse, being physical active is of equal importance, our body can’t be working well if we don’t do anyphysical exercises. To avoid this kind of occasion happens, we should try to walk instead of taking the bus or car. And we should go for a walk instead of sitting down and watchingtelevision after supper.Sub-topic 2Which is more important, mental health or physical health? Why? How to keep mental health or physical health?1)Mental health refers to emotional stability and an active lifestyle. Good mental health can helpyou enjoy your life more, handle difficult situations easier, stay better connected to your family, your friends and your community.2)Physical health refers to a good body condition.I think mental and physical are equally important.Sub-topic 3What is the biggest threat to people’s health in modern society? Why? How to cope wi th it?1)Cigarette smoking.2)Drinking3)Emotional instability such as anxiousness, depression, vulnerability and anger4)Lack of outdoor exercises.Topic 2TravelingSub-topic 1:What do people often do before leaving home for traveling?We should make some preparations for travelling. We would pay attention to the weather, routes, accommodation and food of the destination. And according to the information we get, we could get ready for our luggage like clothes, money, umbrella, sunglasses and so on. Perhaps we also need map of the destination if we are not familiar with it. Besides these, we also need confirm that the power of our home has been turned off and the windows have been closed. And sometimes we’d better give houses key to our friends or parents in case that we lose them during the journey.Sub-topic 2:Where do you dream to go to? Why?I’d like to go to Paris some day. Paris is the capital of France and it is an artistic city. For centuries, this city has attracted the admiration of the world. Many visitors are attracted by its’beautiful scenery. The well-known scenic spots in Paris are Eiffel Tower (埃菲尔铁塔) which is 320 meters high, is the symbol of Paris. Then Louvre Museum (卢浮宫) ,it is the world’s the most famous and greatest art treasures. It is a palace of art and it is also the oldest palace in France. Notre-Dame Cathedral （巴黎圣母院）, Seine River （塞纳河）, Triumphal Arch （凯旋门）and Champs Elysees(香榭丽舍). Paris is also a romantic and fashionable city. There are many fashion shows in France. The price of the luxurious goods like LV, Chanel and Dior and Hermes is much lower than the price on the international markets, even lower than the price in Hong Kong. So Paris is a good place for shopping. The delicious food and red wine is also attract many tourists.Which one do you prefer, joining a group traveling arranged by a travel agency or traveling by yourself with a free line?I prefer travelling by myself with a free line.Topic 3 Job and CareerSub-topic 1What jobs are popular? Do you know some newly arisen careers?Polular jobs：internet developer architect financial analyst computer software application internet designer computer software engineerNewly arisen careers:viedeo game testers professional gamers professional apologizer professional bargainer hypnotist news seller color adviser pet health carer baby nurser Sub-topic 2What is career planning? How to do it?I think carrer planning is a carrer design, it refers to the design and planing of one’s work,job or life at different stages. To do a career planning, First, identify value and get to know yourself. We should think about many aspects: interest, values, belief and motivators. Second, self-assessment. After you begin to develop a better understanding of yoursel, you will gain a betterself-awareness,improve self-confidence.Third, academic and career options. You should learn about academic and career entrance requirements and indetify insitutes where you want to apply.Forth,competency areas. To gain competency, one should interact with professionals and attend courses that would improve your professional skills. Most of all. You should pay attention to confidence building and time management.Sub-topic 3How to have a successful job interview?Topic 4 Traffic and TransportationSub-topic 1What are the reasons that cause more and more traffic accidents in China today?Sub-topic 2How to avoid traffic accidents?Sub-topic 3Should private cars be encouraged in China?Topic 5 Interpersonal RelationshipSub-topic 1What is important in ensuring good human relationships?Sub-topic 2Interpersonal relationship differs from culture to culture.Sub-topic 3Has the Internet brought people closer?Topic 6 Love and MarriageSub-topic 1Do you know speed dating and flash marriage? What are your opinions on them?Sub-topic 2What characteristics are so important in the opposite sex that may attract you?Loyal, honest realiable,dependable responsible capable practical,realistic ambitious,agressive giving a sense of security,safety dutiful good at making/earning money Sub-topic 3Why are some people kept single?Sub-topic 4Why does marriage matter and how to make it last?As we all know, love and marriage are closely related with each other. Someone may say”marriage is the tomb of love”, but I don’t think so. In my opinion, love is a prelude for marriage and marriage is where love continues to grow. Before marriage,love is passionate. But after marriage,love changed gradually into a realistic one.Once married, the couple have to deal with difficults and triles together. This kind of love is more durable. What’s more, love starts or ends naturally as the attraction between a man and a woman exists or fades away. For love, what we need is just to follow our heart, regardless of rights and obligations.But marriage is different, marriage is complicate and it requires duty and consideration. I think to make a marriage last, the most important is loyalty and responsibility ,communicating and unstanding, Apologizing and forgiving.we should give each other space and keep our temper.Topic 7 House and DwellingSubtopic 1Would you prefer to live in a single room or with partners? Why?Subtopic 2Would you prefer to rent a flat or buy your own apartment after you graduate from school? Why?I think most of us want to have a flat belong to ourselves instead of renting one. But on the current situation, buying a house by our yong people alone is really hard. It is a great financial burden for us because the sales price of houses in big city is too high. As we all know, many young people would buy a house on mortgage. And many of them become mortgage slave and they must pay for the house every month. So I think I prefer to rent a flat after graduation and buy one until I have the certain economic capacity. From my point of view, compared with buying a house, renting a flat has a lot of advantages. It is more convenient and cheap. If we are not satisfied,we can change one. And we dont’t need to consider too much while renting a flat. We just care about its’ rental price and whether it is furnished or not. So at the current stage, I prefer to rent a flat.Subtopic 3What’s the house price in your city? Will it rise or lower in the near future? Why do you think so? Subtopic 4Did you see the TV series “Dwelling Narrowness”(“蜗居”）? What are your comments on it?Topic 8 Past and FutureSubtopic 1What is the thing you cherish most in the past? Why?The memory of the childhood is the most precious thing in the past. When it comes to childhood, many people believe that childhood is very important. Because it is the critical period for one’s character formation.It has an significant effect on one’s growth both physically and psy chologically. So the memory of the childhood is very important. And a happy childhood is surely the most unforgettable. As a child, we play very interesting games. Such as: kicking shuttlecock(踢毽子) , playing marbles(玩玻璃球) and playing various cards. At that time, we usually seek on TV after school. And ofcourse, I like cartoons very much. In my childhood, perhaps the most delicious food for me is instant noodle and cotton candy(棉花糖). I think childhood is a valuable gift for me. Subtopic 2What are your ambitions and what do you expect most from life in the future?Subtopic 3Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning, invisible cloak?1)Atomic bomb2)Space shuttle3)Television4)Man-made satellite5)Airplane6)Computer7)Mobile phone8)10)Internet11)CloneTopic 9 Fashion and lifeSubtopic 1What is fashion in your eyes? Is fashion relevant to social development?People may think about fashion show, Models or fashion clothing when comes to fashion. And fashion is very popular in the modern society. In cities, guys and girls want to be fashion and they wear popular clothes. But different people have different feelings. In my opinion, fashion is not only about pop clothes, it also involves eating, living, buying even thinking. Fashion is life style. Fashion can pop, but fashion isn’t pop. In different years, fashion can be different and fashion is closely relevant to social development. The fashion changes as time goes by. Besides, I think fashion is not only outward, but also intrinsic. Maybe the pop thing isn’t suit you, we should find the suitable fashion for ourselves.Subtopic 2When you choose your wearing, what do you pay most attention to –fashion, quality or price? Do you prefer some brands of goods? Why or why not?Within reasonable price, I will pay attention to quality firstly, and then fashion. I think the quality of clothes we wear is the most important. We must make sure that we feel comfortable and easy. Certainly, fashion is also important for our young people. In my opinion, fashion is just finding the suitable clothing style for us.My favorite brand is NIKE. I like its’ high quality and its’ simple and easy design. The logo of Nike is a wing of the goddess of victory, is a symbol of success and speed.Subtopic 3What’s your opinion on luxuries? Do you think Chinese are more crazy on luxuries than westerners? Why?Topic 10 Chinese and ForeignersSub-topic 1Chinese and people from foreign countries have different ways to do things –the norms, rules, habits, values, which can be defined as culture. Generally, how to treat those cultural differences? Respect and understanding.Sub-topic 2Can you mention some cultural differences or even shocks between Chinese and foreigners (or some differences in different cities or areas in China)?Take example of Chinese and Americans.1)Food Differences. Chinese are used to use chopsticks while Westerns usually use fork andknife. And Chinese eat rice while Westerns like eat pizza or hamburger.2)Education Differences. This including family education and school education. In the US,children are more independent. They know what to do at an early age and plan carefully to achieve the goals. While in China, parents usually prepare everything for you. What we do is just accept without doubt. And in China, there are usually many rules to tie down students.Such as, sitting straightly, listening quietly and taking notes quickly while in class. But Americans can talking freely, think lively and discuss enthusiastically.3)Different spirits. In China, we usually highlight unity and persevering. While in US, personalheroism is advocated. Like the superman.4)Greeting styles. In China, when we meet acquaintances or friends, we always say, “Have youeaten yet?” or “What are you going to do?” While in the US, people may say “Lovely weather, isn’t it?” or “How is everything going?”Sub-topic 3What do you think are the main factors to ensure a good relationship between Chinese and foreigners ?In order to ensure a good relationship with foreigners, we should ensure respect and understanding. Respect is the foundation of communication. So it is very important to respect each other when communicate with foreigners. Since we have different language, different life styles, different thinking modes and different history and culture, then understanding is also important. We should take measures to understand each others’ living habits and increase communication, cooperation. What’s more, we also should have a sense of humor when communicate with foreigners.。

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