托福综合写作词汇句型

模板素材
一、综合写作常用词汇：
1、对材料的指称：
①听力：
the speaker
the lecturer
the professor
the listening material
the lecture
the talk
②阅读：
the writer
the author
the reading material
the writing
the passage
2、表示要点间的关系的词和短语：
①质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语：
refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳
disprove + n 反驳, 证明...为误
deny + n 或+ that 否定，否认
challenge sth. 或者challenge sb on sth 置疑(…的正确性) question + n 置疑(…的正确性或合理性) cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 怀疑
doubt + n 或+ that 怀疑
oppose + n 反对
object to = disagree with + n 反对，不赞成
be opposing to / sb be opposed to 反对
be against 反对
be contrary 相反
be opposite to 相反
contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触，有分歧A and B conflict 或者A conflict with B
be conflicting to 抵触，有分歧differ from + n 与.. 不同
②支持、强化关系的词或短语：
support + n 支持
back + n 支持
enhance + n 增强，强化
strengthen + n 加强
uphold + n 支持，维护
justify + n 为…辩护，证明…的是正当的
3、陈述材料内容的词和短语：say
according to the lecture (reading passage) adv.
state + that 说; 陈述
remark + that 谈起，说
make the point that + 从句
take the position that + 从句
propose + to do / + that 提议，主张
maintain + that 主张，认为
argue + that 争辩到, 认为
indicate + that 表明，指出
suggest + that 提出，表明
mention + n 提及，说起
note + n 或+ that 指出，说到
claim + that 声称，断言
assert + that 断言, 声称（formal）
affirm + that 断言；肯定（formal）
contend + that 声称，主张（formal）
allege + that 宣称, 断言（formal）
put forward + n 提出
point out + that 指出
conclude + that 断定
4、表示转折关系的词和短语：
①adv. in contrast / on the contrary / on the other hand/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless / in comparison
②conj. while / whereas / although /yet/but
5、表示转承的词和短语：
①first, first of all, the first reason / point
②second, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, in addition, another reason / point，additionally
③third, finally, in the end
6、其他有用的词汇：
basis n. 根据
grounds n. 理由，原因
evidence n. 证据
proof n. 证据
groundless adj. 无根据的，无依据的unwarranted adj. 无根据的，不敢保证的incorrect adj. 不正确的
improper adj. 不合适的，不恰当的inappropriate adj. 不合宜的，不适当的incomplete adj. 不完全的，不完整的exemplify + n 举例说明
illustrate + n / + that 举例说明
cast light on 使…显现
given that… 考虑到
in that …由于, 因为
regarding prep. 关于
concerning p rep. 关于
with regard / respect to p rep. 关于
in term(s) of …就…而言
in light of…就…而言
on the respect of …. 在…方面
7. 因此
As a result
As a consequence
Accordingly
Consequently
Therefore,
Hence,
Thus,
Thereby
二、综合写作黄金句型：
1、首段（稍作转换亦可用于中间段）
⏹The lecture…, which … the main idea in the reading that …
⏹The professor … . On the contrary / in contrast / however, the writer … a
different / contradictory / opposing idea that …
⏹Contrary to / opposed to the belief / idea / point in the passage that …, the
professor … that …
⏹The professor … the viewpoint showed / suggested / indicated / mentioned /
discussed / stated in the passage that … by saying that …
⏹The evidence / proof / points / opinion given / provided / stated in the passage
is groundless / unwarranted / somewhat inappropriate / inaccurate when compared to what is …ed in the lecture. The lecture …
2、中间段
⏹The professor made the point that … The reading, in contrast, held a …view
by saying that …
⏹As regards to / in terms of …, the listening material …the reading
material. …
⏹Another important point …in the reading material is that … but the
listening presents a conflicting / contradictory / opposing / negative / opposite idea that ….
⏹The second / third point / reason / evidence …in the reading passage is
that… . Contrary to it is the professor’s …that …
⏹Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage,, the lecturer ...
⏹The passage …but it is not the case in the lecture. The professor …
⏹The passage… while the lecture… . This was another part where (the … of)
the lecture … (the … in ) the passage (that…).
⏹Finally, the professor …. that … , which … t he standpoint made by the
writer who said that …
三、综合写作句型集
打造个性化模板模版范例：
It is …ed in the lecture that…, which …the passage. According to the passage, …
First, contrary to / opposite to / opposed to the …in the passage that…, the professor …that …
The second … in the reading / by the author is that … however, the lecture .... This is another point / part where the lecture …the passage.
Finally, the author of the passage …that …. Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage, the lecturer ...
反驳关联套句
1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.
3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.
4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.
5.not as the passage puts it, ….
6.Unlike described in the passage
7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …
8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim
9.actually/in fact/in deed
10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that…
指代文章信息的抽象名词：
1.reason cause basis ground motive motivation
2.example instance
3.evidence date fact proof basis foundation
4.explanation account
5.definition description clarification
6.assumption premise hypothesis guess
7.conclusion belidf idea opinion judgment view notion argument theo ry
8.issue matter topic problem subject concern
9.acknowledgement observation
10.statement point detail
11.advice appeal proposal plan scheme recommendation
12.benefit advantage improvement
指代讲座信息的抽象名词
1.studies researches
2.finding discovery
3.alternative explanation theory
4.counter-example counter-evidence
5.claim assertion
6.objection refutation charge
7.remark comment。