新编商务英语基础教程Unit 6

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商务英语 Unit 6 Day-to-Day work

Unit 6 Day-to-Day workTime 3* 90'ObjectivesWhen the learners finish learning this unit, they should be able to∙talk about daily routines∙talk about likes and dislikesFocus∙Prepositions of time∙Using Adverbs of frequency to describe routine work or lifeWarming upAsk students the questions:Q1: What do you do in your everyday life?Q2: What do you like and what do you hate?The students may not very well-organized. This doesn't really matter however. Just encourage them to give a logical description and introduce the new unit.6.1 Talking about your workA Reading1. Different ways of saying time: eight thirty, half past eight, fifteen to nine . Make sure: the twenty four hour clock is used for international travel and other official times, but not in conversation. And a.m.= in the morning, p.m.= in the afternoon/evening.2. Read the article and say which hours you would prefer to work. Probably they will prefer conditions in the second text as the hours are shorter.3. Are the banking and business hours different from our country's?B Language focuses.This exercise focuses on prepositions of time.1. Look at the examples and elicit the rules.(Write the following on the board)1) at + time2) on + day/day with part of day3) in + month/part of day4) from morning till night, from 1998 to 20002. Further the practice. Give the correct prepositions for the following list of words:Sunday, July, four o'clock, the afternoon, midnight, Monday morning, three fifteen, December, April, Tuesday, Tuesday afternoon, 21 century, spring.3. Look at the photographs and establish what they do and where they work, suggesting working times and using this to present the following verbs:S/he starts/begins work at…S/he finishes work at…S/he do esn't work on…C SpeakingStudents do the conversations themselves. Go around to see whether all of them are get involved in the practice.D Writing1. Look at the beginning and end of the letter and make sure you know what you have to do.2. Write the letter, basing your information on someone you know, e.g. a relative or friend.6.2 Describing routinesA ReadingThe aim of this text is to develop learners' reading skills. It also presents adverbs of definite and indefinite frequency as will as a number of basic business activities.1. Look at the photograph and establish what Pam Lopker does. Then predict what she does in a typical day. Write on the board:She gets up at …She goes to work by …She gets to work at …She has lunch at…She fini shes work at …In the evening she …2. Read the text and compare it with your predictions. You do not need to understand every word to do this task.3. Reread the article in your own time and deal with any vocabulary problems.4. Do you think Pam Lopker works hard? Why?B Language focus.This exercise practice adverbs of indefinite frequency.1. Write on the board:I … get up at five o'clock.Ask students:Can you suggest a word which will fit in the gap? This should be an adverb of frequency ( don't would not be accepted). Can you give any other adverbs?2. Students look at the diagram and they should make sure they understand all the words.3. Reread the article and complete the sentences.Suggested answers :1) always, 2) sometimes, 3) never, 4) often, 5) usually4. Give the rule:subject + adverb of frequency + verb5. In pairs, learners tell each other about their day in analogy to the sentences about Pam Lopker. This ensures they are using the adverbs of frequency. When they are ready, put learners into new pairs and ask them to report on their first partner.C Language focusThis exercise practices definite adverbs of frequency, as in the example in the text: Customers or potential customers come to her office at least three times a week.1. Learners look at the table and point out the end position of definite adverbs of frequency, in contrast to the position of indefinite adverbs of frequency they met in the previous exercise. Check they understand the meaning of once and twice by asking a couple of questions, e.g. How often do we have English?2. Learners write some sentences about themselves based on other activities in the table.D WritingLearners write a paragraph about their own lives, using both indefinite adverbs of frequency and definite adverbs of frequency.6.3 Likes and dislikesA DiscussionThis activity introduces the theme of discussing likes and dislikes in your job and gives some vocabulary for discussing this.1. Learners look at what people say. Give some examples of perks, e.g. company car, free lunches, etc.2. Learners decide what is important for the situations listed below the pictures, rank their priorities, compare their choices and reach agreement.Suggested answers:Someone who wants to make a fortune: good boss, salary, perksSomeone with a family: hours, colleagues, holidays3. Elicit any other things not listed that might be important.B ListeningIn these three interviews learners hear people talking about some of the things from the vocabulary activity. It also introduces the language presented in the next section.1. Explain the rubric and make sure that learners understand when to put a tick(√)(important), a cross (×) (not important) and a dash (--) (no opinion/doesn't mention). Students read through the list and make appropriate marks in the You column.2. Learners compare what they have marked. Ask a few learners to say what they have marked to check that they are using the symbols correctly.3. Play the recording and learners mark the things talked about. Let them compare their answers with a partner before playing the recording again. They should note down how the person feels about each point.4. In the same way, do the other interviews.Suggested answers:C Language focusThis exercise focuses on verbs of liking and disliking followed by the –ing form.Learners look at the examples in the box. Establish that don't mind means that you don't feel strongly about something.1. Learners complete the sentences and add five more likes and dislikes, helping with vocabulary as necessary.2. Learners report back to the class. Introduce We both … and neither of us ..., e.g. We both like talking to people. Neither of us likes working on Saturdays.Sum-upIn this unit, we learnt:1. How to talk abut work.2. How to describe routines.3. How to describe likes and dislikes.AssignmentWrite a typical day in your life.。

unit6商务英语写作商务合同

Unit 6 sales confirmation and purchase contract售货确认书和购货合同1. 合同的定义• A contract is a binding agreement between two or more parties. Contracts are formed through negotiations between the buyer and the seller. Once a deal is made, traders may sign two copies of contract face to face. Or the seller may send two copies signed by him to the buyer for counter-signature and the buyer should return one copy to the seller for file.•买卖双方经过磋商，一方的发盘被另一方有效接受，交易即成，合同宣告成立。

但在实际业务中，按照一般习惯做法，买卖双方达成协议后，通常要制作书面合同将各自的权利和义务用书面形式加以明确，这就是所谓的签订合同在国际贸易中，书面合同主要采取两种形式：（1）一种是内容较为简单的简式合同，如销售确认书（Sales Confirmation ）、购货确认书(Purchase Confirmation).（2）另一种是条款较为完备、内容较全面的正式合同，如进口合同（Import Contract)、出口合同（Export Contract）、购货合同（Purchase Contract）、销售合同(Sales Contract2. 合同和确认书的对比•报关时SALES CONFIRMATION 就是当SALES CONTRACT 来用的。

SALES CONFIRMATION侧重的是产品，流程和条款确认，而 SALES CONTRACT侧重的则是产品及描述的确认。

商务英语 Unit 6

工厂交货价仓库交货价船边交货价船上交货价
成本加运费成本加保险费加运费
CFR(C&F) Cost and Freight CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight DCP CIP DDP Delivered Carriage Paid Carriage and Insurance Paid Delivered Duty Paid
货物运费付至运费、运费、保险费付至完税后交货
The Shifts of Risks and Costs between Seller and Buyer
Think about it:
Why should we have incoterm?
To set the price To define the respective responsibilities of the seller and the buyer To eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute
friendly informal polite impatient
helpful aggressive formal hostile
Useful functions!
If you require some information, you can say: Could you please tell me if/ when/ how much/ why…? I wonder if you could tell me…? I’d like to know… I’d like some information about… Or you can write: We require the following information… Please let us know whether/when/how much… When someone gives you some information you can comment or reply: Oh, I see. That’s interesting. Thanks for letting me know.

新编英语教程 6 unit 6

Words and Expressions 1.assumption:something taken for granted; supposition 2.crave for: long for; desire eagerly 3.humdrum: lacking variety; dull 4.immerse: involve deeply; absorb 5.transmute: change; transform 6.physiological pressure: irritation; annoyance; affliction 7.vexation: illness; discomfort
Body
of the essay (paras2-5) Para.2 People who achieve do not necessarily live eventful lives. Para.3 What is essential for creative work is a man’s ability to make the trivial reach an enormous way. Para.4 An eventful life does more harm than good to a creative man. Para. 5 How he himself has been benefited from his dull work experience.
8.seminal:
having possibilities of future development; highly original and influencing the development of future events 9.inordinate: excessive patible with: able to exist together 11.thrive on: enjoy and do well as a result of 12.stave off: keep off; prevent in time

商务英语翻译-U6词类转换翻译法

2. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。
3. Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment?
3.其它词类转译
5. He is the right man I’m looking for.
他正是我在找的人。
6. The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter.
1-①名词转译成动词（n.---v. ）
英语中具有动作意义的动作意义的名词，汉译时往往可转化为动词。
1. They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 2. Give me liberty or give me death.
服从命令是军人的天职。
3. Many Western people are religious.
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
3.其它词类转译
1. You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.） 2. Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad. 我国政府十分关心海外华侨。 3. His address impressed me deeply. 他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。 4. From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。

商务英语Unit 6 参考答案

Unit 6 TradePart I Business V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 They’ve _____B_______ us a very good price for the consignment.A offeredB quotedC presentedD supplied2 If you can’t _______A_________ the delivery date, let us know as soon as possible.A meetB makeC produceD decide3 We ______D________ in distributing high quality wines.A sellB bring outC handleD specialize4 We would appreciate it if we could be B your sole distributor.A pointed outB appointedC acted asD represented5 We have ____B__________ Julian Montero, the Argentine supplier of the wine we are importing.A contacted withB contactedC linked toD linked6 Please ________C________ a letter of credit to cover the shipment.A makeB produceC openD draw7 We look forward to receiving a copy of your letter to your ______D______ bank in Argentina as soon as possible.A correspondingB correspondedC respondingD correspondent8 Since we’ve not _____B________ you before, we’d like to be paid by banker’s draftA dealt inB dealt withC dealt atD dealt for9 It creates its own branded products but also makes guitars ________B_________ distributors’ specifications.A atB toC inD by10 The two companies have had some initial _____D___________ by fax and nowface-to-face meeting is required.A lettersB emailsC faxesD correspondence11 We do hope we can reach an agreement ________D_______ the terms quoted.A forB ofC atD on12 In reply, we are _____C_______ you for 500 cases of Chinese Black Tea atAuD80 per case CIF Sydney.A providingB supplyingC offeringD granting13 This offer is ______B_______ to your reply reaching us before the 20th of February.A subjectingB subjectC subjectedD to subject14 Payment is to be ____D_______ by irrevocable L/C at sight.A done D conducted C paid D made15 They are ____D_ great demand abroad and our stocks are running down quickly.A atB ofC forD in16 We are confident that once you have tried our blouses, you will place repeat orderswith us _____C______ large quantities.A atB forC inD by17 Please note that we do not allow any commission _____B______ our blouses.A forB onC aboutD at18 The above offer is made _____C________ engagement and is subject to our finalconfirmation.A withB noC withoutD having19 ______A______ we are appreciating the good quality of your black tea, we regretthat your price appears to be on the high side.A WhileB WhenC HoweverD Therefore20 However, please note that it is only because we hope to obtain your futuresubstantial orders _____D______ we accept your requirements.A whichB whereC whatD thatPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product2 国民生产总值Gross National Product3 人均GDP GDP per capita4 自然资源natural resources5 新生产业infant industry6 自由港free port7 战略产业strategic industry8 交货期delivery date9 保险insurance10 本地商会local Chamber of Commerce11 总值total value12 不可撤销信用证irrevocable Letter of Credit13 往来行correspondent bank14 清洁提单clean Bill of Lading15 分批装运part shipment16 成本加保险费运费价CIF(cost, insurance and freight)17 长期关系long-term relationship18 利润幅度profit margin19银行转帐bank transfer20 船上交货价FOB(Free on Board)Part III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.It’s essential to comply with all regulations if you want the delivery to gothrough without problems.如果你想要交货没有问题那就必须遵守所有条款。

商务英语Unit6(精)

Business Communication
Scale of probability
Key Vocabulary
banking sector commercial bank clearing banks merchant bank individual rise and fall interest rate investors offshore bank accounts public company tax year annual report multinational: companies which operate in a number of countries subsidiaries: branches in aspects: in all kinds of offshore bank: foreign bank
Useful expressions:
Who do you work for? Where are the headquarters?
Where are you based?
Do you have branches oversea? Talking about types of banking
The tips for business letter writing
brief ( state the aim at he very beginning),
clear ( what you expect or need in specific
way),
polite (dear, Yours sincerely, and a neat
Language Focus
due to : because of integral: whole

新编英语教程I_Unit6

specific questions
1.Is Miss Lu's major acting? Then what is her major? 2.What is The Editorial Board of the Pujiang Weekly is interested in? 3.When she stood on the stage for the first time in her life, how did she feel? 4.When did she begin to act in full-length classical plays? 5.Did she suffer from any degree of stage fright yesterday? 6.How does she view the propects of her amateur acting career when she gradutes from the university?
3. I’ve been playing the piano since I was a child.
1) The verb / verb phrase in the since-clause is usually in the simple past. When the connective is since, the verb/verb phrases in the main clause, when referring to an action, is usually in the present perfect or the present perfect progressive form; when referring to time, however, it is usually in the simple tense.

新编商务英语精读1课后习题答案（unit6

Key (练习答案)Unit 6 Jewel‎r yReadi‎n g IExerc‎i se II1. c2. c3. b4. d5. dIII1. accum‎u late‎2. brill‎i ant3. choos‎y4. malic‎i ous5. bache‎l or6. desti‎n ed7. odd 8. commu‎n ion 9. intui‎tion 10. fulfi‎l lIV1. infec‎t2. was desti‎n ed3. joke about‎4. to do with5. takes‎h er time6. were to7. in his stead‎8. edge to her voice‎9. fell apart‎10. won’t be cut out forV1. short‎l y2. It’s very odd3. choos‎y4. in my stead‎5. in commu‎nion with6. be desti‎n ed never‎to see each other‎again‎VI1.revel‎1) vt. to make known‎(somet‎h ing previ‎o u sly‎secre‎t or unkno‎wn)揭示；揭露；泄露e.g. The inves‎tigat‎i on has revea‎l ed some serio‎u s fault‎s in the syste‎m.2) vt. to show or allow‎sth. to be seen 展现;显露出e.g. The curta‎i ns opene‎d, to revea‎l a darke‎n ed stage‎.[相关词]revea‎ling adj. allow‎i ng parts‎to be seen which‎are usual‎l y kept cover‎e d 暴露的；裸露的e.g. a very revea‎l ing dress‎revel‎a tion‎n. the makin‎g known‎of some secre‎t展示；揭露；显露e.g. The revel‎a tion‎of his scand‎alous‎past led to his resig‎n atio‎n.revel‎a tion‎s n. (宗教)启示录[相关搭配]revea‎l a scand‎al揭露丑闻revea‎l the insid‎e story‎(of) 揭开内幕revea‎l a secre‎t揭开秘密revea‎l the objec‎tive laws 揭示客观规‎律a. Her biogr‎a phy revea‎l ed that she was not as rich as every‎on e thoug‎h t.b. A joke can be very revea‎ling of what someo‎n e’s reall‎y think‎i ng.c. He still‎ did not revea‎l what he felt about‎m e.2. accum‎ulate‎vi./ vt. to colle‎ct or grow into a mass 积累；积聚e.g. A thick‎layer‎ of dust had accum‎u late‎d in the room.He gradu‎ally accum‎u late‎d an impre‎s sive‎colle‎ction‎of paint‎i ngs.He accum‎u late‎d wealt‎h throu‎g h illeg‎al means‎.他以非法手‎段敛财。

Unit 6商务英语

Para. 7 1. tout: v. to promote or praise energetically; publicize 招徕顾客, 兜售, 招徕, 刺探...情报, 侦查 A ticket tout is a person who sells tickets unofficially for a heavily booked sporting event, concert, etc, at greatly inflated prices
II. Developing Resources
Mangers develop a long-term strategy and attack their goals slowly, steadily, and strategically, on the other hand, can eventually win the backing they want.
2. discretion:1) ability or power to decide responsibly 2) freedom to act or judge on one's own act at [on] one's discretion 自行决断 age [years] of discretion be in/within sb.'s discretion to do leave to sb.'s discretion use one's (own) discretion 自行斟酌 with discretion 慎重地, 审慎地 D-is the better part oce managers command their agendas and sense their own freedom of choice, they come to relish their roles.

商务英语写作 Unit 6 counter-offer

Unit 6
Counter-offer
Definition
A counteroffer is a partial or full rejection of the original offer of the seller.In counteroffer letters,the buyer may show his disagreement to certain terms of the offer.To convice the seller of his position,the buyer should give proper reasons to support himself and then state his own proposals.பைடு நூலகம் 还盘是对卖方的原报盘的部分或全部拒绝。在还盘信中，买方可对报盘的某些条款提出不同意见。为了向卖方表明自己的立场，买方应阐明适当的理由，继而提出自己的条件。
Definition
The seller has the right of acceptance or refusal.In the latter case,he may make another counter-offer of his own.This process can go on for many a round till a business is concluded or called off. 对买方的提议卖方可以接受或拒绝。如果拒绝，卖方可提出反还盘。这个往来过程可能有很多轮，直至最后成交或交易谈判失败。

新编剑桥商务英语unit 6

LOGO
Text C
Car Plant workers Win Lottery
Harry Lane was one of six employees at a UK car plant who received their £9.5 million winnings from last Saturday night’s lottery and announced they wouldn’t be going back to work. 61-year-old Harry said, ‘I’ve been retired for two days now. I thought I’d have to work for another four years but this like a dream!’ Harry’s only plans so far are to pay off the rest of his mortgage and take his grandchildren on holiday. No one at his old factory was available to comment on how they would be replacing the six workers.
Read the three news stories and match each extract A, B or C to a person described below. In 1 and 5 there are two correct answers. Underline the words in the text which give you the answer.
LOGO
Listening script

商务英语口语 Unit 6 Meetings

C. Attending a Meeting
Dialogue 1 – Having a one-to-one meeting Dialogue 2 – Having a brainstorming meeting Dialogue 3 – Having a problem-solving meeting Practice
Mr. Lee: Sophia, is everything going well for tomorrow’s meeting with the directors?
Sophia: Yes, Mr. Lee. Everyone has been told by external memo. I’ve also made sure of the meeting schedule with each presenter, personally.
Extended Activities
Role-play
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5
Discussion
Topic 1 Topic 2
Unit 6
Starting Up
Unit 6
Read the following statements about meetings. Are they True (T) or False (F)?
Mr. Lee: You’d better double-check, just to make sure. We don’t want any big problems.
Sophia: You’re right. I’ll get right on it. I’ll spend the rest of the day proofreading all documentation.

新编商务英语精读1课后习题答案(unit6

Key (练习答案)Unit 6 JewelryReading IExercise II1. c2. c3. b4. d5. dIII1. accumulate2. brilliant3. choosy4. malicious5. bachelor6. destined7. odd 8. communion 9. intuition 10. fulfillIV1. infect2. was destined3. joke about4. to do with5. takes her time6. were to7. in his stead8. edge to her voice9. fell apart 10. won’t be cut out forV1. shortly2. It’s very odd3. choosy4. in my stead5. in communion with6. be destined never to see each other againVI1.revel1) vt. to make known (something previously secret or unknown)揭示；揭露；泄露e.g. The investigation has revealed some serious faults in the system.2) vt. to show or allow sth. to be seen 展现;显露出e.g. The curtains opened, to reveal a darkened stage.[相关词]revealing adj. allowing parts to be seen which are usually kept covered 暴露的；裸露的e.g. a very revealing dressrevelation n. the making known of some secret 展示；揭露；显露e.g. The revelation of his scandalous past led to his resignation.revelations n. (宗教)启示录[相关搭配]reveal a scandal 揭露丑闻reveal the inside story (of) 揭开内幕reveal a secret 揭开秘密reveal the objective laws 揭示客观规律a. Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.b. A joke can be very revealing of what someone’s really thinking.c. He still did not reveal what he felt about me.2. accumulatevi./ vt. to collect or grow into a mass 积累；积聚e.g. A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room.He gradually accumulated an impressive collection of paintings.He accumulated wealth through illegal means. 他以非法手段敛财。

新编英语教程第三版第六单元课件

新编英语教程（第三版）第三册
Unit 6 On Buying Books
Lead-In Listening In and Speaking Out Text Oral Work Guided Writing Comprehensive Exercises
Script
新编英语教程（第三版）第三册
Unit 6 On Buying Books
Movie Clip
Quotes
新编英语教程（第三版）第三册
Unit 6 On Buying Books
Lead-In Listening In and Speaking Out Text Oral Work Guided Writing Comprehensive Exercises
Movie Clip
新编英语教程（第三版）第三册
Unit 6 On Buying Books
Lead-In Listening In and Speaking Out Text Oral Work Guided Writing Comprehensive Exercises
2. Why did the girl struggle when she found the Pucci boots? Because she knew she didn’t need it, but she couldn’t resist the temptation of its low price.
The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of past centuries. — Rene Descartes
Reading is not merely sympathizing and understanding; it is also criticizing and judging. — Virginia Woolf

商务英语基础 Unit 6 At the Bank课件

world.
(
(
) 4. You can make a call to obtain traveler’s checks.
) 5. The cashier enters the amount in your passport.
精品
Business Reading
dealing with protected against pay for refund separated from cashier charge foreign currency
时把它和支票分开保管。)
3. I’m going to Germany, so I’d like US$ 50 worth of Euros.
4. What if my checks are stolen or lost?
5. If that happens unfortunately, please inform us as soon as you can.
Filling Game
1. England is _______________ separated from France by the Channel. 2. What is the best way of ____________ dealing with young criminals（罪犯）? cashier 3. The ____________ will usually ask to see your passport again too. 4. We’ll direct you to the nearest location where you can get a ___________ refund or new checks. 5. -- And do you need some ________________? foreign currency

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Unit 6 The Quality and QuantityI Teaching Aim1. Cognitive Information(认知信息): Quality and Quantity of Customers2. Language Focus(内容重点):1）Word Study: A. cast, complex, relatively, critical, matter, conversely, specific, seminar, initially； B. income, budget, straightforward, cost, beneficial, individual, prospective, overall2）Phrases: A. in the hopes of, depend on, result in, instead of, be exposed to；B. seek to3）Key Words: A. spread；B. Specify3. Grammar: There be 结构4. Writing （写作技巧）: 英语写作的语气5. Translation （翻译技巧）: 句子主语的翻译III Background InformationThe Marketing Plan营销计划营销决策的核心部分就是营销计划。

营销计划的作用是：需要营销人员充分地了解营销决策的结果。

需要营销人员充分地了解他们所经营的市场。

制定目标并且为企业内部人员提供指导。

营销计划无论是计划一年或更长，都要求进行市场研究，以便更好地了解市场。

随着对市场的了解，营销人员可以根据以下要点进行计划：企业任务——企业长期发展的目标。

这是企业高层领导的意愿并且长期不变。

宗旨——反映出企业的希望。

与企业任务一样，企业宗旨也是从上贯彻到下的。

宗旨可能是以财政目标（比如，赢利）或营销目标的形式（比如，达到市场份额的某一水平）。

营销战略——为达到目标，要求营销人员参与制定资源（比如，营销资金）的利用。

但是，在营销决策之前（比如，在哪里做广告），营销人员需要制定全面的行动计划。

营销预算——执行营销策略几乎总意味着费用。

营销费用必须与营销战术策略相配合。

营销部门先制定出全部费用的预算，最终由管理层来决定预算的多少。

IV language and Culture Focus （语言文化要点）Text A1 .W ord study1）cast v.to throw （sth.），esp deliberately or with force 扔，投，掷，抛e.g. cast a stone 扔石头The angler cast his line (into the water). 钓鱼的人把鱼线抛入水中。

2）complex a.difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts 复杂的，难懂的e.g. a complex argument, theory, subject 复杂的论证、理论、学科3）relatively ad.in relation or proportion to sb./sth. else；comparatively 相对地；比较而言e.g. Considering the smallness of the car，it is relatively roomy inside. 别看这辆汽车小，里面还比较宽敞。

Relatively speaking，this matter is unimportant.相对来说，这事并不重要。

4）critical a.of decisive importance with respect to the outcome 决定性的；关键性的e.g. We are at a critical time in our history. 我们正处于历史的紧要关头。

Her help was critical (i.e., of great importance) during the emergency. 在紧急情况下，她的援助至为重要。

5）matter v.~ （to sb.）to be important 要紧，有关系e.g. What does it matter (whether he comes or goes)? （他来也好去好，）那有什么关系?Some things matter more than others. 有些事情更重要。

6）conversely ad. contrarily 相反地e.g. Y ou can add the fluid to the powder or，conversely，the powder to the fluid. 可以将液体加到粉末里，或者相反，将粉末加到液体里。

7）specific a.①specified, precise or exact 精确的；确切的；具体的e.g. specific instructions 明确的指示What are your specific aims? 你有确切的目标吗?②relating to one particular thing, etc.; not general 特定的；具体的e.g. The money is to be used for one specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. 这笔钱有专门用途：就是建造新剧院。

8）seminar n.(of small group of students at a university, etc.) a meeting to discuss or study a particular topic with a teacher 研讨会e.g. a seminar on Shakespeare’s works 一个关于莎士比亚作品的研讨会9）initially ad.at the beginning; at first 最初；开头；首先e.g. She came initially to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month. 起先她只打算来待几天，但后来却住了整整一个月。

2. Phrase1）in the hope of/in hopes ofbecause of the wish for sth./that ... 怀着……的希望e.g. I called in the hope of finding her at home. 我希望她能在家才给她打的电话。

2）depend on sth. to be decided by sth. 视……而定；取决于e.g. A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge. 这在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应。

How much is produced depends on how hard we work. 产量的大小在于我们努力的程度。

3）result in sth.to have a specified effect or consequence 结果是，导致e.g. Our efforts resulted in success/failure. 我们的努力终于成功/失败了。

The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles. 谈判结果削减了导弹数量。

4）instead ofin place of 代替；而不是……e.g. Let’s play cards instead of watching television. 咱们玩纸牌吧，别看电视了。

We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. 我们有时候吃大米，不吃土豆。

5）be exposed~ sth./sb./oneself (to sth.)to uncover or leave sb./sth./oneself uncovered or unprotected 显露于e.g. expose one’s skin to the sun 使皮肤暴露于阳光下The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain. 婴儿被离弃于风雨之中。

3.Key W ordsspread v.①~ sth. （out）（on/over sth.）to extend the surface area, widthor length of sth. by unfolding or unrolling it 展开；铺开；摊开e.g. T he bird spread (out) its wings. 那只鸟张开了翅膀。

spread out one’s arms 张开两臂spread a table with a cloth 把桌布铺在桌子上②~ A on B，~ B with A to put (a substance) on (a surface) andextend its area by flattening, etc. 涂；敷e.g. s pread butter on bread 把黄油涂在面包上spread bread with butter 把黄油涂在面包上③to distribute 散布；传播e.g. S ettlers soon spread inland. 移民们不久就迁徙到内地了。

V Teaching tips（教学提示）Part 3 Knowledge and Skills3 .T ranslation 句子主语的翻译在句子中，主语和谓语通常是句子的主要成分，也是表达主要意思的主干。

在翻译过程中，如果分不清句子的主干，肯定不能够理解整个句子，更谈不上翻译好句子。

在英语句子中，我们经常遇到无生命名词做主语的句子，这种句子在英语中比汉语中出现的多，而科技文章和散文中的这类句子更为常见。

由于英语和汉语在主语表达方式上明显不同，所以我们在汉译过程中往往会感到困难，翻译出来的句子有的不符合汉语规范，甚至不知所云。

由于有些译者没有正确、完整的理解原句的意思，又生怕翻译过程中出现错译、漏译的现象，所以他们只好机械的逐词逐句的翻译。

1)对无生命名词作主语的句子的理解英语中有许多动词作主语的无生命的名词连用，表示无生命事物的运动、变化、状态和作用。