7.Specific Information
collect the information make decision
Collect the Information, Make DecisionIntroduction:Making informed decisions is crucial for personal and professional success. To make sound decisions, one must collect relevant information, analyze it effectively, and consider various factors before reaching a conclusion. This document emphasizes the importance of collecting information and provides guidance on how to make informed decisions.Importance of Information Collection:1.Identifying Needs: Collecting information helps in understanding thespecific needs and requirements related to a decision. It allows individuals or organizations to gather relevant data and evaluate available options effectively.2.Analyzing Alternatives: Information collection enables theidentification and analysis of diverse alternatives. It provides insights into the pros and cons of different options, leading to a better understanding ofpotential outcomes.3.Reducing Bias: Gathering information from various sources helpseliminate bias and ensures a comprehensive understanding of the situation. It enables individuals to consider multiple perspectives, enhancing the decision-making process.Steps to Collect Information:1.Define the Decision: Clearly define the decision you need to make.Understand the purpose, objectives, and desired outcomes to determine the type and level of information required.2.Identify Relevant Sources: Identify trustworthy and credible sourcesof information. This can include books, research papers, industry reports,experts, online databases, and reliable websites. Ensure the informationcollected is up-to-date and reliable.3.Conduct Surveys or Interviews: Surveys or interviews help gatherfirst-hand information by directly engaging with individuals who haveknowledge or experience related to the decision. Ensure the questions are well-designed and unbiased, allowing respondents to provide valuable insights.4.Review Case Studies or Examples: Analyze relevant case studies orexamples related to the decision at hand. This provides valuable insights into how others have approached similar situations, helping broaden theperspective.5.Utilize Experimentation or Pilot Studies: In situations where directexperience or testing is feasible, consider conducting experiments or pilotstudies. This empirical approach can provide valuable information and real-time feedback for decision-making.anize and Analyze Data: Once the information is collected,organize it systematically for analysis. Use appropriate tools or techniques,such as spreadsheets or statistical software, to identify patterns, trends, and potential correlations. This helps in drawing meaningful conclusions.Considerations for Decision-Making:1.Relevance: Evaluate the collected information in terms of its relevanceto the decision at hand. Discard or give less weight to sources or data that are not directly applicable or reliable.2.Quality: Assess the credibility and reliability of the informationsources. Consider factors such as the author’s expertise, methodology, and the reputability of the publishing platform.3.Multiple Perspectives: Consider different viewpoints and opinions onthe matter. This helps in avoiding bias and broadens the understanding ofpotential outcomes.4.Timeliness: Determine the relevance of the collected informationbased on its recency. Some decisions may require up-to-date data, while others may rely on historical information.Conclusion:Collecting information is a critical step in the decision-making process. By identifying needs, analyzing alternatives, and reducing bias, information collection lays the foundation for informed decisions. Adopting a systematic approach, utilizing diverse sources, and considering various perspectives ensure a well-rounded understanding of the matter at hand. Remember, an informed decision is more likely to lead to success and desired outcomes.。
信息管理与信息系统专业英语：专业词汇的中英文翻译和具体英文介绍
1. informationInformation, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. This concept has numerous other meanings in different contexts.[1] Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.(信息,在其最受限制的技术意义上,是一个序列的符号,可以被解释为一个消息。
信息可以被记录为标志,或传输信号。
信息是任何类型的事件,影响一个动态系统的状态。
从概念上讲,信息是信息(话语或表达式)的表达。
这一概念具有许多其他在不同语境下的含义。
[1]此外,信息的概念密切相关的概念约束、通信、控制、数据、形式、指令、知识、意义,精神刺激,模式,感知的代表性,尤其是熵。
信管外文翻译
建立信息管理系统在行政管理机构信息是个重要资源。
及时有效的重要信息对于高效管理职能的表现是至关重要的，例如准备，组织，领导，控制。
在一个管理机构中，信息系统就像是人体中的神经系统，它把组织的所有元件连接在一起而且还在竞争的环境中提供更好的操作和生存机会。
信息系统经常提及一个以计算机为基础的，被设计成支持组织的操作、经营和决策功能的系统。
在组织中信息系统为决策者提供信息支持。
信息系统包含交易处理系统、管理信息系统、决策支持系统和战略的信息系统。
信息由经过处理的而且是对用户是有用的数据组成。
一个系统是为了达成一个共同的目的共同操作的一组元件。
因此一个管理信息系统收集，传送，处理，储存，而且在组织资源、程序表和成就上储存数据。
系统进入经营信息之内为这些数据做合理的变换为决策者在组织里面的使用。
因此，一个管理信息系统提供支持组织管理职能的信息。
一、基本的概念1、数据和信息的比较数据提供未加工的、不被评估的事实数据、符号、物件、事件等等。
数据可能是一个在于储存事实的集合物件，像一个电话目录或者实施统计调查记录。
信息是那些已经进入一个有意义的，有用的背景而且传达到一个使用它做出决断的接受人的数据。
信息涉及智慧或知识的交流和接受。
它评价而且通知，吃惊而且刺激，减少不确定，现实另外可供选择的方案或者帮助去除无关的或者没用的信息，还影响人们并且鼓励他们做出行动。
数据的元素在一个特殊的背景下可能构成一条信息；例如，当你想联系你的朋友的时候，他或者她的电话号码就是一条信息；除此之外，它在电话号码薄里仅仅是一个数据的元素。
2、信息的特性好信息的特性是中肯的、时间性、准确性、成本效益、可靠性、可用性、无遗漏和凝聚层次。
如果它引导改良的决策，信息是有关的。
如果它重新确定之前的决定它也是有关的。
如果它对你的问题没有任何帮助那它就是无关的。
例如，如果你在一月考虑去巴黎，那有关巴黎一月的天气情况的信息对你来说就是有关的。
否则，这信息就是无关的。
研究生英语读译教程1--5单元的参考答案
Who was the First Scientist?I.Preview: Definition(略)II.Reading for Specific Informationi.William Gilbertii. science and mathematics; may have never existed; making arguments; Arabic mathematicians; the pinhole camera; rainbows and eclipses; may not be truly modern; force, inertia, and acceleration; telescope(s); observation and experimentation; Cambridge University; a physician; the nature of magnetism; the father of the scientific method; a philosopher; sure experiments and demonstrated arguments; 20 years; directly influenced Galileo; conducting rigorous, repeatable experimentsIII.Reading for Specific Details1. NG,2. F,3. F,4. T,5. F,6. TIV.Identifying and Summarizing Key PointsWilliam Whewell; the mid-16th century / Renaissance; making arguments; mysticism/religious dogma; through observation and experiment; experiment; communicate; without bias; a physician; the nature of magnetism; physical science; making conjectures and philosophical speculations; sure experiments and demonstrated arguments; the cosmos; the scientific method; a philosopher than an experimenter; conducting rigorous, repeatable experimentsV.Translation PracticeGilbert’s discovery was so important to modern physics. He investigated the nature of magnetism and electricity. He even coined the word “electric” and named the ends of a magnet “north pole” and “south pole”. He started the study on the relationship between magnetism and electricity, though sadly he didn’t complete it. His research method was revolutionary in that he used experiments rather than pure logic and reasoning like the ancient Greek philosophers did. It was a new attitude toward scientific investigation. Until then, scientific experiments had not been favored.America’s Lacking Language SkillsI. Search Readingi. Knowing a foreign language have a host of cognitive and academic benefits. And it is a practical skill.II. Reading for Specific Detailsi. 1. It is aimed at garnering more federal support for language education.2. It refers to one of the shortcomings and i nequalities in America’s language education today, that is, the vast majority of language enrollments are in a European language.3. She has learned skills that help her with day job.4. It is because such programs do not require extra materials and teachers for the language instruction5. French and Spanishii. 1. F; 2. T; 3. NG; 4. NG; 5. FIII. Identifying and Summarizing Key Pointslanguage education in America is lacking but it is a need-to-have; budget cuts; language enrollments; language proficiency levels; language courses or going abroad; language proficiency; cognitive and academic benefits; a practical skill; immediate impact on students’ learning; cost-effective; teacher shortages; in a European language; developing programs focusing on non-Western languages; the country is falling behind the rest of the world.IV. Translation Practice教育领域，围绕哪些科目需要优先考虑的问题，存在很多冲突。
TestBank-Ch01
Management Information Systems Test BankChapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today1 True-False Questions1) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, and hiring a new employee are examples of business processes.Answer: TRUE2) A fully digital firm produces only digital goods or services.Answer: FALSE3) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUE4) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the software and business processes needed.Answer: FALSE5) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUE6) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, whereas computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSE7) The dimensions of information systems are management, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUE8) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the hierarchy and culture of the company.Answer: TRUE9) Business processes are logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSE10) There are four major business functions: Sales and marketing; manufacturing and production; finance and accounting; and information technology.Answer: FALSE11) A substantial part of management responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and information.Answer: TRUE12) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems.Answer: TRUE13) Government and private sector standards are examples of complementary social assets required to optimize returns from IT investments.Answer: TRUE14) A firm that invests in efficient business processes is making an investment in organizational complementary assets.Answer: TRUE15) The behavioral approach to information systems focuses on changes in attitudes, management and organizational policy, and behavior.Answer: TRUE2 Multiple-Choice Questions1) The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage; operational excellence; andA) improved flexibility. B) improved decision making.C) improved business practices. D) improved efficiency.Answer: B2) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective ofA) survival. B) improved business practices.C) competitive advantage. D) improved flexibility.Answer: A3) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage: (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real time?A) 1 only B) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3 D) 1, 2, and 3Answer: D4) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to supportA) decision making and control in an organization.B) communications and data flow.C) managers analyzing the organization's raw data.D) the creation of new products and services.Answer: A5) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations areA) information retrieval, research, and analysis.B) input, output, and feedback.C) input, processing, and output.D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.Answer: C6) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples ofA) raw input. B) raw output.C) customer and product data. D) sales information.Answer: A7) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example ofA) input. B) raw data.C) meaningful information. D) feedback.Answer: C8) OutputA) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information.B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage.C) transfers data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.Answer: D9) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is calledA) capturing. B) processing.C) organizing. D) feedback.Answer: B10) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is calledA) information systems literacy.B) information systems architecture.C) management information systems.D) information technology infrastructure.Answer: C11) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called itsA) culture. B) environment.C) atmosphere. D) values.Answer: A12) Networking and telecommunications technologies, along with computer hardware, software, data management technology, and the people required to run and manage them, constitute an organization'sA) data management environment. B) networked environment.C) IT infrastructure. D) information system.Answer: C13) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a central purpose of which main business function?A) manufacturing and accounting B) finance and accountingC) sales and manufacturing D) finance and salesAnswer: B14) In a business hierarchy, the level that is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business isA) middle management. B) service workers.C) production management. D) operational management.Answer: D15) Which of the following are environmental actors that interact with an organization and its information systems?A) customers B) suppliersC) regulatory agencies D) all of the aboveAnswer: D16) A corporation that funds a political action committee, which in turn promotes and funds a political candidate who agrees with the values of that corporation, could be seen as investing in which main category of complementary assets?A) managerial B) governmentalC) social D) organizationalAnswer: C17) An example of an organizational complementary asset isA) using the appropriate business model.B) a collaborative work environment.C) laws and regulations.D) all of the above.Answer: A18) An example of a social complementary asset isA) technology and service firms in adjacent markets.B) training programs.C) distributed decision-making rights.D) all of the above.Answer: A19) Disciplines that contribute to the technical approach to information systems are:A) computer science, engineering, and networking.B) operations research, management science, and computer science.C) engineering, utilization management, and computer science.D) management science, computer science, and engineering.Answer: B20) Sociologists study information systems with an eye to understandingA) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm.D) the production of digital goods.Answer: A21) Psychologists study information systems with an eye to understandingA) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm.D) the production of digital goods.Answer: B22) Which of the following are key corporate assets?A) intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assetsB) production technologies and business processes for sales, marketing, and financeC) knowledge and the firm's tangible assets, such as goods or servicesD) time and knowledgeAnswer: A23) A firm that must invest in new information systems capabilities in order to comply with federal legislation can be said to be investing to achieve which business objective?A) customer intimacy B) operational excellenceC) survival D) improved reportingAnswer: C24) Which field of study focuses on both a behavioral and technical understanding of information systems?A) sociology B) operations researchC) economics D) management information systemsAnswer: D25) The three principle levels within a business organization hierarchy areA) senior management, operational management, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) senior management, operational management, and information systems.D) senior management, middle management, and service workers.Answer: B26 ) Which main business function is responsible for maintaining employee records?A) sales and marketing B) human resourcesC) finance and accounting D) manufacturing and productionAnswer: B27) The shared information technology resources for the organization are called its:A) MIS plan. B) operational networkC) IT infrastructure D) business infrastructureAnswer: C28) Promoting the organ ization’s products and services is a business function of:A) manufacturing and production B) finance and accountingC) human resources D) sales and marketingAnswer:D29) A broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers is called:A) computer literacy B) technology literacy.C) management literacy D) information systems literacy.Answer: D30) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called:A) capturing B) processing.C) controlling D) feedback.Answer: B3 Fill in the Blanks1) A(n) ________ is one where nearly all significant business processes and relationships are managed through digital means.Answer: digital firm2) ________ refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized.Answer: Business processes3) A ________ describes how a company produces, delivers and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: business model4) A(n) ________ is composed of interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.Answer: information system5) ________ is data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful to human beings.Answer: Information6) To fully understand information systems, you must understand the broader , management and technology dimensions of system.Answer: Feedback7) A(n) ________ refer to broader understanding of information systems, which encompasses an understanding of the management and organizational dimensions as well as the technical dimensions of systems.Answer: information systems literacy8) In a(n) ________ perspective, the performance of a system is optimized when both the technology and the organization mutually adjust to one another until a satisfactory fit is obtained.Answer: sociotechnical9) ________ makes long-range strategic decisions about the firm's products and services.Answer: Senior management10) ________ refer to those assets required to derive value from a primary investment. Answer: Complementary assets4 Essay Questions1) Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today?Answer: Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence without extensive use of IT is inconceivable, and IT plays a critical role in increasing productivity.Six reasons why information systems are so important for business today include:(1) Operational excellence(2) New products, services, and business models(3) Customer and supplier intimacy(4) Improved decision making(5) Competitive advantage(6) Survival2) What exactly is an information system?Answer: We can define information systems from both a technology and a business perspective.Technology perspective: An information system is a set of interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. Business Perspective: An information system represents an organizational and management solution based on information technology, to a challenge or problem posed by the environment.3) List and describe the organizational, management, and technology dimensions of information systems.Answer:•Organization: The organization dimension of information systems involves issues such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.•Management: The management dimension of information systems involves setting organizational strategies, allocating human and financial resources, creating new products and services and re-creating the organization if necessary.•Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology.4) Describe the sociotechnical perspective on information systems.Answer: A sociotechnical perspective combines the technical approach and behavior approach to achieve optimal organizational performance. Technology must be changed and designed to fit organizational and individual needs and not the other way around. Organizations and individuals much also change through training, learning, and allowing technology to operate and prosper.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
信息管理专业英语教程
n.拍卖vt.拍卖
bid
[bid]
vt.出价,投标
Phrases
information technology aim at supply chain management World Wide Web depend on according to wade through sth data warehouse change over credit card data mining
confidential [kCnfi5denFEl] adj.秘密的,机密的
cart
[kB:t]
n.大车,手推车vt.用车装载
payment [5peimEnt]
n.付款,支付
authorization [7C:WErai5zeiFEn]
n.授权,认可
encompass [in5kQmpEs] v.包含,包括
v.耽搁,延迟,延期,迟滞
arena
[E5ri:nE]n.竞技场,舞台
submission [sEb5miFEn] n.提交,呈递
intranet [intrE5net]
n.内联网
restrict
[ris5trikt]
vt.限制,约束,限定
password [5pB:swE:d] n.密码,口令
auction [5C:kFEn]
n.活动
New Words
acceptance [Ek5septEns] n.接受,承诺,容忍,赞同,相信
onwards [5CnwE:dz]
adv.向前地,在先地
mining
[5mainiN]
n.采矿,矿业,挖掘
era
[5iErE]
n.时代,纪元,时期
七年级上册英语书人教版教案.doc
七年级上册英语书人教版教案教案设计的好，上课的时候能够事半功倍哦。
教案是七年级上册英语备课的集中表现，备课是写七年级上册英语教案的基础，两者密不可分。
人教版七年级上册英语教案(一)unit 1 my names gina.单元整体说明单元教材分析本单元继续围绕“结交新朋友”使学生学会打招呼和介绍自己、询问他人姓名的基本句型：“whats your/his/her name?my/his/her name is ”;通过学习区分first/last nam e”了解有关姓名的文化知识;通过查询电话号码“whats your/her/his phone number?”，学习数字1~9，同时也进一步促进学生之间的相互了解;通过以上几个方面的学习，使学生在轻松、愉快的学习氛围中熟识新伙伴。
本单元与第二单元衔接紧密：由课堂内的打招呼、自我介绍到课外、校外相互了解。
由特殊疑问句的学习到一般疑问句的学习，使学生将书本知识运用到实际生活中。
单元知识系统(树)whats your/his/her name?--- my/his/her name is .whats your/her/his phone number?--- its 5352375first /family /last name my/ your/her/his单元总体目标运用practicing, listening for specific information的学习策略，引导学生学会打招呼和介绍自己、询问他人姓名、查询电话号码的基本句型;了解有关姓名的文化知识;学习特殊疑问句及my/ your/her/his等物主代词的用法。
单元教学重难点一览重点难点1.复习词汇clock ball bag cap key book ruler hello hi name nice meet2.词汇your/her/his first/last zero one two three four five six seven eight nine phone number family3.句型whats your/his/her name?---my/his/her name is .whats your/her/his phone number? ---its 5352375 语法焦点在于my/your/her/ his等物主代词的用法。
ProSystem fx Engagement到Workpapers CS数据转换信息Kit说明书
Information Kit for Conversions from ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpapers CSThis document provides information about the data converted from ProSystem fx® Engagement to Workpapers CS™.ContentsWhat to expect from the data conversion (2)Conversion considerations and recommendations (2)Installing the conversion program (2)Converting the client data before import into Workpapers CS (2)Data transferred during conversion (4)Chart of Accounts and balances (4)Grouping schedules (5)Transactions (5)Engagement-related data transferred during conversion (6)Engagement information (6)Folder information (7)Workpaper information (7)ProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word demographic formulas (7)ProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word link formulas (8)Conversion notes and exceptions (8)Items not converted (8)Data Conversion Report (9)Getting help (9)Help & How-To Center (9)Product support (9)What to expect from the data conversionThe overall objective of the data conversion from ProSystem fx Engagement is to provide accurate, comprehensive Workpapers CS data to help you move forward with Workpapers CS.Important!Due to differences between applications, some data must be modified during the conversion process and some data cannot be converted. Additions and/or modifications may be required to exactly duplicate engagement and workpaper information in Workpapers CS after the conversion.Conversion considerations and recommendationsPlease review the following before beginning the conversion process.▪We recommend that you convert a smaller, easy-to-process client first. This will help you become familiar with the conversion options in Workpapers CS.▪Some data items from ProSystem fx Engagement are not converted because there is no exact equivalent in Workpapers CS.Installing the conversion programClick this link to download a ZIP file and install the ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpapers CS conversion utility.Converting the client data before import into Workpapers CS Important! When you convert large or complex sets of engagement files for a ProSystem fx Engagement client, you should allow a significant amount of time for the conversion and import. Please wait for the process to be completed before converting another client.After installing the ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpaper CS conversion program, use the following steps to create the converted data files for import into Workpaper CS.The conversion process does not modify existing client data in ProSystem fx Engagement. However, we strongly recommend that you create a backup of the original client before you process any clients.1. Verify that the ProSystem fx Engagement binder has been synchronized with the Local File Roomand that any instances of this binder or workpapers are closed on your workstation.2. To start the conversion program, right-click the CS Data Conversions icon on your desktop andchoose Run as Administrator. If you did not install the shortcut, click Start on the Windows taskbar and then choose All Programs > CS Professional Suite > CS Data Conversions.3. In the Select competitor field, select ProSystem fx from the drop-down list.4. In the Select the export location for the converted files field, click the Browse button to browse to thelocation where the import files should be placed until imported into WorkpaperCS.5. Click Start conversion.6. If prompted to close all open sessions of Word® and Excel®, close those sessions.7. If prompted to select your user, select the login for the Local File Room for which you want to convertdata. This dialog will open only if multiple logins exist on the workstation.8. In the Processing Type dialog, click either Single or Multiple. Single converts just one client at a timeand allows for greater customization. Multiple allows for multiple clients, but the application makes more assumptions about the clients during the conversion.9. In the Select a Client dialog or Select client(s) dialog, select the client(s) you want to convert, andclick Continue.Note: This dialog lists all available clients for conversion from ProSystem fx Engagement. Yourselection of Single or Multiple in step 8 determines whether you can select one or multiple clients. 10. In the Engagement selection dialog, which lists all of the binders / engagements for the selectedclient(s), select an engagement type for each binder you want to convert, and then click Continue. 11. If you selected a single conversion, an optional Trial Balance selection dialog may open if multipleTrial Balances existed in ProSystem fx Engagement. Workpapers CS supports only one Trial Balance per engagement. Select the desired Trial Balance.If you selected multiple conversions, the last accessed Trial Balance will be used.12. Click Continue.13. In the Account classification selection dialog, select the ProSystem fx Engagement group thatcontains the account classification you want to use in Workpaper CS.Note: If you click Skip, the program will not convert any Account Classifications for the Trial Balance Accounts.14. In the Tax group selection dialog, select the set of tax codes to convert for your Trial Balance.If you selected multiple conversions, the last tax year will be used.15. Click Continue to begin the data conversion process, and then follow the prompts that appear on thescreen.16. At the prompt indicating the conversion process is complete, click OK to begin importing theconverted data into Workpapers CS.17. In Accounting CS, choose File > Import > ProSystem fx Engagement to open the ProSystem fxEngagement conversion wizard.18. Source Data: Select the location where your ProSystem fx Engagement export files are stored andclick Next.19. Source Data - Clients: Mark the checkbox next to the ProSystem fx Engagement client—or multipleclients—that you want to convert, and then click Next.20. Staff: Select the Accounting CS Workpapers staff member—or multiple staff members—to map to foreach corresponding ProSystem fx Engagement staff in the list.Note:If the appropriate staff member is not available from the drop-down list in the Accounting CS Staff column, exit the wizard and add that staff member in the Setup > Firm Information > Staffscreen, and then restart the conversion process.21. Click Finish to complete the conversion.Data transferred during conversionThe following tables detail the ProSystem fx Engagement data that converts to Workpapers CS.Chart of Accounts and balancesProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTrial Balance > Chart ofAccountsActions > Enter Trial BalanceAccount # Account numberDescription DescriptionReport ReportBudget BudgetProposed PotentialUNADJ Unadjusted Unadjusted balance is convertedonly for the current period.ADJ Adjusted Prior-year and prior-periodbalances only.FTAX Tax Prior-year and prior-periodbalances only.OBAL1 Other Prior-year and prior-periodbalances only.Trial Balance > AccountGroupings > Tax CodeAccount GroupingTax Code Tax Code Tax codes and tax codeassignments for clients with ayear end of 2012 or later.menu navigation andfield namenavigation and field name informationTrial Balance > AccountGroupings > Group AccountGrouping > AdvancedAccClass RatioClass Classification codeClassification subcodeIn ProSystem fx Engagement,classification and ratios are seton a group-by-group basis.During the conversion process,you will be asked from whichgroup we should pullclassification and ratios.Grouping schedulesProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTrial Balance > AccountGroupings > Group AccountGroupingEnter Trial Balance > Account Groupings Account group name GroupingCode CodeCode Description Code DescriptionSubcode SubcodeSubcode Description Subcode DescriptionTransactionsProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTrial Balance > Journal EntrySummaryActions > Enter Transactions JE# ReferenceDescription DescriptionAdditional Distributions (Account, Amount, Description) Distributions (Account, Account Description, Amount)menu navigation andfield namenavigation and field name information Reversing journal entry Auto-reverse next periodType:Adjusting Journal Entries Reclassifying Journal Entries Federal Tax Journal Entries Other Journal Entries1 Proposed Journal Entry Type:AdjustingReclassifyingTaxOtherPotentialJournal entries are posted to thespecific engagement for whichthe entries were intended.Engagement-related data transferred during conversionThe following information is provided to identify ProSystem fx Engagement items that are automatically converted to Workpapers CS items.Engagement informationProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationBinder Properties Engagement PropertiesName Engagement binder name If you convert multiple binders fora single client, the binders musthave a unique name.Type Type You must select the newWorkpapers CS type during theconversion.Entity In the ProSystem fx Engagementconversion, Entity is determinedby the selection on the TaxGroup selection screen. Thisdata is mapped to the Client >Accounting information tab. Period sequence Period FrequencyBinder Index View Binder TreeEngagement tree structure Engagement tree structureFolder informationProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationTab Properties Engagement tree structureIndex # Folder name Index # and Name are combinedto comprise the Workpapers CSfolder name.Name Folder nameWorkpaper informationProSystem fx Engagement menu navigation andfield name Workpapers CS menunavigation and field nameComments and additionalinformationWorkpaper Properties Workpaper PropertiesName NameIndex # ReferenceSign Off: Preparers Preparer You can rename Preparer,Reviewer, and Reviewer 2names in Workpapers CS, ifdesired.Sign Off: 1st Reviewers Reviewer You can rename Preparer,Reviewer, and Reviewer 2names in Workpapers CS, ifdesired.Sign Off: 2nd Reviewers This will depend on staff mappingand whether signoffs are set upin Workpapers CS beforehand. Sign Off Initials Sign Off Initials Initials and date will display underthe signed off heading inWorkpapers CS.ProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word demographic formulasThe following table lists the applicable ProSystem fx Engagement formulas and the equivalent formula variables in Workpapers CS.ProSystem fx EngagementName FunctionsWorkpapers CS VariablesBinder Name Engagement NameBinder Due Date Completion DateBinder Type Engagement TypeProSystem fx EngagementWorkpapers CS VariablesName FunctionsBinder Report Release Date Report Release DateWorkpaper Name Workpaper NameWorkpaper Index Workpaper ReferenceCurrent Period End Current Period DateProSystem fx Engagement Excel and Word link formulasExcel® and Word® link formulas do not convert.Conversion notes and exceptionsThis section details conversion notes and exceptions.▪Engagement tree structure: The order and appearance of the engagement tree structure in Workpapers CS after the conversion may differ from the ProSystem fx Engagement binder. Please note all items are converted to the correct folder locations within the engagement. To providemaximum flexibility, Workpapers CS does not automatically sort folders and workpapers.▪Excel and Word workpaper add-ins, macros, and links: Excel workpapers are modified during the conversion process for removal of add-ins, macros, and/or links.▪Manual workpapers: Manual workpapers are converted as text documents.▪Tax Codes: If UltraTax CS® Tax Codes are desired during the conversion, a translation of ProSystem fx Engagement Tax Codes to UltraTax CS is available. Only one Tax Code Group will convert.▪Workpaper references: Workpapers CS requires that workpapers have reference values.Workpapers without an index value are assigned a reference value during the conversion. You may rename the workpaper reference, if desired. If a duplicate reference exists in a folder, the duplicate references will be renamed.▪Finalized Binders: Finalized binders will be converted as Active unfinalized binders. We recommend that you convert only active / unfinalized binders.Items not convertedThis section details items not converted.▪Workpapers not in a standard binder folder: This includes workpapers within the Unfiled Workpapers, Conflicts, Incompatible Workpapers, Published Workpapers, and Trash folders. To convert these workpapers, you must move the workpapers into a standard binder folder before the conversion process.▪Trial Balance: Consolidated trial balances.▪Firm information▪Client Information▪Engagement and workpaper password information▪Engagement and workpaper history▪Workpaper notes and templates▪Staff▪M3 Tax CodesData Conversion ReportThe data conversion from ProSystem fx Engagement to Workpapers CS creates a report for each engagement converted. The Data Conversion report lists certain modifications made during the conversion process, such as truncations, abbreviations, and so on. Most items in the report are informational and do not require immediate attention.To access the report, locate and open YYYYYY.html, where YYYYYY is the binder name. The report is placed in the user’s Documents folder.Getting helpHelp & How-To CenterFor answers to questions on using Workpapers CS, access the Help & How-To Center by clicking the Help link on the toolbar. For more information, including sample searches, see Finding answers in the Help & How-To Center.Product supportFrom the Support Contact Information page on our website, you can complete a form to send a question to our Support team. For additional product support, visit the Support section of our website. You can also access our Support website from Workpapers CS by choosing Help > Additional Resources > General Support Information.。
信息管理英语教程 第三篇
The information professional（信息专业人士）1、it is not clear exactly when the phrase information professional was first used .现在还不是很清楚信息专业这个习语在什么时候被第一次使用。
it is certainly of recent origin, having begun to gain acceptance in the late 1960s .人们接受它的确切的时间来源是20世界60年代初。
the concept of an information Professional was popularized by the American Society for Information Science during the 1970s, a period of growing awareness of the importance of information to the international community.信息专业这个的概念在20世纪70年代通过美国社会信息科学被推广，信息的重要性在国际社会中日益被重视。
2、Any attempt to understand what is meant information professional must include a number ofconsiderations; 任何试图去理解什么是专业信息必须包括以下一系列的考虑：1）what is meant by a “professional”什么是专业？2) who is and who is not an information professional? How many are there in the job categories identified? Where are they employed? What kind of work do they do？什么是，什么不是信息专业？有多少在工作类型中被识别出来了？在哪里适用？什么样的工作适合？3）what kind of skills do they bring to their jobs? 什么样的技能他们给他们的工作吗?4)where are they educated?他们通过什么得到教育？5）what elements of modern society make their work necessary or important?现代社会的什么元素是的他们的工作具有必要性和重要性？What is professional?3、A professional career implies activity requiring an education at or above the baccalaureate level. Such activity is guided by certain standards. Professionals adhere to standards that may be self-imposed, or be established by a community of individuals who share usually view themselves as such, implying commitment to excellence and adherence to the ethics of the profession. 从事一种专业活动意味着需要本科或本科以上学历。
Sub-skills for reading
c.Quickly, to find all the places the train goes to.
Match the reading sub-skills to the answers from the quiz. ●reading for gist/skimming ●inferring opinion /attitude/mood ●deducing meaning from context ●reading for specific information/scanning ●reading for detail
2020/7/5
5.You are moving into a new neighborhood. You find
some blogs written by people who live in the
neighborhood. You want to know their opinion and
c. Quickly, to get a general idea of the writer's opinion.
Match the reading sub-skills to the answers from the quiz. ●reading for gist/skimming ●inferring opinion /attitude/mood ●deducing meaning from context 2020●/7/5reading for specific information/scanning ●reading for detail
3.A newspaper article you are very interested in contains some words that you do not know the
外研社英语必修二教案
外研社英语必修二教案外研社英语必修二教案【篇一：外研社必修2英语优秀教案】1. lesson plan1.1 background informationjunior or senior sectionteachersize class , gradetime type of lessonteaching1.2 contents vocabulary:words that need to be recognize: court, director, genius, harpsichord, impressed,lose, musical, peasant, piece of music, singer,successful, symphony, talent, teenager.reading: three great composers of the eighteenth century1.3 objectivesby the end of the class, students should be able to:1.3.1 instructional objectives1) recognize and know the pronunciations and meanings ofthe following vocabularies by showing pictures, situations, word-formation rules, chunks, collocation, teacher’s explaini ng and guessing though the context:court, director, genius, harpsichord, impressed, lose, musical, peasant, piece of music, singer,successful, symphony, talent, teenager.2) grasp the key words, understand the main idea of the reading materials ;3.3.2 educational objectives1) strengthen their motivation and interest in learning english through the interesting class activities;2) build up the cooperative spirit by pair working and groupworking;3) talk about some famous composers;4) use the cognitive strategies to learn new words.3.3.3 personal objectivesteacher tries to be more passionate and involved all students in my class.3.4 focal points1) students are able to use the reading skills to grasp the key words, organize information by tables.2) students are able to write a short passage to introduce their favorite musicians.3.5 difficult pointsstudents are able to use the reading skills to gain information and compare the information.3.6 procedures and time allotment3.6.1 getting students ready for learning (3 minutes)step 1 greetingsteacher greets students with simple communication.t: good morning, boys and girls. how are you today?ss: …t: shall we begin our class?ss: yes.3.6.2 revision (2minutes)review what we have learned yesterday.3.6.3 pre-reading (6 minutes)step 1 enjoy a piece of music by beethoven on ppt.step 2 vocabulary presentationteacher shows some pictures about the three great composers of the eighteenth century; at the same time, students learn some new words:court, director, genius, harpsichord,impressed, lose, musical, peasant, piece of music, singer, successful, symphony, talent, teenager.teacher pays some attention to students’ pronunciation. then teacher leads students to the text by asking questions.3.6.4 while-reading (20 minutes)step1 skimming the passage for the main idearead the passage quickly and choose the best title in ex2 on p22---three great austrian composers---three great composers of the eighteenth century---three great child composersstep 2 scanning the passage for specific information read the passage again and answer the questions. which of the composers....1. were born in austria?2. was born in germany?3. had a good singing voice?4. died before his fortieth birthday?5. became deaf?6. met each other?7. had fathers who were musicians?8. had a father who wasn’t a musician?step3 read the passage carefully and fill in the form.about haydn【篇二：外研社高一英语必修二 module 2 教案】 lesson plan practice teacher’s name: ren baiyunteaching date: nov. 28, 2012【篇三：外研版高中英语必修2---module4教案】module fourfine arts-western,chinese and pop artsperiod oneteaching content:introduction; reading and vocabularyteaching important points:1.encourage the students to talk about arts as well as the well-known artists at home and abroad;2.help the students make sense of the whole passage;3.help the students improve their reading ability.teaching difficult points:1.lead the students to talk in class actively;2.deal with some difficult language points.teaching procedures:step 1 lead-in and introduction1.lead-ini think most of us love different kinds of arts and know about some famous artists and famous art works more or less.now let`s list some famous artists and their famous art works at home and abroad,such as:qi baishi and his painting of shrimps,xu beihong and his painting of horses,zheng banqiao and his works of bamboos at home.abroad there are da vinci and his the smile of mona lisa,vincent van gogh and his the sunflowers（《向日葵》）and the starry night（《星夜》）,pablo picasso and cubism(立体主义画派) and so on.this module we`ll talk about the topic-fine arts.first let`s review some words related to it.2.activity1 on p31ask the students to read through the questions and words in this part to understand;explain some of the words if necessary and then ask the students to read out them aloudtogether;if possible ask some students to give their answers to the questions(if not,the questions can be omitted.).3.activity2 on p31read through the given information to understand the requirement and appreciate the paintings by themselves.if possible ask some students to present their answers to the class.[there are no standard answers.students` own answers are ok.] step 2 pre-reading[activity1 on p32]read through the given information to understand and try to match;explain some words if necessary and then ask the class to read out the words together aloud;call back the answers from the students.step 3 reading1.fast readinglet the students scan the passage to get the main idea of each paragraph and try to find out the answers to the questions in activity2 on p32, which are about the topics.the first four paragraphs describe the four paintings and in the last two paragraphs two students talk about their opinions about two of the paintings.then call back the answers./doc/7d7236780.html,nguage points[ref:notes to the text]explain some language points to the students.3.careful readingask the students to read through the passage again carefully to get more details and understand it better.then finish activity3 on p34.call back the answers.step 4 consolidationtime permitting,let the students listen to the tape and follow it quietly to understand the text further.step 5 summary and homework1.summary: summarize what they have learned in this period.2.homework: reading on p88-89 in workbook.appendix: notes to the text1.?that aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life.aim to do sth. 打算做某事，目的是[aim vi. 打算]eg:they are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.we aim to be there around six.我们力争六点钟左右到那里。
Promotion of Access to Information Manual
ENGINEERING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICAPROMOTION OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION MANUAL Compiled in terms of Section 14 of the Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2 of 2000(“PAIA”)ECSA’S CONTACT DETAILSPostal: Private Bag X691, Bruma, 2026Physical: 1st Floor, Waterview Corner, 2 Ernest Oppenheimer AvenueBruma, 2198Telephone: (011) 607-9500Facsimile: (011) 622-9295Email: ****************.zaWeb: www.ecsa.co.zaCONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION 33 2. THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION GUIDE AND HOWTO ACCESS IT3. THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ECSA 44. THE INFORMATION OFFICER OF ECSA 45. RECORDS OF ECSA 56. REQUEST PROCEDURE 66 7. INFORMATION THAT IS READILY AVAILABLE –REQUIRING NO ACCESS REQUEST (SECTION 15 –VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE NOTICE)6 8. MANDATORY PROTECTION OF CERTAINCONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION INTERMS OF SECTION37 OF PAIA7 9. SERVICES AVAILABLE TO MEMBERS OF THE PUBLICAND HOW TO GAIN ACCESS TO THOSE SERVICES7 10. APPEAL AGAINST REFUSAL OF INFORMATION BY THEINFORMATION OFFICER OF ECSA11. SCHEDULES 8SCHEDULE 1 9 SCHEDULE 2 111. INTRODUCTION1.1 Section 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, 1996 (Act No. 108 of1996), stipulates that everyone has the right of access to any information held by theState or any another person provided the information is required for the exercise orprotection of any rights. The Act further stipulates that national legislation must beenacted to give effect to this right.1.2 The Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000 (Act No. 2 of 2000) hereinafterreferred to as “the Act” gives effect to the constitutional right of access to informationheld by any public or private body and required for the exercise or protection of anyrights. The Act details the procedures to be followed when making such request forinformation held either by a public body or private body.1.3 Section 9 of the Act, however, recognizes that such right to access to information issubject to certain justifiable limitations including, but not restricted to:1.3.1 The reasonable protection of privacy;1.3.2 Commercial confidentiality; and1.3.3 Effective, efficient and good governance.1.4 Section 14 of the Act obliges public bodies to compile a Manual to assist a person toobtain access to information held by the public body. The Act also stipulates theminimum requirements with which such a Manual has to comply.1.5 The purpose of this Manual is therefore to inform a person on how to obtain access torecords held by the Engineering Council of South Africa, hereafter referred to as “ECSA”thus giving effect to section 14 of the Act.2. THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION GUIDE AND HOW TO ACCESS IT2.1 Section 10 of PAIA, requires the Human Rights Commission to compile in each officiallanguage, a guide containing such information, in an easily comprehensible form andmanner, as may reasonably be required by a person who wishes to exercise any rightcontemplated in the Act. The guide must be made available by the Human RightsCommission by 31 August 2003.2.2 The South African Human Rights Commission2.2.1 Address:PAIA UnitThe Research and Documentation DepartmentPrivate Bag 2700Houghton, 20412.2.2 Contact details:Telephone number: (011) 484-8300Telefax number: (011) 484-0582Email address: *************.zaWeb-site address: .za3. THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ECSA3.1 VISIONEngineering excellence, transforming the nation.3.2 VALUESProfessional – Conduct beyond reproach to the highest ethical standards underpinnedby quality, timeliness, trust and respect.Accountable – Doing what we commit to do in an environment of trust and respect andbeing answerable for our failures to meet our committed obligations.Collaborative – Working as a team to achieve exceptional results.Transparent –Honest and open communication and sharing of information betweenstakeholders.3.3 STRUCTUREThe Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA) is a statutory body established by theEngineering Profession Act, 46 of 2000 (the EPA). ECSA is one of six Built EnvironmentCouncils. The Council consists of 50 members appointed by the Minister of PublicWorks and is constituted as follows:3.3.1 Thirty registered persons;3.3.2 Ten persons in the service of the State; and3.3.3 Ten members of the public nominated through an open process of publicparticipation.4. THE INFORMATION OFFICER OF ECSAMr Edmund NxumaloExecutive: Regulatory Functions2nd Floor, Waterview Corner2 Ernest Oppenheimer AvenueBruma, 2198.Email: ****************.za5. RECORDS OF ECSAECSA has records on the following (the list is not exhaustive):5.1 Registrations, Continuing Professional Development and Related Forms:5.1.1 Register of all persons registered in terms of the EPA.5.1.2 Registration requirements and Procedures.5.1.3 Personal files of all registered persons.5.1.4 Prescribed forms.5.2 Finance:5.2.1 Copies of cheques and orders.5.2.2 Audited financial statements.5.2.3 Cash books and reconciliation statements.5.2.4 General Ledgers.5.2.5 Trial Balances.5.2.6 Bank Statements.5.2.7 EFT files for transfers.5.2.8 Deposit slips, where applicable.5.2.9 Registered Persons statements of account.5.2.10 Statutory returns.5.2.11 Contracts.5.2.12 Receipt Books.5.2.13 Payment vouchers.5.2.14 Budgets.5.2.15 Minutes of the Audit Committee and Finance and Staff Committee.5.3 Governance and Administration:5.3.1 Agendas and Minutes of Council and Committee Meetings.5.3.2 Operational procedures.5.3.3 Contracts between ECSA and third parties.5.3.4 Memoranda of Understanding between ECSA and third parties.5.3.5 Correspondence between ECSA and third parties.5.4 Support Services:5.4.1 Tender submissions.5.5 Communication and Marketing:5.5.1 Annual Reports.5.5.2 Media Statements.5.5.3 Newsletters.5.5.4 E-Bulletin.5.5.5 Documentation on Engenius.5.6 Human Resources (ECSA Personnel):5.6.1 Human resource policies.5.6.3 Personnel files.5.7 Regulation of the Profession:5.7.1 Information gathered in the investigation of complaints.5.7.2 Investigation reports.5.7.3 Records of all investigations of alleged unprofessional conduct.5.7.4 Code of Conduct.5.7.5 Method of Inquiry.5.7.6 Charge Sheets.5.7.7 Sanctions published in the Government Gazette.6. REQUEST PROCEDURE6.1 Access to the records of ECSA may be requested by:6.1.1 Completing the prescribed request form contained in Schedule 1 to this Manual;6.1.2 Paying the prescribed fee as stated in Schedule 2 to this Manual; and6.1.3 Delivering the request form and applicable payment to the Information Officer ofECSA.6.2 Any requester who is aggrieved by the decision of the Information Officer to refuseaccess to a record may appeal in writing against the decision to the Chief ExecutiveOfficer of ECSA within 60 (sixty) days of the Information O fficer’s decision.6.3 Any requester who is aggrieved by the decision of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) onappeal may apply to a competent court for appropriate relief as contemplated in Section78 of the Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2 of 2000.RMATION THAT IS READILY AVAILABLEAll information on the ECSA website is freely available.8.MANDATORY PROTECTION OF CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IN TERMS OFSECTION 37 OF PAIA AND CLASSIFIED AS SUCH.8.1 Reports produced by registered persons appointed to investigate cases of potentialimproper conduct by a registered person.8.2 Referee reports for purposes of registration.8.3 Council and Committee minutes and records.8.4 Information held in the Registration, Continuous Professional Education (CPD),Educational Qualifications, Investigations and related files in respect of personsregistered with ECSA.8.5 Any other information which in Council’s view is confidential.9.SERVICES AVAILABLE TO MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC (and how to gain access tothose services)ECSA is a statutory body and does not offer general services to the public. However a member of the public may at any time:9.1 Ascertain the registration status, category and engineering discipline of registeredpersons.9.2 Lodge a complaint against registered persons for investigation of potential breach of theCode of Conduct.10. APPEAL AGAINST REFUSAL OF INFORMATION BY THE INFORMATION OFFICER10.1 If a request for information in terms of PAIA had been refused by the InformationOfficer, the requester may, within 60 days and in the prescribed form and againstpayment of the prescribed appeal fee, lodge an internal appeal against the decision ofthe Information Officer in accordance with the provisions of Section 75 of PAIA. If aninternal appeal is lodged after expiry of the prescribed period, the CEO may, subjectto good and reasonable cause being shown, condone such late lodging subject tosubmission of an affidavit containing reasons for late submission. Such an appeal willbe heard by the CEO.10.2 When deciding on an internal appeal, the CEO may confirm the original decision beingappealed, or substitute a new decision in its place. This decision will be made within30 days of receipt by the CEO of the appeal and notice will be given to all partiesconcerned. The notice will state reasons for the decision, but will exclude anyreference to the content of the record being requested. It will also state that theappellant, third party or requester, as the case may be, may lodge an application witha court against the decision on this internal appeal within 30 days of such a decision.The application to court procedure is set out in the Promotion of Access to InformationAct under Part 4, Chapter 2.10.3 If the internal appeal is upheld, the CEO will immediately give the requester access tothe record concerned.10.4 If the CEO fails to give notice of a decision on an internal appeal to the appellantwithin the 30-day period, then, for purposes of PAIA, this appeal is regarded as havingbeen dismissed.11.SCHEDULESThe following schedules form part of this Manual:Schedule 1: Application for Access to Information.Schedule 2: Prescribed Fee Scales.Schedule 1Application for Access to InformationENGINEERING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA (ECSA)Please note that ECSA has policies governing routine requests and you should first approach ECSA’s Information Officer if your request is routine, (see Item 7 of ECSA’s manual). The privacy of Council and Committee members and personnel will be protected. You may be requested to complete this form which may be directed to the Information Officer if the request is considered non-routine.PLEASE RETURN THIS FORM TO THE INFORMATION OFFICERThe following information will be needed by ECSA to process your request and you are requested to provide as much information as you can to facilitate our processing of your application. Please provide contact details within the Republic of South Africa.1. Contact detailsName: IdentityNumber:Postal Address: CodeFax number:E-mail address:Date of request:2. Access request (please use a separate sheet if required. – all additional sheets must besigned):2.1 Description of the information required. Please provide enough information, includingreference number if known to you, so that we are able to identify the particular record towhich you are requesting access.2.2 Please specify the nature of the access you require. Note that where necessary we willcharge for the service and for copies.2.3 Fees2.4 Please specify the right you want to exercise or protect by requesting this access andexplain why access to this information will enable you to exercise or protect that right.2.5 We will notify you of the outcome of our decision as soon as we are able to do so – wewill send the notification to the above postal address. Please stipulate with reasons ifyou require the outcome of our decision to be communicated in any other way.Signature: __________________________________________(In accordance with Government Gazette Notice No. R187 of 15 February 2002)Schedule 2Prescribed Fee ScalesENGINEERING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA (ECSA)Part II of Notice 187 in the Government Gazette on the 15th February 2002 Fees in respect of Public Bodies.1. The fee for a copy of the manual as contemplated in regulation 5(c) is R0, 60 for everyphotocopy of an A4-size page or part thereof.2. The fees for reproduction referred to in regulation 7(1) are as follows:R(a) For every photocopy of an A4-sized page or part thereof 0,60(b) For every printed copy of an A4-size page or part thereof heldon a computer or in an electronic or machine-readable form 0,40(c) For a copy in a computer-readable form on:(i) Stiffy disc 5,00(ii) compact disc 40,00(d) (i) For a transcription of visual images, for an A4-sizepage or part thereof 22,00 (ii) For a copy of visual images 60,00(e) (i) For a transcription of an audio record, for an A4-size page or part thereof 12,00 (ii) For a copy of an audio record 17,003. The request fee payable by every requester, other than a personal requester, referred to inregulation 7(2) is R35, 00.4. The access fees payable by a requester referred to in regulation 7(3) are as follows:R1 (a) For every photocopy of an A4-sized page or part thereof 0,60(b) For every printed copy of an A4-size page or part thereof0,40held on a computer or in an electronic or machine-readableform(c) For a copy in a computer-readable form on:(i) Stiffy disc 5,00(ii) compact disc 40,00(d) (i) For a transcription of visual images, for an A4-size pageor part thereof 22,00 (ii) For a copy of visual images 60,00(e) (i) For a transcription of an audio record, for an A4-size page or part thereof 12,00(ii) For a copy of an audio record 17,00(f) To search for and prepare the record for disclosure, R15.00 for each hour orpart of an hour or part of an hour, excluding the first hour, reasonably required5. The actual postage is payable when a copy of a record must be posted to a requester.。
如何了解信息英文作文范文
如何了解信息英文作文范文英文回答：To comprehend information effectively, it is crucial to engage in active reading strategies and employ critical thinking skills. Here are some essential tips to enhance your understanding:Preview the Material: Begin by skimming the text or document to get an overview of its structure, headings, and key concepts. This preliminary scan will provide contextand make subsequent reading more purposeful.Read Actively: Engage with the text by highlighting important points, annotating with questions or comments,and summarizing sections as you proceed. This active participation aids in comprehension and retention.Ask Questions: As you read, raise questions about the information presented. Inquiring about clarity, connections,and implications will deepen your understanding and foster a critical mindset.Connect to Prior Knowledge: Relate the new information to your existing knowledge base. Making connections helps you integrate and solidify concepts, enhancing comprehension.Summarize and Recall: Periodically pause to summarize what you have read in your own words. Recalling the information in different settings, such as writing summaries or explaining to others, further strengthens your understanding.Engage in Discussions: Discuss the information with peers, teachers, or experts. Exchanging perspectives and engaging in dialogue can clarify concepts, identify gaps, and expand your understanding.Use Technology: Utilize online resources and tools to supplement your learning. Search engines, dictionaries, and online forums can provide additional information,definitions, and alternative viewpoints.Seek Clarification: Do not hesitate to ask for help if you encounter difficulties or uncertainties. Seeking clarification from teachers, peers, or online support forums demonstrates your commitment to understanding and prevents misunderstandings.中文回答：1. 预览材料。
信息技术应用计划英语
信息技术应用计划英语英文回答：Information Technology Application Plan.Introduction.Information technology (IT) plays a vital role in driving efficiency, productivity, and innovation across various industries. Organizations today rely heavily on IT systems to manage their operations, enhance customer interactions, and gain a competitive advantage. To ensure the successful implementation and utilization of IT resources, a comprehensive Information Technology Application Plan (ITAP) is essential.Purpose of an IT Application Plan.The primary purpose of an ITAP is to provide a roadmap for the deployment and management of IT applications withinan organization. It defines the strategic objectives, key performance indicators (KPIs), implementation timeline, and resource requirements for IT projects. The plan serves as a guide for decision-makers, ensuring alignment between IT initiatives and the organization's overall business goals.Key Components of an IT Application Plan.Executive Summary: Provides a concise overview of the plan, including its purpose, scope, and key objectives.Business Case: Outlines the business need for the IT project, its expected benefits, and the return on investment (ROI).Technical Design: Describes the architecture, infrastructure, and technical specifications of the IT application.Implementation Plan: Details the steps and timelines for implementing the IT application, including resource allocation, testing, and deployment.Governance and Maintenance: Outlines the processes for monitoring, managing, and maintaining the IT application after implementation.Benefits of an IT Application Plan.An effective ITAP brings numerous benefits to organizations, including:Improved alignment of IT initiatives with business objectives.Enhanced efficiency and productivity through streamlined processes.Reduced costs by eliminating redundant systems and optimizing resources.Improved customer satisfaction through enhanced service delivery.Increased competitiveness through innovative technology solutions.Steps for Developing an IT Application Plan.1. Define Business Objectives: Establish the specific business goals that the IT application is intended to achieve.2. Identify User Requirements: Gather input from stakeholders and end-users to determine their specific needs and requirements.3. Evaluate Existing Systems: Assess current IT systems and identify areas for improvement or replacement.4. Select IT Solution: Research and evaluate different IT applications that meet the business requirements.5. Develop Implementation Plan: Outline the steps, timelines, and resource allocation for implementing the IT application.6. Monitor and Evaluate: Establish metrics to track the progress and success of the IT application and make necessary adjustments.中文回答：信息技术应用计划。
会计信息质量要求 英文
会计信息质量要求英文Accounting information is the foundation of thefinancial system. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure that this information meets specific quality standards to guarantee its reliability and usefulness to stakeholders. In this article, we will discuss the requirements for accounting information quality.Step 1: RelevanceThe first requirement is for the information to be relevant. This means that the data provided must be material in making economic decisions by users. The information must pertain to the subject at hand and must be timely enough for it to be useful.Step 2: ReliabilityThe next requirement for accounting information isreliability. This means that the information must be free from errors or biases that would otherwise prevent it from being trustworthy. The data must also be verifiable, meaning that it must be possible to confirm the accuracy of the information.Step 3: UnderstandabilityThe third requirement for accounting information is that it must be understandable. The data must be presented in a manner that can be comprehended by users who are notfinancial experts. This means that the information provided must be clear, concise, and contextualized.Step 4: ComparabilityThe fourth requirement for accounting information iscomparability. This means that the information provided must enable users to compare and contrast with other periods,similar entities or industries, and other forms of accounting information.Step 5: ConsistencyThe fifth requirement for accounting information is consistency. This means that the information provided must be consistent over time, so that users can make meaningful comparisons and decisions based on the information they receive.In conclusion, the quality of accounting information is imperative to stakeholders in a financial system. For this information to be useful, it must meet specific requirements, including relevance, reliability, understandability, comparability, and consistency. By meeting these requirements, accounting information can be an essential tool for decision-making in the financial industry.。
英文传真商务信函格式范文(热门7篇)
英文传真商务信函格式范文第1篇商务信函写作格式，署名即写信人签名，通常写在结尾后另起一行(或空一、二行)的偏右下方位置。
以单位名义发出的商业信函，署名时可写单位名称或单位内具体部门名称，也可同时署写信人的姓名。
重要的商业信函，为郑重起见，也可加盖公章。
英文商务信函的书信格式top part of a business letter日期：date: 23 december地址：mr. james greensales managerbbb plc55-60 old st, london e6 6hg称谓：dear mr. green (dear gentlemen, dear sir, dear sirs, dear madam)body part of a business letter标题(可以不要)3. look at the two endings of business letter below. notice the useful phrases that are used in these letters.(1)please let me know if this is convenience.i look forward to hearing from you.best wishesyours sincerely,(signature)ms. gillian janespersonnel nanager(2)please phone us to confirm the details.we look forward to receiving your comments.yours faithfully(signature)for ms. gillian jonespersonnel manager中文商务信函的写作格式如同一般信函，商业信文一般由开头、正文、结尾、署名、日期等5个部分组成。
信息报告制度英文
Information Reporting SystemThe Information Reporting System is a crucial component of any organization’s operational framework. It is an established protocol for the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of information to facilitate the process of decision-making across all levels of an organization.Importance of Information Reporting SystemAn effective Information Reporting System provides organizations with a strategic advantage in their decision-making processes. It allows organizations to keep track of their progress and identify any areas where they may need to make changes to their operations. Decision-makers rely on the data and information presented in these reports to make informed judgments. Without an effective reporting system, organizations run the risk of making decisions based on incomplete or inaccurate information.The reporting system helps in detecting issues early, enabling organizations to mitigate potential risks and avoid any detrimental effects on their activities. It also helps in identifying opportunities for growth and development, which are critical to an organization’s success. Reporting regularly on progress made towards organizational objectives provides a basis for assessing performance and accountability.Elements of the Information Reporting SystemThe Information Reporting System comprises specific components that together ensure its effectiveness. These include:Collecting DataData is typically the raw material that forms the foundation of a report. The data must be collected in a structured and systematic manner to enable it to be analyzed and transformed into valuable information. The data collection process may be manual, automated, or a combination of both.Analyzing DataOnce data has been collected, it must be analyzed using statistical and other analytical methods. This process helps in identifying patterns, trends, and anomalies that can have significant implications for the organization’s operations.Presentation of DataThe data analyzed is then presented in a standardized format, typically in the form of a report that can be used by decision-makers across the organization. Thereport should contain relevant information that decision-makers can use to make informed choices.Dissemination of InformationThe final phase of the Information Reporting System involves disseminating the information to decision-makers in the organization. This may take the form of regular reports, dashboards, and scorecards that can be accessed by staff across the organization.ConclusionThe Information Reporting System is crucial to the success of any organization. It provides a framework for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information that is critical to decision-making to facilitate the growth and development of the organization. Organizations that value accurate and timely information will find the implementation of an effective and efficient reporting system a worthwhile investment.。
确认信息英语作文初中
确认信息英语作文初中下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I received a message from my friend yesterday. She asked me to confirm some information for her. She wanted to know if I could attend her birthday party next week. I immediately replied to her message, expressing my excitement and confirming my attendance. I told her that I would be there without a doubt and that I couldn't wait to celebrate her special day with her.In another message, my classmate asked me about the due date for our science project. I quickly responded, informing him that the project was due next Monday. I also reminded him of the specific requirements and suggestedthat we should start working on it as soon as possible to ensure its quality. I assured him that I would do my best to contribute to the project and asked if he needed any help.Later, I received an email from my teacher, asking for confirmation of my participation in a school event. Shewanted to know if I would be available to perform a dance routine during the event. I was thrilled to receive the invitation and promptly replied, expressing my gratitude and confirming my participation. I assured her that I had been practicing diligently and that I would be ready to showcase my skills on the day of the event.In a text message, my cousin asked me if I could lend him some money. He explained that he was facing a financial emergency and needed immediate assistance. I sympathized with his situation and replied, offering my support. I assured him that I would be happy to help him out and asked him to let me know the amount he needed. I also reminded him that he could count on me anytime he needed assistance.Recently, I received a phone call from a company representative, asking me to confirm my reservation for a hotel room. I thanked the representative for reaching out and confirmed my reservation. I also took the opportunity to inquire about the amenities and services provided by the hotel. The representative was helpful and provided me with all the necessary information, ensuring that my stay wouldbe comfortable and enjoyable.In conclusion, confirming information is an important aspect of communication. Whether it is confirming attendance to an event, project deadlines, participation in activities, financial support, or hotel reservations, it is crucial to respond promptly and clearly. By doing so, we can maintain strong relationships, avoid misunderstandings, and ensure that everything goes smoothly.。
HDMI数据格式及解析
21 Maximum Horizontal Image Size (in centimeters).
22 Maximum Vertical Image Size (in centimetres).
23 Display Gamma. Divide by 100, then add 1 for actual value.
24 Power Management and Supported Feature(s):
7 standby
6 suspend
5 active-off/low power
4 Display type:
00=monochrome, 01=RGB colour, 10=non RGB multicolour, 11=undefined
56: 0
57: Block type
FFh=Monitor Serial Number, FEh=ASCII string, FDh=Monitor Range Limits, FCh=Monitor name,
FBh=Colour Point Data, FAh, Standard Timing Data, F9h=Currently undefined,
61: high significant bits for Vertical Active (4 upper bits)
high significant bits for Vertical Blanking (4 lower bits)
62: Horizontal Sync Offset (in pixels)
Hdmi edid 数据解析
信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结
Lesson1distributed applications 分布式应用程序competitive advantage 竞争优势data warehouses 数据仓库incompatible databases 不兼容数据库decision support systems 决策支持系统executive information systems 执行信息系统DBMS——database management systems 数据库管理系统entry 款目metadata 元数据mainframe computer大型计算机desktop computer台式计算机laptop computer膝上型计算机spreadsheet 电子表格LAN ------local area network 局域网database server 数据库服务器user views 用户视图data security 数据安全性data integrity 数据完整性concurrent user 并发用户data updating 数据更新data redundancy 数据冗余consistency of data and metadata 数据和元数据的一致性distributed database 分布式数据库telecommunications network 远程通讯网Lesson2automatic indexing自动标引human indexing 人工标引extraction indexing 抽词标引assignment indexing赋词标引controlled vocabulary 受控词表non-substantive words 非实意词index terms 标引词automatic stemming 自动抽取词干weight 权值clue words 提示词inverted file 倒排文档absolute frequency 绝对词频relative frequency 相对词频information retrieval 信息检索syntactic criteria 句法规则word string 词串NLDB——Natural Language DataBase 自然语言数据库MAI——machine-aided indexing 机器辅助标引recall ratio 查全率precision ratio 查准率descriptor 叙词thesaurus 叙词表semantic vocabulary 语义词表concept headings 概念标题consistency of indexing 标引的一致性underassignment 欠量赋词overassignment 过量赋词back file 备份文件main heading 主标题subheading 副标题access point 检索点Lesson3machine-readable form 机读形式source document 源文献subject indexing 主题标引back-of-the-book indexing书后标引indexing scheme 标引方案NFAIS——National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services （美国）国家文摘与信息服务联合会scope notes 范围注释permuted list 轮排词表CAS——Chemical Abstracts Service 化学文摘社character set 字符集statistical correlation 统计关联ISI——Institute for Scientific Information （美国）科学情报社co-citation indexing 共引文标引SCI——Science Citation Indexes 科学引文索引SSCI——Social Science Citation Indexes 社会科学引文标引bibliometric analysis 书目计量分析Lesson4performance enhancement 性能改善scarce resources 稀缺资源proxy servers 代理服务器JAVA executables JAV可执行程序source code 源代码streaming media 流媒体outsourcing 业务外包wild card characters 通配符real-time traffic analysis 实时流量分析static web pages 静态网页ISDN——Integrated Services Digital Network 综合服务数据网URL——Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符HTML——Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标识语言CGI——Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口XML——Extension Markup Language 扩展标识语言OR——Operation Record 操作记录IIS——Internet Information Services 网络信息服务Lesson5IR——information retrieval 信息检索search engine spam 搜索引擎垃圾soft computing 软计算data mining 数据挖掘information fusion 信息融合classification 分类clustering 聚类thesaurus construction 词表构建Web page categorization 网页分类JPG——Joint Photographic Experts Group 图像文件格式GIF——Graphics Interchange Format 可交换的图像文件格式PNG——Portable Network Graphic 可移植的网络图像文件格式the WWW Consortium 万维网联盟HTTP——Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议TCP——Transfer Control Protocol 传输控制协议ASCII——American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息互换标准代码CPUCentral Processing Unit 中央处理器Lesson6black－box services 黑箱服务delivering information 传递信息videoconferencing 视频会议cross reference互见，相互参照timeliness 及时性cross check 交叉检查，核对knowledge framework 知识结构Lesson7IP——intellectual property 知识产权electronic holdings of libraries 电子馆藏information infrastructure 信息基础设施copyright 版权patent 专利exclusive right 专有权subsequent editions 后续版本Lesson8encryption technologies 加密技术decrypted digital version 解密数字版本fair use doctrine 公平利用原则authenticity and integrity of the information 信息的可靠性和完整性DMCA——the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 数字千年版权法DVD——digital video diskencyclopedias 百科全书Lesson9CKO——chief knowledge officer 知识主管knowledge sharing 知识共享manual 手册competitive intelligence 竞争情报search engine 搜索引擎artificial intelligence 人工智能drill-down access 深度查询accessibility 可获得性knowledge discovery 知识发现quantitative data 定量数据qualitative data 定性数据virtual warehouses 虚拟(数据)仓库virtual library 虚拟图书馆relational database 关系数据库research and development 研发（研究与开发）directory 指南newsletter 简讯intelligent search agents 智能检索代理information resources 信息资源performance evaluation 性能评价Lesson10CIO——chief information officer信息主管ERP——Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划CRM——Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理Collaborative Applications Environment 协同应用环境workflow package 工作流软件包Lesson11rights of information users 信息用户的权利obligations of information users 信息用户的义务terms and conditions 条款。
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（二）出尔反尔陷阱
比如，让我们去听某人的生日，可没想到说话 人马上又更正说：No. It’s 15th. Not 18th. 留意but， however， although这样的转 折连词
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（三）定位词靠后陷阱
Students need a front door key between _____and ______ . 原文 This door is closed and locked at 8 p. m.， and is opened again at 7 a.m. So you will need the key between those times． 时间，地点，人名，单词拼写，最高级，因 果，转折这些信息，常常是考点，我们听的时候 要多加注意，并适当地做笔记
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（十一）言外之意
比如说在租房过程中房东问来访者愿不愿意和 比人合住，来访者答他要拿学位，需要集中精力 学习，如果和别人和住会有很多干扰。那他的言 外之意是要单人房。
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（十二）复杂国籍陷阱
最常见的就是个人信息填写中的国籍一栏，应 当填写形容词形式，但听力原文一般以名词形式 报出。比如一人在介绍时说自己生在伦敦，而妈 妈是西班牙人，自己后来又到了美国。这时的答 案就应该是英国人。
比如Meal times cannot be changed. 可以说成：No changes should be made to meal times.
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5.加减关系的逻辑替换
如：Every year he is out of London for 7 months. 也就是说： He is in London for 5 months per year.
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（八）信息拆分陷阱
在考试时有时会把一个完整信息拆成两半，在 答题时就要注意综合两方面的信息。 如在面试场景中，面试者介绍经历时说在纽约 住了5年，又在西雅图住了2年。那在美国居住的 时间就应该是前后两个数据的相加。
LOGO（九）信息源自择陷阱LOGOLOGO
例如在讨论旅游携带物品时，一方说要带防晒 霜，水壶，毛衣，另一给建议的人说防晒霜是必 须的，因为会去海滩晒太阳，但水壶太占地方， 而且如果换了是他的话，不会带毛衣会带雨衣。 则最后要带的物件是防晒霜和雨衣。 注意：…should do， decide on， don’t want to 等接出决定的用法及一些表评 价的形容词。这时要分清谁是做决定者，且做决 定的人的语气有一定提示作用。
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（六）时间先后陷阱
例如在租房场景中房东会说这里从前有5个人 住，后来走了两个，所以现在就只有三个人住 了，而题目问的是现在房子里住的人数，答案就 自然应该是3 而不是5了。 例如有健身俱乐部在介绍设施时说现在只有健 身房，将来还会开设游泳馆。题目中问此俱乐部 有什么设施，答案就只能是健身房。 used to， in the past， many years ago ， at present， now，in the future 等一 系列提示时间先后的词。
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Specific Information
听细节需注意的陷阱
（一）同义替换陷阱 所谓替换也就是出现在题目中的关键词和关键 词组不会在你听到的录音中直接出现，而是以同 义或近义的表达来替换出现，这样就对做题人定 位关键词造成了障碍，最常见的替换有：
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1. 同义词或近义词替换
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（七）数值比较陷阱
例如在旅游场景中会说一个旅游团的人数通常 在30人左右，但是在淡季时也会有20人的小 团，而旺季最高会达到40人，考题中问最大的团 几人，就应填40。
考题中经常会出现一连串数据连报的现象，特别是 当数据较多或对数据的解释较难时，引起注意的 词有： minimum， maximum， least， most， up to等。
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（四）密集轰炸陷阱
常出现在考试的三、四部分，为了增加难度， 连续给两个或多个题目的答案。 首先是看清题目，通常如果题目连得紧，答案 亦然，然后，要做好充分的心理准备，随时预备 连续作战。
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（五）部分对应陷阱
出现在选择题的选项中，即出题人故意把录音 中的部分信息作为选项给出，破解这个陷阱的方 法尽量听懂整个句子，而不是仅靠几个单词的对 应去判断。
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（十）主客观混淆陷阱
比如面试官问面试者会呆多久，面试者回答他 一般要在学校学习三年，但是他打算在两年内完 成所有课程。则该学生决定要呆的时间就是2 年。
考题中会出现主观愿望和客观事实的冲突，这 时要注意 usually， common， want to， plan to 等词。
如pressure 和stress 之间的替换， city 和urban， town之间的替换，consult替换 consultation，but 替换however，等等。
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2.同义词组的替换
cope with替换 deal with， because of 替换due to，等等。
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3.主动与被动说法的替换
Population shift has caused this pressure. 换成 This pressure has been caused by population shift.
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4.相近句式的改写替换