1994The American-European ConsensusConference on ARDS

J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, LeGall JR, Morris A, Spragg R, and the Consensus Committee. The American-European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:818-24.
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The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS
Definitions, Mechan来自百度文库sms, Relevant Outcomes, and Clinical Trial Coordination
and the Consensus Committee
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a process of nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema and hypoxemia associated with a variety of etiologies, carries a high morbidity, mortality (10to 90%), and financial cost. The reported annual incidence in the United States is 150,000 cases, but this figure has been challenged, and it may be different in Europe. Part of the reason for these uncertainties are the heterogeneity of diseases underlying ARDS and the lack of uniform definitions for ARDS. Thus, those who wish to know the true incidence and outcome of this clinical syndrome are stymied. The American-European Consensus Committee on ARDS was formed to focus on these issues and on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the process. It was felt that international coordination between North America and Europe in clinical studies of ARDS was becoming increasingly important in order to address the recent plethora of potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of ARDS. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet
(Received in original form June 28, 1993)
This conference report is being simultaneously copublished by Intensive CareMedicineand the Journalof CriticalCare. Copyright is shared by the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical CareMedicine (formerly the American Reviewof Respiratory Disease) and by Intensive CareMedicine. Inquiries about reprints should be directed to the AmericanJournalof Respiratoryand Critical Care Medicine. The Conference was held in Miami, Florida, on May 16, 1992, and in Barcelona, Spain, October 26, 1992.
Co-Chairmen: Gordon R. Bernard, M.D., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, and Antonio Artigas, M.D., Sabadell, Spain. The Consensus Group Committees:
GORDON R. BERNARD, ANTONIO ARTIGAS, KENNETH L. BRIGHAM, JEAN CARLET, KONRAD FALKE, LEONARD HUDSON, MAURICE LAMY, JEAN ROGER LEGALl, ALAN MORRIS, ROGER SPRAGG,
chin Port Royal University Hospital Paris, France; [ordi Mancebo, MD, Barcelona, Spain; Michael Matthay, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Barbara Meyrick, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Didier Payen, Paris, France; Claude Perret, MD, Alpha A. Fowler, MD, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA; Marie-Denise Schaller, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SWitzerland. 3. Riskfactors, prevalence and relevant outcomes of ARDS.Chairpersons: Leonard D. Hudson, M 0, University of Washington, Seattle,WA, and JeanRoger LeGall, Paris, France. Members included Thomas Hyers, MD, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO; William Knaus, MD, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Richard Matthay, MD, Yale University; Michael Pinsky, MD, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 4. Mechanisms of clinical study coordination. Chairpersons: Roger Spragg, MD, University of California, San Diego, CA, and Konrad Falke, Berlin, Germany. Members included Gordon R.Bernard, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Roger C. Bone, MD, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; Carol Bosken, MD, NIH, NHLBI, Division of Lung Diseases, Bethesda, MD (the views of Dr. Bosken are her own and do not necessarily represent those of the NIH/NHLBI); Waldemar G. Johanson, MD, New JerseySchool of Medicine, Newark NJ; Klaus Lewandowski, Berlin, Germany; John Repine, MD, University of Colorado Health SciencesCenter, Webb Waring Institute for Biomedical Research, Denver, CO; Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin, MD, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Spain; Charis Roussos, MD, PhD, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece. Other contributors: Massimo A. Antonelli, MD, University degli Studi, Rome, Italy; Sadek Beloucif, Paris; David Bihari, MD, Guy's Hospital, London, UK; Hilmar Burchardi, M 0, University of Gottingen, Germany; Francois LeMaire, M 0, Paris; Philipe Montravers, Paris;Thomas L. Petty, MD, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO; James Robotham, MD, Baltimore, MD; Warren Zapol, M 0, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Gordon R. Bernard, M 0, Vanderbilt University, Pulmonary &: Critical Care Medicine, T-1219 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650.
1. Definitions and strategies for quantification of ARDSseverity. Chairpersons: Alan Morris, MD, LOS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and Jean Carlet, M 0, St. Joseph's Hospital, Paris, France. Members included Antonio Artigas, MD, Sabadell, Spain; Belghith Cochin, MD, Hospital de Paris, Paris, France; Paul N. Lanken, MD, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Kenneth V. Leeper, MD, University ofTennessee, Memphis, TN; John Marini, MD, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; John F.Murray; MD, University of California, San Francisco, CA; LuisOppenheimer, MD, University of Manitoba, Canada; Antonio Pesenti, MD, University of Milan, Monza, Italy; Lynne Reid, MD, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Jean Rinaldo, MD, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Jesus Villar, MD, University ofToronto, Toronto, Canada. 2. Mechanisms of acute lung injury. Chairpersons: Kenneth L. Brigham, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, and Maurice Lamy, MD, University of Liege, Belgium. Members included B. Sweder van Asbeck, M 0, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands; Jean Francois Dhainaut, M 0, Co-