2013职称英语综合类ABC级完型1-15篇整理版
【VIP专享】2013年职称英语真题答案(综合类、理工类、卫生类仅供参考)
2013职称英语考试答案2013年职称英语真题答案(综合类、理工类、卫生类仅供参考) 2013年职称英语考试落下帷幕，笔者及时整理了2013年职称英语真题答案（A级、B级、C级），由于时间仓促，有不对请指证，相互学习。
预祝大家取得好成绩！2013年职称英语综合类A级答案： 1 Mary has blended... A mixed 2 They agreed to... B change 3 The economy continued...C show 4 A notably short...C remarkably 5 The dentist has...A take ou 6 It is absurd ...A ridiculous 7 A lot of people ... B polluted 8 The room.... C dark 9 The index is the...A measure 10 It’s prudent ...B sensible 11 He is renowned...D well-known 12 You have to be patient ...A maintain 13 She stood there... D shaking 14 Medical facilities ...C improved 15 Mary looked...D exhausted 16 Japan has...A Right 17 Russia was...A Right 18 All African countries...B Wrong 19 The Soviet Union...B Wrong 20 Australia is one...C Not mentioned 21 China did ...A Right 22 Many high ...C Not mentioned 23 Paragraph 2 B Inte2013年职称英语考试综合类B级答案(代码23)：1-20 题21423，22132 ，22113 ，44112， 21-40题 23561 ，52146，23122 ，23144 ，41-65 题 24211 ，65214，22114，33241 ，214222013职称英语考试综合类C级答案(代码33)1-15 BDADB CADBA BDCAA 16-22 ABBCA AC 23-30 AFCAC BEC 31-45 BDACA BBADC BADBC 46-50 CDBFA 51-65 ABDCC CABCD CADCA2013职称英语考试理工类A级答案(代码13)：6-10 AACAB11-15 CADBB 16-20 CABBC 21-25 AACFE 26-30 ABCDE 31-35 DDABC 36-40 BADCC 41-45 BACBC 46-50 AFEDB 51-55 ABDDC 56-60 DBADC 61-65 DCBBA2013职称英语考试理工类B级答案(代码22) 1-10 32323 34434 11-20 12331 13213 21-30 31526 35264 31-40 12434 42312 41-50 33124 64314 51-60 32132 41234 61-65 211412013年职称英语考试卫生类A级答案：1.many... claims.答案doubtful 2.the ..... town. cautious 3. rumors.....problems spread 4.the..... years undamage 5.the .....members rejected 7.she......wedding wiped 8. w fundamental 9. the.....soon end 10. the .....lead polluted e....down break 14 this.... destroyed turned dead 15. they.....problem importance 2013职称英语卫生类B级考试答案：16.paul.... cultures. not mentioned 17. wkman...results right 18.Americans....guines not mentioned 19.ekman........everywhere right 20.Two.....thing right 21.fear......change nor mentioned 22 people....other right 23.paregraph1. E description... 24.paragreph2. C necessity... 25.paragraph3. D research... 26.paragraph4. F factors.. 27.Techniques.... F improve.. 28there.... B show.. 29.the .... D affect.. 30.the .... E be specially...。
2013职称英语卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文
2013职称英语教材-卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.第二篇 A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells _ plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away，and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight. In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seemsto order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birds prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip，but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which part of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain seems to control the timing of some of our actions. These cells tell a person when to awaken，when to sleep and when to seek food . Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.It can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production,3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few much vials. And the last “official”stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus —just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell __ and__we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to them "The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse , such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner __violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of womenMen who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.*6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIVIn January the New England Journal of Medicine5published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to6that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithK line.Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to approve the new pill.There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV*7 ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so withthose _of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Y oung people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.*第八篇 Old And ActiveIt is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment.Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body?Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and missio n in life. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.*第九篇The Case of the Disappearing FingerprintsOne useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing them could become troublesome. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology in dicates how big a problem of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to treat his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the drug，the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U. S. customs officials for4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly marks appearing from his index finger.U. S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are printed and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler，one potential side effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. Hence，no fingerprints.“It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，”Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with .a doctor’s note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn’t raise any red flags. But he，s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note —and won’t leave home without it.By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, which approved use of the drug11 years ago, should consider u its list of updating side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where does it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.*10 Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event.More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without_ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than80 hours some weeks. Although30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,”“being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,”were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.+11 Migrant W orkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities.Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 3This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.+12 Dreams（新增）Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who claim that they never dream at all actually dream just as frequently as the rest of us, though they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectly aware of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our sense , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．One of the world's oldest known written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return in time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken .From ancient times to the present day ,people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream as there are books．+13 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who hav e already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data more precise.The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only get into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use in a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.2013年新增第十四篇Y oung Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores Y oung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more ①likely to go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska UniversityHospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the②results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link ③between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for ④logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a ⑤role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung ⑥capacity and that your brain gets plenty of ⑦oxygen，”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons⑧why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular ⑨strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. ”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been ⑩able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a ⑾higher IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who ⑿improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case6, physical ⒀education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests ⒁during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in ⒂life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.+15 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years （新增）A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often high infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far lessdeadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factor shave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leadingto more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.卫生类完型填空课文译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。
2013年职称英语考试真题综合类ABC三个等级的真题(完整版含答案).
学派网2013年职称英语真题综合(A第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread2. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. competeB. argueC. claimD. wish3. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. treatedB. pollutedC. testedD. corrupted4. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent5. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. fundamentalB. moralC. regularD. hard6. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation7. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. producedC. injectedD. removed8. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume9. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. generalB. complexC. inflexibleD. direct10. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. undamagedB. unknownC. unusualD. unstable11. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. reliableB. effectiveC. alternativeD. simple12. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. approvedD. considered14. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. breakC. setD. beat15. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分Mau Piailug, Ocean NavigatorMau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methodsIn early 1976, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian V oyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea.He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did itHis grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.The voyage proved that Hawaii's first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the position of the stars to his students, but heallowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.16. At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Mau could not afford a compass or charts.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题及参考答案
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及参考答案职称英语考试历年真题汇总>>/zZnTL（复制链接，点击“打开链接”即可访问）更多精品备考资料在职称英语考试交流群：151033695第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.A. argueB. claimC. wishD. compete5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. simpleB. reliableC. effectiveD. alternative6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. breakD. beat9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. consideredD. approved14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private参考答案： 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2013年职称英语考试综合BC级阅读理解
阅读理解 第一篇 Telling Tales about People 1 A) the characteristics of autobiographies,memoirs,and biographies 2 B) an autobiography 3 C) want to present themselves in a good light 4 A) defining it 5 C) varied or different 第二篇 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 1 D) will not take an interest in it. 2 C) building friendship. 3 B) She's a senior student. 4 A) Passion. 5 C) polish. 第三篇 Milosevic’s Dea th 1 B) In prison. 2 D) He was extremely ambitious. 3 B) his parents. 4 C) t o remove the Serbians’ fears that they were discriminated against. 5 A) Yugoslavia broke up. 第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 1 A) Ghosts 2 C) On Thanksigiving 3 B) providing them with comfortable and happy lives. 4 A) they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food. 5 A) 1621 第五篇 Sino —Japan Animosity Lessens 1 C) the survey found that people in both china and japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important. 2 B) aims at promoting communication between the two contries. 3 D) 30.2;43.2. 4 B) trade frictions. 5 C) an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations. 第六篇 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 1 C) advertisements on billboards 2 A) to talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows 3 D) no billboards along the road 4 B) They both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between. 5 A) Exciting 第七篇 Modern Sun Worshippers 1 D) they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home. 2 A) to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate. 3 B) Spain 4 B) every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country. 5 D) Rainy weather. 第八篇 The Changing Middle Class 1 B) a social and economic group 2 D) the family is very important 3 C) prosperous and optimistic 4 C) a restatement of the previous idea 5 A) as a group 第九篇 Single-parent Kids Do Best 1 C) two-parent families produce less attractive children 2 A) the young males get less care 3 B) experiment and result 4 D) the offspring ’s body size 5 C) ecological factors 第十篇 A Letter from Alan 1 D) To inform other people about the builders ’plans 2 C) Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature 3 A) A building on Parson ’s Place 4 D) have less money 5 B) SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON ’S PLACE 第十一篇 The Development of Ballet 1 C) the way ballet developed 2 D) Louis XIV 3 B) Will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it 4 D) in chronological order 5 D) elaborate shows 第十二篇 Smuggling 1 D) it had a very big abdomen 2 A) As many as a smuggler can think of. 3 C) 25,770 4 C) Small smugglers 5 C) Varied drug transportation methods 第十三篇 The Barbie Dolls 1 D) to be highly successful. 2 D) Harold Mattson, Ruth and Ellion Handler. 3 A) Build. 4 B) Lilli. 5 A) She does not attract young men. 第十四篇 Sleep 1． D ）because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits. 2． B ）your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back. 3． C ）to employ people who will always work at night. 4． A ）the third week. 5． A ）another routine. 第十五篇 Oribital Space Plane1 B) carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.2 A) NASA ’s determination to continue its space exploration projects.3 C) Years before the explosion of Columbia.4 D) a space ambulance.5 B) be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative. 第十六篇 The Sahara 1 A) life in the Sahara 2 A) less than five inches per year 3 A) a place of contrasts 4 C) the Sahara 5 B) group traveling together through difficult country 第十七篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful 1 B) Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower 2 A) Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view 3 C) He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds4 B) Conducting research in various fields.5 C) Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.第十八篇 Goal of American Education 1 C) To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability. 2 D) the subject every student takes may vary.3 C) acquisition of the ability to be creative.4 C) the students from foreign countries.5 D) Its underlying goal to develop every child ’s abilities to the fullest extent. 第十九篇 The Family1 A) What Makes a Family?2 A) a married couple with their minor children3 A) an anthropology textbook4 C) point out similarities5 B) readiness to move 第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past 1 D) two novels that deal with slavery 2 C) in Ohio after the Civil War 3 B) the books are worthwhile but challenging 4 D) portrayal of violence 5 A) terrible 第二十一篇 Spacing in Animals 1 C) Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. 2 A) begin to attack. 3 B) psychological distance. 4 A) strip of land. 5 D) social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors. 第二十二篇Some Things We Know about Language 1 C) any human race, whether backward or not, has a language. 2 A) complicated. 3 B) just as sophisticated as some well-known languages. 4 D) Some languages are better than other languages.5 C) Vocabulary第二十三篇 The Only Way Is Up1.C) want to maintain their traditional image.2.B) the lack of a device to carry people upward.3.D) most people had doubt about its safety.4.B) Uninteresting.5.D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.第二十四篇 Clone Farm1 C) Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2 A)The US's national Institute of Science and Technology.3 D)chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4 C) Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machine5 A)farmers can order certain strains of chicken only 第二十五篇 Income1 B) the difference between national income and personal income.2 D) The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.3 A) corporation profits4 B) the money not earned but received.5 D) people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries Ago1 C) where three early travel writers went and wrote about2 C) throughout the Muslim world3 B) they told of strange and exotic locales4 A) chronological order5 D) give proof of第二十七篇 Importance of Services1 B) services are important2 A) 32.4 million service jobs.3 B) most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low — paying jobs.4 C) by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services5 C) Their prices.第二十八篇 The National Park Service1 A) Because they are always out there.2 D) They protect the National Park System.3 B) molding the Nation.4 B) It is about the National Park Service.5 C) The work that has been done by the partners. 第二十九篇Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends1.A) their friends2.C) People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.3.D) Friends affected each others’ feelings of fatness4.C) life style5.A) social networks let the obesity spread rapidly 第三十篇“Lucky”Lord Lucan –Alive or Dead1 C) Lord Lucan has never been found2 C) it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan3 D) sinking his boat4 B) thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught5 C) was really Lord Lucan in disguise第三十一篇 Pool Watch1D) artificial intelligence.2C) It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow 3B) It alerts the lifeguard.4A) He runs.5B) “rated”.第三十二篇 The Cherokee Nation1 B）In the southeastern part of the US.2 A）writing down the spoken language.3 C）force the Cherokees to move westward.4 D）all of the above5 C）they did not have enough food and clothes第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty1 C) she gave her life savings to help others through university2 B) she had worked hard ,saved hard and invested carefully3 C) she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life4 C) hundreds of people put money into the fund5 A) of her generosity。
2013职称英语完形填空全文
A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman（仆人） warders(守卫), （1）better known to tourists as beefeaters.（伦敦塔的守卫） David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the (2)top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. (3)From our bedroom we have a marvellous （奇妙的）view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous (4)for its ravens（乌鸦）, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated（着迷） by the birds and when he was (5)offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no (6)hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always (7)aware of the fact that I am (8)maintaining a tradition. The legend （传说）says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to (9)make sure this doesn't happen!" David (10)devotes_about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the (11)fact that he lives right next to them is ideal（理想）. "I can (12)keep_a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." (13)At first, David's wife Mo was not (14)keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history (15)all_ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers（青少年） who have (1)made Their fortune through the Internet. (2)what makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic（诵读困难者）, and was (3)told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write (4)properly . "I wanted to prove them (5)wrong ", says Ben, creator （创建人）and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls. When he was eight, his localauthorities（当权者） (6)provided himwith a PC to help with school work.Although he was (7)unable to read themanuals（使用指南）, he had a naturalability with the computer, and (8)encouraged by his father, he soonbegan (9)charging people $l0 an hourfor his knowledge and skills. At theage of 15 he (10)set up his owncomputer consultancy（咨询公司）, QuadComputer, which he ran from hisbedroom, and two years later he leftschool to (11) dovote all his time tobusiness."By this time the company had grownand I needed to take on a (12)coupleof employees to help me", says Ben."That enabled me to start (13)doingbusiness with bigger companies." Itwas. his ability to consistently(14)overcome difficult challengesthat led him to win the YoungEntrepreneur (企业家) of the Yearaward in the same year that he formedWaysearch, and he has recently signeda deal (15)worth $25 million with aprivate investment company, whichwill finance his search engine.Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume（大量） of traffic in manycities in the world today continues toexpand（扩大）. This causes manyproblems, including serious airpollution, lengthy delays（长时间的拥堵）, and the greater risk (1) of (…的风险)accidents. Clearly, somethingmust be done, but it is oftendifficult to (2)persuade （说服）people to change their habits andleave their cars at home.One possible (3) approach（方法，途径）is to make it more expensive forpeople to use their cars by(4)increasing charges for parking and(5)bringing in(作为…的收益) tougherfines for anyone who (6)break the law.In addition（此外）, drivers could berequired to pay for using particularroutes （路径）at different times ofthe day. This system, (7) known as"road pricing", is already beingintroduced in a (8)number of cities,using a special electronic card(9)fixed to the windscreen（洗车挡风玻璃） of the car.Another way of (10)dealing with (处理)the problem is to provide(提供)cheap parking on the (11)outskirt（郊区） of the city, and strictly controlthe number of vehicles（车辆） allowedinto the centre. Drivers and theirpassengers then use a special busservice for the (12) final stage oftheir journey.Of course, the most important(13)thing is to provide good publictransport.（公共交通） However, to getpeople to (14)give up the comfort oftheir cars, public transport must befelt to be reliable（可靠）convenient(便利) and comfortable(舒适), with fares (15)kept at anacceptable(可接受) level.Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that theresponsibilities（责任） for learninglie with the student. If a longreading assignment（任务，作业） isgiven, instructors（教员）expectstudents to be familiar with the(1)information in the reading even ifthey do not discuss it in class or takean examination. The (2)ideal studentis considered to be one who ismotivated （刺激）to learn for the sakeof (3) learning, not the oneinterested only in getting highgrades（分数）. Sometimes homework isreturned(4) with （带着…回来）brief（简短）written comments（评价） butwithout a grade. Even if a grade is notgiven, the student is (5) responsible（对…负责任）for learning thematerial （材料）assigned（指定的）.When research is (6)assigned , theprofessor expects the student to takeit actively and to complete it with (7)minimum guidance（指导）. It is thestudent's responsibility to findbooks, magazines, and articles in thelibrary. Professors do not have thetime to explain (8)how a universitylibrary works; they expect students(9)particularly（尤其是）graduatestudents to exhaust （耗尽）thereference（参考书目）(10)sources inthe library. Professors will helpstudents who need it, but (11)preferthat their students should not be(12)too dependent on them. In theUnited Stats professors have manyother duties (13) bdsides teaching，such as administrative（行政的，管理的） or research work. Therefore（所以）, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) limited. If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15)approach(接近) a professor during office hours or make an appointment（约定）.The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people different from computer programs（电脑程序）? What is the missing element（元素） that our theories don’t yet (1)account for （解释）? (The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand，don't. In fact，computers don't (3)even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) program is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".（用途）Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5)sense （有道理，合理）to attribute to（归属于）computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment（娱乐） goals, or to (7) find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However ，these physiological（心理学的） and social goals give (8) rise to (引起，导致)several intellectual （聪明的）or cognitive（认识上的）goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) information about the name of a restaurant which (10)serves the desired（渴望的）type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling (12)learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14)in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) arise out of hunger in thecase of the computer，it might wellarise out of （出现，起立，上升）the"goal" to learn more aboutrestaurants.Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were moreoptimistic（乐观主义的）, someone whoalways (1) expected to (期望做)besuccessful? Having someone around whoalways (2) fears the worst isn’treally a lot of (3) fun（很多乐趣） .We all know someone who sees a singlecloud on a sunny day and says ，"Itlooks ( 4 )like rain. " But if youcatch yourself thinking such things，it's important to do something (5)about it.You can change your view of life ，(6) according to psychologists（心理学家）. It only takes a little effort（努力），and you'll find life morerewarding（有益的，值得的） as a (7)rusult.（最后） Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect（自尊）and confidence（信心） but it's alsoa more positive way of looking at lifeand all it has to (8)offer . Optimistsare more (9)like to start new projects（项目）and are generally moreprepared to take risks.Upbringing（教养） is obviously veryimportant in forming your(10)attitude to the world. Somepeople are brought up to (11)dependtoo much on others and grow up foreverblaming other people when anything(12) goes wrong. Most optimists，onthe (13 ) other hand, have beenbrought up not to (14) regard failureas the end of the world—they just(15)get on with（继续） their lives.The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes backmore than 200 years. In 1791，Count（伯爵）de Sivrac (1) delightedonlookers（观众） in a park in Parisas he showed off his two-wheeledinvention ，a machine called theceleriferé. It was basically an (2)enlarged version of a children’s toywhich had been in (3) use for manyyears. Sivrac's "celeriferé had awooden frame（两端都装上了轮子），madein the (4) shape of a horse ，which wasmounted on a wheel at either end. Toride it ，you sat on a small seat ，just like a modem bicycle ，and pushed(5)hard against the ground with yourlegs—there were no pedals（踏板）. Itwas impossible to steer（驾驶） aceleriferé and it had no brakes（刹车），but despite these problems theinvention very much (7)appealed （吸引）to the fashionable young men ofParis. Soon they were (8)holdingraces （举行比赛）up and down thestreets.Minor (9)injuries were common asriders attempted a final burst（爆发）of (10)speed. Controlling the machinewas difficult ，as the only way tochange (11) diection was to pull upthe front of the "celeriferé" and (12)turn it round while the front wheelwas (13) spinning(旋转) in the air."Celeriferés" were not popular forlong ，however ，as the (14)combination of no springs （弹簧），no steering and rough （粗糙）roadsmade riding them very uncomfortable.Even so，the wooden celeriferé was the(15) origin of the modem bicycle.Working MothersCarefully conducted（实施）researches that have followed thechildren of working mothers have notbeen able to show any long-termproblems（长期的问题），compared with(与..相比较)children whose mothersstayed at home. My personal (1) viewis that mothers should be allowed towork if they wish. Whether we like itor not ，there are a (2) number ofmothers who just have to work.. Thereare those who have invested such a bigpart of their lives in （建立）a career that they cannot (3) afford to see itlost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) necessity. Many mothers are not (5)cut out to be（适合于，天生就是做某事的料） full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant（婴幼儿），they feel trapped （使陷入困境） and isolated（使孤立）. There are a number of options （选择）when it (6)come to（涉及） choosing childcare. These range from （从…变动到）child minders（托儿所） and nannies （保姆）through to Granny or the kind lady (7)across the street. (8) in reality, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9) matter how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest（抗议） wildly if they are left. This is a (10) perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush（迷恋） on Mum and close family (11) member . Make sure that in the first week you allow (12) plenty of time to help your child settle in （安顿下来）.All children are different. Some are independent （独立的），while others are more (13) attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to (14)do the best for your children ，it's not the quantity（数量） of time you spend with them，it's the (15)quality that matters. A Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used tobreaking bones, and it always seems tohappen when he's （1）doing sport. Inthe film Play It to the Bonehe (2)play the part of amiddleweight boxer alongside WoodyHarrelson. (3)During themaking of the filmHarrelson (4)kept complaining（抱怨）that thefight (5)scene weren't veryconvincing（令人信服的）, so one dayhe suggested that he and Banderasshould have a fight for real. TheSpanish actorwasn't (6)keen on the idea atfirst, but hewas (7)eventually （终于） persuaded by his co-star （联合主演）to put on his gloves and climbinto the boxing ring. However, when herealized how seriouslyhis (8)opponent(对手) wastaking it all, he began to regret hisdecision to fight. And then in thethird round, Harrelson hitBanderas (9)so hard in theface that he actually broke his nose.His wife, actress Melanie Griffith,was furious（狂怒） that he had beenplaying "silly macho games". "She wasright," confesses （承认）Banderas,"and I was a fool to (10)take arisk like that in the middle of amovie."He was (11)reminded of thetime he broke his leg during afootball match in his native Malaga.He had always (12)dreamed ofbecoming a soccer star, of performing（表演） in front of a big crowd, butdoctors told him his playing days wereprobably over. "That's when I decidedto take （13）up acting; I saw itas (14)another way ofperforming, and achievingrecognition. What happened to me onthat football (15)pitch(场地) was, you might say, my firstlucky break."Global WarmingFew people now question thereality of global warming and itseffects on the world's climate. Manyscientists (1)put the blame for （归咎于）recent natural disasters on theincrease (2)in the world'stemperatures and are convinced（确信）that, more than (3) ever before,the Earth is at (4) risk from theforces of the wind, rain andsun. (5) Acorrding to them,global warming is making extremeweather events, (6)such ashurricanes （飓风） and droughts（旱灾）, even more (7) severe andcausing sea levels（海平面）allaround the world to (8) rise.Environmental groups（环保团体）are putting (9) pressure ongovernments to take action to reducethe (10)amount of carbon dioxidewhich is given (11) off byfactories and power plants（发电厂）, thus attacking（攻击）theproblem at its source（来源）. Theyare in (12) favour of （支持）more money being spent on researchinto solar（太阳能）, wind and waveenergy devices（装置）, which couldthen replace existing（现存的）power (13)station .Somescientists, (14)however believethat even if we stopped releasing （排放）carbon dioxide and other gasesinto the atmosphere(大气) tomorrow,we would have towait (15) several hundred years tonotice the results. Global warming,it seems, is here to stay.School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) _ properly _ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) provide __meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) choose __ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking (4) _ finding _ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) _ standards _ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) portion __ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) examined __by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) consume _ twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better (9) understanding __ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) increased __in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot(11) criticise __ parents, but it can remind them of the (12) nutritional __value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) affect __their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) _ habits_ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) _ prevent _it.A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ___ ever___ doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ___ curious ____ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) ___ harmful ____ to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) __ staring at ____ their computers? Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) _ absorbed___in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) _ make ___ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) __ word ___ that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) _ holding __to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) __ steps __ dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from (10) _ negotiating ___ any other soft of bargain about behaviour. Any parent who is (11) __ seriously ___ alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to (12)_ discuss ___ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) _ necessarily ___ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (14) ___ absolutely __ crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) _ going ___through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about! Family HistoryIn an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (1) attracted __to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to (2) _ find_ out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a (3) _ fairly _short history, like Australia and the United States.It is (4) one __ thing to spend some time (5) going __through a book on family history and to take the (6) _ decision _ to investigate your own family's past. It is (7) quite __ another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and (8)_ cause _ yourself many problems which could have been (9) _ avoided _ with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are (10)_ connected _ with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just (11) treat __it as aninteresting possibility. A simple system (12) _ for _ collecting and storing your information willbe adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your (13) _ way _. The mostimportant thing, though, is to(14) get __started. Who knows what you(15) _ might _ find ?Helen and Martin(1) With a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. _ Would _her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given (2)_ up _waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually (3) _ weakened _until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. (4)_ curiosity _to see what had (5) _ become _of her brother. Almost without (6) _ warning _, Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't (7) bothered __ to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her (8) confidence __ in her own judgment growing. (9) Ignoring __the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway (l0) _ through _ her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was (11) gaining __a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live (12) _ drop_ from her paintings. Of course, she (13) took __no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't (14) _ help _ looking forward to her brother's arrival with (15) quiet __ satisfaction at what she had achieved.。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(C级)试题(一)
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（C级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A bringB putC separateD set2 The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.A realB strangeC wholeD same3 That performance was pretty impressive.A veryB completelyC beautifullyD equally4 I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.A threwB brokeC stretchedD seized5 The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A bottomB structureC surfaceD top6 We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A defenseB standingC protection 0 room7"There is no other choice,"she said in a harsh voice.A unkindB firmC softD deep8 Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.A borderB goalC levelD peak9 We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.A sightB interestC beliefD pressure10 This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A openB cruelC suddenD direct11 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A passed byB took a notice ofC woke upD found by chance12 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A rightB obviousC unbelievableD unclear13 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A attractedB taughtC keptD changed14 She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A worriedB offensiveC sleepyD anxious15 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A atB withC aboutD from第2部分：阅读判断（第16 -22 题，每题1分，共-7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
补全短文2013年职称英语《综合类C级》试题及答案
补全短文:2013年职称英语《综合类C级》试题及答案第5部分：第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)a doctor in the housebrushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. but if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too.______(46) it is one of many gadgets(小装置) proposed by engineers and doctors at the for future health in new york—others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.the devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. the gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. ______(47) in the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.intelligent bandages(绷带)are a good example. powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics(抗生素) would work best. ______(48)socks are long overdue for a makeover. in the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer (溃疡) is coming up.all the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma(黑瘤) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer.______(49) if a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doct or’s surgery.if all this sound troublesome, then help is at hand.______(50) a standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain english and in a way which would calm your nerves.a. the device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous imagesb. that is going to be the difficult partc. the cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complicationsd. experts are also working on a “digital doctor”, complete is with a comforting bedside mannere. instead of relying on hi-teach hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to–use gadgetsf. a toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in usa答案：f e c a d。
2013年职称英语(综合类)C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年职称英语（综合类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A．openB．suddenC．cruelD．direct正确答案：C解析：题意：这无疑是一次残忍的攻击。
划线词为形容词，意为“残忍的，野蛮的”。
A项意为“公开的，敞开的”，例：Banks closed on Friday afternoon and did not open again untilMonday morning．银行星期五下午关门，直到星期一上午才营业。
B项意为“突然的意外的”，例：He was zonked by the sudden accident．他被这场意外的事故惊呆了。
C项意为“残酷的，残忍的”，例：The cruel woman abandoned her child．那个狠心的女人遗弃了自己的孩子。
D项意为“直接的”，例：The event constitutes a direct threat to her．这个事件对她构成了直接的威胁。
故选C。
2．The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A．bottomB．surfaceC．topD．structure正确答案：D解析：题意：这个框架要足够结实以便支撑引擎。
划线词为名词，意为“框架，结构”。
A项意为“底部”，例：He had worked in the theatre for many years，starting at the bottom．他从最基础的做起，已经从事戏剧工作很多年了。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(C级)试题及参考答案
A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Pedestrians Only?1 The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping areas were built in Middle Eastern countries to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safety. As far back as 2,000 years ago, road traffic was banned from central Rome during the day to allow for the free movement of pedestrians (行人) and was only allowed in at night when shops and markets had closed for the day. In most other cities, however, pedestrians were forced to share the streets with horses, coaches and, later, with cars and other motorised vehicles.2 The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations and car ownership increased rapidly. Dirty gases from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start.3 At first, there was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars. When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers.4 However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich, Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased by 50 percent. On Copenhagen's main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, the USA. were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets.5 With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street, many shops, especially those selling things like clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it wasn’t good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances (电器) actually saw their sates drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre.23. Paragraph 1________24. Paragraph 2________25. Paragraph 3________26. Paragraph 4________A Facing protests from shop ownersB Increase in sales and customersC An idea from ancient historyD A need for changeE An experiment that went wrongF Popularity of online shopping27. Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in________.28. In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping________.29. Shopkeepers mistakenly believed the car-free streets would keep away________.30. The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many ________ lose their business.A customersB pedestriansC furniture sellersD Middle Eastern countriesE a bad experienceF North America第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。
【VIP专享】2013年职称英语真题答案(综合类、理工类、卫生类仅供参考)
2013职称英语考试答案2013年职称英语真题答案(综合类、理工类、卫生类仅供参考) 2013年职称英语考试落下帷幕，笔者及时整理了2013年职称英语真题答案（A级、B级、C级），由于时间仓促，有不对请指证，相互学习。
预祝大家取得好成绩！2013年职称英语综合类A级答案： 1 Mary has blended... A mixed 2 They agreed to... B change 3 The economy continued...C show 4 A notably short...C remarkably 5 The dentist has...A take ou 6 It is absurd ...A ridiculous 7 A lot of people ... B polluted 8 The room.... C dark 9 The index is the...A measure 10 It’s prudent ...B sensible 11 He is renowned...D well-known 12 You have to be patient ...A maintain 13 She stood there... D shaking 14 Medical facilities ...C improved 15 Mary looked...D exhausted 16 Japan has...A Right 17 Russia was...A Right 18 All African countries...B Wrong 19 The Soviet Union...B Wrong 20 Australia is one...C Not mentioned 21 China did ...A Right 22 Many high ...C Not mentioned 23 Paragraph 2 B Inte2013年职称英语考试综合类B级答案(代码23)：1-20 题21423，22132 ，22113 ，44112， 21-40题 23561 ，52146，23122 ，23144 ，41-65 题 24211 ，65214，22114，33241 ，214222013职称英语考试综合类C级答案(代码33)1-15 BDADB CADBA BDCAA 16-22 ABBCA AC 23-30 AFCAC BEC 31-45 BDACA BBADC BADBC 46-50 CDBFA 51-65 ABDCC CABCD CADCA2013职称英语考试理工类A级答案(代码13)：6-10 AACAB11-15 CADBB 16-20 CABBC 21-25 AACFE 26-30 ABCDE 31-35 DDABC 36-40 BADCC 41-45 BACBC 46-50 AFEDB 51-55 ABDDC 56-60 DBADC 61-65 DCBBA2013职称英语考试理工类B级答案(代码22) 1-10 32323 34434 11-20 12331 13213 21-30 31526 35264 31-40 12434 42312 41-50 33124 64314 51-60 32132 41234 61-65 211412013年职称英语考试卫生类A级答案：1.many... claims.答案doubtful 2.the ..... town. cautious 3. rumors.....problems spread 4.the..... years undamage 5.the .....members rejected 7.she......wedding wiped 8. w fundamental 9. the.....soon end 10. the .....lead polluted e....down break 14 this.... destroyed turned dead 15. they.....problem importance 2013职称英语卫生类B级考试答案：16.paul.... cultures. not mentioned 17. wkman...results right 18.Americans....guines not mentioned 19.ekman........everywhere right 20.Two.....thing right 21.fear......change nor mentioned 22 people....other right 23.paregraph1. E description... 24.paragreph2. C necessity... 25.paragraph3. D research... 26.paragraph4. F factors.. 27.Techniques.... F improve.. 28there.... B show.. 29.the .... D affect.. 30.the .... E be specially...。
2013年职称英语考试综合类教材完形填空目录及文章
特别
2013年职称英语真题参考答案(综合类B级仅供参考)
2013职称英语考试试卷2013年职称英语综合类真题参考答案(综合类B级仅供参考)2013年职称英语考试落下帷幕，笔者及时整理了2013年职称英语综合类真题试卷及参考答案（B级），由于时间仓促，有不对请指证，相互学习。
预祝大家取得好成绩！2013职称英语综合类B级真题试卷及答案：第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
词汇：(理工B/卫生B可参考)1、 bust-break(Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.)2、 wary—cautious(The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.)3、 rigid—inflexible(The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.)4、 incredible—unbelievable(It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.)5、 migrate—travel(These animals migrate south annually in search of food.)6、 circulate—spread(Rumers began to circulate about his financial problems.)7、 came across—found by chance(She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.)8、as regards—about(I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.)9、manipulate—influence(As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.)10、 tempted—attracted(He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.)11、digest—understand(He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.)12、 anchored—fixed(Make sure the table is securely anchored.)13、aggressive—offensive(She gets aggressive when she is drunk.)14、 peculiar—strange(There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.)15、 expire—end(The contract between the two companies will expire soon.)第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2013年职称英语考试综合类C级试题及答案
关注更多2015年职称英语考试资料，及时了解职称英语考试动态，欢迎添加职业培训教育网职称英语频道微信：zhichengenglish，QQ群：210597052 204744182 302593754第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A bringB putC separateD set答案：C职业培训教育网名师解析：detach意为“使分离，使分开”，故用separate替换。
又如：Detach the white part of the application form and keep it.把申请表的白色部分撕下存底。
题干句子的意思是：我试图将自己与这些糟糕事件的现实分离开来。
2、The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.A realB strangeC wholeD same答案：B职业培训教育网名师解析：odd意思是“奇怪的，古怪的”，与strange “奇怪的”同义。
又如：Her father was an odd man.她父亲是个古怪的人o real “真正的”，whole “完整的”，same “同样的”。
3、That performance was pretty impressive.A veryB completelyC beautifullyD equally答案：A6、We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A defenseB standingC protection 0 room答案：C职业培训教育网名师解析：shelter的意思是“遮嫩”，在这里可以用protection “保护”替换。
职称英语综合类ABC级历年真题
2013年全国职称英语等级考试真题(注：B级和C级在下面)综合类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread2. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. competeB. argueC. claimD. wish3. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. treatedB. pollutedC. testedD. corrupted4. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent5. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. fundamentalB. moralC. regularD. hard6. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation7. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. producedC. injectedD. removed8. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume9. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. generalB. complexC. inflexibleD. direct10. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. undamagedB. unknownC. unusualD. unstable11. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. reliableB. effectiveC. alternativeD. simple12. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. approvedD. considered14. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. breakC. setD. beat15. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）Mau Piailug, Ocean NavigatorMau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methodsIn early 1976, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian Voyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员）in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive whoknew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea.He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did itHis grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star. The voyage proved that Hawaii's first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the position of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.16. At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Mau could not afford a compass or charts.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
2013年职称英语(综合类)完型填空1-15篇整理珍藏背诵版
第一篇 A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, _ better（更…）known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top（顶部）of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "From（从）our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一的David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。
David，64岁，生活在Byward塔顶部的一个三居室的单元里，一个警卫室。
David说：“从我们的卧室看去，我们可以看到伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的一个美好景色。
The Tower of London is famous for（以..而著名）its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was _ offered(提供)__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation（犹豫）_ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always _ aware（意识到）of the fact that I am _ maintaining （保持）_ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _ make（确保）sure this doesn't happen!"伦敦塔以大黑色的鸟----乌鸦而著名，它们已经在那里生活了三个多世纪。
2013年职称英语阅读理解和完型填空
第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事One of the most common types of nonf iction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives.These stories f all into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.1. This passage is mostly about the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. Helen Keller wrote an autobiography.3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light.4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by def ining it.5. Diverse means varied or different _.祝你们考试成功！第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the f act that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.1. An extracurri cular activity like raising a f und of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders will not take an interest in it.2. American students join campus organizations mostly for building friendship.3. Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successf ul end? Passion.5. The phrasal verb f atten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by polish.第三篇Shark Attack! 小心鲨鱼！Craig Rogers was sitting on his surf board, scanning the distance f or his next wave，when his board suddenly stopped moving.He looked down and was terri f ied to see a great white shark biting the f ront of his board.1. Af ter Craig Rogers f ell into the water, the shark swam away2. It is dif f icult f or the author to understand why great whites of ten let humans escape3. Which of the f ollowing is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? are.4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means great whites'5. What is the main idea of the f ourth paragraph? We now know great whites don't mistake humans f or other animals. 第四篇Feast on T urkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked f or sweets. That was Halloween. In a f ew weeks American houses will be red and green and f illed with presents, f or Christmas.1. On Halloween, children in the United States of ten dress up as ghosts.2.When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten？On Thanksgiving .3.Thanksgiving is the time f or the Ameri can people to thank God f or providing them with comf ortable and happy lives.4.Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice f ood.5. The f irst pilgrims settled in America in 1620.第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta 伊本白图泰游记I lef t Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [ to Mecca]...1.Which of the f ollowing statements about the survey is true? to leave all my f riends both f emal e and male,1. What is the passage mainly about?The adventures of Ibn Battuta.2. Which of the f ollowing is closest in meaning to set off f or in line 5? lef t to go to.3. The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because .Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.4. Which of the f ollowing would the writer of this passage most likely agree with?Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.5. Why did Ibn Battuta f inally return to his home? The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行Long bus rides are like t elevision shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end — with commerci als thrown in every three or f our minutes. The commercials are unavoidable.1.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?Advertisements on billboards.2.What is the purpose of this passage? To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows.3.The writer of this passage would probably f avor no billboards along the road.4. The writer f eels long bus rides are like TV shows because they both have a beginning , a middle , and an end, with commercials in between.5.The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are. exciting第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers 现代日光浴崇拜者People travel f or a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlef i elds or religious shrines. Others are looking f or culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in f ront of f amous places.1. The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly f or the reason that they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home.2. In paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate.3. According to the passage, which of the f ollowing countries attracts more tourists than the others? Spain.4. The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, i.e., "or one tourist f or every person living in Spain" means every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country.5. According to the passage, which of the f ollowing factors might spoil the tourists' f un at Mediterranean resorts and beaches? Rainy weather .第八篇The Changing Middle Class 变化中的中产阶级The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle cl ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right af ter World War II.1. The inf ormation in this passage deals with a social and economic group.2. A common middle class value is that the f amily is very important.3. ln the years af t er World War II，the middle class could be def ined as prosperous and optimistic.4. The phrase “In other words" in the f irst paragraph means that the f ollowing statement is a restatement of the previous idea.5. The word collectively means as a group.第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best 单亲幼儿最出色Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents - at least in the bird world. Mother zebra f inches have to work harder and raise f ewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to……1. With which of the f ollowing statements would the author probably agree? Two-parent f amilies produce less attractive children.2. According to the passage, in what way does f amily conf lict affect the quality of the off spring? The young males get less care.3. What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? Experiment and result.4. According to Hartley, which of the f ollowing is NOT inf luenced by sexual conf lict? The off spring's body size.5、According to the passage ,people belive that a f emal e’s reproductive strat egy is inf luenced by.ecological f actors 第十篇A Letter from Alan 艾伦的来信I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the f ootball ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.1. Why has Alan written this letter? To inf orm other people about the builders' plans.2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion? Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.3. What will cause traff i c jams? A building on Parson's Place.4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon have less money5. Which of these posters has Alan made? SA Y NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE第十一篇The Development of Ballet 芭蕾舞的发展Ballet is a dance f orm that has a long history. The f act that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.1. This passage deals mainly with the way ballet developed2. An important inf luence in early ballet was Louis XIV3. Y ou can conclude f rom this passage that ballet will continue to change as new people and ideas inf luence it4. The inf ormation in this passage is presented in chronological order5. The word pageants means elaborate shows第十二篇Smuggling 走私It is not unusual f or a pet to be sent by air cargo f rom Columbia to New Y ork, but last December's shipment of a 4-year-old sheep dog caught a New Y ork Kennedy Airport Customs inspector's eye .1. The dog was diff erent f rom others in that it had a very big abdomen.2. How many methods are used to transport drugs? As many as a smuggler can think of.3. How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994? 25,770.4. Which of the f ollowing could best replace the expression "small f ry" in the third paragraph? Small smugglers.5. What is this article about? V aried drug transportation methods.第十三篇The Barbie Dolls 芭比娃娃In the mid 1940's, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames.1. When Ruth and Elliot Handler were young, they had a strong desire to be highly successf ul.2. Who owned MA TTEL? Harold Mattson, Ruth and Elliot Handler.3. It can be inf erred from the second paragraph that Lilli was f ashioned af ter Build.4. Where did Ruth Handler's inspiration f or the design of the Barbie doll come f rom? Lilli.5. Which of the f ollowing statements is NO T true of the Barbie doll? She does not attract young men.第十四篇Sleep 睡眠We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7—8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16—17 hours' wakef ulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.1. The question raise d in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one"because shi f t work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.2. According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that your lif e is disturbed by changing f rom day to night routines and back.3. According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be to employ people who will always work at night.4. In the second paragraph, "the third" means the third week.5. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" means another routine.第十五篇Orbital Space Plane 轨道航天飞机While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would1 replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.1. The orbital space craft has been designed f or carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.2. From the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates NASA's determination to continue its space exploration projects.3. When did the scientists start working on a successor to the shuttle? Y ears bef ore the explosion of Columbia.4. Besides the main missions stipulated by NASA, the orbiter would also be used as a space ambulance.5. According to the passage, the f unds, if granted, would be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative. 第十六篇The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠The name Sahara derives f rom the Arabi c word f or "desert" or "steppe". At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Af rica is the largest desert in the world.1. This passage is mostly about lif e in the Sahara.2. Rainf all in most of the Sahara is less than f ive inches per year3. The Sahara can be described as a place of contrasts4. The phrase "an area roughly the size of the United States" gives an indication of the size of the Sahara5. In this passage caravan means group traveling together through diff i cult country第十七篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔Some 300 meters up, near the Eif fel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble . Japanese, Brazilians, Americans — they graff iti4 their names, loves and politics on the cold iron — transf orming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move5.1. Why does the author think the Eiff el Tower is transf ormed into symbol of a world on the move? Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.2. What seems strange to the author? V isitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.3. Which statement is NO T true of Hugues Richard? He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19minutes and 4 seconds.4. What did the builder use the Eiff el Tower f or? Conducting research in various f i elds.5. Which of the f ollowing is nearest in meaning to "(The Eif fel Tower is like) a blank canvas f or visitors to make of it what they will? V isitors can imagine f reely what the tower represents.第十八篇Goal of American Education 美国教育的目标Education is an enormous and expensive part of American li f e. Its size is matched by its variety.1. Which of the f ollowing best states the goal of American education? To give every student the opportunity to f ully develop his/her ability.2. It is implied in the passage that the subjects every student takes may vary.3. American schools place great emphasis on the learner's acquisition of the ability to be creative.4. According to the passage, American education meets the needs of all the f ollowing EXCEPT the students f romf oreign countries.5. Which of the f ollowing best states the f eature of American education that makes it diff erent f rom education in other countries? Its underlying goal to develop every child's abilities to the f ullest extent.*第十九篇The Family 家庭The structure of a f amily takes di fferent f orms around the world and even in the same soci ety. The f amily's f orm changes as it adapts to changing social and economic inf luences.1. Another good title f or this passage would be What Makes a Family?2. A nuclear f amily is def ined as a married couple with their minor children3. The inf ormation in this passage would most likely be f ound in an anthropology textbook4. The inf ormation in the f irst paragraph is presented mainly through pointing out similarities5. The word mobility means readiness to move*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past 讲述可怕的过去It is not the job of f iction writers to analyze and interpret history. Y et by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to lif e and f orce readers to consider them seriously.1. This passage is mostly about two novels that deal with slavery2. Beloved is set in Ohio af ter the Civil War3. The writer seems to f eel that the books are worthwhile but challenging4. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their portrayal of violence5. The word appalling means terrible第二十一篇Spacing in Animals 动物的空间距离Flight DistanceAny observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance be f ore it f lees. “Flight distance" is the terms used f or this interspecies spacing.1. Which of the f ollowing is the most appropriate def inition of Flight Distance？Distance between an animal and its enemy bef ore f leeing.2. If an animal's critical distance is penetrated, it will begin to attack.3. According to the passage, social distance refers to psychological distance.4. Which of the f ollowing could best replace the word "band" in "We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group" (in Paragraph 3)? strip of land.5. The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that social distance is sometimes determined by outside f actors.第二十二篇Some Things We Know about Language 我们知道的关于语言的一切事情Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.1. In the second paragraph the author thinks that any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.2. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have complicated languages.3. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.4. Which of the f ollowing statements is INCORRECT? Some languages are better than other languages.5. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in vocabulary第二十三篇The Only Way Is Up 只好向上Think of a modern city and the f irst image that come to mind is the skyline. It is f ull of great buildings, pointing likef ingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height.1. “…these are cities concerned with the past" in the f irst paragraph ref er to cities that want to maintain their traditional image.2. The dif f i culty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in the lack of a device to carry peopl e upward.3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lif t, most people had doubt about its saf ety.4. Which of the f ollowing best describes the experi ence of going in a lif t now? Uninteresting.5. Psychologists f ind the lif t a good place where they can study human behaviour because in a li f t the bubble of personal space breaks.第二十四篇Clone Farm 克隆农场Factory f arming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the U S are developing the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale.1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of f actory farming according to the f i rst paragraph?Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2.Which institution has of fered $4.7 million to f und the research? The US's National Institute of Science and Technology.3.In the third paragraph, by saying“Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there”，Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes chickens could grow to the same weight but with less f eed.4.Which of the f ollowing statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the f i f th paragraph?Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.5.The technology of f reezing stem cells f rom diff erent strains of chicken can do all the f ollowing EXCEPT that f armers can order certain strains of chicken only.第二十五篇Income 收入Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is def ined as the total earned income of all the f actors of production —namely, prof its, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation f or labor, personal income may be def ined as total money income received by individuals bef ore personal taxes are paid.1. This passage is mainly about the dif ference between national income and personal income.2. Which of the f ollowing statements is true according to the f irst paragraph? The money that goes f or capital consumption is not regarded as income.3. It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on corporation prof its.4. According to this passage, the money you get as interest f rom government bonds is the money not earned but received.5. The passage implies that people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.*第二十六篇Seeing t he World Centuries Ago 看许久以前的世界If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor，it will not surprise you to lean that travel writing has a long and venerable history.1. This passage is mostly about where three early travel writers went and wrote about2. Ibn Battutah traveled throughout the Muslim word3. The books bf the three writers were popular because they told of strange and exotic local es4. The overall organization of this passage is through chronological order5. In this passage attest means to give proof of第二十七篇Importance of Services 服务业的重要性The United States has moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has becom e the world's f irst service economy. Almost three-f ourths of the nonf arm labor f orce is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nation's gross national product is accounted f or by services.1. The f irst paragraph intends to tell us that services are important.2. Between 1966 and 1986，the United States created about 32.4 million service jobs.3. Many economists, business and labor leaders and politicians believe that most of the f ast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobs.4. The importance of services can be shown by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services.5. What does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now? Their prices. 第二十八篇The National Park Service 国家公园的服务机构America's national parks are like old f riends. Y ou may not see them f or years at a time, but just knowing they're out there makes you f eel better . Hearing the names of these f amous old f riends—Y osemite, Y ellowstone, Grand Canyon—revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.1. Why are America's national parks like old f riends? Because they are always out there.2. Which of the f ollowing statements is true about unif ormed rangers? They protect the National Park System.3. The National Park Service does all of the f ollowing EXCEPT molding the Nation.4. What is this passage about? It is about the National Park Service.5. What will the paragraph f ollowing this passage most probably discuss? The work that has been done by the partners.第二十九篇Find Y ourself Packing It On? Blame Friends 发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close f riends tend to gain weight, too.1.Who had the greatest inf luence on people who became obese? Their f riends.2. Which of the f ollowing statement about a f riend's inf luence is f alse according to the report? People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny f riends.3. According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation f or f ri ends being the greatest inf luence?Friends aff ected each others’ feelings of fatness.4. Which f actor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report? Lif e style.5. In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic? Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan -- Alive or Dead 幸运的卢肯伯爵-是死是活On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan，a British aristocrat，vanished. The day bef ore，his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.1. The public are still interested in the investigation because Lord Lucan has never been f ound2. It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan3. Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by sinking his boat4. Lucan could have been killed because people thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught5. Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr Barry Haplin was really Lord Lucan in disguise*第三十一篇Pool Watch 泳池监护Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lif eguards f ail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society f or the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury af ter getting into dif f i culties.1. AI means the same as artif i cial intelligence.2. What is required of AI sof tware to save a lif e? It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.3. How does Poseidon save a lif e? It alerts the lif eguard.4. Which of the f ollowing statements about Travor Baylis is NO T true? He runs.5. The word "considered" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by "rated".*第三十二篇The Cherokee Nation 彻罗基部落Long bef ore the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.1. The Cherokee Nation used to live in the southeastern part of the U.S.2. One of the ways that Sequoyah copied f rom the white man is the way of writing down the spoken language.3. A law was passed in 1830 to f orce the Cherokees to move westward.4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands, all of the above.5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because they did not have enough f ood and clothes.*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty 老妇人Oseola McCartyLA TE ONE SUNDA Y AFTERNOON in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden f rame house where she had lived and worked most of her lif e.1. This woman shocked and inspired the world because she gave her li f e savings to help others through university2. She managed to save so much mOI1y because she had worked hard，saved hard and invested carefully3. She gave her money away because she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard li f e4. When her generosity was made hundreds of people put money into the f und5. McCarty became f amous because of her generosity完型填空第一篇A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed f l at right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous f or its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there f or over three centuries. David was immediately f ascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will f all to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes about f our hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the f act that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At f irst, David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of li f e in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up f or our f uture memories."第二篇A Lucky Break 幸运的骨折Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing sport. In the f ilm Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the f ilm Harrelson kept complaining that the f ight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a f ight f or real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at f irst, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to f ight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wif e, actress Melanie Gri ffith, was f urious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," conf esses Banderas, "and I was a f ool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a f ootball match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of perf orming in f ront of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of perf orming, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that f ootball pitch was, you might say, my f irst lucky break." 第三篇Global Warming 全球变暖Few people now question the reality o f global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame f or recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever bef ore, the Earth is at risk f rom the f orces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise .Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by f actories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in f avour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.Some scientists, however believe that even i f we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.第四篇A Success Story 一个成功的故事At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their f ortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkabl e is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly . "I wanted to prove them wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to f ind goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his f ather, he soon began charging people $l0 an hour f or his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran f rom his bedroom, and two years later he lef t school to devote all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome diff icult challenges that led him to win the Y oung Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he f orm ed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will f inance his search engine.。
2013年度全国职称英语参考答案综合类a
2013年度全国职称英语参考答案综合类a2013年度全国职称英语考试是针对我国专业技术人员进行的英语水平测试，它分为综合类、理工类和卫生类等不同类别。
综合类A卷主要面向非英语专业的专业技术人员，考试内容涵盖了词汇、语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等部分。
以下是2013年度全国职称英语参考答案综合类A卷的详细解析。
一、词汇和语法1. 词汇题：这部分考查考生对常用英语词汇的掌握程度。
考生需要根据上下文语境，选择最合适的词汇填空。
2. 语法题：这部分考查考生对英语语法规则的掌握和应用能力。
考生需要根据句子结构，选择正确的语法形式。
参考答案：- 词汇题：根据题目所给的语境，选择最合适的词汇。
- 语法题：根据句子的时态、语态、主谓一致等语法规则，选择正确的选项。
二、阅读理解阅读理解部分包括几篇短文，每篇短文后面都有几个问题，考生需要根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
参考答案：- 仔细阅读每篇短文，理解其主旨大意。
- 针对每个问题，找到短文中的相关部分，进行分析和判断。
- 选择与问题最符合的答案。
三、完形填空完形填空是英语考试中常见的题型，它考查考生对文章整体理解以及词汇和语法的综合运用能力。
参考答案：- 先快速阅读全文，把握文章大意。
- 逐句分析，注意上下文的逻辑关系和语法结构。
- 根据语境选择最合适的词汇或语法形式填空。
四、翻译翻译部分包括英译汉和汉译英两种题型，考查考生的语言表达能力和对两种语言文化差异的理解。
参考答案：- 英译汉：理解原文意思，注意英语表达习惯和汉语表达习惯的差异，准确翻译。
- 汉译英：注意汉语的表达方式和英语的不同，避免直译，力求语言自然流畅。
五、写作写作部分要求考生根据给定的题目或情景，写出一篇连贯、逻辑清晰的英语短文。
参考答案：- 仔细审题，明确写作要求和要点。
- 构思文章结构，包括引言、主体和结尾。
- 使用恰当的词汇和语法，注意句子的连贯性和逻辑性。
- 检查语法错误和拼写错误，确保文章质量。
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第一篇 A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, _ better（更…）known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top（顶部）of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "From（从）our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous for（以..而著名）its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was _ offered(提供)__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation（犹豫）_ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always _ aware（意识到）of the fact that I am _ maintaining （保持）_ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _ make（确保）sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes（献身于）about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _ fact（事实）that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep（关注） a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first（起初）, David's wife Mo was not _keen（对..感兴趣）on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all（所有）around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."第二篇 A Lucky Break 幸运的骨折Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing(做) sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he plays（扮演一个…）the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During（过程中）the making of the film Harrelson kept（连续）complaining that the fight scenes（场面）weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen（对…热衷）on the idea at first, but he was eventually（最终）persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent（对手）was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so（太…以至于..）hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to take（冒险） a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was reminded（提醒）of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed（梦想）of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up（开始）acting; I saw it as another（另外）way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch（场）was, you might say, my first lucky break."第三篇Global Warming 全球变暖Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put （把…归咎于）the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in（在）the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever(任何时候) before, the Earth is at risk(危险) from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According(据说) to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such(例如) as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe(严重) and causing sea levels all around the world to rise(上升) .Environmental groups are putting pressure(压力) on governments to take action to reduce the amount(数量) of carbon dioxide which is given off(排放) by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour(赞成) of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations(装置) .Some scientists, however(然而) believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several(几) hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.第四篇 A Success Story 一个成功的故事At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made(制造) their fortune through the Internet. What(这) makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told(告知) by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly(正确地) . "I wanted to prove them wrong(错了) ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided(提供) him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable(不能) to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged(鼓励) by his father, he soon began charging(收费)people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set(创建) up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote(精力) all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple(一些) of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing(做) business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome(克服)difficult challenges that led him to win the Y oung Entrepreneur of the Y ear award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth(价值)$25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.第五篇T raffic in Our Cities我们的城市交通The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of（..的风险）accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade(说服) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible approach(方法)is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing(增加) charges for parking and bringing(收益) in tougher fines for anyone who breaks(打破) the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known(为所熟知) as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a number(一些)of cities, using a special electronic card fixed(固定在..上) to the windscreen of the car.Another way of dealing(处理) with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts(效区) of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final(最后的)stage of their journey.Of course, the most important thing(..的事) is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up(放弃) the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept(保持) at an acceptable level.第六篇T eaching and learning 教与学Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information（信息）__in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The idea （理想）_ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning（学习）_, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with（带…回来）brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible（对…负责）for learning the material assigned.When research is assigned（选定）_ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum(最少的)guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how(如何) a university library works; they expect students particularly (尤其)graduate students to exhaust the reference _ sources(资源) _in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer(更喜欢) that their students should not be too(太)dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties besides(除…之外)teaching，such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited(有限的) . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either _ approach(接近)_ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer 人与电脑的区别What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet account(解译)__ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason:to learn more about _ what(那些) __ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand，don't. In fact，computers don't even (甚至) have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program（程序）_ is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".Of course ，people have several goals that do not make sense（合理）to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in （为了）order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find （寻找） a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However ，these physiological and social goals give rise （导致）to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information（信息）about the name of a restaurant which serves（供应）the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to _ acquire（获取）information or knowledge, what we are calling learning（学习）_ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might（可能）_ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so in（以…方式）the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise（起于）out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.*第八篇Look on The Bright Sid e看光明的一面Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected（期望）to be successful? Having someone around who always fears（恐惧）the worst isn’t really a lot of fun（乐趣）. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says ，"INooks like（像）rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things，it's important to do something about（对此）it.Y ou can change your view of life ，according（根据）to psychologists. It only takes a little effort ，and you'll find life more rewarding as a result（结果）. Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer（提供）. Optimists are more likely（很有可能）to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude（态度）to the world. Some people are brought up to depend（依赖于）too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes （发生）wrong. Most optimists，on the _other（另一方面）hand, have been brought up not to regard （把..看作）failure as the end of the world—they just get on（继续）with their lives.*第九篇The First Bicycle第一辆自行车The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791，Count de Sivrac delighted（使...喜悦）onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention ，a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged（扩大）version of a children’s toy which had been in use（在使用中）for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferéhad a wooden frame，made in the shape（形状）of a horse ，which was mounted on a wheel at either end．To ride it ，you sat on a small seat ，just like a modem bicycle ，and pushed hard（努力）against the ground（地面）with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferéand it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much appealed（吸引）to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding（举行）races up and down the streets.Minor injuries（受伤）were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed（速度）. Controlling the machine was difficult ，as the only way to change direction（方向）was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and turn（掉转）it round while the front wheel was spinning（自旋）in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long ，however ，as the combination（组合）of no springs ，no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so，the wooden celeriferéwas the origin（始祖）of the modem bicycle.*第十篇Working Mothers职业母亲Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view（观点）is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ，there are a number（很多）of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford（负担）see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity（有必要）. Many mothers are not cut （适合于）out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it comes（涉及）to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across（对面）the street. In reality（在现实状况下）, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter （无论）how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly（完全）normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members（成员）. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of（大量）time to help your child settle in.All children are different. Some are independent ，while others are more attached(依恋于)to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do（做）the best for your children ，it's not the quantity of time you spend with them，it's the quality（质量）that matters.+第十一篇School Lunch学校午餐Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly（正常地）in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide（提供）meals at lunchtime. Children can choose（选择）to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking finding（发现）of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards（标准）for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion （比例）of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes examined（检查）by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume（摄取）twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding （解释）of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased（增长）in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise（批评）parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional（营养的）value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect（影响）their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits（习惯）at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent（阻止）it.+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence强大的影响There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever（几乎不）doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious（对…好奇）to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful（伤害）to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at （盯着看成）their computers?Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed（沉迷）in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make（利用）of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word（诺言）that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not holding（坚持）to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic steps（采取措施）dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating（协商）_ any other soft of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is seriously（严重）alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to discuss （讨论）the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily（不一定）affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely（完全地）crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just going（度过）through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇The Old Gate古老之门In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons(原因)but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with c ontagious diseases(疾病). The Old City of London gates were all demolished(拆毁)by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke(极其) of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in actual(实际的) fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary（分界线）between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage(存储)because its design was unfashionable(老套) it was expensive to maintain(维修) and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was set out(建立) in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the preservation(保存)of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down(推倒) , stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced(替换) , though there is a good chance(机会)_ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job(工作) of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇Family History家族史In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted（吸引）to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to find（找出）out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly（相当）short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one（一方面）thing to spend some time going（探究）through a book on family history and to take the decision（决心）to investigate your own family's past. It is quite（的确）another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and cause（引起）yourself many problems which could have been avoided（避免）with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected（有关系）with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just treat（当作）it as aninteresting possibility. A simple system for（用）collecting and storing your information willbe adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your way（道路）. The mostimportant thing, though, is to get（被）started. Who knows what you might （可能）find ?+第十五篇Helen and Martin海伦和马丁With a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. Would （将要）her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up (放弃)_ waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened(变淡)_ until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. curiosity(好奇心) to see what had become(发生…事) of her brother.Almost without warning(预兆) , Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New Y ork as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't bothered(烦扰) to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence(对…有信心) in her own judgment growing. Ignoring(不顾) the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through(过程中)her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was gaining(获得) a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on(靠)from her paintings.Of course, she took(对) no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't help(忍不住)looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet(暗暗地) satisfaction at what she had achieved.。