新编高考英语阅读理解专项训练09 说明文练习
说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)
说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost- effective care. IBM's Watson diagnoses (诊断) heart disease better than cardiologists (心脏病专家) do. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Some forecast that medical AI will enter 90% of hospitals and replace as much as 80% of what doctors currently do. Yet, as our recent research suggests, patients show a strong resistance to medical AI.The reason, we found, is not the belief that AI provides lower care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly or less informative. Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one's specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. No wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome.There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients' resistance to medical AI. For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient's unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualized health care by explaining how the algorithms (算法) work and sharing patients' reviews with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more willing to accept AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the ultimate decision.AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressivethem will require that we first overcome patients' doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care.1．What made people resist the medical AI?A. A sufferer's temper ignored by medical AI.B. People's lasting trust in a human doctor's ability.C. The concern about its personalization in treatment.D. The accuracy of the information from medical AI.2．What can be a solution to patients' resistance according to the author?A. Treating sufferers as average patients.B. Providing a more specific treatment.C. Getting the algorithms prioritized in time.D. Keeping away from the influence of a physician.3．Which word can replace the underlined word "harnessing" in the last paragraph?A. Weakening.B. Storing.C. Destroying.D. Using.4．What is the suitable title for the text?A. Advantages of Medical AIB. Potential Application of AIC. How AI Replaces Nurses in HealthcareD. The Challenge That Medical AI FacesWith nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas coming from all types of transportation, can we keep ourselves off gas-powered vehicles to avoid the worst effects? As more governments push for urgent action on climate change, quite a few companies are betting their future—that millions of consumers are finally ready for electric-powered vehicles. Modern battery-powered cars are selling fast and zero-emission(排放) planes are coming. These changes, both leading to a more sustainable future, are reinventing how we get from here to there.Cars and trucks have undergone their greatest improvement since the automobile's existence more than a century ago. Almost overnight, the era of the electric car has arrived. Electricity has the advantage that it works without smell and with less noise. Global annual sales of electric vehicles are expected to soar from just over 3 million today to 14 million by2025. Just a month after Ford unveiled an electric version of the popular F-150, customers had reserved more than 100,000 of them. The price is about $10,000 above the gas-powered one, but Ford says the electric model will cost much less to maintain. Everything creating a green revolution on the ground is of limited help in the sky for the time being.High-storage batteries are useless at present when it comes to the technological challenge of launching a few hundred people into the sky and carrying them thousands of miles. No battery yet invented can power, say, a Boeing 747 from New York to London. Promising improvements, however, do add up. Developments with zero-emission, battery-powered electric engines are already happening in commercial flights, involving trips of limited duration and distance. Airlines specializing in short journeys with small planes will lead theway to electric flights.Our planet's health depends on zeroing out carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed to address the climate challenge, the shift away from gas-powered vehicles remains far too slow. Nevertheless, the train has left the station. Someday, electric-powered transportation will be as common5．Why are many companies switching to electric-powered vehicles?A.To reinvent the way we travel.B.To cut the costs of car production.C.To improve the quality of products.D.To pursue sustainable development.6．What do we know about the electric car?A.It came into use a century ago.B.It enjoys increasing popularity.C.It sells better than the traditional one.D.It costs less than the gas-powered one. 7．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A.To show the disadvantages of battery power.B.To emphasize the significance of short flights.C.To state the developments of commercial flights.D.To stress the future prospects of electric planes.8．What does the author mean by saying "the train has left the station"?A.Train transportation has improved.B.Green transportation is on its way.C.The electric train is running regularly.D.The gas-powered train has become the past.Technology has revolutionized (使革命化) the way we work in many ways. One of the most significant changes has been the shift towards remote and flexible work. With the rise of internet and cloud-based software, workers are no longer tied to a physical office and can work from anywhere with an internet connection. This has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance, as well as reduced commuting (通勤) time and costs.Another major change is the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence in the workplace. This has the potential to increase efficiency and productivity, as well as reduce the need for certain types of work. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement and the need for workers to adapt to new technologies.Finally, technology has greatly expanded the types of jobs available. With the rise of the gig (临时工) economy and freelance (自由职业者) work, workers can now find opportunities in areas such as graphic design (平面设计), copywriting (文案撰写), and socialmedia management. This has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.9．What is the shift in the way we work brought about by technology?A. Flexible and remote work.B. Tying people to a physical office.C. Increased commuting and travel.D. Higher costs and lower productivity. 10．What is the impact of internet and cloud-based software on the way we work?A. It has reduced work-life balance.B. It has increased commuting time and costs.C. It has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance.D. It has caused job displacement.11．What are the potential benefits of automation and AI in the workplace?A. Increased job displacement.B. Reduced efficiency and productivity.C. Increased efficiency and productivity.D. Increased commuting and travel.12．What has technology allowed for in terms of job availability?A. Technology has decreased the number of available jobs.B. Technology has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.C. Technology has only impacted traditional office jobs.D. Technology has increased commuting time and costs.Penguins are survivors. Modern species of the adorable birds resist freezing temperatures or dive deep in swift currents. In fact, penguins have been doing their adorable thing for millions of years. Prehistoric penguin species date back to the days of the dinosaurs. A team of researchers in New Zealand have discovered one more member of the ancient family, a tiny and distinctly precious species newly known as Eudyptula wilsonae. Its name, which comes from a New Zealand respected seabird researcher Kerry-Jayne Wilson MNZM, means Wilson's little penguin. Explaining in their recent paper, the researchers detail how the examination of small fossilized skulls(颅骨) led to the classification of this cute creature who lived 50 million years ago.Two fossils were discovered on New Zealand's North Island. Only the skulls are still in existence, and they are slightly narrower than those of modern little penguins which currently frolic(嬉戏) along the island's coasts. From the one young and one adult skull, the researchers determined it was a new species. They likely stood just about a foot tall and weighed2 pounds, much like the modern penguins. In fact, the new species may bea late Pliocene ancestor of the modern birds."This is important when thinking about the origins of these penguins, the evolution of the seabird diversity of New Zealand and the dynamic environment in which they live," co-author Daniel Thomas said in a statement. "For one thing, the climate has changed a lot over this time, and this lineage has been robust(强健的) to those changes." In fact, recent warming has resulted in new challenges for modern little penguins-many starved to death in 2022 as fish moved to cooler waters beyond the diving abilities of the penguins.Ancient penguins' ability to survive when temperatures were warmer in their own time might have modern applications. As cute as these fossilized small penguins are, the modern variety needs humans to look beyond their sweet nature to recognize the complexity of their survival.13．What is Eudyptula wilsonae's name related to?A. A site.B. A shape.C. A person.D. Penguin's appearance.14．What is the feature of the new species?A. They look like modern birds.B.They enjoyed playing by the coasts.C. They share similar heights to modern penguins.D. They are heavier than modern penguins.15．What can be inferred from the third paragraph?A. Thomas attached insufficient importance to the finding.B. The living environment of penguins is worsening.C. The changing climate has little effect on penguins.D. Many fish died due to changes in water temperature.16．Where is the text most likely from?A. An essay from a scientific magazine.B. An introduction to a book.C.A guidebook to biology research.D. A review of penguins' evolution.“Pale Moon rains. Red Moon blows. White Moon neither rains nor snows.” For generations, people have watched the Moon for signs of changes in the weather. The Moon does, in fact, affect the Earth’s climate and weather patterns in different ways.The most obvious effect the Moon has on the Earth can be seen in the ocean tides. A world without tides would have very different weather systems. Tides are one factor that influences the movement of ocean currents, which move warm or cool water around the Earth. Thus, the water temperature changes. Warm ocean currents bring warmer and wetter weather,while cold ocean currents bring colder and drier weather.the amount of Arctic ice. Tidal forces (潮汐力) act to break up ice sheets and change ocean heat flows, changing the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean. Satellite measurements have shown that the poles are 0.55℃ warmer during a full Moon.The Moon’s influence, sometimes slight and sometimes strong, has had an important impact on life on Earth. Some scientists argue that it is the Moon that made life possible in the first place. The Moon makes the Earth move steadily as it is spinning (自转), helping to give us a steady climate. Without it, the Earth would lose balance. The Moon is our closest friend, without which the Earth would be a very lonely place.17．Why do people watch the Moon according to Paragraph 1?A. To appreciate the moon.B. To record weather patterns.C. To prepare for extreme weather.D. To observe signs of weather changes 18．What impact does the Moon have on the Earth?A. It influences water temperatureB. It makes weather hard to predictC. It turns the earth colder and drier.D. It changes the size of ocean currents. 19．What does the underlined word “fluctuations” mean?A. Change.B. Increase.C. Flow.D. Measurement. 20．What is the best title for the passage?A. Changes of Ocean Heat Flows.B. Patterns of the Earth’s Climate.C. Causes of Changes in Polar Weather.D. Effects of the Moon on Global Weather Osa is an athletic yet stubborn 62-pound German shepherd. The six-year-old dog has mastered the art of sniffing(嗅,闻) out cancer and is key to a research project that has the potential to change oncology(肿瘤学).Osa is part of an ambitious effort launched five years ago at the University of Pennsylvania that aims to develop one of the most powerful scent-detection(气味探测) machines in the world: the canine nose. She is able to distinguish between blood samples (样本) taken from cancer patients and healthy people simply by sniffing them.In fact, Osa is one of five cancer-detection dogs trained by Annemarie DeAngelo and her workmates at the university’s Penn Vet Working Dog Centre. The most important goal is to develop an “electronic sniffer” that can have similar cancer-sniffing superpowers of Osa and her pals. Osa arrived at the Penn Vet Working Dog Centre from a breeder at two months ofage. Ever since, she has taken training. The process is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dog has mastered the most basic task of all. Finally, she has succeeded in sniffing out cancer. To change Osa’s outstanding abilities into an electronic nose, researchers use a similar way to train the machine.An electronic nose prototype(原型,模型) has been built, and it’s successful in sniffing out cancer 90 to 95 percent of the time. That team has also correctly detected different types of cancer, and is building a cancer-detecting device for the National Institutes of Health. One aim is to be able to distinguish between early-stage and late-stage cancer. “It would be amazing to ide ntify people at an early stage and really have an effect on saving lives,” says a researcher. “The dogs have been able to detect that. With that ability, a blood test could be sent to a central lab, or ideally performed in a doctor’s office, making some hi dden cancers a thing of the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be completed soon. 21．What can we learn about Osa from the first two paragraphs?A. She uses nose to detect the presence of cancer.B. She can change the course of the oncology.C. She was too stubborn to join the research.D. She used to be an athletic German shepherd.22．Which of the following best describes the training according to Paragraph 3?A. Purposeful.B. Boring.C. Strict.D. Endless.23．What can we infer from t he researcher’s words?A. Distinguishing cancers is important in early experiments.B. Blood tests will be more difficult in the future.C. There will be more dogs tested for detecting cancer.D. The hidden cancers may be detected by an electronic nose soon.24．What is the text mainly about?A. The result of a study on dogs’ life.B. The role of dogs in detecting cancers.C. The importance of having a blood test.D. The ways to distinguish cancers.参考答案1．答案：C解析：细节理解题。
高考英语专题练之说明文阅读
2022高考英语专题练之说明文阅读（A）If you want to stay in shape, but don’t have the time to go to the gym, the Mobile Gym is a good solution. It’s basically a large bus filled with the latest fitness equipment. You can find everything you need for a complete workout, and here’s the best part — you don’t need to go to the gym, and the gym comes to you!The Mobile Gym was the idea of Adam Zickerman, founder of Inform Fitness, a popular chain of gyms across the United States. It hit him when he ordered lunch from a food truck one afternoon. So why not put a gym on a truck?Zickerman experimented with a few designs and then invested $60,000 on making adaptations and fixing machines. He didn’t really need an advertising budget as the bus advertised itself. Carole Pallmeyer, for instance, found herself driving behind the Mobile Gym one day. At first she thought it was a regular bus with ads for a gym. But then she realized the bus itself was a gym, so she booked workout sessions for her entire family. “We are all busy, but we know the bus is coming and make sure we are home at 4:30 for the workouts,” she said. “You forget you’re on a bus because the workouts are tightly scheduled.”Unfortunately, it is illegal to use the fitness equipment while the bus is moving, so you don’t get to save time by working out during the rush time. It operates only once a week, only two clients ( 客户) can be accommodated at a time on the bus. And it doesn’t come cheap. Sessions start at $100, while in-house workouts are $65. But the Mobile Gym appears to be a big hit.“There are so many benefits to having the Mobile Gym come to you,” Zickerman said. “Only five to seven exercises complete a total-body workout when performed using our special equipment.” He also added that a 20-minute workout might sound easy, but it is really difficult and provides instant results. “It is very challenging and clients understand quickly why rest is important between workouts.”1．What inspired Zickerman to invent the Mobile Gym?A．A usual order for a meal.B．A casual visit to a gym.C．A tight schedule for workout.D．A specific experience of exercise. 2．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of the Mobile Gym?A.It saves much of clients’ time.B.It creates adequate private space.C.It offers special equipment needed for a total-body workout.D.It provides clients with an appropriate and effective workout.3.What’s Zickerman’s attitude towards the Mobile Gym?A.Concerned.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Optimistic.（B）“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets. That way, if an asteroid(小小小), a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most tempting destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that bombards the planet.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host microbial( 小小小小) life. Human visitors maydestroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay home?1.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Many experts insist that humans should take the risk.B.Mars is the most attractive destinations for human beings.C.Hawking firmly believes the only way to save humans is moving to Mars.D.All the other experts don’t agree with Hawking’s idea.2.Why do some experts disagree with the plan to colonize Mars?A.It will cost much more money to settle on Mars than on Earth.B.It is too long a distance from the Earth to the Mars.C.Human visitors will bring diseases to Martian environment.D.The deadly radiation that bombards the planet is the biggest danger.3.What’s the writing purpose of the passage?A.To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.B.To present different opinions on whether to move to the Mars.C.To arouse readers’ reflection on whether to colonize outer space.D.To inspire people to deal with the environmental problems.4.In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely from?A. Fiction.B. Current affairs.C. Social Studies.D. Science.（C）We use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive（认知的）processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve （检索）relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech,we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette （礼仪）rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, “OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at the University of Chicago. "It maintains people's trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.1. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.2. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.3. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A Problem（D）Researchers have found that most shy children,even the most painfully shy of them,are not shy adults.The process from shy to outgoing does not require treatment,behavior modification（矫正）or any extraordinary measures. It just happens.Most shy kids grow out of their shyness by their young adult years,and even those who do not get rid of it manage to cope with it reasonably well. They learn how to hide it,mostly because they realize that shyness puts them at a disadvantage in certain situations.I myself am a living example to the transformation.I was socially awkward until I went to college where I tried out for the role of a lead singer in a rock band and suddenly found myself on stage with four musicians behind me and hundreds of people in front of me. My social awkwardness didn't go away until I was forced to make a choice between shyness or being a campus rock star. That's a no-brainer for an 18-year-old. I had to cure myself of my lifelong shyness, and I did.But this article is not really about childhood shyness. It's about the distinction between a child's personality and behavior. Personality is just like a surface upon which an artist begins a painting. If the artist doesn't like the way his painting is progressing, he can paint over what he's done, but the surface remains as it was at the beginning-a constant (恒量）。
新高考英语阅读理解专项训练09 说明文练习
新高考英语阅读理解专项训练1Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1, 000. Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6, 800B. About 3,400C. About 2,400D. About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.2As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B.A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.3A build-it-yourself solar still （蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available ．Developed by two doctors in the U ．S ．Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector ．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes ． The only components required, though, are a 55''⨯ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water ．These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt ．To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep ．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity ．Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole ．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole ．Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock ． The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides ． The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup ．The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic ．Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup ． When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink ．32．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A ．It’s delicate ．B ．It’s expensive ．C ．It’s complex ．D ．It’s portable ．33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A ．The tube ．B ．The still ．C ．The hole ．D ．The cup ．34．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A ．Dig a hole of a certain size ．B ．Put the cup in place ．C ．Weight the sheet’s center down ．D ．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet ．35．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form ．A ．the plastic tubeB ．outside the holeC ．the open airD ．beneath the sheet4Terrafugia Inc．said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year．The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car．The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air．It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air．On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon．Around 100 people have already put down a $10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show．But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways．It’s expected to cost $279，000．And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic．The car needs a runway．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert．But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality．The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly．The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards．Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet．28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition．B．The advantages of flying cars．C．The potential market for flying cars．C．The designers of the Transition．29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A．It causes traffic jams．B．It is difficult to operate．C．It is very expensive．D．It bums too much fuel．30．What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious B．Favorable．C．Ambiguous．D．Disapproving．31．What is the best title for the text?A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition’s Fist FlightC．Pilots’ Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to Reality5Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” an d not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.32. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through Books6If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’saround. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.28. What can people do at the apple events?A. Attend experts’ lectures.B. Visit fruit-loving families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D. Taste many kinds of apples.29. What can we learn about Decio?A. It is a new variety.B. It has a strange look.C. It is rarely seen now.D. It has a special taste.30. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.参考答案1.BCBC2.DCBD3. DBCD4. ACBD5. BACD6.DCBB。
高考英语说明文阅读专题练习及答案
Well goes an old saying, no one is perfect.We all make mistakes,and we do so with regularity.Some errors are small.Some are bigger.And some are crucial.No one enjoys being wrong.It’s an unpleasant emotional experience for all of us.Hence,some of us admit we were wrong and say ,“Oops,you were right .We should listen to your advice.”Some of us kind of imply we were wrong,but we don’t do so explicitly.For instance,they would say,“The moment I heard your advice,I suddenly had a headache.”But some people refuse to admit they’re wrong,even in the face of overwhelming evidence.Why do they never admit they were wrong?The answer is related to their ego,their verysense-of-self.Some people have such a fragile ego,such brittle self-esteem,that admitting they made a mistake or that they were wrong is fundamentally too threatening for their ego to tolerate.Accepting,they were wrong ,absorbing the reality,would be so psychologically shattering.Their defense mechanisms do something remarkable to avoid doing so.As a result,they come up with statements that are fake.Admitting our mistakes is a process of being better.What we need to keep in mind is that we’re not supposed to say we’re wrong easily or stubbornly say we are right.Deal with such situation with rationality.1.The word underlined are similar in the meaning toA.OverdueB.OverlookedC.PreponderantD.Authentic2.What does the underlined word in the text refer toA.Someone never admits he was wrong.B.Someone admits the mistakes in a way that is not so satisfying to other people.C.Someone never makes mistakes.D.Someone admits the mistakes explicitly.3.What’s the best title for the passage?A.Admit you were wrong.B.It’s better to admit mistakes.C.What is fragile ego?D.Why certain people will never admit they were wrong.With the tremendously rapid development of the economy,our environment is being faced a great threat,global warming or pollution.Our companies are devoting ourselves to such problem.With our technology we capture carbon dioxide directly from the air. The air-captured carbon dioxide can either be recycled and used as a raw material, or completely removed from the air by safely storing it.Our machines consist of modular CO₂ collectors that can be stacked to build machines of any size.Grey emissions are below 10%, which means that out of 100 tons of carbon dioxide that our machines capture from the air, at least 90 tons are permanently removed and only up to 10 tons are re-emitted.The core element of our technology are the CO₂ collectors.Our CO₂ collectors selectively capture carbon dioxide in a two-step process. First, air is drawn into the collector with a fan. Carbon dioxide is captured on the surface of a highly selective filter material that sits inside the collectors. Second, after the filter material is full with carbon dioxide, the collector is closed. We increase the temperature to between 80 and 100 °C - this releases the carbon dioxide. Finally, we can collect this high-purity, high-concentration carbon dioxide.Leading scientific studies indicate that by mid-century 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide will need to be removed from the air every year. Direct air capture is one solution that can help achieve this goal. In order to scale direct air capture up to the levels required, we need to start today and act now.1.Where does this passage probably come from?A.Science magazine showC.Local newspaperD.Science lecture2.If the machine captured 200 tons CO₂,how much is re-emitted at most?A.180B.100C.20D.03.What ’s the structure of the passage?A.B.D.Could Antarctica become habitable in the next two centuries?Amazingly, the answer is yes! First, to be clear, we can live there now, but only with food shipped in. And no matter how intense global warming gets, Antarctica will always have one enemy: darkness.It’s conceivable that the temperatures on Antarctica, particularly on the coast, could be warm enough for “normal” people to live there, but the maximum solar angle is still so low for the entirety of the continent that plants would really struggle to survive.During the summer, the sun is above the horizon for long stretches, but always at low angles. During the spring and fall, the sun is above and below the horizon for roughly equal periods of time, but when the sun is above the horizon, it’s only barely so. And of course, in winter, it’s dark for very long stretches.These con ditions would be unsuitable for subsistence agriculture, but it turns out there’s a place very much like what the coast of Antarctica might be like on a much warmer Earth: Vesterålen, Northern Norway. This lovely Norwegian town is just north of the Arctic circle. The Antarctic coast is more or less on the Antarctic circle, and thus gets similar amounts of insolation. As you can from the pictures on this site, some plants do grow here, but you’d have to be pretty selective in your crop choice.Antarctica is currently very dry, but with climate change going the way it is, it’s possible that not only temperature but precipitation could significantly increased, and if it did, it’s possible that humans could live there without food from the outside.Two centuries is not that much time for our climate. If we continue burning fossil fuels without slowing down for the next 200 years, I suspect the coastal temperature in Antarctica might rise as much as 10 degrees Celsius, maybe even more. That’s enough for a legitim ate growing season, warm enough for grazing animals, and habitable enough for a self-sufficient human colony.1.What can we infer from this passage?A.We can live in Antarctica now.B.We will live in Antarctica in 200 years.C.We could plant various plants in Antarctica.D.The solar angle in summer is the biggest than any other seasons.2.What’s the main factor concerning plants growth in Antarctica according to the passage?A.InsolationB.WaterC.SoilD.Carbon Dioxide3.What’s the main purpose of this passage?A.To call our attention to protecting the environment.B.To explain why Antarctica could become habitable.C.To introduce us a new product regarding Antarctica.D.To attract people to sign up for a tour.There’s no two-ways about it, the Universe is an extremely big place! And thanks to the limitations placed upon us by Special Relativity, traveling to even the closest star systems could take millennia. The estimated travel time to the nearest star system (Alpha Centauri) could take anywhere from 19,000 to 81,000 years using conventional methods.For this reason, many theorists have recommended that humanity should rely on generation ships to spread the seed of humanity among the stars. Naturally, such a project presents many challenges, not the least of which is how large a spacecraft would need to be to sustain a multi-generational crew. In a new study, a team of international scientists addressed this very question and determined that a lot of interior space would be needed!The study, which recently appeared online, was led by Dr. Frederic Marin of the Astronomical Observatory of Strasbourg and Dr. Camille Beluffi, a particle physicist with the scientific start-up Casc4de. They were joined by Dr. Rhys Taylor of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Science, and Dr. Loic Grau of the structural engineering firm Morphosense.And they also made a little bit of success.1.Why many theorists have recommended that humanity should rely on generation ships to spread the seed of humanity among the stars?A.Because the spacecraft needs to be much larger.B.Because there is no way to accomplish it.C.Because travelling to even the closest star systems could take so much time.D.Because it’s the easiest method .2.What does the underlined word in the passage mean?A.HandleB.EmphasizeC.Put forwardD.Ignore3.What is most likely to be said in the following passage?A.The success they have made.B.The problem they have met.C.The reason they did this research.D.The time the research can be completed.THE THINKERAuguste Rodin (1840 -1917)1903BronzeH. 180 cm ; W. 98 cm ; D. 145 cmS.1295Cast made by Fonderie Alexis Rudier in 1904. Transfered to the musée Rodin in 1922.When conceived in 1880 in its original size (approx. 70 cm) as the crowning element of The Gates of Hell , seated on the tympanum, The Thinker was entitled The Poet. He represented Dante, author of the Divine Comedy which had inspired The Gates, leaning forward to observe the circles of Hell, while meditating on his work. The Thinker was therefore initially both a being with a tortured body, almost a damned soul, and a free-thinking man, determined to transcend his suffering through poetry. The pose of this figure owes much to Carpeaux’s Ugolino (1861) and to the seated portrait of Lorenzo de’ Medici carved by Michelangelo (1526-31).While remaining in place on the monumental Gates of Hell, The Thinker was exhibited individually in 1888 and thus became an independent work. Enlarged in 1904, its colossal version proved even more popular: this image of a man lost in thought, but whose powerful body suggests a great capacity for action, has become one of the most celebrated sculptures ever known. Numerous casts exist worldwide, including the one now in the gardens of the Musée Rodin, a gift to the City of Paris installed outside the Panthéon in 1906, and another in the gardens of Rodin’s house in Meudon, on the tomb of the sculptor and his wife.1.What kind of category the Thinker belongs?A.MusicB.StatueC.PaintingD.Architecture2.The raw material of Thinker is ?A IronB.GoldC.BronzeD.Silver。
高考英语说明文阅读训练
说明文阅读训练Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability.There are four parts in the book:Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages.Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.Part 3 is Places: In this part, too. Many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcarD．There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text.I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it.59．We can find the introduction to a product in .A．Part 1 B．Part 2 C．Part 3 D．Part 460．Which of the following is most probably written in informal English?A．A letter of complaint. B．A computer handbook.C．A letter to a frienD．D．A story of a president.61．The passage is most probably written for .A．test designers B．students C．test-takers D．teachers62．What is the best title of the book?A．Test Your Reading B．Help with Your WritingC．Learn Different Kinds of English D．Practise English in Different WaysA device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband．The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the markets will bring the product to market within about a year.72．According to the text, Driver Alert _____.A．aims to reduce tiredness-related accidentsB．has gone through testing at laboratoriesC．aims to prevent drivers from sleepingD．has been on sale for 12 months73．How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?A．By sounding a warning. B．By touching the wristband．C．By checking the driving time. D．By pressing the steering wheel.74．We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is _____.A．about 400 milliseconds B．below 500 millisecondsC．over 500 milliseconds D．about 4 minutes75．When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert _____.A．moves more regularly B．stops working properlyC．opens the window for the driver D．sounds more frequently and loudlyWhile income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon（现象）is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”（空巢综合症）.In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response（回应）in time for their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as “distant parent phenomenon”, which is common both in d eveloped countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”. 68．According to the passage, the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused by _________.A．their earlier experience of feeling lonelyB．the unfavorable living conditions in their native countriesC．the common worry about their incomeD．the geographical distance between parents and children69．Many young people have gone abroad, leaving their aged parents behind, to _________.A．live in the countries with more moneyB．seek a better place for their aged parentsC．continue their studies abroadD．realize their dreams in foreign countries70．If young people go abroad, _________.A．they do not hold to the value of duty at allB．they can give some help to their parents back homeC．they cannot do what they should for their parentsD．they believe what they actually do is right71．From the last paragraph, we can infer that ________.A．the situations in the developed and developing countries are differentB．“Empty Nest Syndrome” has arrived unexpectedly in our societyC．children will become independent as soon as they go abroadD．the aged parents are not fully prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”There are two kinds of physical activity which require special training. The first demands exact careful movements of the muscles（肌肉）. This kind of activity must be strictly controlled because even a slight movement in the wrong direction will lead a mistake. To type quickly, for example, a person needs training; the slightest movement of a finger in the wrong direction may cause a spelling mistake. A dancer who has to dance on the point of her shoes or turn around on one foot must be trained for a long period of time before she can sense her own center and balance herself. You may have seen a girl walking on a rope across an empty space, which, too, requires a lot of practice.The second kind of physical activity needs greater strength or extra effort. Most of us get tired if we try to run half a mile without stopping, but a specially-trained person can do this without much effort. Three years ago, some scientists carried out experiments, which produced meaningful and unexpected results. They wanted to find out whether a certain amount of physical exercise would injure those suffering from heart problems. They selected some male patients and trained them in continuous bicycle riding. They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of given amount of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly trained．This is important because it shows that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen（氧气）we breathe in and that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work our hearts do. Many tasks which are hard for untrained people are not hard at all for trained people.72．The first kind of physical activity must be strictly controlled because _________.A．a mistake in the wrong direction is dangerous to the fingersB．a wrong movement in a direction will cause no mistakesC．a movement in the wrong direction will cause a mistakeD．a slight movement of a finger will lead to a mistake73．What must a dancer do before she can balance herself?A．She must dance on the point of her shoes.B．She must receive long-time training.C．She must turn around on one foot.D．She must perform again and again.74．The experiments done by some scientists showed that ________.A．some male patients were asked to ride bicycles regularly in the experimentsB．the physical exercise had more harmful effect on the hearts of the untrained patientsC．the physical exercise was harmless to the male patients with heart troubleD．the physical exercise could be helpful for the patients to take in more oxygen 75．What would be the best title for this text?A．Training Our Bodies B．Physical ActivitiesC．Movement Training D．Extra Body Effort"Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?" asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh．"There is certainly a lot of energy in waves," he said．Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity．Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean．"The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪) , but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves," Taylor saiD．“Waves are one of nature 's ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”When waves come toward the shore, people can set up dams to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机) ．The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity."The resource is huge," said Janet Swain of the World watch Institute．"We will never run out of wave power．" Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil or coal．Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth's surface - that would make wave power seem ideal for creating energy throughout the world, though there are some weak points yet to overcome．Swain said that wave power still costs too much money．She also said that its effects on sea animals are still unknown．What is more, wave power could affect fishing and boat traffiC．Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out．"Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is rising rapidly throughout the world," Swain said．In the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!64．The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _______.A．test the readers' knowledge about wavesB．draw the readers' attention to the topicC．show Jamie Taylor's importanceD．invite the readers to answer them65．The underlined phrase "picking up" (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _______.A．starting again B．speeding up C．gathering D．improving66．We can make better use of wave energy if we _______.A．shorten its journey to thousands of homesB．build more small power stations on the oceansC．reduce the cost of turning it into electric powerD．quicken the steps of producing electricity67．It can be inferred that some day we might not worry about ________.A．air pollution B．our boat trafficC．our power supply D．our supply of sea fishTo extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguishers have been inventeD．They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers.Since fuel, oxygen (氧气) and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.69．If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?A．Sand B．WaterC．A blanket. D．An extinguisher.69．To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is an example of .A．separating the fire B．reducing the heatC．removing the fuel D．cutting off the oxygen70．In choosing how to put out a fire, we should first be clear about .A．when it breaks out B．how it comes aboutC．what kind it is D．where it takes place71．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A．Another class of fires B．Another type of extinguishersC．How fires break out. D．How fires can be prevented．A new eight-kilometre road is under construction that links the port area with the motorwaysystem. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day,which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre ofthe city. As part of the project, two four-kif0metre road tunnelsare being built below the central area of the city, one for trafficto the north and the other for traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 metres below the surface and are 12 metres wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electronic signs at frequent intervals (间隔). They show traffic conditions ahead, and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining(混凝土衬砌).Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system (排水系统), just below the road surface on one aide, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel, and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.72．Each of the tunnels under construction is ___________.A．eight kilometres long and twenty metres wideB．eight kilometres long and six metres wideC．four kilometres long and twenty metres wideD．four kilometres long and six metres wide73．Which part of the tunnel in the diagram is used to pipe out extra water?A．1．B．3．C．5．D．6．74．Driving in the tunnel, one can know the traffic conditions ahead through ________.A．the lights B．the electronic signs C．the trucks and cars D．the emergency phones 75．The passage is mainly about _____________.A．the construction of a road B．the design of a roadC．the construction of two tunnels D．the design of two tunnels。
2022届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解专题练习之说明文
2022高考英语阅读理解专题练习之说明文（A）Imagine you had never tasted lemonade. You would still probably assume that lemon juice mixed with sugar tastes better than lemon juice alone. Because you know what lemons taste like, and you know what sugar tastes like.You can recall those past experiences, and make a prediction about your response to something new. Researchers call the ability to predict our future emotional state "affective forecasting". And some have suggested that the skill is unique to humans. But is it?“We combined different liquids and asked participants, the orangutan （猩猩）and the humans, to predict what such novel liquid combinations taste like, and whether they prefer one or the other,” Lund University cognitive scientist Gabriela-Alina Saueiuc told us.She and her colleagues offered their cocktails（鸡尾酒）to a 21-year-old male orangutan named Naong, who lives in Sweden's Furuvik Zoo. They used four ingredients-cherry juice, rhubarb juice, lemon juice, and apple cider vinegar-which they combined into six unfamiliar mixtures. Altogether, that made for 24 possible comparisons of one drink against another.Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Then he got to choose from the two sets before him. And in 21 of the 24 trials, Naong matched the researchers' predictions：that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients. For example, since he liked rhubarb juice better thanlemon juice, he also preferred rhubarb-cherry juice to lemon-cherry juice-despite having had no experience with either.“We are impressed with Naong's ability to be so consistent in his choices. " Both human and orangutan species seemed to make consistent choices about future events even if they had no previous experience to guide their decision-making.It's a single study with a single orangutan. But probably we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be specific to our species. Perhaps what’s truly unique about us is our ongoing search for something unique about us.1. What did the scientists ask Noang to do in the study?A. Separate drink ingredients.B. Choose one out of two mixed drinks.C. Combine drinks into mixtures.D. Taste novel liquid combinations.2. What is a precondition for the study?A. Naong could appreciate cocktails.B. Naong could read the scientists' mind.C. Naong was unfamiliar with the ingredients,D. Naong had a preference for certain ingredients.3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Similar research findings are expected to follow.B. The research has drawn a safe conclusion.C. There is a list of all the uniquely human skills.D. Animals equal humans in every way.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Orangutan Taught to Make Predictions.B. Intelligence Found in the Animal Kingdom.C. Affective Forecasting：Not Unique to Humans.D. The On-going Search for Uniquely Human Skills.（B）In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on .Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: whatcan we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life? What is our plan B for Earth?One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martianexploration is greater than ever before. Besides, more governments are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet.There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it's the only one we have!1. What was the biggest threat to humans in the 1960s and 1970s?A. Human race themselves.B. All advanced life forms.C. Nuclear missiles.D. Environmental problems.2. Why is Mars so attractive to scientists?A. It's closest to the earth.B. It has relatively appropriate living conditions.C. It has drawn the public's attention in recent years.D. It has a more hostile environment.3. What can be inferred from the passage? /A. Humans have visited Mars.B. The Biosphere 2 experiment proved to be valueless.C. Humans will have to go and live on another planet.D. Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.4. From which magazine would the passage probably be taken?A. The Traveler.B. Environmental Concerns.C. All About Space.D. Biology for Fun,（C）With over 4.1 billion people，or around 55 percent of the world’s population，living in urban areas，cities and towns worldwide are getting increasingly jammed．In addition to spending hours stuck in traffic，residents are also exposed to high air pollution levels caused by transportation emissions(排放)．Now，Saudi Arabia hopes to overturn urban living with“The Line”—a futuristic city designed around nature，without cars，roads and crowded places!The totally different city，announced on January 10，2021，is the brainchild of Saudi Crown Prince(王储)Mohammed bin Salman(MBS)．Located in Neom，a 10，000-square-mile high-tech planned development on the Red Sea coast，The Line will be the base of MBS’s Saudi Vision 2030．The strategic plan a ims to diversify Saudi Arabia’s oil-dependent economy into other fields，like tourism，and create exciting job opportunities for its citizens．The 105-mile-long city，expected to cost between $100 billion and $200 billion，will be built along a straight line and comprise several self-sustaining communities．To ensure all services are within a short，five-minute walk，each community will feature a three-layer infrastructure(基础设施)．There will be no cars or roads on the top“pedestrian layer”，so residents can freely walk and bike in the surrounding green spaces．The second“service layer”，will include all essential daily services，such as schools，medical clinics，leisure facilities，and grocery stores．The third“spine layer”will house ultra-high-speed transportation and autonomous vehicles transporting residents across communities in less than 20 minutes．The entire city will be powered with renewable clean energy sources such as solar and wind，and possibly even hydrogen．If all goes according to the plan，construction of this groundbreaking，complex infrastructure project will start before the end of 2021．In addition to providing up to a million residents with a clean and stress-free living environment，The Line is expected to create 380，000 new jobs，promote economic diversification，and contribute a shocking $48 billion to Saudi Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP)by 2030．More importantly，MBS believes it will provide governments worldwide a blueprint for how people and planet can co-exist in harmony．1．Where can you purchase a bike if living in The Line?A．Pedestrian layer．B．Service layer．C．Spine layer．D．The green spaces．2．Which of the following can best describe the project of The Line?A．Widely-accepted．B．Ill-considered．C．Risk-taking．D．Mind-blowing．3．What does MBS think is the most important effect of The Line?A．To facilitate Saudi economic diversification．B．To offer a model for nature-man integration．C．To boost the government’s finances．D．To create more job opportunities．4．What might be the best title of the text?A．Saudi Vision for Environmental ProtectionB．The Construction of The Line Is UnderwayC．MBS：An Influential Leader of Saudi ArabiaD．MB S’Vision of a Futuristic Zero Carbon City（D）This year, new technologies will enable more drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel （方向盘）while on the road. But that doesn't mean their cars will be fully self-driving --- that day still remains far in the future.Automakers like General Motors （GM）, Ford and Stellantis are introducing, or upgrading existing technologies. But in the words of Kay Stepper, an automated driving expert, these systems are "feet off' and "hands off', but they will not be "eyes off" or “mind off'.For the time being, these systems will only be used on limited-access highways, where there are no pedestrians or bicyclists. Vehicles with this technology will be able to drive at relatively high speeds, but only in simple traffic situations.Bryan Reimer, a researcher with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AgeLab, said it will be decades before people can buy truly self-driving cars in which humans ride as passengers.Still, the technology that will be rolled out by the major automakers this year will do more than most so-called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS, do now.GM's Super Cruise system allows drivers to completely let go of the steering wheel whiledriving on selected highways. It was introduced in 2017 on the Cadillac CT6 sedan, which was discontinued last year. An improved version is coming this year on the Cadillac Escalade SUV and the Cadillac CT4 and CT5 sedans.Super Cruise only works on highways that have been previously laser-mapped in three dimensions. GPS positioning and the vehicles, radar sensors （传感器）and cameras are used to enable drivers to unhand -- and unfoot —all the controls.Drivers still need to pay attention, however. A camera in the car makes sure the driver is looking at the road at all times. If the driver looks away from the road for more than a few seconds, the system will stop working.1. At present, what can the self-driving cars do?A. They can drive freely on city streets.B. They can run without human drivers.C. They handle complex road conditions on their own.D. They allow drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel.2. What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about?A. GM's Super Cruise system.B. GM's latest car models.C. GM's development plan.D. GM's close competitors.3. What can we infer from the words of Kay Stepper?A. People need to trust new technology.B. People still need to pay attention.C. People can look away from the road.D. People can't unhand all the controls.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. It's High Time to Get a New CarB. The Industrial Revolution Is UnderwayC. Super Cruise Does More than Most ADASD. The Real Self-driving Remains Far Away（E）Unless you're very young or very old, it's likely you have some kind of relationship withemail, whether you get hundreds of messages a day or a few dozen a week. A new study suggests that how we deal with these incoming messages could be affecting our stress levels and overall health.A team from the Future Work Centre in the UK surveyed 2,000 people across various industries, sectors, and job roles, asking participants how they managed their email and how much associated stress they felt as a result. Overall, those who spent the most time organising and staying on top of messages felt the most emailrelated pressure too.“While email can be a valuable communication to ol，it's clear that it's a source of stress and frustration for many of us. The people who reported it being most useful to them also reported the highest levels of email pressure，” said one of the team, Richard MacKinnon.Two of the habits linked to more emailrelated stress were checking for messages the first thing in the morning and the last thing at night. Half of those surveyed had push notifications(消息推送) set up for new email，while 62 percent of respondents left their email app open all day and all night. Both were linked to higher levels of email pressure. The survey also found that managers suffered more than nonmanagers.Stress is not just a problem when it comes to our mood－it's been linked to a lot of disorders such as heart disease，weight gain, memory impairment(减弱), digestive problems, and depression.The researchers suggest that the relationship between emailrelated stress and the negative impact on home life is not the same for everyone.1．What's the purpose of the study?A．To find out how many people have an email account.B．To know what sort of people use email most.C．To find out how email management is related to stress.D．To show what changes email has brought about to people.2．What does Richard MacKinnon think of email?A．It brings more strengths. B．It is not an essential tool.C．It is a doubleedged sword. D．It makes people puzzled.3．Which of the following habits causes the most stress?A．Checking email in the morning.B．Checking email in the evening.C．Keeping email app open at work.D．Setting up push notifications for new email.4．Where does the text most probably come from?A．Science fiction. B．A science reportC．A fashion magazine. D．A book guide.（F）Attention to the fight against climate change tends to be focused on trees, but 75%of the planet's surface is covered by the ocean, and a natural process taking place underwater has excited scores of investors at the recent World Economic Forum who may want to help.During the recent wildfires in the Amazon rainforest, journalists often described trees as the “lungs of the world”, but that title most certainly belongs to phytoplankton, which alone refreshes nearly 50%of the atmospheric oxygen on planet earth, the value of four Amazons.And, in the effort to stop the warming of the planet, our greatest assistants could belong to whales, because of the great amount of their excrement left in the sea.A new paper published by economist Dr. Ralph Chianti highlights the influence that whales, especially blue whales, and their excrement have on climate change. It is all due to whales' excrement in the diets of phytoplankton.The tiny marine algae floats at the center of several marine food webs, and they provide food for a host of sea creatures including whales, while also requiring whales' excrement to feed on. They also require CO2 to survive, just like trees.Whales, after deep-sea dives for krill, return to the surface and release excrement, which is rich in nitrogen and iron, into the top ocean layer, which provides a key food source for phytoplankton.In his paper, Dr. Chiami suggests that since phytoplankton populations expand wherever whales are,a significant effort should be made to fight against climate change by encouraging the growth and protection of whale populations. “At a minimum, even a 1% increase in phytoplankton productivity thanks to whale activity would capture hundreds of millions of tons of additional CO2 a year, which is equal to the sudden appearance of 2 billion mature trees,” says Chiami.1．What makes the investors excited?A．Trees' function as “lungs of the world”.B．Phytoplankton's ability to create oxygen.C．The success of the World Economic Forum.D．People's continuous fight against climate change.2．Why are whales called our assistants in fighting global warming?A．They refresh much oxygen.B．They never send out CO2.C．They kill much phytoplankton.D．They supply food to phytoplankton.3．Which can best describe the relationship between phytoplankton and whales?A．Complex. B．Competitive.C．Interdependent. D．Distant.4．What does Chiami advise us to do?A．Rebuild food webs. B．Try to protect whales.C．Grow more phytoplankton. D．Restrict population explosion.参考答案A.BDACB.CBDBC.BDBDD.DABDDBF.BDCB。
高考英语阅读理解-说明文8篇真题训练
高考英语阅读理解-说明文8篇真题训练高考英语复习阅读理解专练说明文8篇Passage 1(2017北京,C)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which pro tects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccinesfor all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons/doc/7511237274.htmlrmation about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when .A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Passage 2(2017天津,A)Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDon’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all”to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.Passage 3(2017天津,D)I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from thebody and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waitingfor your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waitin g for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to .A.keep ourselves busyB.get absent-mindedC.grow anxiousD.stay focused2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B.It doesn’t always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D.It doesn’t give people faith and h ope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.B.Don’t rely on others.C.Do something else.D.Don’t lose heart.5.The author supports his view by .A.exploring various causes of “waits”B.describing detailed processes of “waits”C.analyzing different categories of “waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”Passage 4(2017浙江,B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,”says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of theproblem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago,schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids’sleeping habits.B.Teenagers’sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents’examples.D.They don’t ne ed to go to school early.Passage 5(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a dayto raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black an d white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and ourthoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue thosedialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz DayPassage 6(2016课标Ⅲ,C)If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to thelimited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’lec tures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the under lined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.Passage 7(2015课标Ⅰ,C)Salvador Dali(1904—1989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence ofMemory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out offocus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dali’s Th e Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the best TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents. Passage 8(2014课标Ⅰ,B)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been theirundoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the /doc/7511237274.htmlmercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need forwood,which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farthernorth,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting thekilling of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US2.The underlined word “undoing”probably re fers to the pigeons’.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasure.B.To save other birds.C.To make money.D.To protect crops.4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the public.B.It was declared too late.C.It was unfair.D.It was strict.答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。
2022届高三英语阅读专题新编训练之说明文(含答案及部分解析)
2022高三英语阅读专题训练之说明文（A）The third-generation hybrid rice which was developed by Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", and his team ran its first public yield monitoring from Monday to Tuesday and achieved high output. The final yield of the tested variety, G3-1S/P19, came to1046.3 kg per mu （about 667 square meters）, based on two pieces of land in Qingzhu Village under the city of Hengyang in central China's Hunan Province."Some previous high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in China took 160 to even 180 days from sowing to harvesting, while the figure was shortened to around 125 days for the new variety. This is one of the most important features of the third-generation hybrid rice that can reduce the use of pesticides（X虫剂）and fertilizers, thus reducing cost and improving production efficiency." said Qian Qian, the deputy director of the China National Rice Research Institute.Unlike the previous two generations that required a large amount of water and fertilizers as well as demanding growing conditions and technological support, the third-generation hybrid rice is easier to be cultivated（种植）by ordinary farmers. So the soil, altitude and climate of the test site were not "ideal conditions" carefully selected beforehand but were close to the paddies（稻田）of ordinary farmers.Nowadays. China's average yield of rice is about 500 kg per mu. Ordinary farmers can produce 600 kg to 700 kg of rice per mu by growing some excellent second-generation hybrid rice varieties. However, under the same planting conditions and environment, the yield of the third-generation hybrid rice could reach 800 kg per mu. China now feeds around 20 percent of the world's population with less than 9 percent of the world's arable（可耕种的）land.At present, Yuan's team has nine third-generation hybrid rice combinations under trial, which are expected to achieve commercial seed production in the following three to four years and hope to apply the technology into the research of sea rice. The third-generation hybrid rice has the comprehensive strength to promote a greener and more sustainable development of China's rice production with higher quality and yield.1．What feature of the new hybrid rice does Qian Qian mainly talk about?A．It saves a lot more water. B．It has a shorter growing period.C．It saves much more farmland. D．It achieves a higher yield.2．Why is the new hybrid rice not tested in ideal areas?A．The ordinary farmers master planting technology.B．The researchers want to reduce the experiment cost.C．The growing conditions the new hybrid rice needs are simple.D．The previous rice farming provides researchers with experience.3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A．The high output of the third-generation hybrid rice.B．The future of the new hybrid rice variety.C．The advanced technology of the research on hybrid rice.D．The differences between the three hybrid rice varieties.4．Where is this text most likely from?A．A news report. B．A guide book.C．An advertisement. D．A fashion magazine.（B）The snow in Antarctica is turning green and scientists say climate change may be to blame. According to a study at the Cambridge University, microscopic algae blooms (藻类爆发) across the surface of the snow is slowly turning Antarctica’s winter white landscape green. Although microscopic, scientis ts say they’re able to see the “green snow” from space when the algae blooms all together.Researchers created a large-scale map of green snow algae along the Antarctic coast using a combination of satellite data and on-the-ground observations over the course of two summers. The study found that the green snow algae bloomed in warmer areas where the average temperatures are just above 0℃during the southern hemisphere’s (半球的) summer months from November to February.“As Antarctica warms, we predict the overall mass of snow algae will increase,” said Dr Andrew Gray, lead author of the paper, and a researcher. Researchers say larger blooms of algae can be found north of the Antarctic and South Shetland Islands, where it can spread to higher ground as the snow melts.The team also discovered some sea birds and mammals influenced the distribution of algae. Over 60% of algae blooms were found within three miles of a penguin settlement. Scientists hypothesize this may be due to their droppings which act as a “highly nutritious fertilizer.”“This is a significant advance in our understanding of land-based life on Antarctica, and how it might change in the coming years as the climate warms,” said Dr. Matt Davey in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Plant Scie nces, who led the study.1.What is turning the Antarctic snow green?A. The melting of snow.B. The blooming algae.C. The beautiful landscape.D. The balanced temperature.2.Where is microscopic algae most likely to bloom in Antarctica?A. North of the Antarctic.B. West of the South Pole.C. South of the Antarctic.D. Around the southern hemisphere.3. What does the underlined word “hypothesize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Confirm.B. Support.C. Assume.D. Warn.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Penguins feed on microscopic algae.B. Antarctic algae grow under the snow.C. Ground observation lasted for four months.D. Animal droppings contribute to the algae blooms.（C）It is generally supped that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798. However it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development. The Ro-manticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848. Polit ically, “was inspired by the revolutions in America and France. Emo-tionally, it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience to-gether with the sense of the limitless and the transcendental(超验的). In Britain, Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge, Blake and Burns. The sec-ond generation of British Romantics—Byron, Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences, wrote quickly, travelled widely and their life stories and letters became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry.Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic. It is, in fact, a collective term to mean certain characteristics? such as mysticism, humanism, super naturalism? love of beauty, love of nature, love of equality. The chief characteristics of romantic poetry are as the following：Subjectivity：All romantic literature is subjective. It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist The poet gives free expression to his feelings, emotions, experiences, thoughts and ideas and. does not care for rules and regulations. The emphasis is laid on inspiration and intuition(直觉).Love of Nature: Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all romantic poetry. Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world. All poets were lovers of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature. To them, nature was a friend, a lover, a mother, sister and a teacher.Imagination and Emotion：The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion. The Wordsworth's romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of creative imagination, childhood memories, beauty of nature, the role of nature as a guiding spirit.1. What can we know about the English Romantic Movement?A. It emphasized the value of policies.B. It originated at the end of 18th century.C. It was affected by the Russian revolution.D. It was caused by sudden growth and development.2. What does Romanticism show?A. It hides the inner desires of poets.B. It focuses on inspiration and reality.C. It is controlled by rules and regulations.D. It is a term involving some certain features.3. What does romantic poetry play a role in?A. Making us always be enthusiastic.B. Showing us another way to read novels.C. Keeping us enjoying the company of nature.D. Asking us to respect city atmosphere.4. How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion?A. By giving an example.B. By using a quotation.C. By asking a question.D. By making a comparison.（D）The scientists who re-engineered the plastic-eating enzyme(酶) PETase have now created a new enzyme called “cocktail” , which can digest plastic up to six ti mes faster.PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks, creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic pollution. PET is the most common thermoplastic(热塑性塑料) used to make single-use drinks bottles, which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment, but PETase can shorten this time to days. The initial discovery set up the prospect of a revolution in plastic recycling, creating a potential low-energy solution to tackle plastic waste.Now, the same trans-Atlantic team hav e combined PETase and its “partner”, a second enzyme called MHETase, to generate much bigger improvements: simply mixing PETase with MHETase doubled the speed of PET breakdown, and engineering a connection between the two enzymes to create a “super-enzyme”, increased this activity by a further three times.The team was co-led by the scientists who engineered PETase, Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham. Professor McGeehan said: “Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MHETase chops things up further, so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together. Our first experiments showed that they did work better together, so we decided to physically link them. It took a great deal of work, but it was worth the effort —we were delighted to see that our new enzyme is up to three times faster than the separate enzymes.”The original PETase enzyme discovery indicated the first hope that a solution to the global plastic pollution problem might be within grasp, though PETase alone is not yet fast enough to handle the tons of PET bottles. Combining it with a second enzyme, and finding together they work even faster, means another leap forward has been taken towards finding a solution to plastic waste. PETase and the new combined MHETase-PETase both work by digesting PET plastic. This allowsfor plastics to be made and reused endlessly, reducing our reliance on fossil(化石) resources.1. What can we learn about “cocktail” from the text?A. It doubles the breakdown of plastics.B. It takes hundreds of years to break down.C. It contributes to breaking down plastic quickly.D. It deals with the plastic waste three times faster.2. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of PET.B. The breakdown of PET.C. The discovery of PETase.D. The functions of PETase.3. What d oes the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Co-leading the trans-Atlantic team.B. Combining PETase and MHETase.C. Attacking the surface of the plastics.D. Talking about conducting experiments.4. What can we infer from the text?A. PET pollution is no longer a difficult problem to deal with.B. New enzyme is speeding up our reliance on fossil resources.C. MHETase-PETase makes the world free from plastic pollution.D. Plastic-eating enzyme “cocktail” promises new hope for plastic waste.（E）In a new blog post for the International Monetary Fund, four researchers presented their findings from a working paper that examines the current relationship between finance and tech as well as its potential future.Gazing into their crystal ball, the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing, search, and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business. They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions.At its heart, the paper is trying to wrestle with the dawning notion that the institutional banking system is facing a serious threat from tech companies like Google, Facebook, and Apple. The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true: Tech companies have greater access to soft-information, and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers.The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on hard-data that might hide the worthiness of a borrower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times. Citing soft-data points like "the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet, the history of online searches and purchases" that could be included in evaluating a borrower, the researchers believe that when a lender has a closer relationship with the potential client's history, they might be more willing to cut them some slack."Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their long-term customers during downturns," the paper's authors write. This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer.The researchers acknowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of soft-data in credit analysis. Getting the soft-data points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts. How they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms.1. What is the approach put forward by the researchers?A. Replacing banks with soft information.B. Lending money by predicting the future.C. Determining credit ratings by web history.D. Facing the threat posed by high-tech companies.2. Why do they advocate the new way of rating the borrower’s credit?A. Traditional finance refuse to lend money.B. The new approach helps reduce burden on banks.C. The type of hardware misleads the lender’s judgement.D. Soft information better reflects the truth than hard data.3. Which is the closest in meaning with the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4?A. Be less strict.B. Share interests.C. Forgive others’ fault.D. Cut a piece of bread.4. What do the researchers worry about?A. Banks will break up with customers.B. High tech companies will be in a mess.C. Sharing information may cause problems of privacy.D. Competition between tech companies will be more fierce.（F）At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds —nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings.In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all. It’s already a failure to understand each other by s peaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words.In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London.In contrast, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silen ce to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re l ess well acquainted with.1. Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?A. The Dutch.B. Americans.C. The English.D. The Japanese.2. What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation?A. Speaking more gives the upper hand.B. Speak out what you have in your mind.C. Great minds think alike without words.D. The shorter talking silence, the better.3. What can we learn from the text?A. A four second silence in conversation is universal.B. It’s hard for Americans to reach a common agreement.C. English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.D. The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.4. What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?A Similarity. B. Contradiction.C. Diversity.D. Misunderstanding.参考答案A.BCAAB.BACDC.BDCAD.CDBDE.1:根据第二段“the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing,search, and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business. They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions.(研究人员看到了利用你的浏览、搜索和购买历史数据来创建一个更准确的机制来确定个人或企业的信用评级的可能性。
高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练
高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练说明文专项训练（1）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文有助睡眠的发明297 ★★★6分钟Do you want a better life? The inventors have come up with many new ideas, which are designed to help us withour everyday life.The Balluga BedThe Balluga Bed is a smart bed with adjustable firmness, temperature control and a built-in massage(按摩) system, all with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. The smart bed can massage you to sleep in a comfortable way.If you have trouble sleeping, why not have a try?The HydroGuardThe HydroGuard invention is a reusable flood protection device (设备) that can be quickly put in place by homeowners. It fits any door type a nd is expandable, meaning the unit expands to fit any door size. It works by sealing the door and prevents water from being able to get through.The Sg-easy GlovesThe Sq-easy Gloves, washing-up and cleaning gloves, are fitted with a built-in refillable soap container. As wearers wash up, they can squeeze a small bit of liquid to produce more suds (泡沫). The Sq-easy Gloves have also developed a family function for parents to use while bathing their children-removing the need to hold the child in one hand and use shampoo in another.The Beach Bag PlusWould you like to go traveling? The Beach Bag Plus will help you a lot. It's a beach bag that amazes a beach lover with a cool bag, wet pockets and secret pockets for valuables. The bag is now on sale online with Bunker Bound.解析：这是一篇说明文。
高中英语专题复习：说明文阅读理解训练及答案
高中英语专题复习：说明文阅读理解训练及答案Terrafugia XXX its flying car。
named the n。
has XXX。
The company plans to sell the car within the next year。
The n has two seats。
wheels。
and wings that fold up so that it can be driven like a car。
It can reach speeds of around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air。
using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burning 5 gallons per hour in the air。
On the ground。
it gets 35 miles per gallon。
Around 100 people have already paid a $10,000 deposit to secure a n。
and this number is expected to increase after Terrafugia Inc introduces the car to the public at the New York Auto Show later this week。
However。
the car is not expected to be seen in many driveways due to its high price tag of $279,000 and the fact that it requires a runway to take off。
Overall。
XXX。
but it XXX.B。
The history of XXX's progress in making it a reality.XXX Mann。
高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练
高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练说明文专项训练（1）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文有助睡眠的发明297 ★★★6分钟Do you want a better life? The inventors have come up with many new ideas, which are designed to help us with our everyday life.The Balluga BedThe Balluga Bed is a smart bed with adjustable firmness, temperature control and a built-in massage(按摩) system, all with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. The smart bed can massage you to sleep in a comfortable way. If you have trouble sleeping, why not have a try?The HydroGuardThe HydroGuard invention is a reusable flood protection device (设备) that can be quickly put in place by homeowners. It fits any door type a nd is expandable, meaning the unit expands to fit any door size. It works by sealing the door and prevents water from being able to get through.The Sg-easy GlovesThe Sq-easy Gloves, washing-up and cleaning gloves, are fitted with a built-in refillable soap container. As wearers wash up, they can squeeze a small bit of liquid to produce more suds (泡沫). The Sq-easy Gloves have also developed a family function for parents to use while bathing their children-removing the need to hold the child in one hand and use shampoo in another.The Beach Bag PlusWould you like to go traveling? The Beach Bag Plus will help you a lot. It's a beach bag that amazes a beach lover with a cool bag, wet pockets and secret pockets for valuables. The bag is now on sale online with Bunker Bound.解析：这是一篇说明文。
新高考英语重难点阅读理解之说明文2023年高考英语专练(学生版)
新高考英语重难点阅读理解之说明文-2023年高考英语（热点重点难点）专练(新高考专用)(学生版) 新高考阅读理解两年(2021-2022)之体裁和主题内容统计题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
其中以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。
说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通1.快速浏览——整体把握说明对象如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章的标题明确说明对象或是关注文章主题句、各段首末句明确说明对象；其次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。
一般说明文往往都会围绕一个主要问题或内容进行说明，而有的说明文则需要我们把小说明点归纳起来，构成全文的说明对象。
2.先题再文——精准定位重点解读在对文章进行快速浏览之后，带着题干再读全文。
阅读时做到有的放矢、有所侧重：明确说明对象、把握说明顺序、理清(段落间的)逻辑联系和把握作者态度。
边读边将考查内容(主要是细节理解题和推理判断题)在原文中定位，然后重点解读定位的几个片段。
3.高效解读——破长难句解重难词说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。
如何高效解读关键在于破解长难句、解读重难词(包括生词和词块)的意义。
破解长难句：学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
解读生词义：说明文中的词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%都对考生的理解造成了极大的障碍。
不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助解读生词义。
例如可以利用原文中的“下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)”等方法来解读生词义。
另外考生要学会作出适当的放弃：无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。
比如有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词解读出来。
2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练09 说明文练习
1Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation.the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education.especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200languages；the Americas about 1,000.Africa2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patters.D.They were closely connected29.Which of the following best explains"dominant"underlined in paragraph2？plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,20031.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.2As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine people's identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology,the researchers had100volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typingC.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.29.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？puters are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A.It'll be environment-friendly.B.It'll reach consumers soon.C.It'll be made of plastics.D.It'll help speed up typing.31.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebookC.A novel.D.A magazine.3A build-it-yourself solar still （蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available ．Developed by two doctors in the U ．S ．Department of Agriculture,it’s an excellent water collector ．Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes ．The only components required,though,are a 55''⨯sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container —perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water ．These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt ．To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep ．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity ．Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole ．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole ．Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock ．The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides ．The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup ．The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic ．Ground water evaporates (蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material and fall off into the cup ．When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink ．32．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A ．It’s delicate ．B ．It’s expensive ．C ．It’s complex ．D ．It’s portable ．33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2refer to?A ．The tube ．B ．The still ．C ．The hole ．D ．The cup ．34．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A ．Dig a hole of a certain size ．B ．Put the cup in place ．C ．Weight the sheet’s center down ．D ．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet ．35．When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup form．A ．the plastic tubeB ．outside the holeC ．the open airD ．beneath the sheetTerrafugia Inc．said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year．The vehicle-named the Transition–has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car．The Transition，which flew at1，400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around70miles per hour on the road and115in the air．It flies using a23-gallon tank of gas and bums5gallons per hour in the air．On the ground,it gets35miles per gallon．Around100people have already put down a$10，000deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show．But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways．It’s expected to cost$279，000．And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic．The car needs a runway．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s，according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert．But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality．The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly．The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards．Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete20hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet．28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition．B．The advantages of flying cars．C．The potential market for flying cars．C．The designers of the Transition．29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A．It causes traffic jams．B．It is difficult to operate．C．It is very expensive．D．It bums too much fuel．30．What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious B．Favorable．C．Ambiguous．D．Disapproving．31．What is the best title for the text?A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition’s Fist FlightC．Pilots’Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to RealityReading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.30.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph2refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.31.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.32.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A new TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books6If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October21, but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent.28.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.29.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.30.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph3mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.参考答案1.BCBC2.DCBD3.DBCD4.ACBD5.BACD6.DCBB。
高考英语阅读理解专题强化练习之说明文
2022高考英语阅读理解专题强化练习之说明文（A）You've probably been to an art museum gift shop. Located toward the museum exit, a gift shop is an unmissable stop where you can take home a classic piece of art in dozens of ways. Items inspired by Van Gogh, for example, range from a teapot, to an umbrella, a journal, and of course, a tote bag. Though frequent sighting of the same artwork may start to feel absurd, all this merchandise（货品）is thoughtfully planned out."We are here to support the Metropolitan Museum of Art financially and one of the main goals of the museum in terms of education. " Leanne Graeff is the head of design and product development for the MET store, “Our decisions can be powerfully thanks to the mere-exposure effect—a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to something makes you like it more.”A classic example is：when you hear a song for the first time and hate it，but after a couple more listens, you start to like it. So it is with watching a TV commercial. In an art store, seeing an artwork frequently highlights the idea that the particular piece of art is important. You start to appreciate it and feel connected to it.Traditionally, museums make considerable profits by selling things related io big exhibitions like Van Gogh paintings. But that model is changing. -Those big shows puts us in a very challenging position of being reliant on whether people come to see a particular show, or whether or not there's product that is appropriate to develop for that particular show," Leanne explains.A better tactic might be relying on museum-goers themselves to drive stocking decisions. Getting out in the museum while people are walking around, really trying to understand what they’re thinking about when they finally do make it into the store is something that we always try to keep top of mind.1：According to Leanne Graeff, what are the items in the MET store meant to do?A. To make visitors feel absurd.B. To help fund several local museums.C. To strongly impress visitors with art.D. To try out the mere-exposure effect,2：How does the author clarify the mere-exposure effect?A. By drawing comparisons.B. By using statistics.C. By presenting arguments.D. By giving examples.3：What does Leanne probably agree with in terms of big shows?A. They fail to appeal to visitors.B. They cause pressure on the art store.C. They force the store to change its location.D. They make appropriate products available.4：What does the underlined word "tactic" in the last paragraph refer to?A. A pricing system.B. A business trap.C. A product development method.D. A customer complaint response.（B）The widespread application of internet technology has made our lives easier but poses a big challenge to senior citizens, who are not always comfortable with smart phones and so many new apps.In China, only a few senior citizens are able to enjoy the benefits that new technologies offer. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of people aged 60 and above was 253.88 million in 2019, that is 18J percent of China's population. But only 23 percent of the senior citizens were able to access the internet. That means more than three-fourths of the elderly are deprived （剥夺）of the digital convenience.Failure to access the internet or use smart phones has increased difficulties for them. They cannot even take a taxi easily in this era of app cabs. There have been reports of many shops turning away elders who don't know how to pay using smart phones, instead of letting them pay in cash. Many elders who can't use smart phones are facing difficulties during this pandemic （流行病）, as they cannot access the internet-based health code required for entry into many publicplaces as part of the epidemic prevention and control measures.New technologies become popular because they are often of great use in our daily lives. But many senior citizens, especially those living in rural areas or those whose grownup children don't live with them, cannot access the internet or smart ' phones, either because of financial restrictions or because they cannot learn new things beyond a certain point. The digital gap between the elderly and the young is becoming more pronounced.However, the senior citizens should not become a silent group deprived of digital benefits< It is society's responsibility to help them bridge the digital gap, and be patient with them when they face difficulties keeping pace with times.1. What do we learn from the text?A. Not all the elderly are able to enjoy the smart life services.B. Internet technology has made everyone's life easier.C. About one-fourth people have easy access to the internet.D. Smart phones and apps are not designed for the elderly.2. What fact do the examples in Paragraph 3 present?A. Many elders don't know how to hire a taxi.B. Many elders always go shopping without their smart phones.C. Many elders have trouble in using the health code.D. Many elders are not allowed to enter public places during the pandemic.3. Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 4?A. Predictable.B. Obvious.C. Avoidable.D. Narrow.4. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A. Digital gap makes everything harder,B. Grownup children should live with the elderly with digital problems.C. The society should be responsible for the elderly 's digital problems.D. The internet technology provides easy lives for seniors in all respects.（C）Dogs began to branch out from wolves tens of thousands of years ago，when their wild ancestors started interacting with humans．Over time，domestication shaped their behavior，andtoday pet dogs are especially expert at understanding cues(暗示)from humans．For example，when a person points at a bowl，a pet dog will usually approach it．All kinds of complex pointing gestures have been tried with pet dogs，and they seem to do wel1．Wolves are a different story，however．When the same experiments are done with wolves，they seem to be quite poor at it．So there’s this big open question of how dogs became dogs．Bhadra，an Indian behavioral biologist，is interested in whether dogs require training to understand cues like pointing or if the behavior is inborn．Most studies have focused on pet dogs in developed countries but Bhadra thinks it’s an error to neglect how stray dogs respond to human cues．In India，there’s a huge population of stray dogs that live on the streets for generations．The researchers felt that the free-ranging dogs were a very nice system，which could give them inputs about what dogs could have been like before being made parts of human families．For the study，the researchers approached stray dogs on the Indian streets．One experimenter presented the dogs with a piece of raw chicken in a plastic bowl．About half of the time，the dogs ran away，scared．But the friendlier dogs that stuck around were tested for their ability to respond to pointing．Once a dog proved interested，the first experimenter put chicken in one of two bowls and covered both bowls．A second experimenter，who had no knowledge of which bowl contained the meat and thus couldn’t give subconscious cue information，pointed at one of the bowls while the dog watched．About 80 percent actually followed the point and went to the bowl that the second experimenter pointed toward．Bhadra thinks this demonstration provides evidence that training is not required for dogs to understand complex pointing cues．Perhaps further studies with stray dogs can help reveal more about what makes dogs the best friends of human beings．1．What does the example in paragraph 1 show about pet dogs?A．They can figure out some human gestures．B．They’re particularly attached to their owners．C．They may make sense of specific human speech．D．They’re easily distinguished from wolves in intelligence．2．What does the underlined word“neglect”in paragraph 3 mean?A．Ignore．B．Estimate．C．Guarantee．D．Claim．3．How did the second experimenter give dogs directions?A．By mistake．B．In a logical manner．C．At random．D．Through trial and error．4．In which section of a newspaper can we read the text?A．Environment．B．Technology．C．Discovery．D．Chemistry．（D）A New Zealand council （市议会）has announced a month-long road closure in order to allow a sea lion and her pup to reach the ocean safely.John Wilson Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be closed after the New Zealand sea lions made their home at a nearby golf course （球场）and started "regularly crossing the road to get to the beach," according to a Facebook post from Dunedin City Council.“You can still visit the area on foot or by bicycle, but please give the sea lions lots of space," continued the post.Locals applauded the decision, and one even called for the closure to be made permanent.“No dogs should be on the beach, either," wrote Gaylene Smith. "We need to protect our beautiful sea life?"Dogs are known to attack sea lions, and Chisholm Links Golf Course, where the sea lions have made their home, also posted advice to dog walkers in a Facebook update."We're lucky to have sea lions on our coastline and we need to share the space with them, as this is what makes our coastline so unique!" wrote the course on Facebook.The council went on to explain that New Zealand sea lions are endangered, and are one of the world's rarest species of sea lion.There are an estimated 12,000 New Zealand sea lions left, according to the Department of Conservation. Under local law, anyone who kills a sea lion could face up to two years in prison ora fine of up to NZ$250,000 (US$178,000).1. What decision has the Dunedin City Council made?A. Closing an ocean drive for a month.B. Closing the nearby beach temporarily.C. Forbidding entry into a golf course.D. Forbidding walking dogs outside.2. How did the City Council announce the decision?A. By informing on TV.B. By posting on Facebook.C. By advertising in a newspaper.D. By sending out notices.3. What is the attitude of the local people toward the closure?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Uncaring.D. Critical.4. What can we learn about New Zealand sea lions from the text?A. They are under legal protection.B. They are a common species.C. They are afraid of humans.D. They are being killed by dogs.（E）More than one in five species of maple trees faces extinction, a shocking new report has revealed.The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development, timber (木对木）harvesting, and agricultural expansion. ’’Time is running out for the world’s biodiversity,” said Douglas Justice, associate director at the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden. "Every recent survey of plants and animals in the wild points to this." He continued, “This is happening nearly everywhere that rarer maples exist. And because of climate change, the narrow habitats that support species at the tops of mountains are quickly disappearing."The trees can be found in sub-tropical and tropical (赤道的）regions, as far south as Indonesia. The only species found in the UK, the field maple is not under threat. Not only are the trees a popular ornamental (装饰的）feature in parks and public spaces, but also they are a key part of the natural ecosystem in woodlands, as well as being an important timber crop in several countries.China is home to the largest proportion (比例）of maples with 92 species. It has seen anumber of trees become endangered due to urban expansion. Some 14 of the 23 maple trees at risk of extinction in the country are only found in China and have small populations and limited geographical ranges. “We still have an opportunity to save species from disappearance, but it will take expertise, resources and the cooperative efforts by the world's botanical gardens to make it work," Justice added.One species in Mexico, the Acer binzayedii, is in "desperate need of conversation" despite only being discovered in 2017. "It is at risk from climate change in its cloud forest habitat and threatened by grazing, logging, and forest fires,*' the report adds. The report recommends developing conversation plans, monitoring species currently not at risk to ensure populations are maintained (保持），and adding those missing maple species to seed banks and the like.BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conversation International) is now establishing a conversation program to address the conservation needs of maple species. Maple specialists will work together to develop comprehensive strategies to manage and deliver conservation action points for the species.1. What is the major reason for maple trees' distinction?A. A lack of scientific research.B. The rarity of the new species .C. The losses of their habitats.D. Problems with the distribution.2. What’s Justice's attitude to saving maple trees?A. Hopeful.B. Skeptical.C. Reserved.D. Negative.3. What are the last two paragraphs intended to tell us?A. There is no guarantee of maintaining the tree populations.B. It can never be too late to join hands to protect the species.C. All maple trees of the species are on the edge of extinction.D. Effective measures should be taken to conserve maple trees.4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Time is running out for maple treesB. Maple trees are vital to the ecosystemC. Maple trees will stand tall in natureD. Climate change puts maple trees at risk（F）White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes like abandoned plastic water bottles, toothbrushes, and cigarette lighters.Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially disposable (一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles (栏架) are, something has to be done.Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don’t we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?”asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let’s carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is.”Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge(灾害) be tackled.However, the U.N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn’t paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean.Nowadays, fish are eating plenty of plastics, and people eat those fish. It remains unrevealed how it will affect human health, but clearly the amount of plastics used has increased many timesin the last several decades, and if this tendency goes on, by 2050 an enormous amount of carbon will be released into the already carbon-saturated (碳饱和的) skies.1. Why does the author write about the Cocos Islands at the beginning of the text?A. To tell the story of the islands.B. To appreciate the islands.C. To introduce a scientific study.D. To introduce the problem of plastic pollution.2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A. People don’t care about the problem.B. The problem is too serious to deal with.C. Action must be taken however difficult the problem is.D. The problem is as difficult as jumping over tall hurdles.3. According to the text, what is the U.N.’s attitude toward plastic pollution?A. Unconcerned.B. Optimistic.C. Enthusiastic.D. Cautious.4. What is the best title for the text?A. The Beautiful Cocos IslandsB. Plastic Pollution on Cocos IslandsC. Scientific Research on PlasticsD. The Problems Caused by Disposable Plastics参考答案A.CDBCB.ACBCC.AACCD.ABBAE.CADAF.DCAB。
高考英语题型专题练之说明文阅读
2022高考英语题型专题练之说明文阅读（A）Austrian company Tec-innovation recently publicized smart shoes that use ultrasonic (超声波) sensors to help blind or vision impaired people to detect obstacles (障碍物) up to four meters away. Known as InnoMake, the smart shoe aims to become a modern alternative to the decades-old walking stick that millions of people around the world depend on to get around as safely as possible.The currently available model relies on sensors to detect obstacles and warns the wearer via vibration (震动) and an audible warning sounded on a Bluetooth-linked smartphone. That sounds impressive enough, but the company is already working on a much more advanced version that adopts cameras and artificial intelligence to not only detect obstacles but also their nature. “Not only is the warning that I am facing an obstacle relevant, but also the information about what kind of obstacle I am facing. Because it makes a big difference whether it’s a wall, a car or a staircase.” Markus Raffer, one of the founders of Tec-innovation, told Techxplore.“Ultrasonic sensors on the toe of the shoe detect obstacles up to four meters away. The wearer is then warned by vibration and/or audible signals. This works very well and is already a great help to me personally,” Raffer, himself visually impaired, added. The current version of the InnoMake shoe is already available on the Tec-Innovation website, for €3,200 per pair.The advanced system is powered by a heavy-duty battery that can last for up to one week, depending on use. The battery can be charged in just three hours, using a USB cable. “You can make adjustments in real time with the button on the back of the device. The range can be adjusted up to 4 meters by briefly pressing the button,” the Tec-innovation website reads. “You can activate the intelligent mode which automatically pauses the system, e.g. when you are sitting, and you can also use InnoMake as a scanner to obtain information about your environment by means of foot movement.”1.What do we know about Tec-innovation?A.It was founded by visually impaired people.B.It aims to improve walking sticks with InnoMake.C.It seeks to provide blind people with better products.D.It advocates building a healthcare system for the disabled.2.In what way is InnoMake better than the previous model?A.It assists its user to move around safely.B.It reminds its user of the obstacles ahead via vibration.C.It no longer depends on a Bluetooth-linked smartphone.D.It informs its user of detailed information of the obstacles.3.The purpose of the last paragraph is to .A.introduce InnoMake’s additional functions and applicationsB．illustrate InnoMake’s automatic adjustment functionC．explain the setting of InnoMake’s intelligent modeD．stress the importance of charging the battery fully4．What’s the best title for the passage?A.Goodbye, Decades-old Walking SticksB.Welcome, Smart Shoes with Ultrasonic SensorsC．Inspiring, Visually-impaired Guy Who Started a BusinessD．Amazing, AI-controlled Shoes That Help the Blind Avoid Obstacles（B）It was a weeknight and one of my twin daughters marched into the room, waving a book she'd finished. "Dad, why are books with science in them always about boys?” she asked.I told her that simply wasn't true; there were loads of great science fictions with girls in them. She agreed, but argued that in those stories it was the boys who were doing science, and the girls were just along for the ride. My other daughter took her sister's side and challenged me to give an example.This left me in a difficult position. I could either go through our library to point out some wonderful examples of female-led science fictions, or just admit they were right and remain in my comfortable chair.I've been asked several times how I came up with the idea for A Problematic Paradox and my answer is always the same: it came to me in a moment of inspiration. I like that answer because it's simple and makes me seem very creative. The fact that this explanation is not truebothers me from time to time. Here's the truth: the story wasn't my idea. It was my daughters who suggested I write something for them that had a girl doing science.My daughters were at an age when many young women turn away from STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), believing those areas of study unfriendly or out — of — the — norm for girls. I also read about how important role models can be to young people. It's one thing to tell a person they can do something, but seeing someone like them doing that thing can be more powerful.So, I kept two guidelines for the book in mind: First, the story had to be fun for anyone, because it's as important for boys to understand that science is for everyone. Second, I wanted the main character, Nikola, to be imperfect. She should be someone with shortcomings as we all have.I think this not only makes a story more interesting to read, but also helps make it clear that the most extraordinary things can be done by ordinary people.1. What does the underlined phrase "along for the ride" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Entering a bike race.B. Offering vital help.C. Doing unimportant things.D. Playing the leading role.2. What do we know about the book A Problematic Paradox1A. Its main character is perfect.B. It is a female-led science fiction.C. It is intended to appeal to girls only.D. Its idea comes from the author's inspiration.3. Which of the following best describes the author's book?A. Serious and abstract.B. Simple and practical.C. Creative and well-organized.D. Inspiring and interesting.（C）Rain is vital to life on Earth.However,rain isn't just made of water anymore-it's partly made of lions of tiny pieces of plastic,called microplastics,are wandering around Earth's atmosphere and traveling across entire continents,according to a study published in one journal on April 12.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from anumber of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are produced deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨）in products, such as toothpaste and cleansers. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash clothing, tiny microfibers get washed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with.The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心），around which water vapor(水蒸气）combines to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain.Microplastics have been found everywhere you:can imagine. From:fish and frogs.to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found on average to contain 40 pieces of microplastic. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics; too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble," microplastic researcher Steve Allen said. There are no borders, there are no edges. It rains on the land and then gets blown. back up into the air-again to move somewhere, else. There's no stopping it once it's out"1.What do we know about microplastics?A. They have a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B.They have become a threat to humans.C. They are light and can be easily dealt with.D. They cause acid rain and plastic rain.2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Ways to deal with microplastics.B.The wide use of microplastics.C.Where microplastics come from.D.How microplastics pollute water.3.What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B.The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C. Countries should work together to fight pollution.D. Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere else.4.The main purpose of the article is toA.call on people to use fewer plastic productsB. warn people of the danger of microplasticsC.introduce the sources and effects of microplastics'D. make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rain5. What do we know about microplastics?A. They have a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B.They have become a threat to humans.C. They are light and can be easily dealt with.D.They cause acid rain and plastic rain.6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Ways to deal with microplastics.B.The wide use of microplastics.C.Where microplastics come from.D. How microplastics pollute water.7.What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B. The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C. Countries should work together to fight pollution.D.Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere else.8.The main purpose of the article is toA.call on people to use fewer plastic productsB.warn people of the danger of microplasticsC. introduce the sources and effects of microplasticsD. make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rain（D）A study by the British government has discovered the mental well-being of the country'steenage girls has worsened.The survey, which included 30,000 14-year-old students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005. British boys' stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period, from 17 percent to 15 percent. The report's authors pointed out the "appearance of the social media age" could be a major contributing factor for increasing stress among teenage British girls."The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical, cognitive and emotional development," Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a blog post. "Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent adults. In the past, they would engage with parents, teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development."Throughout adolescence, girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self-control. Since teenage brains have not completely developed, teens don't have the cognitive awareness and impulse control to keep from posting inappropriate content. Furthermore, this content can easily be circulated far and wide with disastrous implications."Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance," Ramsden said. "These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person. However, these images and the messages tied to them creep into social standards.""Social media allows girls to make comparisons among friends as well as celebrities and then provides them with 'solutions' such as extreme dieting tips and workouts to reach their goals," Ramsden said. "Concerns about body image can negatively impact their quality of life preventing them from having healthy relationships and taking up time that could be better spent developing other aspects of their personalities."1. How does the survey tell us the negative impact of social media?A. By making experiments.B. By raising a question.C. By making comparisons.D. By analyzing causes and effects.2. What is Ramsden's attitude toward the images with fine body shape?A. Supportive.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. Concerned.3. According to the last paragraph, it is necessary for teenagers .A. to get rid of the bad effects of social mediaB. to follow the celebrities' exampleC. to be concerned about their body imageD. to make comparisons among friends4. What does this text mainly tell us?A. The well-being of teenagers in Britain.B. The social media's negative effect on teenagers.C. The development of teenagers in Britain.D. How to interact with teenagers in Britain.（E）Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by theworm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂1. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.（F）Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters(少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their imageon the web.The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员）Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up "worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school."As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once." "For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more awareof their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人）or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区）they faced online. And she said social media companies must also "take more responsibility". They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”1. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A. They were not provided with adequate equipment.B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C. They were required to give quick responses.D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.2. Some social app companies were to blame because .A. they didn't adequately check their users' registrationB. they organized photo trips to attract more youngstersC. they encouraged youngsters to post more photosD. they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late3. Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to .A. less friendliness to each otherB. lower self-identity and confidenceC. an increase in online cheatingD. a stronger desire to stay online4. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .A. circulate their posts quicklyB. know the qualities of their postsC. use mobile phones for playD. get more public approval5. What should parents do to solve the problem?A. Communicate more with secondary schools.B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.C. Keep track of children's use of social media.D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.6. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The influence of social media on children.B. The importance of social media to children.C. The problem in building a healthy relationship.D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.参考答案A.ACABB.CBDC.BCACD.CDCDE.CBDCF.BABDCA11。
高三英语阅读专题加强练之说明文(含答案详解)
2022高三英语阅读专题加强练之说明文（含答案详解）（A）Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we've faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more-developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought — the worst in three decades — will cost it at least a quarter of its corn harvest this year.Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cap Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take qualities from rare wild plants that are adapted to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops." The type of farming I am aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get drier and drier," Farrant says.Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants and a few fierce plants are highly adaptable to the everchanging conditions. Farrant calls one of them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they fade and contract until they look like a pile of dead green leaves but rainfall can revive them in the matter of hours. That is to say, when they detect and extend dry period, they produce sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues to enter a glass-like state that is “the most stable state that a plant can maintain”.Last year, after Chinese team published a draft genome (基因组)of rock violet, one of the best studied resurrection plants, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed study of another candidate. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas-so far mostly done in the lab-on test plots.1. Which can be responsible for the reduction in corn crop in South Africa?A. Facing unpredictable rain.B. Lacking advanced irrigation.C. The food security.D. The ongoing drought.2. Why does Jill Farrar conduct the relevant study?A. To maintain the most stable state of tough plants.B. To grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall.C. To apply the special quality of wild plants to human farming.D. To survive extreme dry weather and ever-changing conditions.3. What does the underlined word “contract” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. shrinkB. dieC. withdrawD. rest4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The research is still on trial.B Chinese team worked harder.C. One of the candidates has been put into use.D. The results contribute to resurrection plants.（B）Imagine wearing high-tech body armour that makes you super strong and tireless. Such technology, more specifically called an exoskeleton, sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man series of superhero movies.Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world. And one manufacturer---California’s SuitX---expects it to go mainstream. “There is no doubt in my mind that these devices will eventually be sold at hardware stores,” says SuitX’s founder Homayoon Kazerooni. In simple explanation, an exoskeleton is an external device that supports, covers and protects its user, giving greater levels of strength and endurance. Sometimes also referred to as “wearable robots”, they can be battery-powered and computer-operated, incorporating motors and hydraulics. Or they can be more simple, passive designs that use springs and dampeners.“Integrating machines with humans opens up a new realm of opportunity,” says Adrian Spragg, an expert on the technology at management consultancy Accenture. “Many of the early applications have been focused on military and medical appli cations, but in the last several years there’s been an explosion of use in a range of cases.” This expansion, which has come together with rapid advances in the technology, has seen exoskeletons increasingly used by manufacturing workers. Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help people more easily do everything from DIY, towalking, climbing stairs, and other daily activities.One report says sales are now due to rocket as a result. Global exoskeleton revenues are expected to rise from $392m in 2020 to $6.8bn in 2030, according to a study by ABI Research. SuitX’s “suits” are now being tested by car manufacturers General Motors and Fiat. Prof Kazerooni, who is also th e director of the University of California’s Berkeley Robotics and Human E ngineering Laboratory, says that the primary benefit of the firm’s exoskeletons is to prevent muscle fatigue. “We’ve shown that muscle activity in the back, shoulder and knees drops by 50%,” he says. “If muscle activities drop, that means the risk of muscle injury is less. This means that factory or plant managers get more productivity, their insurance costs are lower, and there are less workdays lost to injury. There’s less cost and more productivity.”General Motors is also looking at a battery-powered exoskeleton glove developed by Bioservo. This glove, called the Iron Hand, has sensors and motors in each finger, which automatically respond to the level of force that the wearer applies to his or her hand when lifting or gripping something. The glove therefore takes up some of the strain. BioServo says it can increase the wearer’s hand strength by 20% for extended periods.1. According to Homayoon Kazerooni, the equipment will go mainstream because _______.A. the device can give extra strength and enduranceB. the machine will eventually be sold at hardware storesC. the equipment is increasingly being worn in real lifeD. the exoskeleton is an external device that is supportive2. Wh ich of the following is closest in meaning to “Integrating” in Para. 3?A. PresentingB. LinkingC. SupplyingD. Combining3. What’s Prof Kazerooni’s feeling towards “exoskeleton”?A Sympathetic B. Promising C. Concerned D. Astonished4. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?A. Wearable robots may help the disabled in the future.B. The new device will cost less and produce more.C. The battery-powered exoskeleton will change our life.D. The Iron Man has really come into our life.（C）The British Museum's rich collection of ancient Chinese paintings has attracted many visitors. At the heart of this preservation and revival of Chinese art history is senior conservator (文物修复员) Qiu Jinxian.Joanna Kosek, head of Pictorial Art Conservation at the British Museum, told the Times Publications that Qiu is considered one of the museum's most priceless treasures. "We let the treasure treat the treasure," Kosek said.In 1987, Qiu was introduced to Mrs. Jessica Rawson, director of the British Museum. At the time there were no conservators specializing in ancient Chinese art at the British Museum. The large collection of Chinese ancient paintings and cultural relics in the museum was mainly repaired by Japanese and British methods and materials. As these methods were not suitable for Chinese paintings, the art collection was kept in storage for a long time instead of on pubic display.Just before Christmas in 1987, Qiu Jinxian had her first appointment at the British Museum. She was asked to repair an ancient scroll (卷轴) by Fu Baoshi, which had been badly damaged by fire. Qiu's methods, which included washing with warm water to separate the glue in order to repair the paper, stunned people on the spot. Some of them even got out the camera to record her methods as they'd never seen this way of restoring ancient art. Mrs. Rawson was completely amazed by Qiu Jinxian's incredible skills. She immediately invited Qiu to join the British Museum.Chinese ancient paintings are notoriously difficult to repair because of their large size, complex materials, diverse colors, and rich composition. The most important thing is to understand the long history, meaning and culture behind the painting. Repair is an extremely time-and-energy intensive process.Each painting normally takes several months from cleaning to restoration and drying. Since 1987, Qiu has repaired more than 400 artworks.Oiu told the media that she is very proud of her work. She wants more people to understand and appreciate Chinese history and culture through art. Although the artworks originated from China, they now belong to the people of the world.1. Why is Qiu considered a treasure at the British Museum?A. She understands Chinese history well.B. She is the only Chinese conservator there.C. She repaired the Chinese scroll successfully.D. She has special skills to repair the treasures.2. What does the underlined word "stunned" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Panicked.B. Inspired.C. Shocked.D. Influenced.3. What matters most for repairing Chinese artworks?A. A deep understanding of the objects.B. Incredible painting skills.C. Strong determination.D. A sound knowledge of Chinese history.4. What is the best title for the text?A. The Well-known Chinese ConservatorB. The Protector of Chinese Treasures at the British MuseumC. The Chinese Treasures Repaired at the British MuseumD. The Ancient Chinese Artworks Exhibited at the British Museum（D）TANAKA KANE became the third person ever to turn 118, according to the Gerontology Research Group, a team of academics. She is also the first citizen of Japan to reach 118—but is unlikely to be the last. The country has the world's longest life expectancy, and 80,000 people aged at 100 years old or older.The unusual longevity enjoyed in Japan is credited to diet. Japan largely banned meat for l,200 years, and still consumes relatively little meat and dairy. Too much of these can be damaging, since they contain saturated fatty acids(饱和脂肪酸)，which correlate to heart disease. Studies have also tied eating lots of processed red meat to a greater risk of stroke. But too little may be unwise as well, because they provide chemical substance that may be needed for our blood-tube walls. In a study of 48,000 Britons, vegetarians were unusually resistant to heart disease, but likely to suffer from strokes.In theory, a lack of animal-based food could have contributed to Japan's historical cerebrovascular(脑血管)death rate. In 1960-2013, as the country's deaths from strokes reduced, its annual meat intake rose from near zero to 52kg per person (45% of America's level). TsuganeShoichiro of the National Cancer Centre in Tokyo says that his citizens may need meat and dairy to keep their blood tubes strong―though not so much that those tubes get blocked.Some evidence supports this view. One paper from the 1990s found that the parts of Japan where diets had changed most also had the biggest drops in cerebrovascular death rate. Another study, which tracked 80,000 Japanese people in 1995-2009, showed that strokes were most common among those who ate the least chops and cream. Although Japan's decline in cerebrovascular deaths could stem from other causes, these data suggest that nutritional shifts may have helped.The unhappy irony is that Japan's health gains, paired with a low birth rate, threaten its economy. By 2060, 40% of Japanese could be 60 or older. That would produce more birthday cakes with 118 candles—and fewer great-grandchildren to blow them out.1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To provide evidence.B. To introduce the topic.C. To promote an idea.D. To make comparison.2. What message is conveyed in paragraph 2?A. A light heart lives long.B. Diet cures more than doctors.C. Happiness lies first of all in health.D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.3. What do the studies in paragraph 4 show?A. It is vital to have meat and dairy.B. It is common to suffer from strokes.C. It is beneficial to change diet habit.D. It is important to eat least cream.4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A. The less meat and dairy the better.B. More cakes and candles are needed.C. Medical demand for heart disease is met.D. Longevity and low birth rate affect economy.（E）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System —a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers.D. Arrival of other wild animals.2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The stamp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown away.C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting（F）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.1. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A. Costly.B. Controversial.C. Ambitious.D. Successful.2. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A. She loves staying with her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.C. She is in good conditionD. She is sensitive to heat.3. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A. They had their first born in January.B. They enjoyed exploring new placesC. They lived with their grandmothers.D. They were brought to the reserve young4. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.参考答案（A）1：细节理解题。