2015年考研英语模拟试题

Passage OneHowever important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying (否认) the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored by the teacher. They can become strong help to the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously go against the learning aims.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted lectures explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupil′s progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly inter If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers′ conferences with parents are devoted to pretty accounts of children′s misbehaviors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for punishment and rewards at home.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents′ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngst ers′ capacities. (355)1.The central idea expressed in the above passage is that［A］home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.［B］teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the aims of the school.［C］there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.［D］parents unconsciously have gone against the teaching aims.2.The author directly discusses the fact that［A］parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.［B］principals have explained the new art programs to parents.［C］ a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.［D］a parent′s misguided efforts can be properly directed.3.It can reasonably be inferred that the author［A］is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.［B］feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program. ［C］［D］is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation.4.The author implies that［A］participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves one′s achievement in that area.［B］too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.［C］school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.［D］teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.5.We may infer that the writer of the article does favor［A］a father′s helping his son with the latter′s studies.［B］written communications to the parents from the teacher.［C］having the parents observe lessons which the children are being taught.［D］principal parent conferences rather than teacher parent conferences.Passage TwoThe importance and focus on the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences a nd general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis (诊断) and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates. (371) 6.The main idea of the first paragraph is that［A］generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism. ［B］importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.［C］concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing. ［D］personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews. 7.Much research has been done on interviews in general［A］so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.［B］though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn′t received much attention.［C］but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected.［D］and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing.8.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview［A］but most of them wish to stay away from it.［B］and many of them hope to be interviewed someday.［C］and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it.［D］but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.9.Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?［A］The patient. ［B］The physician.［C］The Journalist. ［D］The psychologist.10.The passage is most likely a part of.［A］a news article ［B］ a research report［C］ a journalistic interview ［D］ a prefacePassage ThreeSince 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur, leather, wool, and food. They have mounted protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild. And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals” by Peter Singer, formerly a professor of philosophy at Oxford University in England. This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement.The post 1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors, and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical. Many new organizations are formed. The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public. Since the mid－1980s there have been frequent news reports about animal right organizations picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals. Some of the more extreme organizations advocate the use of assault, armed terrorism, and death threats to make their point.Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals, most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions. The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed. Companies are reducing reliance on animal testing. Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research. New tests have been developed to replace the usedesigners have stopped using fur.While the general public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem, since fibers used to make fake fur such as the Japanese invention Kanecaron can look almost identical to real fur.Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations. But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.(383)11.1975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because［A］many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that year.［B］ a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement.［C］the environmentalists began to show interest in animal protection.［D］the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world.12.Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order to［A］wipe out cruel people.［B］stop using animals in the laboratory.［C］attack hunters in the wild.［D］catch full public attention.13.When the author says that “the results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed” (in Para.3),he means the protest and other tactics［A］have produced desired effects.［B］almost amounted to nothing.［C］have some influence on the public.［D］have proved to be too radical.14.The word “marshaling” (in the last paragraph) probably means.［A］conducting ［B］popularizing［C］changing ［D］outraging15.It seems that the author of this article［A］is strongly opposed to the animal rights movement.［B］is in favor of the animal rights movement.［C］supports the use of violence in animal protection.［D］hates the use of fake fur for clothes.Passage FourIf something you have bought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right. It is the shopkeeper′s responsibility to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article because he is the person with whom you have entered into an agreement.Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your inquiry, otherwise, you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later.Even the bravest person finds it difficult to stand up in a group of people to complain, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt number, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director (总经理) of the shop. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to replace or repair the faulty article. You may find this an attractive solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some special loss, for example if a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for advice from your Citizens Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back. If, for example, he changes an article simply because you don′t like it or it does not fit. He does not have to take back the goods in these circumstances. (398)16.The shopper may make a complaint because［A］he dislikes causing a fuss (大惊小怪).［B］it doesn′t do what is claimed for it.［C］the article bought is not up to standard.［D］he was at fault in buying the article.17.When complaining on the telephone［A］you should speak direct to the owner.［B］you must ask for the manager.［C］you may never find out who dealt with the matter.［D］you should find out with whom you discuss the matter.18.You can demand your money back only if［A］the article cannot be replaced or repaired.［B］you have gone back immediately.［C］the article has not gone up in price since you bought it.［D］the article has had hard wear.19.If a shopkeeper will not give you money you should［A］take a credit note instead. ［B］refuse to leave the shop.［C］ask your office for advice. ［D］find out your lawful rights.20.The shopkeeper may change an article if［A］he gives you your money back. ［B］he thinks it is unsuitable.［C］it is the wrong size. ［D］he doesn′t like it.Passage One（一）注释1. manuscript n.手稿, 原稿2. enlighten vt.启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予...知识, 开导3. illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明vi.举例（二）长难句结构分析1. {If the father follows the advice}, it is reasonable to assume that ［he will soon realize his son is①making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time,②enjoying the work.］整个句子是状语从句，主句的it是形式主语，主语是由非谓语动词引导的一个宾语从句。