2017年第三届“LSCAT杯”江苏省笔译大赛 竞赛汉译英译文
2017年第三届“LSCAT杯”江苏省笔译大赛 竞赛试题英译汉稿
Ever since Darwin came up with the theory of natural selection, there has been a question — in some quarters, a worry — about whether human beings remain in any meaningful sense unique creatures. When it comes to things like cognition and language, we operate at far higher levels than other animals do. But are these merely differences of degree, as Darwin’s theory suggests, rather than of kind? Should t he human faculties that once led us to see ourselves as ontologically special —our capacity for moral conduct, our ability to make choices on the basis of reasons — be understood instead as marking the far end of a continuous spectrum of animal behavior, all of which can be explained in light of DNA and the evolutionary history that shaped it?自从达尔文提出自然选择学说，有些人就一直疑惑，甚至烦恼人类是否从任何层面来说都是一种与众不同的动物。
我们在认知和语言等方面比其他动物拥有更高的水平，但就像达尔文理论里所说的，这些仅仅是程度上的差异而非种类的差异吗？有些能力让我们曾经认为人类在本质上是特别的，比如符合道德的行为能力和基于理性的选择能力，但这些人类能力难道就能因此被理解成动物连续行为的终端标志吗？这些动物行为的不同实际上可以从DNA差异和历史进化的观点来解释。
三级笔译综合课文--英汉翻译练习
三级笔译综合-课文翻译练习7班级：学号：姓名：电影导演虽然以虚荣自负、独断专行、唯我独尊而著称，但是，由于导演这项艺术工作的特殊性，使得他们隐身幕后。
大多数情况下，导演自身强烈的个性特征需要通过他人的面部表情和肢体语言才能表现出来。
比如，提起导演约翰·福特，在你脑海中出现的也许是演员约翰·韦恩的形象。
导演伊利亚·卡赞富有激情，不易相处，行事专断，其个性不亚于同辈中的任何人，他的形象将主要通过一批演员塑造的艺术形象而留在人们的记忆中。
卡赞先生星期天去世了，随后的电视讣告就像是一部精选的专辑，汇聚了众多体验派演艺明星。
在这里，有演过《欲望号街车》和《码头风云》马龙·白兰度，他高喊“斯特拉！”，他悄悄地对罗德·斯泰格尔说，他本来有可能是一个有力的竞争对手；有演过《伊甸园之东》的詹姆斯·狄恩，有演过《天涯何处无芳草》的华伦·比提。
英俊的年轻人，动人地演绎了一段痛苦的情感；有《娃娃新娘》里的埃里·瓦拉赫和卡尔·莫尔登，两人倾情演绎了密西西比蛇舞，其妖艳性感以及票房收入方面均难以与之抗衡。
作为一个“演员工作室”的建立者，卡赞先生在20世纪40年代后期经常穿梭于百老汇和好莱坞之间。
他把美国戏剧写实主义所表现的细腻情感及其演艺风格带到了美国电影里，也许这方面卡赞先生居功至伟。
早期电影里程式化的语言表达和优雅的动作被取代了，首创了一种吞吞吐吐、含含蓄蓄的情感演艺方式。
社会问题、委婉表达的性以及心理真实等问题成了舞台和荧屏上严肃剧的标志。
现实主义，任何艺术形式中的现实主义，都是一个带有明显欺骗性的术语。
尤其是在电影艺术中，幻想着透明地反映现实，这种幻想最为严重。
如今看来，卡赞先生的电影，反映的似乎不像生活片段，更像社会的寓言，心理的寓言，与其说质朴粗狂，还不如说夸张高调。
当然，这正是他的电影一贯的风格，也是仍然大家受欢迎的原因。
笔译大赛试题及答案
笔译大赛试题及答案试题一：请将以下英文段落翻译成中文："In the realm of artificial intelligence, machine learning stands out as a pivotal technology that enables computers to learn from experience and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed to do so."答案一：在人工智能领域，机器学习作为一种关键技术脱颖而出，它使得计算机能够从经验中学习，并在没有明确编程的情况下随着时间的推移提高其性能。
试题二：请将以下中文段落翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
为了促进不同文化之间的理解和尊重，我们需要学习彼此的语言和文化。
”答案二："With the continuous advancement of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important. To promote understanding and respect between different cultures, we need to learn each other's languages and cultures."试题三：请将以下英文句子翻译成中文："The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work."答案三：技术的快速发展已经改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
第三届英语翻译
蚊子随着渐暖的春夜到来了，星夜下我们的卧房成了他们的舞台。
我一整夜不停地挥舞一张湿毛巾驱赶他们，最后他们还是侵入了我的领地。
今晨我感到轻微的头疼，由于整夜无眠和一种对写作有帮助的饮料，因为一切的责任感对词语本身所表达的意义已失去。
昨夜我的妻子给我看了一个几码大的网状纱巾，我们一起用这条薄纱巾盖住壁炉，这使它看起来像桥一样。
（我们的一个观点是，蚊子是从烟囱飞下来的。
）我在第三大街的五金店买了一副可调整帘子，并把它们安在窗户上。
因为这栋建筑窗户的窗框太老旧，不规则，所以除了有些大的过分的蚊子外，其它蚊子都可以毫无困难的从窗框与帘子的空隙中飞进房间里去。
（甚至在上下窗框间有更大的空隙，尤其是在打开下窗框收帘子的时候——有一个极大的空隙，只要住过这栋楼的居民都知道，与此同时，蚊子也知道）。
我也极尽讨价还价之能花了25美元买了一个自己很喜欢的旧空调。
它对改善房间里的温度几乎没什么用，仅仅降掉了一点点热度。
还使人想起铁路上轰鸣而过列车发出的巨大的噪音，我啪的一下关掉灯，闭上眼，拿着准备好的湿毛巾，忽而胡思乱想着：我站在被一个挥舞着别针的怒不可遏的女孩刺破的地下。
我还有一个关于蚊子的秘密隧道想法：他们偷偷地进入房间是通过空调随着被吸入的的冷空气，就如空中盘旋的老鹰。
这是一个毫无根据的理论，但是人们不得不想出一个很幽默的观点来打发无聊的失眠时间。
我去商店想买一些过时的杀虫剂，但当我向店员咨询时他古怪的看了我一眼，他的眼神好像在说这些年你呆在哪个落后的地方。
他说，他有比那个更强效的药。
生产一罐所需的原材料包含氯丹和几种不了解的化学物质。
我告诉他我对氯丹过敏因此不能使用这种产品，我还想活久一点，说罢我散漫的瞥了他一眼。
早上是公寓里最令人愉快的时候，酒足饭饱的蚊子已经精疲力竭地趴在天花板或墙上，。
江苏省笔译大赛优秀译文
江苏省笔译大赛优秀译文原文：We know from fossil records that the populations of many animal species declined sharply when humans expanded their range. There is no doubt that the world that existed from the emergence of Homo sapiens about 300,000 years ago until the beginning of human civilizations was far richer in large wild animals than the one we inhabit today. Art and literature all record this.Of course, these artistic and literary sources do not tell the whole story. They are not spread out evenly across space, time or biological class; they do not result from systematic selection; and they were mostly written by white men. Some of them are works of fiction or myth; many of them are anecdotal; some may have involved exaggerations, or be reports only of exceptional phenomena; and all should be subject to the normal rigours of source analysis. Many of the abundances described, moreover, were also probably influenced by human actions and should not be considered straightforwardly natural.They are nevertheless important because, first, anyone interpreting a historical source that hails from any great distance in the past needs to remember that the world its creator existed in was probably more abundant than ours. When Keats wrote about a nightingale singing in north London, he was not writing about a rare or extraordinary event. When Milton described how “fry innumerable swarm”, he was describing something many of his readers would have witnessed personally. When Darwin wrote of “a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds and with birds singing on the bushes”, he was describing something more various and lively than we would be likely to encounter today. When choughs and bustards were put on the coats of arms of Cornwall and Wiltshire, these were not obscure choices. When Tennyson wrote of sparrows being speared by shrikes, he expected readers to know what he was referring to. When Shakespeare included “choughs that wing the midway air” in his description of Dover cliff, he probably chose them because they were typical shoreline birds. When John Clare wrote a poem about a wryneck’s nest, he considered himself to be writing about a fairly common country bird. When late- medieval men and women sang “Sumer is icumen in” , they were familiar with the sound of the bird they imitated in the second line. An understanding of lost bioabundance should be part of the basic background knowledge that readers bring to historical sources.This should also affect how we think about progress. Though optimistic writers like Steven Pinker have attempted to describe the history of the past few hundred years as one of improving quality of life for millions of people, brought about by improved nutrition, more reliable food supplies, better education, a decrease in violence and so on, these narratives, even if they are allowed to be true, need to be qualified by an understanding of what these improvements have meant for the natural world. What might in one account be “progress” might in another be a vast and unsustainable transfer of benefits from non-human living beings to human ones.Thinking like this can promote several different reactions. If we believe that humans tend under a diverse range of conditions to spoil and diminish the naturalworld, then we may be sceptical about the likelihood of humanity significantly mitigating the effects of the crisis. Humans will need to behave in ways that are historically extraordinary if the future is not to be one of continued disaster. It might also make us think that mitigation is the best we can hope for. Any hope of putting things back the way they were must be dismissed, not least because so many irreversible events, including extinctions, have already occurred. But thinking like this may also make us angry. Restoring wildlife populationseven to what they were in the 1990s, although a desirable and ambitious aim, would be risible if even a partial restitution of what has been lost overall were sought.译文：我们从化石记录中了解到，当人类扩大其活动范围时，许多动物物种的数量急剧下降。
2017年5月CATTI三级笔译实务英译汉真题解析
四、CATTI考试英译汉译文处理简要提示第一段原文：All Luciano Faggiano wanted when he purchased the seemingly unremarkable building at 56 Via Ascanio Grandi, was to open a restaurant. The only problem was the toilet. Sewage kept backing up. So Mr. Faggiano enlisted his two older sons to help him dig a trench and investigate. He predicted the job would take about a week. “We found underground corridors and other rooms, so we kept digging,” said Mr. Faggiano, 60. His search for a sewage pipe, which began in 2000, became one family’s tale of discovery.分析：第一句话是由all引出的一个主语从句。
该句理解难点在于中间插入了when引导的时间状语从句，可能与考生以往见到的状语从句位置不同。
“the seemingly unremarkable building”意为:“这座似乎不起眼的建筑”。
第三句“Sewage kept backing up.”其中back up为高频动词短语，具有多义性，分别为“支持”、“备份”、“倒退”、“援助”、“堵塞”等多种义项，（其近义词可以有corroborate, substantiate, reinforce, copy, dupilicate, reverse, go backward, recede, congest等等），但根据上下文不难理解该句指“下水道一直堵塞”。
2017年第三届“LSCAT杯”江苏省笔译大赛 竞赛试题英译汉译文.doc
自从达尔文提出了物竞天择说，在某些领域，就产生了一些令人担忧的问题——关于人类是否仍然在任何意义上都是独一无二的。
当提及类似认知和语言等，人类的运用水平远高于其他动物。
但是就正如达尔文的理论所说，只是程度上的差异而并非品种上的差异吗？人类曾经将把自己看作是本位论体系中的特殊物种——有道德行为的能力，有在理性的基础上做出选择的能力——是否应该被理解而不是当作不间断的动物行为结束的标志？这些动物行为可以用DNA和进化史来解释。
对于很大一部分科学家和有着科学性思维的思想家来说，这个问题的回答绝对是肯定的。
人类仅仅是一种很聪明的动物。
如果我们最初违抗生物学原理（也可以说，英勇的自我牺牲），只要一些时间，那些雌雄淘汰和群体遗传学的理论便可以解释这类现象。
我们所做的每件事只是我们动物形象的一种表达。
关于人性其他的观点只是奇思妙想或者感情主义的一种锻炼尝试。
哲学家罗杰斯克鲁顿说并非如此。
在他细致的描述中，简介地批评了由普林斯顿大学出版的论人性这本书，他打算为人性的独特性辩护，而不是因为生物学定律而反对人类是动物这一观点。
他的主张是人类是动物同样也是“人”，通过这个他说这意味着人是“自由、有个体意识的、是理性的主体，会因为理由而服从并且会被道德法律所约束”。
人格在此观点中，不仅仅是被超自然地放置在有机体的自我之上。
但同样的，也无法简化我们的生物，不管哪一个成为重点，都是取决于我们询问自己什么样的问题。
科学对于一方面有很多要说，但并不关于另一种。
斯克鲁顿提出一个相似之处，想想一幅油画，就比如《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》，这是一个纯由物体组成的画面，画在帆布上的行字与字段的油漆。
当你看到这幅油画，你会看到那些物理性的物体，但是，你同样可以看到其他东西，一个面带神秘表情的女人形象。
那些行字与字段的油漆并不仅仅衍生于这个图像，同样的，还有一些超脱于这幅画的东西，这也是丽莎盖拉蒂妮的肖像，虽然不是每幅画的布局都会产生如此的图像，但那些有着一定复杂性的布局会产生。
第三届国际口笔译大赛汉译英组优秀译文
第三届国际口笔译大赛汉译英组优秀译文原文：中国的士大夫与民本思想陈嘉映翻开历史我们会看到，中国历史上充满了残酷的压迫、剥削、残杀，但是欧洲也一样。
我们没有公民概念，但是有所谓民本思想。
人民生活的保障，不是通过伸张权利，而且通过例如官员和士人为民请命诸如此类。
民本思想和中国独特的政治结构有关系。
简短地说，这个政治结构就是，中国有士和士大夫的阶级。
士不像贵族或草莽英雄，由于血统或英雄气概获得权力，他们的长处是受过教育、富有理性。
他们本身不是权力的来源，而只是皇帝的办事员。
士大夫之所以要服从于皇帝，是因为需要皇帝的权力，皇帝赋予他权力才能保证民本的实现。
所以，他们劝谏皇帝，上疏、进谏，有时候是不要命的。
在很大程度上，民本思想是因士大夫阶层的存在而存在的。
而西方更多的是通过每一个公民自己以及公民社会进行权利上的斗争来保障自己的利益。
虽然今天的中国跟传统上的中国相比已经面目全非了，但这一特点仍然依稀可见，在中国人的政治心理上仍然相当明显。
无论从社会身份上说，还是从思想内容上说，中国的士人都不大像西方的自由知识分子。
他们在学问上、知识上，首先有的是政治关怀。
他们的研究、思考方式始终都是高度的政治化、社会化或者伦理化的。
对于中国读书人来说，很难设想他会去从事纯粹智性的追求，而和政治伦理无关。
任何知识上的追求都是要跟“齐家、治国、平天下”连在一起，否则大家会觉得他太古怪，几乎要把他当成一个异类。
译文：Chinese Scholar-officials and Populist IdeasChen JiayingA glimpse of Chinese history offers, like that of Western history, a daunting array of poignant persecution, demeaning exploitation and brutal killings. Unlike the Western world, we have no concept of citizenship. Instead, we hold populist ideas. The improvement of people’s life stems not from legal justice, but from pleading byscholar-officials and officials to top-rank officials or emperors on behalf of the general public.Populist ideas are related to the distinctive political fiber of China which, if put briefly, is characterized by the stratum of scholar-officials. Unlike greenwood outlaws and the noble clan, who gain power by blood or by heroic spirit, scholar-officials are cultivated and sensible in human dealings. They are no source of power, but run errands for Emperors with utter obedience, which arises from the need for royal authority to materialize populist ideas. Scholar-officials resort to persuasion and suggestion, sometimes even at the risk of their own lives. To a large extent, populist ideas exist due to scholar-officials. Westerners safeguard their own interests by fighting for rights as an individual or a civil society. Though China’s present differs vastly from its past, the association ofscholar-officials with populist ideas remains a salient feature in the political psyche of Chinese people.Socially or ideologically, scholar-officials in China bear little resemblance to liberal intellectuals in the West. Political concern permeates their pursuit of knowledge. The political, social and ethical tint in their research or thinking is marked. It’s hard for an intellect in China to pursue purely intellectual knowledge. Any knowledge should be pursued in connection to the management of a family and the government of a country, and the failure to do so will be deemed weird and unacceptable.译文作者：第三届北京语言大学国际口笔译大赛一般性文本汉译英组一等奖选手桑秋波。
第三届翻译大赛试题及答案
第三届翻译大赛试题及答案Nature and ArtNature contains the elements, in colour and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all music.But the artist is born to pick, and choose, and group with science, these elements, that the result may be beautiful—as the musician gathers his notes, and forms his chords, until he brings forth from the chaos glorious harmony.To say to the painter, that Nature is to be taken as she is, is to say to the player, that he may sit on the piano…The dignity of the snow-capped mountain is lost in distinctness, but the joy of the tourist is to recognize the traveller on the top. The desire to see, for the sake of seeing, is, with the mass, alone the one to be gratified, hence the delight in detail.And when the evening mist clothes the riverside with poetry, as with a veil, and the poor buildings lose themselves in the dim sky, and the tall chimneys become campanili, and the warehouses are palaces in the night, and the whole city hangs in the heavens, and fairy-land is before us—then the wayfarer hastens home; the working man and the cultured one, the wise man and the one of pleasure, cease to understand, as they have ceased to see, and Nature, who, for once, has sung in tune, sings her exquisite song to the artist alone, her son and her master—her son in that loves her, her master in that he knows her.To him her secrets are unfolded, to him her lessons have become gradually clear. He looks at her flower, not with the enlarging lens, that may gather facts for the botanist, but with the light of the one who sees in her choice selection of brilliant tones and delicate tints, suggestions of future harmonies.He does not confine himself to purposeless copying, without thought, each blade of grass, as commended by the inconsequent, but, in the long curve of the narrow leaf, corrected by the straight tall stem, he learns how grace is wedded to dignity. How strength enhances sweetness, that elegance shall be the result.In the citron wing of the pale butterfly, with its dainty spots of orange, he sees before him the stately halls of fair gold, with their slender saffron pillars, and is taught how the delicate drawing high upon the walls shall be traced in tender tones of orpiment, and repeated by the base in notes of graver hue.In all that is dainty and lovable he finds hints for his own combinations, and thus is Nature ever his resource and always at his service, and to him is naught refused.Through his brain, as through the last alembic, is distilled the refined essence of that thought which began with the Gods, and which they left him to carry out.Set apart by them to complete their works, he produces that wondrous thing called the masterpiece, which surpasses in perfection all that they have contrived in what is called Nature; and the Gods stand by and marvel, and perceive how far away more beautiful is the Venus of Melos than was their own Eve.自然与艺术就色彩和形状而论，大自然包含所有图画的元素，就像键盘包含所有音乐的音符一样。
三级笔译汉译英答案
第一篇How I Serve the PassengersOnce I heard a man politely ask a woman in front of him at the door of the crowded bus, "Are you getting off the bus, ma'am?" The woman made no response. "Are you getting off." he asked again. The woman still did not reply. "Getting off, or not?" he shouted impatiently but there was still no response. "Are you deaf, or mute?" As he was annoyed, the man gave her a slight push. The woman glared at him angrily and hit back.At this point, it suddenly occurred to me that on the route of Bus No. 60 was a factory for the physically disabled, and that woman might be a deaf-mute from that factory. I told the man what I was thinking and wrote on a slip of paper: "Excuse me, but he wants to get off. He's asked you several times but you didn't hear him, did you?" When I showed it to the woman, she nodded and made way for him.After that, I began to pay more attention to those who look like deaf-mutes. I even learned some frequently used sign language from them. In this way, not only can I offer them better service and communicate with them, but also prevent misunderstanding or disputes between them and the other passengers.第二篇Knowledge CreationChina is a developing country. Although great progress has been made in the acquisition and application of science, technology and other modern knowledge, there is still an obvious gap between China and the developed countries. For this reason the Chinese government has formulated a strategy of "modernizing China through science and education" and is accelerating the pace of scientific and technological advancement and the updating of knowledge so as to catch up with the developed world as quickly as possible. The essence of knowledge lies in innovation. Only by constantly creating new knowledge and technology can a new industrial revolution be sparked and the rapid development of the economy be made possible. In the new century, factors such as human resources, culture, education, economic and social management are playing an increasingly important role in economic and social development. Only by continually carrying out reform and innovation in theories and technologies and achieving new breakthroughs can we inject new energy and vitality into economic and social development, more efficiently explore and make use of human and natural resources, and create more material and spiritual wealth for the benefit of human society.第三篇The Word Failure Doesn't Exist in My DictionaryMilu is always an optimist. No matter how badly he loses a game, he always remains optimistic.When asked how he responds to failure, Milu's reply was "What does failure mean?" Then he declared, "This word doesn't exist in my dictionary.""I never think about these bad things. Even in my dreams I always dream of good things. One must have confidence in oneself, and be optimistic. Only then will there be hope. I am very optimistic about the prospect of the Chinese team and about my own prospects.""In my view, it is perfectly normal to either lead or lag behind during a match. At halftime, I didn't give any thought to the possibility that we might lose. All I thought was how to change tactics, replace players, score more goals and finally win the game."No one can understand what Milu is doing, because the way we are educated in China makes it impossible for us to understand him!第四篇WaterThe earth's water resources are composed of sea water, underground water, ice and snow, and waters in rivers and lakes, totaling about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers in all. Although sea water makes up 97.2 percent of this, it cannot be used directly for human consumption or for production; water in solid forms, such as ice, snow, etc, is distributed mainly in the uninhabited Arctic and Antarctic areas; and the total amount of water in rivers, lakes and underground comprises only 0.6 percent of the earth's water, of which a considerable amount is undrinkable. Indeed, the fresh water that is usable is merely 0.34 percent of the fresh water reserves of the earth.China's annual water resources are averaged at 2,812.4 billion cubic meters, the third in the world and next only to Brazil and the former Soviet Union. But the size of the population has reduced the per capita water resources to merely 2,580 cubic metres, the 84th place in the world. Furthermore, the water resources are unevenly distributed geographically, with 90 percent of the surface water and over 70 percent of the underground water found in southern provinces. This leaves the 17 provinces in the North extremely short of water. With the increasing population, development of production and expansion of cities, the contradiction between demand for and supply of water will become more and more serious.第五篇A Shortcut to Becoming a BeijingerI came to Beijing and found a job as a hired laborer. My workplace is not far from where I stay, but I have to change buses twice to get there. To save the bus fare, I bought an imitation mountain bike and joined Beijing's large contingent of cyclists. But soon trouble found its way to me.Just five days after I bought the bike I left the building of my company after work to get my bike as usual, only to find my bike had disappeared. I walked around the bike parking lot five times but found no trace of it. I concluded it must have been stolen. Hearing my incident, my landlord consoled me, "Take it easy, sonny. You can't be a Beijinger if you haven't lost at least three bikes."As a bike was indispensable to me, I went to the same shop and bought a second bike of the same design. This time I also bought a strong lock for my bike.It so happened that the third day after I bought my second bike was over a weekend. I rode my bike to Tiancheng Supermarket to do shopping. When I came out an hour later carrying big and small bags, I failed to find my bike again. At first I thought perhaps I was dazed by so many bikes there. It dawned on me only after half an hour's careful searching in vain that my new bike was stolen. On my bus ride back I consoled myself, "At this speed I'll out-Beijinger Beijingers in a few days!"第六篇Enhance the Awareness of the EnvironmentEnvironmental protection is a big issue involving many aspects. The United Nations has also met many obstacles in solving problems concerning this issue. For example, the Bush Administration had tried to defeat the Kyoto Protocol not long ago because it might impede the development of the United States. Of course every citizen should be concerned with such issues,but as ordinary citizens we are not in a position to have much say. However, we can start with small matters in our daily life, such as refusing to use disposable chopsticks or paper napkins.My son seems to be more conscious about environmental protection than I am. He thinks it is more important to take into consideration environmental friendliness rather than economic benefit when making any decision. This gratifies me, but I wonder if he would compromise when he has to face life by himself in the future.It is now more appropriate to judge how advanced a society is by examining if environmental protection has found its way deep into the hearts of its people and their daily behavior than by examining its productivity or living standard.第七篇Capital of BeggarsAddis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, is known as the "capital of beggars". Tens of thousands out of the city's population of three million are beggars. The first impression any foreigner gets when he comes to the city is the unbelievable number of beggars. No matter where you are you will inevitably see them when you look round; and you'll be besieged by a big crowd of beggars dressed in rags as soon as you stop at any intersection.Most of the beggars in Addis Ababa are children. The average life expectancy in Ethiopia is only 49 because of the extreme poverty there. Fifteen million out of Ethiopia's population of 67 million are children under fifteen. Old people are rarely seen in the streets and almost everyone you see is of young age. These children are usually very dirty and are constantly in worries about their next meal. But they are quite optimistic and seem always happy unless extremely hungry. Some children shine shoes for others to earn some bread. They will also readily join the contingent of beggars when they find no business.Another type of beggars are displaced people from the countryside. As Ethiopia was hit by another severe drought last year, there is an obvious increase of beggars in the capital city.第八篇One Plus One Is Less Than TwoNowadays in cities it has become fashionable to remain single, and those who do so seem to be so free and unconstrained. But environmentally this is something undesirable as a recent research report suggests that getting married is an "environment-friendly" action.This sounds somewhat sensational, but it is a simple plain truth: a person living alone consumes much more natural resources than the average a person does when living together with another one. For example, if a person lives by himself in a house which can house two people, the resources used to build the house are partly wasted, and so are water and electricity. So we can see one plus one is less than two. Smaller families mean more families have to be established for the same number of people. As a result, cities get larger and larger, doing serious damage to the surrounding habitats of many species.Sure it is impossible to force single people to get married for the protection of the environment. However, to conserve natural resources, we can at least do our best to choose a way of life that is environment-friendly.第九篇Changing SeatsA woman's seat was next to that of a black man on the plane. She asked a stewardess to change her seat because she "would not sit beside someone whose skin is of an ugly color". Thestewardess replied that all the seats were occupied but she would go and have a look at the first class compartment. The other passengers found the woman's words disgusting but she looked pleased with herself as she wouldn't have to sit beside such a "sickening" person.A few minutes later the stewardess came back and said to the woman, "I'm sorry, but there is a vacant seat in the first class compartment. I've consulted the captain, who has agreed to make some rearrangement about the seat." The woman was very much elated and was ready to leave her seat when the stewardess said to the black man sitting beside the woman, "Would you please follow me to your new seat, sir?" The other passengers were stupefied for a moment but soon gave a round of warm applause to the stewardess.第十篇Harvesting Our Own Sowing?Narrow living spaces and poor hygienic conditions contributed to the wide spread of smallpox in history. Such problems have not been tackled at the root though people's living conditions have been greatly improved. The high population density in central urban districts and the closely built high-risings with narrow space in between are favorable for the spread of viruses. The height inside the rooms is also a problem: It becomes difficult to dispel the polluted air inside the room timely when the height of a room is less than 2.5 meters. But both designers and builders often neglect this in order to save building materials.The greedy demands of human beings have damaged the harmonious natural bio-system. They are paying the price for what they have done. As the resources people rely on are getting exhausted, human beings are exposing themselves to strange viruses and bacteria.。
江苏高考英语作文2017
江苏高考英语作文2017The 2017 Jiangsu High School English Essay exam was quite challenging, but also an exciting opportunity for students to showcase their writing skills. It encouraged us to express ourselves in a natural, conversational way, which was quite refreshing.For me, the essay was a chance to explore my thoughts on a topic that was close to my heart. I chose to write about the importance of perseverance in achieving goals. I started by describing a personal experience where I had to overcome a difficult challenge. I used simple language to make the story easy to understand and engaging.In the next paragraph, I shifted gears and discussed the broader significance of perseverance. I wrote about how it applies not only to individuals but also to society at large. I used a more analytical tone, employing vocabulary that was slightly more advanced to convey the depth of my thinking.Then, I took a more emotional approach in the third paragraph. I wrote about the emotional toll that giving up can have on a person, and how persevering through tough times can lead to a sense of accomplishment and pride. I used descriptive language to evoke feelings of triumph and defeat, making the reader feel as if they were experiencing the journey alongside me.In the final paragraph, I concluded by summing up my main points and offering a hopeful message about the power of perseverance. I kept the tone upbeat and encouraging, using language that was both inspiring and accessible.Overall, the essay was a great exercise in creative writing. It allowed me to explore different writing styles and express myself in a way that was both authentic and engaging. I'm glad I had the opportunity to participate in such a meaningful and challenging。
英语高考江苏2017
英语高考江苏2017In the 2017 Jiangsu English College Entrance Examination, there were several challenging reading comprehension passages. One passage focused on the topic of climate change and its effects on the environment.This passage began by discussing the alarming rate at which the Earth's temperature is rising. It provided statistics to support the claim that the planet is experiencing a significant increase in average temperature. Furthermore, it explained that this increase can be attributed to human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.The passage then detailed some of the negative consequences of climate change. One major consequence is the rise in sea levels, as polar ice caps continue to melt. Many low-lying coastal areas and islands are already experiencing flooding and erosion due to this phenomenon. Additionally, the passage explained that extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, are becoming more frequent and intense.To mitigate the effects of climate change, the passage suggested several solutions. One solution is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by transitioning to clean and renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. The passage also emphasized the importance of conserving natural resources and protecting ecosystems.Another passage in the exam focused on the topic of education. It discussed the role that education plays in shaping individuals andsociety. The passage argued that education is not solely about acquiring knowledge, but also about developing critical thinking skills and fostering social values.The importance of education was further underscored by highlighting its impact on reducing poverty and inequality. The passage explained that education provides individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to secure stable employment and improve their quality of life. Additionally, it argued that education promotes social mobility and equal opportunities for all members of society.The passage also explored different educational systems and approaches around the world. It discussed the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized education systems. It also examined the merits of traditional teacher-centered instruction versus student-centered approaches.Overall, the 2017 Jiangsu English College Entrance Examination included thought-provoking reading comprehension passages on climate change and education. These passages challenged students to think critically about global issues and their significance in today's world.。
英语三级笔译证书考试英译汉真题精选(20篇)及参考译文【圣才出品】
英语三级笔译证书考试英译汉真题精选（20篇）及参考译文Passage 1Exercise Alone Will Not Ensure Weight LossThis may come as a shock: for all its other benefits, exercise doesn’t guarantee weight loss. Experts are coming to realize that we can exercise like crazy, but we’re unlikely to get thin unless we also change what we eat. Why? First, you have to do an awful lot of exercise to burn off calories. You’d have to swim for 40 minutes to burn off a slice of pepperoni pizza*; go skating for 50 minutes to cancel out a chicken caesar salad; or play cricket for 25 minutes to wipe away the traces of one small glass of dry white wine.Trainer Scott Williams decided the best way to show this in action was to put one volunteer on a high-speed treadmill for five minutes, while another stood behind scoffing pizza for the same amount of time. At the end, the volunteer whipping sweat from his forehead had burnt off 110 calories; the one wiping cheese from his chin had taken in 640 calories.“It’s a mistake a lot of people make—they think they can eat what they like if they are exercising,”says Williams. Some expels believe that when we exercise a lot we tend to eat more, either because we’re hungrier or because we feel we deserve a treat after all the hard work. We also move less for the rest of the day. The news you might not want to hear is that if exercise is going to make a difference, youhave to work out in addition to normal daily physical activity.* pepperoni pizza：意式香肠比萨饼(2011年5月试题) 参考译文单靠运动不会确保减体重尽管运动有诸多益处，但不能确保减轻体重，这种说法可能会令人惊讶。
2017年第三届“LSCAT杯”江苏省笔译大赛竞赛试题汉译英稿
2017年第三届“LSCAT杯”江苏省笔译大赛竞赛试题汉译英稿I was the most willing to see a snake spirit played by a man who was covered with white cloth and held a rod like snake's head in his cupped hands above his head, followed by a man covered with yellow cloth performing a tiger dance. This is a vivid description in Village Opera written by LuXun. Watching village opera is a kind of cultural life whuch is traditionally suitable for all aged. Village opera not only offers a play to audiences but also plays a role in resident social interaction, commercial trade cultural transmission and many other aspects. But now most of the audiences who listen vigorously before stages hiding in towns and shabby streets are the elderly. Nowadays traditional opera has two more extreme directions of development. For one thing, very few main opera, such as Beijing opera, Kunqu opera and so on, is universally acknowledged as elegant art. Their higher artistic level is maintained by the professional performance agencies which are supported by the government and their property of elite culture is added by the concentration of knowledge groups. They receive attention for being considered as a card of Chinese traditional culture. For another, lots of local operas existing in folk have no strong financial supports and even have less professional performance organizations. Despite trying to save these operas, some local authorities provide museum-style protection, which makes them lose vitality as fossil.In order to draw new audiences especially young people, it's of necessity for traditional opera to keep pace with the times on the basis of preserving essence. Culture is in an evolutionaryprocess all the time. Promoting outmoded attitudes can only lead it isolated from the world. Rescuing conservation or specimen type protection is necessary in some conditions but it may be thankless because it can't realize the original intention of transmission.T o protect and promote traditional opera, we should be good at taking its strength. Activate the cultural workers, make performing lovers and audiences get involved and especially create chances to attract the young. A photo, a video, a set of cartoons or a WeChat hot text, any of them may become an opportunity for the development of traditional opera. Young people are in fact not uninterested in traditional art, but the universe where traditional art lives is different from theirs. Traditional opera needs to alter its mode of discourse initiatively and sing in the universe belonging to the young for coming into young people's view.。
第三届国际口笔译大赛英译汉组优秀译文
第三届国际口笔译大赛英译汉组优秀译文原文：Waiting for Wonder WomanBy Frank Bruni, The New York TimesDecember 21, 2013Maybe because I have seven nieces whose dreams matter to me, maybe because I have so many female friends whose talents dazzle me, or maybe just because I think it’s madness not to encourage and recognize the full potential of half of the human race, I keep looking to the movies for something better. For something more equitable. For women saving the world or saving the president or at the very least saving themselves.Every so often I get my wish. This year it actually happened several times. The astronaut fighting to survive in “Gravity,” the kind of effects-laden extravaganza that typically drowns in testosterone, was played by Sandra Bullock. And in “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire,” Jennifer Lawrence returned as Katniss Everdeen, the stoic, steely archer on whom nothing less than the hope for a livable tomorrow rests. Both movies made buckets of money, proving that audiences had no trouble, none at all, with a woman leading the way.But around the same time that I savored this happy turn, I read some less happy news: Wonder Woman was finally en route to the silver screen — but not, alas, in a vehicle of her own. She’s slated to be an appendix to Superman and Batman in a sequel to “Man of Steel.” For all I know she’ll be zipping out to Starbucks for their lattes or the dry cleaner’s to fetch their capes. Meantime, producers scrape the bottom of the superhero barrel for male demigods to put in the foreground and the title. Just last week Variety disclosed that Paul Rudd was in talks to play “Ant-Man.” Yes, “Ant-Man.” “The Green Hornet,” “Spider-Man” —maybe Wonder Woman isn’t insect enough for the major leagues. Maybe she needs to make like a mantis.For decades now a Wonder Woman movie has been chattered about, longed for, plotted, scuttled. The director and writer Joss Whedon took a failed stab at one after he did “Buffy the Vampire Slayer” on TV and before he included Scarlett Johansson in “The Avengers.” At this point it’s not so much an unrealized project as an ongoing taunt: a metaphor forthe stubborn gender gap in the sorts of action-oriented blockbusters that rule the box office; proof that the more things change, the more they remain the same, at least in Hollywood, whose superficially progressive politics mask overwhelmingly conservative business instincts.It doesn’t lead. It trails. Mary Barra reaches the apex of General Motors. Hillary Clinton dominates discussion of the 2016 presidential race. Diana Nyad crosses the shark-infested channel between Cuba and Key West. Wonder Woman’s golden lasso gathers dust as she waits for a movie to call her own.译文1：“神奇女侠”, 待出江湖或许由于我有七个侄女，她们各怀梦想，对我而言至关重要；或与由于我结识了许多女性朋友，个个聪颖过人，令人艳羡；亦或仅仅是因为女性占据半边天，她们潜质充盈，若未受鼓励，不获认可，实乃愚蛮之极。
2017下半年CATTI三级英译汉试题详解
2017下半年CATTI三级英译汉试题详解2017下半年CATTI三级汉译英试题2017下半年笔译二级真题解析英译汉第一篇：本篇文章，充分体现母语作者轻松随意表述自然的特点，英文原句结构简单，用词难度一般。
但是处理成文体、选词和表达各方面恰当得体的汉语，需要一定的思考和调整.2017下半年笔译二级真题解析（汉译英第一篇）第二段来源：李克强在联合国粮农组织的演讲，内容比较平实，掌握起来不算困难。
中国家，任何时候都是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。
尽管中国农业进一步发展面临不少困难，但我们仍将不懈努力，用行动来兑现诺言，主要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问题。
我们愿与世界各国携手奋进，共同创造一个无饥饿、无贫困、可持续发展的世界。
“兑现诺言”除了句子里的译法，也可以用honor our commitment.不懈努力也可以译为 “work industriously.” 无饥饿、无贫困:用free from 来说显得比较地道。
要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问题。
这种比喻比较生动的说法，最好不要直译，转为“保证充足的食物供应。
” 本句参考译文：As the largest developing country, China will always bean active force for safeguarding world food security.Although China faces quite a few difficulties ahead in itsagricultural development, we will continue to worktirelessly to deliver on our commitment through actions.We will ensure adequate food supply mainly on our own.We are ready to work with countries around the world tocreate a world of sustainable development that is freefrom hunger and poverty.。
Catti三级笔译(英译汉)
A Part of Utah Built on Coal Wonders What Comes NextPRICE, Utah — For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.“There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18.Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954.“I would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “I’m too young to retire.”But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015.“We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas.This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the country’s largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality.In recent weeks, the agency held 11 “listening sessions” around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.“Co al plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles,director of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nation’s coal plants.“We have a choice,” he said, “which in most cases is cheaper and doesn’t have any of the pollution.”Coal’s downward turn has hit Appalachia hardest, but the effects of the transition toward other energy sources has started to ripple westward.Mr. Eskelsen said Rocky Mountain Power would place some of the 70 Carbon facility employees at its two other Utah coal plants. Other workers will take early retirement or look for different jobs.Still, the notion that this pocket of Utah, where Greek, Italian and Mexican immigrants came to mine coal more than a century ago, could survive without it, is hard for people here to comprehend.“The attack on coal is so broad-reaching in our little community,” said Casey Hopes, a Carbon County co mmissioner, whose grandfather was a coal miner. “The power plants, the mines —they support so many smaller businesses. We don’t have another industry.”Like others in Price, Mr. Hopes voiced frustration with the Obama administration, saying it should be investing more in clean coal technology rather than discarding coal altogether. Annual Utah coal production, though, has been slowly declining for a decade according to the federal Energy Information Administration.Last year, mines here produced about 17 million tons of coal, the lowest level since 1987, though production has crept up this year.“This is the worst we’ve seen it,” said David Palacios, who works for a trucking company that hauls coal to the power plants, and whose business will slow once the Carbon plant closes. Mr. Palacios, president of the Southeastern Utah Energy Producers Association, noted that the demand for coal has always ebbed and flowed here.“But this has been two to three years we’re struggling through,” he said.Compounding the problem, according to some mining experts, is that until now, most of the state’s coal has been sold and used within the region, rather than being exported overseas. That has left the industry here more vulnerable to local plant closings.Cindy Crane, chairwoman of the Utah Mining Association, said demand for Utah coal could eventually drop as much as 50 percent. “For most players in Utah coal, this a tough time,” said Ms. Crane, vice president of PacifiCorp, a Western utility and mining company that owns the Carbon plant.Mr. Nilles of the Sierra Club acknowledged that the shift from coal would not be easy on communities like Carbon County. But employees could be retrained or compensated for lost jobs, he said, and new industries could be drawn to the region.Washington State, for example, has worked with municipalities and utilities to ease the transition from coal plants while ensuring that workers are transferred to other energy jobs or paid, if nearing retirement, Mr. Nilles said.“Coal has been good to Utah,” Mr. Nilles said, “but markets for coal are drying up. You need to get ahead of this and make sure the jobs don’t all leave.”For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007 mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside.But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change — if not now, soon.David Palacios’s father, Pete, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12, and earned $1 a day.“I’m retired, so I’ll be fine. But these young guys?” Pete Palacios said, his voice trailing off.NARSAQ, Greenland — As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop andhiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are alsodisappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimpfactory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to coolerwater. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is nowone.As a result, the population here,one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just adecade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,”said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost theirlivelihoods.”But even as warming temperatures areupending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing newopportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here inNarsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals andgems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming thebasis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.One of the world’s largest depositsof rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbinesand electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.It has long been known thatGreenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mappedthem intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winningnuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at miningmostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warminghas altered the equation.Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals andPetroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licensesfor mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent$100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applyingfor licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zincand rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.The Black Angel lead and zinc mine,which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T.Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s mining bureau, “becausethe ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.”The Greenlandic government hopesthat mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2009,Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further inthe coming years.Here in Narsaq, a collection ofbrightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companiesare applying to the government for permission to mine.That proximity promises employment,and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English,the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processingplant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside ofsettledareas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure fromlack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplatingconverting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.“There will be a lot of peoplecoming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culturehas been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq fromuniversity in Denmark.Still, he supports the mine andhopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly amonghis peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “Peoplein this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’tcontribute,” he said.But not all are convinced of thebenefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and willhelp Greenland, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorotheaodg aard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss ofnature.”It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.“It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers haveto step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close.For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson.On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: "L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY."That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others - “Bleak House,’’ “David Copperfield,’’ and especially “Great Expectations’’ - have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, the character kept me company. And so, , has L.R. Generson.，in his silent enigmatic way.Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn’t much - a single mention on a veterans’ website of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His son described him as “an extremely patriotic individual’’; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war’s most highly decorated physicians.Leonard Generson’s son didn’t remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house’’ after his father’s death in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we’d owned the same set of books. The letter both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him - and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I’ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthened). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.Leonard Generson’s life touched mine only lightly, th rough the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.格陵兰岛纳萨克——随着皮艇港(Kayak Harbor)的冰山在融化过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，这座偏远的北极小镇和它的文化，也正在随着气候变化而消失。
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“What I expected most was a person covered with white cloth, who was holding a rodlike snake spirit overhead, next was someone putting on yellow cotton garment and playing the tiger jump”. This is a lifelike description on the traditional opera by the novel of LuXun——Village Opera. Watching the Village Opera is traditionally a cultural activity suitable for all ages. Not only does it offer an opera performance to the spectator, but also serves the functions of social communication, commercial trade and cultural transmission for residents.
At present, there are two extreme developing orientations for traditional opera. On one hand, precious few main operas such as BeiJing Opera and KunQu Opera are generally acknowledged as elegant arts. The professional performing agencies supported by the government maintain their higher artistic levels. In addition,the attention focused by the intelligentsia increases their property of refined culture. T hey are highly valued as a visiting card of Chinese traditional culture. On the other hand, large amounts of folk operas survive in the folklore. They enjoy neither abundant financial backing, nor any professional performing teams.Although some locations attempt to preserve these kinds of operas, more measures are acting a way like museum style, which makes them lose their vitality as fossils.
If traditional operas prefer to target at new spectators especially the young, they are supposed to keep up with the time on the basis of holding their essence. Since culture is always keeping in a dynamic process, keeping the incomplete will isolate the culture from the world. Styles of salvage and specimen, of course, are essential under particular situation. However, both the two ways might be arduous but fruitless; at least they can’t achieve the initial expectation of culture transmission. For the sake of preserving and propagating the traditional opera arts, we are obliged to transform the coming force to focus on the opera by attracting the active intellectuals in the folklore, performing lovers and the spectators to get involved, especially providing opportunities to attract the young. A photo, a video, a cartoon or even a WeChat post would possibly become a turning point for the developing of the traditional operas. Actually, young people are not indifferent with the traditional art, they just live in a “cosmos”differ from the traditional operas.In order to heave the traditional opera into young people’s vision, we’d better to change the mode of discourse initiatively and let it sing loudly in the cosmos of the young.。