3年高考2年模拟1年原创高考英语完形填空-议论文、说明文类

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题17 完形填空——议论文、说明文类（教师版）【考点定位】 2014考纲解读和近几年考点分布说明文完形填空说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识,进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。

检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。

说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来说明情况、阐明事理的一种文体。

它通过介绍情况、说明事物的特征，给人以正确思想或科学知识。

说明文完形填空一般的结构模式是：提出问题－发现直接原因－分析深层原因－得出结论或找到出路。

考查学生对语言材料的理解能力、分析判断能力和逻辑思维能力。

说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。

考生容易摸清文章线索，抓住主题。

议论型完形填空有以下特点：1、首句制胜，论点明确议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。

作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。

2、结构清晰，脉络有序议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。

论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。

有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。

二、议论型完形填空的应试技巧1、叙议有机结合对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。

有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。

2 、遵循狠抓首句原则对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。

一项调查表明，英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。

抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。

3、理清文章的论点、论据和结论议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。

一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，就能将文章脉络把握好。

然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。

所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。

【考点pk】名师考点透析英语完形填空在考查语法、表达法、词语搭配的基础上重点考查对语篇同容的整体理解、前后的逻辑关系的把握。

经反复研究完形填空原题后，我们发现主要有以下考点：考点1. 考查语法规则考查考生语法知识的运用能力。

近年来完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。

例如：“Can I? I don’t think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But l do have ______when thing s come to me for no reason.”A. eventsB. chancesC. feelingsD. moments【解析】由后面的when引导的定语从句可知，前面的先行词应是表时间的词，所以先moments。

考点2. 考查固定搭配考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。

如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。

这类搭配在完形填空中时有出现。

如：I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ______ the telephone.A. withB. byC. fromD. on【解析】表示“通过电话”交谈，说 on the telephone 或 by telephone，这是习惯搭配。

考点4. 考查行文逻辑考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。

四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。

如：Once he ______ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.A. alsoB. nearlyC. evenD. only【解析】从上下文看为了使教学有趣易懂，这位哲学教授不仅仅会借助oil paintings, music, and guest lectures等方式，“甚至”(even)在课堂上唱歌也就顺理成章了。

递进关系。

考点5. 考查经验常识考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。

如：But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ______.A. speakingB. movingC. sleepingD. breathing【解析】跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历。

考点7. 考查逻辑推理考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。

如：He was reading my words out loud to the class…the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ______, but what I was feeling was pure happiness…A. shockB. wonderC. worryD. pleasure【解析】一个学生的作品被老师选中且在班上宣读时该会是怎样的心情?我们不难判断：愉快！考点8. 考查前后语境考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。

完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。

有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。

如：“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ______.” She wrote down a number,and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”A. hireB. acceptC. suitD. offer【解析】根据下文，这个妇女告诉他第二天可以去上班了，可见，她认为作者是适合(suit)的。

【三年高考】11 、12、13高考试题及其解析议论文（2013江苏）I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing.One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37 . I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I 38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the 39 possible amount. I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia. It was 41 , full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner ,rented it, and 42 a corner to camp in.The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began 45 around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a 46 American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of 47 .What I had believed in, all those things I thought were 48 for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. 49 on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my 50 with my neighbors.Four years later, I moved back into 51 . I saw many people were having a really hard time, 52 their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to 53 a handful of people .There are four of us now in the house, but over time I’ve had nine people come in and move on to other places. We’d all be in 54 if we hadn’t banded together.The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It’s not so much about what I can get for myself; it’s about 55 we can all get by together.36. A. separately B. equally C. violently D. naturally37. A. off B. apart C. over D. out38. A. crossed B. left C. toured D. searched39. A. fullest B. largest C. fairest D. cheapest40. A. at B. through C. over D. round41.A. occupied B. abandoned C. emptied D. robbed42. A. turned B. approached C. cleared D. cut43. A. but B. although C. otherwise D. for44. A. benefit B. lesson C. nature D. art45. A. sticking B. looking C. swinging D. turning46. A. wild B. real C. different D. remote47. A. neighborliness B. happiness C. friendliness D. kindness48. A. unique B. expensive C. rare D. necessary49. A. Up B. Down C. Deep D. Along50. A. cooperation B. relationships C. satisfaction D. appointments51. A. reality B. society C. town D. life52.A. creating B. losing C. quitting D. offering53. A. put in B. turn in C. take in D. get in54. A. yards B. shelters C. camps D. cottages55. A. when B. what C. whether D. how（36. A 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D）说明文（2013广东）Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too.For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one,the bird will not 3 .However,if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group.But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled. It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world,and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's.1.A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend2.A. Importantly B.Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately3. A.survive B.care C. hatch D. notice4. A.gennerally B.sincerely C.casually D.deliberately5．A.distance B.range C.different D.interval6．A.amazing B.annoying C.satisfying D.disturbing7. A. relax B.recovere C.react D. return8. A. appointment B.excuse C. idea D. explanation9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill10.A. repo B. repeated C. designed D. approved11.A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk12.A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally13. A. single B. small C. local D. new14. A. seldom B. temporarily C.inerely D. often15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief语法填空One day,Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly,he 16 (find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son,”Go to the cillage and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much 17 too little.”His son looked surprised.”Ican understand why Ishouldn’t pay too much,Father,butif I can pay less, 18 not sace a bit of money?”“That would be a very 19 (reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroya small village like outs,”Nick said.Nick’s guests, 20 had heard their conversation,asked why they shoule not buy sale more cheaply if they coule.Nick replied,”The only reason a man would sell sale21 a lower price woule be because he wai desperate for money.And anyone who took adcantage of that situation woule be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldn’t 23 (possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little ,always 25 (think) that it was only samall and not very important ,and look where we hace ended up today.”（1-5：CBDAD 6-10：ADCAB 11-15：BDBDC 16.found 17.nor 18.why 19.reasonable 20.who 21.at 22.for 23.possibly 24.a 25 thinking）说明文(2013大纲版)Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication(非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really 38 , And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures（文化）. Indeed, what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 41 , different societies treat the 42 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact(接触) even with friends, certainly not with 44 . People from Latin American countries，45 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in 46 ， it may look like a Latino is 47 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 48 . The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 49 - which the Latino will in return regard as 50 _.Clearly, a great deal is g oing on when people 51 . And only a part of it isin the words themselves. And when parties are from 52 cultures, there's a strongpossibility of 53 . But whatever the situation, the best 54 is to obey theGolden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 _.(BDDCC ABCAB BDACD AACDB)【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。