第十七讲TwentiethCenturyFictionDhLawrence24页PPT
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第十七课 课文讲解
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第十七课课文讲解My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'My Dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。
尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。
这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。
演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。
去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。
一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！”1. My aunt Jennifer is an actress.actress n. 女演员actor 男演员waiter 男服务生waitress 女服务生-ess 表阴性hostess 女主人host 男主人prince 王子princess [‘prin ses prin'ses] n.公主; 王妃2. She must be at least thirty-five years old.must be 表示有把握的判断eg. You have worked all day. You must be tired. 你已经工作一整天，一定累了。
第十七课 Lesson Seventeen
第十七课 Lesson Seventeen第十七课：探索未知的知识之旅在我们的学习生涯中，每一课都像是一扇通往新知识领域的大门。
今天，让我们一同走进第十七课，开启一段充满挑战与惊喜的学习之旅。
这第十七课，就像是一个神秘的宝箱，等待着我们去揭开它的面纱，挖掘其中的宝藏。
它或许不像第一课那样充满了新鲜感和懵懂，也不像最后一课那样承载着满满的总结与回顾，但它却有着自己独特的魅力和价值。
在这一课中，我们可能会接触到一些全新的概念和理论。
这些知识或许一开始会让我们感到有些困惑，就像在黑暗中摸索前行的旅人，不知道前方的道路究竟通向何方。
但正是这种未知，激发了我们内心深处的探索欲望。
我们努力地去理解、去消化，试图在这一片混沌中找到一丝光明。
比如说，在数学的第十七课中，可能会引入复杂的函数运算，那些看似密密麻麻的符号和公式，就像是一道道难以跨越的关卡。
但当我们静下心来，一步一个脚印地去推导、去计算，最终成功解决问题的那一刻，那种成就感是无法言喻的。
又或者在历史的第十七课，我们可能会了解到一个鲜为人知的时代，那些被岁月尘封的故事和人物，在书本中逐渐鲜活起来。
我们仿佛穿越时空，亲身经历着那个时代的兴衰荣辱。
学习第十七课，不仅仅是知识的积累，更是思维方式的锻炼。
我们学会了从不同的角度去思考问题，不再局限于单一的观点和方法。
就像在解决一道数学难题时，我们可能会尝试多种解法，从中筛选出最优的方案。
这种思维的灵活性和创新性，将伴随我们一生，让我们在面对生活中的各种挑战时，都能够从容应对。
同时，第十七课也是对我们耐心和毅力的考验。
有时候，学习的过程并不总是一帆风顺的，我们可能会遇到挫折，会犯错，会感到沮丧。
但正是在这些困难面前，我们不能轻易放弃。
坚持下去，不断地尝试和改进，我们会发现自己在不知不觉中已经取得了巨大的进步。
在课堂上，老师的引导至关重要。
他们就像是明亮的灯塔，为我们在知识的海洋中指引方向。
他们用生动的讲解和耐心的解答，帮助我们消除疑惑，让那些晦涩难懂的知识变得通俗易懂。
劳伦斯D.H.Lawrence
劳伦斯编辑本段人物生平劳伦斯出生于矿工的家庭，没有名门望族的声誉，也没有名牌大学的文凭，他所拥有的仅仅是才华。
天才，用这个词来形容劳伦斯是恰当的，当时的英国社会很注重人的出身、教养，社会上还弥漫着从维多利亚时代以来的清教徒风气，生长在这个时代里的劳伦斯是与众不同的，有史以来的劳伦斯评论第一人——福特·马多克斯·休弗就这样评价他：他是个天才，是“浸透情欲的天才”。
英国人理查德·奥尔丁顿的这本《劳伦斯传》从他的《儿子与情人》写起——这是一本被普遍认为具有自传性质的劳伦斯名著。
D.H.劳伦斯的父亲阿瑟·劳伦斯是一位矿工，他所受的教育仅仅够他艰难地读报纸，而他的典型的生活方式是：在滚滚的炊火前，一边烤早餐腊肉，用面包接着腊肉上滴下来的油，断断续续地读着当天的报纸。
母亲莉迪亚则是一位经过良好教育的女子，她读了很多书和诗歌，崇尚思想，喜欢和有教养的男人讨论宗教以及哲学、政治等问题。
这样的一个家庭是十分不和谐的，父亲喜欢和矿工们去喝上几盅，喜欢纵欲享乐；母亲却一生戒酒，古板拘谨。
D.H.劳伦斯生活在家庭的飘摇之中，他所记得的是家门外的沃克街上白腊树的树枝在大风的呼啸中发出尖叫声，与家里母亲的尖声争吵、父亲的雄壮的男人声音和咒骂声混合在一起。
在这样的家庭中，他身体孱弱，敏感，富观察力，记忆力极佳，同时——为母爱所控制着。
《儿子与情人》中有他童年、少年生活的影子，书中的母亲成功地阻碍了儿子与米丽安姑娘的爱情，并为自己“胜利了”而额手称庆。
在这里，如果儿子摆脱不了恋母情结，他就无法真正地恋爱。
劳伦斯的《查泰莱夫人的情人》则因公然违背了时代风气而遭禁数年，直到不久之前，人们才认识到该书的价值，并把它翻译成多种文字、拍成电影广泛流传。
劳伦斯的书语言优美，气势恢宏，但除了《虹》在末尾勾勒出一幅彩虹似的带着希望的远景以外，其余的书都显得色调暗淡，冷漠，构成了一种独特的劳伦斯式的色彩。
新概念英语第二册17课超详细笔记
新概念英语第二册17课超详细笔记Lesson 17 Always YoungIn this lesson。
we learn about the concept of always being young at heart。
The idea is that no matter how old we are。
we can always keep a youthful spirit and attitude.One way to keep a ___ is to appear on stage。
Whether it's in a play or a musical。
being on stage can make us ___ and energy of the audience can give us a rush of ___.Another way to keep a ___。
For women。
this could mean ___.Overall。
the key to always being young is to keep a positive and open ___。
and don't be afraid to try new things。
With this mindset。
we can stay young at heart no matter what age we are.___-five years old。
This means that my aunt Jennifer is not a young girl anymore。
Despite her age。
she often plays the role of a young girl on stage.2、Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon。
劳伦斯·韦努蒂
一．劳伦斯·韦努蒂的基本信息及其主张：劳伦斯·韦努蒂 Lawrence Venuti（1953年—）学者，大学英语教授，专职翻译家，美籍意大利人，生于费城南部（此区域居住者多为意大利裔），七十年代早期在天普大学攻读英语文学，1980年获哥伦比亚大学博士学位。
主要著作：主编论文集《对翻译的重新思考:语篇、主体性与意识形态》（RethinkingTranslation: Discourse, Subjectivity,Ideology),（1992）、《译者的隐身一部翻译史》（Translator's Invisibility: A History ofTranslation)（1995）《不光彩的翻译》（The Scandals of Translation: Towards anEthics of Difference)（1998）.韦努蒂把解构主义的翻译思想付诸实施，提出了反对译文通顺的翻译策略。
其目的是：在思想意识上反对殖民主义的翻译观和英美民族中心主义和帝国主义文化价值观；在翻译原则和方法上，提创“存异”而不是“求同”。
通过对英美翻译历史的研究，他得出英美文化中译者和译作实际上处于“隐形”状态。
造成译者隐形的原因是由于归化翻译是英美翻译界的主流翻译方法所致。
鉴于归化翻译是英美翻译作品是主流翻译方法，而译者在这些翻译作品中都是“隐形人”。
Venuti主张“异化”翻译，号召译者采取抵抗翻译策略，以显示自己在翻译中的存在。
Venuti的异化翻译法归因于19世纪德国哲学家Schleiermacher的翻译论说：the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him. “译者尽量不惊动原作者，让读者向他靠近。
”VENUTI异化翻译理论中存在的问题:由于Venuti过分关注政治对翻译方法的影响，其所提倡的异化翻译理论忽视了文学翻译的主要目的，没有考虑到接受者的需求。
David-Herbert-Lawrence
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❖ The Origin of Oedipus Complex （恋母情结）
❖ In one of the ancient Greece and Rome mythologies there
was a prophecy that the new prince of Oedipus realm
D.H. Lawrence（劳伦斯）
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Life.
❖ As an innovator of psychological fiction and one of the most original and controversial writers of the early 20th century, D. H. Lawrence changed the traditional ways of thinking and feeling about human relationships and revealed the deepest instincts of human nature through his novels.
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❖ His mother , better educated than her husband, made every effort to raise the cultural level of her children to lift them out of working class. Disappointed in marriage by her husband’s coarse and drunken behaviors, she concentrated all her love on her two sons, and after the death of the elder son, on Lawrence himself who, in turn, acted as lover and protector. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. This kind of mother-son relationship as presented in his autobiographical novel（自传体小说）, sons and lovers, had a great influence on Lawrence’s life and frustrated his relationships with other women.
English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (17th century)
4. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (17th century)1）History background：●English Revolution (1649)●The establishment of a Commonwealth●The monarchy was restored (1660)●Glorious Revolution(1688)2) Main literature: poetry, comedy, prose3) Main writers and their works:⏹John Milton 弥尔顿Paradise Lost《失乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》⏹John Bunyan班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》⏹John Dryden 德莱顿Alexander’s Feast《亚历山大的宴会》The Indian Queen《印第安王后》⏹John Donne多恩The Elegies and Satires《挽歌与讽刺》教学目的：1．了解清教思想对英国文学的影响；2．掌握革命时期及复辟时期英国文学的总体特征及代表作家与作品。
教学重点：1．英国革命及“清教运动”，清教主义思想对文学的影响；2．玄学派诗歌的总体特征，约翰•多恩及诗作《跳蚤》分析；3．弥尔顿的诗歌特征；4．班扬作品的特征，《天路历程》的寓言特点；5．复辟时期文学的总体特征及约翰•屈尔顿的贡献。
教学难点：1．奇喻修辞的特点，《跳蚤》中奇喻的运用；2．《失乐园》中的圣经典故，作品如何体现时代精神；3．革命时期的文学与文艺复兴文学的区别。
教学方法：教师讲授、学生报告及课堂讨论相结合讲授内容：English Literature in the Seventeenth CenturyⅠ. Social BackgroundThe 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. Conflicts and clashes appeared between the King and the Parliament, which represented the bourgeois class.In 1642, a civil war (English revolution) broke out between Charles I and the parliament. At last, the royalists were defeated by the parliament army led by Oliver Cromwell. In 1649 Charles I was beheaded, and England was declared to be a commonwealth.After the death of Cromwell, the parliament recalled CharlesⅡto England in 1660 and monarchy was restored, then followed the Restoration Period.In 1688, the bourgeoisie invite William, prince of Orange; form Holland to be king of England. This is called the “Glorious Revolution”. This bloodless event completed the bourgeoisie revolution and modern England was firmly established. Ⅱ. The English Revolution and PuritanismThe English revolution was carried out under a religious cloak. So, English revolution also called the Puritan revolution. The Puritan Movement aimed to make man honest and to make man free.Puritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during this period. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work, but with very little extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor. Worldly pleasures were condemned as harmful. So in the triumph of Puritanism under Cromwell, severe laws were passed, many simple pleasures were forbidden and an austere standard of living was forced upon an unwilling people. The London theaters were closed in 1642.The whole spirit of the movement: fighting for liberty and justice，overthrowing despotism and making men’s life and property safe from the tyranny of rulers.Ⅲ.Literature of the 17th centuryEnglish literature of the revolution and restoration was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time.1. Literature of the Revolution PeriodA. general characteristics1) The Revolution Period was one of confusion in literature due to the breaking up of the old ideals. The Puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period. Literature was as divide din spirit as were the struggling parties.2) Literature in the Puritan Age expressed age and sadness. Even its brightest hours were followed by gloom and pessimism.3) Romantic ardor can not be found in literature of the Puritan period.4) John Milton, whose work would glorify any age and people, and in his work the indomitable revolutionary spirit found its noblest expression. For this reason, this period is also called Age of Milton．5)The main literary form of the period was poetry．Besides Milton, there were two other groups of poets, the Metaphysical Poets and the Cavalier Poets.B. Metaphysical PoetsThe Metaphysical Poets appeared in England at about the beginning of the 17th century. They sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new world and new poetry. With a rebellious spirit, they favored in poetry a more colloquial language, a single-minded working of one theme. Besides, they tended to logically reason the things, esp. emotions, psychologically analyze the emotions of love and religion, love the novelty and the shocking, use the metaphysical conceits, and ignore the conventional devices. The works of these poets are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.John Donne (1573-1631) is the founder of the Metaphysical School. Donne is famous for his frankness, penetrating realism and cynicism. He emphasizes his thought by fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles. John Donne’s masterpiece is Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》, among which The Sun Rising and The Flea are the two most famous poems.George Herbert (1593-1633) is "the saint of the Metaphysical School"(玄学派诗圣). His chief work is a collection called The Temple《神殿》, which includes his 160 short poems.C. Cavalier PoetsAnother school of poetry prevailing in the period' were the Cavalier Poets. Most of these poets were courtiers and soldiers. They sided with the king to fight against the revolution. The representatives of this school are Sir John Suckling (1609-1642), Richard Lovelace (1618-1657), Thomas Carew (1595-1639), and Robert Herrick (1591-1674).2. Literature of the RestorationRestoration literature is deeply influenced by French classical taste. It is a period of French influence.A. general characteristics1. The tendency to vulgar realism in the drama. Restoration writers sought to paint realistic pictures of a corrupt society.2. A general formalism. They produced coarse, low plays without interest or moral significance.3. The development of a simpler and more direct prose style.4. The prevalence of the heroic couplet (two iambic pentameter lines which rime together) in poetry.B. John Dryden (1631-1700)Dryden was a poet, a playwright and a critic. He established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms classified the English prose and made it precise, concise and flexible and raised English literary criticism to a new level. He was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century.John Milton (1608-1674)I. Life and literary careerMilton was born in London in1608. His education began at St. Paul's school, then he went on to distinguish himself at Cambridge University, where he graduated B. A. in 1629, and M. A. in 1632. His first work is an ode On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity（《基督诞生晨颂》，1629）After leaving Cambridge, he retired for nearly six years to his father's country house in Horton, where he devoted his time chiefly to further mastery of the whole range of languages, literature, science, theology, and music. During this period, Milton wrote L’Allegro (《快乐的人》，1632), Il Penseroso (《沉思的人》，1632), Lycidas (《利西达斯》，1638), Comus (《科玛斯》，1634).In 1638 he left England to complete his education with two years of travel in Europe, France, Switzerland and Italy. When he returned home in 1639, England was on the verge of a civil war. He soon plunged himself into the struggle and gave all his energies to the writing of pamphlets dedicated to the people’s liberty.Milton was married to Mary Powell in June 1642, but the marriage proved to an unhappy one. So for several years Milton issued pamphlets in which he argued that all Englishmen should have the right to get a divorce. In 1644, he published Areopagitica《论出版自由》, as a declaration ofpeople’s freedom from press.After the Revolution succeeded, Milton became Latin Secretary to the council of Foreign Affairs in 1649. He wrote a number of pamphlets defending the English revolution, such as Defence of the English People (《为英国人民辩护》，1651), and Second Defence of the English People(《为英国人民再辩护》，1654). Until the end of the Commonwealth, there were two leaders in England, Cromwell the man of action, and Milton the man of thought.Milton went blind in 1652, doubtlessly due to the severe eyestrain brought on by ceaseless reading and Latin composition. With the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Milton not only was confronted, but also was imprisoned and threatened with execution. Through the intervention of some friends who carried some influence with the new royal government, Milton was let off with a fine and some loss of property. Shortly afterward, living in blindness and virtual seclusion from all but the members of his immediate family, Milton began his masterpiece Paradise Lost. Before his death Milton published two other works on a grand scale,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. Both appeared in 1671; neither is as successful as Paradise Lost. Milton died in 1674.II. Major Works:Paradise Lost《失乐园》，1665Paradise Regained 《复乐园》，1671Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》，16711) Paradise LostParadise Lost is Milton's masterpiece, and the greatest English epic. It is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angels; their defeat and expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth and of Adam and Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God; Satan's temptation of Eve; the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden; and the possible salvation.A. The StoryB. Theme and CharacterizationThe poem, on the surface, was "to justify the ways of God to man", i. e. to preach submission to the Almighty. But under the surface, the main idea of the poem is the heroic revolt against God's authority.In the poem God is no better than a selfish despot. It has been noted by many critics that the picture of God surrounded by his angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch. While the rebel Satan who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. Satan and his followers who freely discuss all issues in council bear close resemblance to a republican Parliament. This epic expresses the reactionary forces of his time and shows passionate appeal for freedom.The theme is also about the fall of Men: man’s disobedience and the loss of Paradise. But having done it, Adam and Eve get freedom. They embody Milton's belief in the powers of man. Their craving for knowledge denied them by God, as Milton stresses, adds a particular significance to their character. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to an intelligent and active life.What makes Paradise Lost a powerful poem is precisely the way in which the Biblical past ispulled into the present in an intriguing way. Running through the poem are the key political questions of freedom and choice. From the perspective of Satan and his followers, rebellion against God was inevitable. The revolt may have failed, but it has left them their freedom. The final image of the poem is profoundly forward-looking, an image of gain through loss. As Adam and Eve go hand in hand out of Eden, the loss of Paradise is seen as the gain of a future for humanity on earth.The Image of SatanThe finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of hell, and Satan is the real hero of the poem. As a conquered and banished giant, he remains obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell. It is always from him that deep counsels, unlooked-for resources and courageous deeds proceed. It is he who, passing through the guarded gates of hell and boundless chaos, amid so many dangers, and overcoming so many obstacles, makes man revolt against God. Though defeated, he prevails, since he has won from God the third part of his angels, and almost all the sons of Adam. Though feebler, he remains superior in nobility, since he prefers independence to happy servility, and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy. To Milton, the proud and somber Satan represented the spirit of rebellion against an unjust authority. By using Satan as his mouthpiece, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of the Revolutionary.2) Paradise RegainedIt explores the theme of temptation and fall and shows how humankind, in the person of Christ, withstands the tempter and is established once more in the divine favor.3) Samson AgonistesS amson Agonistes is a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedy. The story was taken from the Old Testament. Samson was an athlete of the Israelites. He stood as their champion, fighting for the freedom of his country. But he was betrayed by his wife and blinded by his enemies the Philistines. One day he was summoned to provide amusement for his enemies by feats of strength in a temple. There he wreaked his vengeance upon his enemies by pulling down the temple upon them and upon himself in a common ruin.In this poetical drama, Milton is telling us his own story. Like Samson, he has been betrayed by his wife. He has suffered from blindness and been scorned by his enemies, and yet he has struggled heroically against his enemies. So the whole poem strongly suggests Milton's passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life. Samson is Milton.4) Features of Milton's Poetry or Milton’s contributionA. Milton is a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century. He is also an outstanding political pamphleteer of the Revolution period. He made a strong influence on the later progressive English poets.B. Milton is a great stylist. His poetry has a grand style. That is because he made a life-long study of classical and Biblical literature.C. Milton is a great master of blank verse. He is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry. He has used it as the main tool in his masterpiece Paradise Lost. His blankverse is rich in every poetic quality and never monotonous.D. Milton wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He made a strong influence o later English poetry.E. His poetry is noted for sublimity of thought and majesty of expression。
美国文学Unit17(4)RobertFrost
火与冰 有人断言世界将毁于火， 有人确信将毁于冰。 我赞同世界将焚于火， 因为我受尽欲火折磨。 假如世界注定要两番遭劫， 我，对冰冷的仇恨体验深刻， 会说冰有同样大的力量， 足以毁灭世界。
（彭予 译， 《二十世纪英美抒情诗选》， 河南大学出版社,1987）
Scientific Interpretation of Fire and Ice
Some think that the earth may be burnt up by the sun (fire), Others say Ice Age will kill life on the Earth.
Spiritual and Psychological meaning of the Symbols in the poem
1.
1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war.
2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings.
The 17th Century English Literature2
Con.
• 5. His pamphlets -----Of Reformation in England -----his series of pamphlets on marriage -----Areopagitica (in which he appealed for the freedom of press) :―Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken in to a muddy pool of conformity.‖
Con.
• If they be two, they are two so / As stiff twin compasses are two;/ Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show/ to move, but doth, if th’other do./ And though it in the denter sit,/ Yet when the other far doth roam,/ It leans and learkens after it,/ And grows erect, as that comes home./Such wilt thou be to me, who must/ Like th’other foot, obliquely run;/ Thy firmness makes my circle just,/ And makes me end where I begun. ( from A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning)
新概念第二册课文讲解：Lesson17Alwaysyoung
新概念频道为⼤家整理的新概念第⼆册课⽂讲解：Lesson 17 Always young ，供⼤家参考。
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【New words and expressions】 appear v. 登场，扮演 stage n. 舞台 bright adj. 鲜艳的 stocking n. (⼥⽤)长筒袜(棉的, 绒的, 并不是现在的丝袜) sock n. 短袜 ★appear v. 登场, 扮演 ① vi. 出现，显露(反义词是disappear) The plane appeared. The plane disappeared. ② vi. 当众露⾯;登场(演出等) The actor appeared. I can’t appear in this dress at the party. appear as 扮演……⾓⾊ He appeared as a prince. (prince n. 王⼦) appear on the stage as… (扮演的确切表达) My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl. ③ vi. 似乎，看起来好象(与seem同义)，显得(系动词，后⾯直接加形容词) He appears nervous. 他显得很紧张(看起来) She appears to know you. Now it appears you are wrong. ★stage n. 舞台 on the stage 在舞台上 in the stage 在某⼀阶段(时期) ★bright adj. 鲜艳的 bright red 鲜红⾊; bright yellow 明黄⾊; bright blue 宝蓝⾊ 【课⽂讲解】 1、My aunt Jennifer is an actress. 以-ess结尾的是⼥性;以-or、-er结尾的是男性 actor 男演员 ; actress ⼥演员 : waiter 男服务员 ; waitress ⼥服务员 prince 王⼦ ; princess 公主 lion 公狮⼦ ; lioness 母狮⼦ doctor 男医⽣ ; woman doctor ⼥医⽣ god 神 ; goddess ⼥神 (God 上帝,注意 “G” ⼤写) 2、She must be at least thirty-five years old. 年龄的两种表⽰⽅法： ①数字+years old，作表语 thirty-five years old 三⼗五岁 ②数字+-year-old，作定语 my four-year-old daughter must + 动词原形不得不, 必须;(对现在的)推测 She must be a model. She is fifteen years old. 她五岁了 She must be fifteen years old. 她很可能五岁 She must be at most fifteen years old. 她最多⼗五岁 She must be at least fifteen years old. 她⾄少⼗五岁 at least ⾄少, 最少 If you can’t clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it. at most 最多 3、In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. in spite of 不管，尽管 (“of” 为介词, 后⾯⼀定会加名词、代词或从句) in spite of this 尽管如此 In spite of this, I still like school. (school前不加“the”表⽰上学，加“the”只表⽰学校) In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary. 4、Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. join 参加了某⼀种团体 join sb./sth. join the army 参军 join the party ⼊党 join us (⼝语)加⼊我们(这个团体)中来 take part in 参加某⼀种活动 take part in the race 参加⽐赛 take part in a play take part in the party attend 出席 attend the meeting 参加会议, 出席会议 attend the party 出席宴会 attend the class 上课 Thank you for your attending. 谢谢⼤家的出席(到来) Thank you for your listening. 谢谢⼤家的听讲 5、This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. 两种年龄的表达： She is eighteen years old. She is a girl of eighteen. 6、In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. in (+颜⾊、⾐服) 穿着……样的⾐服，⽤介词短语取代动词，避免了⼀句话中出现两个动词 The boy in green. in a bright red dress 鲜红⾊的连⾐裙 bright,orange-coloured dress 鲜艳的桔黄⾊⾐服 7、If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!' ever = at any time 任何时候(时间副词) it must be ⼀定……(表⽰推测) grown-up adj. 成年⼈ be grown-up 作为⼀个成年⼈ grow up (⼈)成长 当有⼈问你年龄时，你可以这样回答： It is a secret. / It is privacy. I forget it. 【Key structures】 情态助动词must Must译为“必须”，可以表⽰“必要，命令或强制，邀请，决⼼，不可推卸的责任”等多处含义。
Revelation17启示录十七章
啟示錄第十七章Re 17:1 拿 著 七 碗 的 七 位 天 使 中 、 有 一 位 前 來對 我 說 、 你 到 這 裡 來 、 我 將 坐 在 眾 水上 的 大 淫 婦 所 要 受 的 刑 罰 指 給 你 看 ．One of the seven angels who had the seven bowlscame and said to me, "Come, I will show you thepunishment of the great prostitute, who sits on manywaters.這位天使到來要向約翰解釋那坐在眾水之上的大淫婦所要受的刑罰的異象。
因為這位天使是拿七碗的天使之一，有些解經家就認為這異象所啟示的，是屬於七碗審判內容的一部分。
“大淫婦”就是大巴比倫（啟14：8，17：5），巴比倫的一個明顯特徵就是淫亂（18：3）。
在但以理時代，是敵擋神和屬神百姓的最大惡勢力。
在使徒約翰時代，這“大淫婦”（大巴比倫）代表敵擋基督之羅馬帝國的惡勢力。
在末世時代，這“大淫婦”象徵所有敵基督的邪惡勢力和國度，是宗教的巴比倫，包括異端邪說、淫邪的教會和宗教組織，是末世一切屬世的榮華、富貴、奢侈、物質的享受、肉體的敗壞等的綜合代表。
“眾水上”是指多種民族、群眾、邦國、方言的人（啟17：5，耶51：13）。
在地理上來說，巴比倫城原來是在幼發拉底河和底格里斯河的兩河流域內。
“所受的刑罰”是在17：16和18章。
Re 17:2 地 上 的 君 王 與 他 行 淫 ． 住 在 地 上 的 人喝 醉 了 他 淫 亂 的 酒 。
2With her the kings of the earth committed adulteryand the inhabitants of the earth were intoxicated withthe wine of her adulteries."“行淫”指地上的各國都與此淫邪政權有交往，又接受混合的宗教，且大力支持，密切的合作或互相利用。
DHLawrence (英国作家劳伦斯)
Lawrence’s opinions earned him many enemies and he endured official persecution, censorship, and misrepresentation of his creative work throughout the second half of his life. At the time of his death, he was considered in Britain as a pornographer who had wasted his considerable talents.
Lawrence is now valued by many as a visionary thinker and significant representative of modernism in English literature.
Lawrence was born on September 11, 1885, in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, central England. He was the fourth child of a struggling coal miner who was a heavy drinker. His mother was a former schoolteacher, greatly superior in education to his father.
D.H. Lawrence and Frieda
Lawrence’s novel Sons and Lovers appeared in 1913 and was based on his childhood. Lawrence’s novel, The Rainbow (1915), was about two sisters growing up in the north of England.
The 17th Century
The 17th CenturyCultural backgroundSome important events marked the period:The death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603;The succession of James Ⅰ, the first Stuart King;The Puritan Revolution ( 1640-1660);The restoration of the Catholic King James ⅡThe Glorious RevolutionThe English RevolutionThe revolution meant 3 things:the supremacy of Parliamentthe beginning of modern Englandthe final triumph of the principle of political liberty for which the Puritan had fought and suffered hardship for 100 years.In short, this period was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values.There were two leaders in the English Revolution. Cromwell was the man of action and Milton the man of thought. In English literature John Milton ranks with Shakespeare and Chaucer.The King James BibleJames Ⅰas a king is sure not a good one but was commemorated by English literary for the King James Bible.language: simple (using no more than 6,000 words, thus more accessible to common people), direct, beautiful and melodious.Francis Bacon was the son of Nicolas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Seal of Elisabeth I. He entered Trinity College Cambridge at age 12. At 23 he was already in the House of Commons. Francis BaconOf studies --论读书Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
17John-Steinbeck-(1902-1968)
Influence
Prior to the speech, R. Sandler, Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, commented, «Mr. John Steinbeck - In your writings, crowned with popular success in many countries, you have been a bold observer of human behaviour in both tragic and comic situations. This you have described to the reading public of the entire world with vigour and realism. Your Travels with Charley is not only a search for but also a revelation of America, as you yourself say: ‹This monster of a land, this mightiest of nations, this spawn of the future turns out to be the macrocosm of microcosm me.› Thanks to your instinct for what is genuinely American you stand out as a true representative of American life.»
Nobel Acceptance Spextbooks.
The Grapes of Wrath
---- John Steinbeck
走遍法国Reflets1下17课中文翻译
第17课：在时装店Julie开着车。
Violaine坐在她旁边。
Vilolaine：这是你爸妈的车吗？Julie：这是我妈妈的车。
我爸爸不喜欢出借他的车。
Violaine：我爸爸也不喜欢。
Julie：看看这些人！我们永远不可能在这个街区找到停车的地方！Violaine：只要我们找，就可以找到Julie：正好，那边有一个。
我想车可以停进去。
Violaine：我不这么想。
这样你会越到人行道上。
Julie：只要我们想，我们就可以……车停的非常不好Violaine：喂，你没超过停车线一点吗？Julie看了看。
Julie：一点点。
别批评我了。
当我在准备考驾照的时候我反转停车的技术可好了。
Violaine：是的，辅导员中了你的魔了。
她们在一家成衣时装店。
Julie和Violaine在放慢衣服的桌上找着。
Julie：你对这家店很熟吗？Violaine：是的，当我还是学生的时候经常来这里。
我总是能找到一些好东西。
Julie：很好，我，我什么都没找到。
Violaine：我们才刚到这家店2分钟！喏，你知道吗，我的白蓝套装裙就是在这里买的。
它当时在一堆衣服下面，但是我找到了。
Julie和Violaine看裙子。
一位售货员靠近她们。
La vendeuse：有什么需要帮忙的吗，小姐们？你们在找什么特别的东西吗？Julie拿着一条裙子对着售货员。
Julie：我可以试一下吗？Violaine拿着另一条裙子。
Violaine：你不如可以试试这条。
我喜欢这条。
Julie：我不喜欢。
我更喜欢我这条。
你那条有点太严肃了。
Violaine：可是这是你想要的！Francois要嫉妒了，别忘了。
La vendeuse：那好，试试这两条。
试衣间空着。
Julie：不，不，我只拿一条。
Julie去试裙子。
La vendeuse：您以前经常来，我记得您。
Violaine：是的，我也是，我也记得您。
有很长时间我没过来了。
La vendeuse：你当时是另一个发型Violaine：是的，我留着短发。
The 17th Century
(3) some minor poems of exquisite workmanship one great master of verse — John Milton (4) the French influence in drama: A. rhymed couplets B. the unites (5) a literature of its own: witty and clever, but immoral and cynical the most popular genre: comedy A. coarse in language B. immoral and dishonest in their view of the relations between men and women
The Pilgrim’s Progressຫໍສະໝຸດ 天路历程》
a religious book the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream in terse, idiomatic prose characters: living men and women ► some elements of a novel: 1. vivid portrayal of characters 2. vivid dialogues 3. psychological interests
Paradise Lost
the most wonderful epic since Beowulf 12 books, intricate and contradictory composition the biblical legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race — Adam and Eve God and his eternal adversary Satan
典范英语七第十七本拓荒女孩读后感
典范英语七第十七本拓荒女孩读后感The Little House on the Prairie series by Laura Ingalls Wilder has always held a special place in my heart. As a young girl, I was captivated by the story of the Ingalls family and their pioneering spirit as they journeyed through the American frontier. But it wasn't until I stumbled upon "The Long Winter" from the Little House Series that I discovered the character of Almanzo Wilder and his quest to win Laura Ingalls' heart."Farmer Boy" is the seventh book in Laura Ingalls Wilder's series and the narrative is centered around Almanzo Wilder, the boy who would later become Laura's husband. The book follows Almanzo's daily life on his family's farm in upstate New York, providing a glimpse into the difficulties and joys of rural living in the late 19th century. Through Almanzo's eyes, readers gain insight into the hard work, self-reliance, and perseverance required to thrive in a farming community.Almanzo's story resonated with me on a personal level as I followed his journey from a young boy dreaming of being a successful farmer to a determined young man determined to make his dreams a reality. His unwavering commitment to his goals, his strong work ethic, and his willingness to take risks in pursuit of his aspirations are qualities that inspired me to reflecton my own ambitions and the steps I needed to take to achieve them.The character of Almanzo Wilder also serves as a reminder of the importance of family, community, and perseverance in the face of adversity. Despite the challenges and hardships he faced, Almanzo never lost sight of his goals, and with the support of his family and friends, he was able to overcome obstacles and achieve success on his own terms.As I turned the pages of "Farmer Boy", I was reminded of the resilience, determination, and sense of adventure that defined the pioneers of the American frontier. Almanzo Wilder's story is a testament to the enduring spirit of the pioneers who shaped our nation and a reminder of the values that continue to resonate with readers of all ages.In conclusion, "Farmer Boy" is a timeless tale of courage, perseverance, and the power of dreams. Through the character of Almanzo Wilder, readers are inspired to pursue their goals with dedication and passion, to embrace the challenges that come their way, and to never lose sight of the values that define them. Laura Ingalls Wilder's portrayal of Almanzo's journey is a testament to the enduring legacy of the American pioneer spiritand serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of hard work, determination, and self-belief in the pursuit of our dreams.。
海底两万里第十七章读后感50字
海底两万里第十七章读后感50字英文回答：Chapter 17 of "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" left me with mixed emotions. On one hand, I was captivated by the thrilling underwater adventures of Captain Nemo and his crew. The vivid descriptions of the mysterious underwater world, with its diverse marine life and stunning landscapes, truly transported me into their world. The encounter with the giant squid was particularly intense and had me on the edge of my seat.On the other hand, I couldn't help but feel a sense of sadness and isolation. The characters in the story, especially Professor Aronnax, longed for freedom and a return to the surface world. The vastness and beauty of the ocean were juxtaposed with the feeling of being trapped and cut off from the rest of humanity. This made me reflect on the importance of human connection and the desire for exploration and discovery.Overall, this chapter reminded me of the saying"there's a whole other world out there." It made me appreciate the wonders of the ocean and the unknown depths that still remain unexplored. It also made me ponder on the balance between exploration and the preservation of nature. Just like Captain Nemo, we have a responsibility to protect and respect the fragile ecosystems that exist beneath the surface.中文回答：《海底两万里》第十七章给我留下了复杂的情感。
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The White Monkey (1924), The Silver Spoon (1926), Swan Song (1928); d. Dramas: The Silver Box (1906), Strife (1909) Justice (1910) e. Survey of the British upper-class life through the Victorian to the Edwardian age.
I. Realistic novels at the beginning of the century
* John Galsworthy (1867- 1933) a. Doctor of Literature at Oxford, Nobel
Prize for Literature in 1932; b. The Forsyte Saga (trilogy)
The History of Mr. Polly (1910); c. Novels only in form (social analysis):
A Modern Utopia (1905), Tono-Bungay (1919): a combination of fantasy, social satire & social analysis.
sin, human nature), Iris Murdoch (existentialism) ; • Basic differences of Modernist novels from the traditional novels * subject matter: turning from the outer physical world to the inner spiritual world, focusing on self- expression (esp. the disappointment, fear & alienation in the modern world // anti-heroes); * Techniques: reflecting the world in a distorted way like prism (traditional novels prefer to mirror the outside reality).
* H.G. Wells (1fiction: The Time Machine (1895);
The Invisible Man (1897); b. Realistic novels/ social satire: Kipps (1905);
II. The Emergence of Modernism in Fiction * Henry James (1843- 1916) a. The first to study fiction as an art
* Arnold Bennett (1867- 1931) a. The Old Wives’ Tale (1908); b. Regionalism: 5 towns of the northwest
Midlands;
c. Naturalist tendency: Influence of environment on character (from Zola, Maupassant, Turgenev).
• Virginia Woolf (in “ Modern Fiction”, “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown”): the three writers are “materialists” – they were content to deal with the external material world & didn’t go on to explore those aspects of consciousness & the true inward life in which human reality resides. (陆建德: Woolf is being too radical. The three writers did explore the inner world of their characters sometimes, while Woolf’ overemphasis on inner exploration also led to her shortcoming of lacking vivid characterization.)
Aldous Huxley, George Orwell; The 1950s: the Angry Young Men –
Kingsley Amis ( Lucky Jim), John Wain ( Strike the Father Dead), John Osborne ( Looking Back in Anger); • Modernism in the 20th C. English fiction: 1912- 30: Conrad, Lawrence, Joyce & Woolf, 1940s: Samuel Beckett (existentialism // the absurd // experiment – Murphy in 1938 & Watt in 1953); 1960s (+ early 1970s): B.S. Johnson ( formal innovation), William Golding ( original