World Englishes

World Englishes
Group One
World Englishes
The global spread of English Characteristics of world Englishes Issues World Englishes in the classroom
Introduction
Issue 1: It is difficult to define an English user in terms of either amount of use or degree of proficiency. Being labeled a native speaker is of no particular a priori significance，in terms of measuring facility with the language. Thus，we believe that deciding who will be labeled an English user is not straightforward as might be imagined.
1）the desire of learners of English to emulate one or another inner circle English model 2）the availability of such models in accessible materials，not only in the classroom but also in broader social and cultural interactions.
The inner circle
India China
UK Australia USA etc
Nigeria Oman
Japan
The Philippines Singapore etc Brazil Egypt etc Greece
Types of variation and types of users
It will provides an overview of the topics and relationships of sociolinguistics, world Englishes, and language teaching.
The global spread of English
weakness
the validity of an interlanguage concept of outer circle Englishes would hinge crucially on two elements，But neither of these conditions can be shown to obtain in broad ways in the outer circle.
The native language of a relatively small island nation could have developed and spread to this status. Its path was foreseen by John Adams, who, in the late eighteenth century, made the following insightful prophesy: English will be the most respectable language in the world and the most universally read and spoken in the next century, if not before the close of this one.
Issues
Types of variation and types of users Interlanguage and World Englishes Range and depth The native speaker Speech community Standards and codification Monolingual attitudes and bilinguals’ creativity Power and ideology Teaching English across the world： types of input Communicative competence Intelligibility
Characteristics of world Englishes
Dialects are characterized by identifiable differences vis-à-vis other dialects, in pronunciation, lexical choice or usage, grammar, and so on. The Britiah phonetician David Abercrombie wore social barrier represented by Received Pronunciation (RP). He points out that RP speakers are outnumbered these days by the undoubtedly educated people who do not talk RP. Strevents made a cogent and useful distinction between dialect, “differences of grammar and vocabulary”, and accent, “differences of pronunciation”. In fact, the only cases where this strict pairing of dialect and accent does not operate are precisely in relation to Standard English. strevens’s analysis would strip the attitudinal goodness away from standard English.
Types of variation and types of users
Issue 2： ： when we say “English as a second language ，”we must do so with reference to something and something，and that standard of measure must， must given the nature of the label，be English as someone’s first language. This creates attitudinal problems，for it is almost unavoidable that anyone would take “second” as less worthy.
Interlanguage and World Englishes
the concept of interlanguage accounts for the observable differencs between varieties of English in the outer as compared with the inner circle.
Commonly accepted varieties of English today include American and British and also Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand. When you hear someone speak, you perhaps first identify their variety in terms of their pronunciation or accent. e.g. American speakers say path, Jag-uar British speakers say pahth,Jag-u-ar the national or regional character of the publication is likely to be even more apparent. the features of national lexis and usage do not interfere substantially with transmission of message. They do mark the text as something other than American or British, or Australian or Canadian.
Range and irst step toward being able to discuss English in its global context is to overcome a quite natural or intuitive concept of the ownership of language. It is necessary to establish a relationship between a language or language variety and its functions .
Three Frameworks for the Classification of Varieties of English
The Three Circles of English
The expanding circle
Types of variation and types of users
The outer circle