2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(2)(I)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(1)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（1）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx江苏,C)改编If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this depression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with depression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-depression means,they clearly did so quickly—and,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escapea predator(捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?( )A.A twisted body.B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D.A drop in blood pressure.2.The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see .A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB.how ichthyosaurs adapted to depressionC.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3.Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 .A.confirmed his assumptionB.speeded up his research processC.disagreed with his assumptionD.changed his research objectives4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .A.failed to evolve an anti-depression meansB.gradually developed measures against the bendsC.died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD.evolved an anti-depression means but soon lost it语篇解读:本篇为科普说明文,文章主要说明了鱼龙得减压病的原因和后果。
(完整版)2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选(1)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选（1）由 (xx四川广元高三第一次高考适应性统考)改编The ball struck the bat and flew high, above the infield. I gasped (倒抽气). Oh my gosh, it’s heading for Mitzi, Mitzi will never catch it. I don’t think she has ever caught a fly ball in her life. I wish Coach Jim wouldn’t have put her into the game. I know it’s the rule that all girls play, but I want to win. Mitzi just wants to have fun playing softball (垒球).I wish she hadn’t joined our team.So far we’ve won nine games. If we win this one, we’ ll have w on—all of our games and be the champions, Oh, gosh, look at Coach Jim. He’s standing up and watching the flight of the ball too and I bet he’s thinking the same thing that I am. If Mitzi doesn’t catch it, the other team will score and the game will be over. I’ve got a sick feeling in my stomach. I can’t look, but I have to. Look at her. She has her glove down by her side and she’s moving around.Now the ball is starting to e down. Mitzi isn’t moving anymore and she isn’t back far enough. It’s going over her head. I can hear our coach yelling from the bench. Back up Mitzi. Back up. Oh, God, I want to win this game so bad. Please let Mitzi catch the ball.It’s there. The ball has slammed into her glove and Mitzi’s arm is back over her shoulder. I’m closing my eyes. I can’t look anymore.It’s that? I hear a yell and then another one. I don’ t want to look. It must be the girls on the other team yelling. But that sounds like Mitzi yelling. I ’m going to peek (偷看).Mitzi is jumping up and down with her glove held high above her head and sticking out of the top of her glove, like an ice cream in a cone (圆锥体), is the softball. Mitzi caught the ball. We’re the champions.Mitzi, Mitzi. That was a great catch. I’m so glad you’re playing on our team.1.What does the autho r mean when she says “he’s thinking the same thing”?()A.The coach wishes Mitzi hadn’t joined their team.B.The coach hopes Mitzi will catch the ball.C.The coach thinks their team will win all the games.D.The coach thinks Mitzi will miss the ball.2.The author writes the first three paragraphs toA.make Mitzi’s latter performance look more strikingB.indicate that Mitzi is an excellent playerC.indicate the match will be a very close oneD.tell the readers that their team is a strong one3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?( )A.Hearing the yelling, the author was sure their team had won.B.The girls of the other team began to yell, for their team won.C.Mitzi succeeded in the end with the coach’s encouragement.D.Mitzi seemed confident of catching the ing softball.4.What is the best title for the text?( )A.A Close Softball Match.B.A Wonderful Catch.C.Don’t Lose Heart.D.My Friend Mitzi.语篇解读:Mitzi的同学和教练都不看好她的垒球技术,但在最后的关键比赛中,她的成功接球为全队赢得冠军起了至关重要的作用,令同学和教练刮目相看。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(2)(II)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(II)科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx安徽,C)改编Sometimes,the simplest ideas are the best.For example,to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large,flat,black surfaces.One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially,on the roofs of buildings.But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already,in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?Ten years ago,this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt,a Dutch engineer.He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up.The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes.Most of them run from one side of the street to the other,just under the asphalt road.Some,however,dive deep into the ground.When the street surface gets hot in summer,water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built.The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers,warming the groundwater,before returning to the surface through another pipe.The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.In winter,the working system is changed slightly.Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer.This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up.After performing that task,it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.1.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?( )A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.rge,flat,black surfaces need to be built in cities.C.The Dutch engineer’s syst em has been widely used.D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?( )A.To absorb heat from the sun.B.To store heat for future use.C.To turn solar energy into heat energy.D.To carry heat down below the surface.3.From the last paragraph we can learn that .A.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterB.the system can do more than warming up the buildingC.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaceD.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?( )A.What we shall do if the system goes wrong.B.What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.C.How the system cools the building in summer.D.How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.语篇解读:城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。
【优质试卷】2019-2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十 科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达优选习题
专题二十人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018山东聊城一模)Strongest Female Literary Characters of All TimeThere are some of history’s most inspiring and great females who can be found on the pages of these novels.Elizabeth BennetCalled “Lizzie” or “Eliza” b y her family and friends,Elizabeth Bennet is the stubborn and clever heroine from the 1813 Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice.She’s the second eldest of five daughters in the Bennet family,and like the rest of her sisters,she is expected to marry for status and money,not for love.To remain true to herself,she would rather remain single,a concept that was unheard at that time.Nancy DrewShe first appeared in the 1930s but remains one of the most iconic female characters in all of literature.Created by Edward Stratemeyer,Nancy Drew wasn’t simply a pretty girl.Instead,thebold,physically strong,and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries.Josephine MarchJo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.At 15,she is strong-willed,confident,andliterary and unlike her sisters.She is outspoken and uninterested in marriage.Jo both struggleswith and ch allenges society’s expectations of how women in the 19th century should carry themselves,making her one of literature’s most daring female characters.Hester PrynneRecognized by some critics as one of the most important characters in female literature,Hester Prynne is the leading character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel,The Scarlet Letter.Married but separated by distance from her husband,Hester has an affair with a minister and becomes pregnant.【语篇解读】本文是人物故事类阅读。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解(1)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解（1）xx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments －mostly for entertainment purposes － is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals．However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats．Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty．Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ nam e, diet, and natural range．The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs．The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise．This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis．A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is mon among animals kept in small spaces or cages．Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered．Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild．Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out．In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers．Haven’t we seen enough petitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them．Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.【小题1】How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?A．Dangerous．B．Unhappy．C．Natural．D．Easy.【小题2】In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.A．remain in cagesB．behave strangelyC．attack other animalsD．enjoy moving around【小题3】What does the author try to argue in the passage?A．Zoos are not worth the public support．B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.【小题4】The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________. A．pointing out the faults in what zoos doB．using evidence he has collected at zoosC．questioning the way animals are protectedD．discussing the advantages of natural habitatsxx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类You may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries — China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded.Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concent rated amounts on the earth’s surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented.Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, puters, iPhones, DVD players, puter monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are being more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery!America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will bee louder in the ing months and years.【小题1】What can we learn about rare earths?A．They are actually as abundant as Copper.B．They can be mined easily as other metals.C．They can only be found in a few countries.D．They are not really as rare as they are named.【小题2】pared with China, America _____.A．paid more attention to EuropiumB．has larger deposits of rare earthsC．started producing rare earths earlierD．has more rare earth mines【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that rare earths _____.A．are now in great demandB．can now be used in few fieldsC．are harmful to the environmentD．will soon be replaced by other metals阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(3)(II)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（3）(II)科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx四川,E)改编Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,”the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.So far,efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a pointscientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are mon,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels.1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?( )A.Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingB.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsC.scientists should improve the design of the experimentsD.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .A.they can prove the climate change clearlyB.they are very important in the food chainsC.they play a leading role in reducing global warmingD.they are growing and flowering much faster than before4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?( )A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.B.Its change will lead to weather extremes.C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(解析)-科普知识与现代技术(1)
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（1）AyearagoAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hi swife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,a ndthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmeric answhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift—$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially，”saysDave. ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromth eHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000. ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm. ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theythr ivedon(喜欢)comparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore，checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparent scouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything，”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatch es’wishthattheirlegacy—alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents—shouldenrichthewholecommunity(社区)andlastforgenerationstocome. Neighborshelpingneighbors—thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.【出处：济南中学2018寒假练习】体裁：夹叙夹议话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献的夫妻。
高考英语学科复习--科普类阅读理解解析版
2020届《高考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》选送（二）（1---40篇科普类阅读理解）一、存在问题及错误原因分析近年高考科普类阅读理解文本多为自然科学类或者人文社科类的说明文和论说文，2018和2019年全国卷I阅读理解试题中人文社科类和自然科学类的文本各有一篇，出现在C篇和D篇，占据阅读理解四选一试题的半壁江山。
高考中考生在科普类阅读理解语篇中的得分率较低，从近年我省高考实测数据来看，科普类文本的难度值低于阅读理解四选一平均难度的试题占到难题中的66.67%。
具体试题归类如下：（一）细节理解题2题28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?（2018年C篇）A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.【分析】本题为推理判断题，正确答案为B。
该题的难度为0.43。
误选D的考生达到52.25%。
体现出我省部分考生语篇意识不强，不关注上下文语境关联性，存在一知半解、似是而非的情况，无法基于文本信息进行正确的理解和推断。
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?（2019年C篇）A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.【分析】本题为细节理解题，正确答案为B。
该题的难度为0.51，属于难题。
误选C的考生达到23.27%。
考生在于审题能力不足，信息定位失误，错将事实当成期待。
2020高中英语二轮复习专题一：阅读理解第二讲 做出推理和判断——推理判断题
第二讲做出推理和判断——推理判断题推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。
高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。
【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ________．(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ________．(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．(5)Where does this passage probably come from?(6)What’s the author’s attitude towards...?(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。
[考向1]推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。
其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。
常见的设问方式：◆It can be inferred from the text that ________．◆It can be concluded from the passage that ________．◆The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．◆What can we infer about...?◆Which of the following statements does the passage support?◆What does the...paragraph imply?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ________．A．help students see their own strengthsB．assess students’public speaking skillsC．prepare students for their future jobsD．inspire students’love for politics[解题思路]第一步确定题干中的关键信息infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project第二步定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.第三步进行合理推断得出答案Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解专练详解—科普知识
.高考英语二轮阅读理解专练（详解）—科普知识2019Traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now.They are not, however,perfect. Drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would.Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle's speed so that italways arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible, but practically hard.Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University, and LiShiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobilephone applications.For a driver to benefit, he must load the team's software, named SignalGuru,into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his car's windscreen, with the camera lens (镜头) pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, and—if there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around ing this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly halfway through the test, from their unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.Fuel consumption fell, too—by about 20%.SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyanceand fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.1．Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because ________，A．they are expensive and easily breakB．they are too costly and not widely usedC．they are complex and confusing to driversD．they are theoretically possible but practically useless2．SignalGuru is an application used on ________.A．a cameraB．a computer..C．a mobile phoneD．a GPS system in one's car3．With the information it collects and processes, SignalGuru is able to________.A．help drivers avoid traffic accidentsB．allow drivers to adjust their speedC．change the traffic lights in advanceD．send information to all cell phones4．The tests in Cambridge and Singapore were impressive because SignalGuru________.A．proved to be unreliableB．operated at a high speedC．functioned rather stablyD．understood drivers'schedules(二)Have you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Whyplants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants.Auxin gives away its secretsAuxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plant—to a lowlying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions.A new means of transport for auxinThe transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxindependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内旳)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seemsfunctionally important for the various developmental processes.Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the rightplaceHigher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development ..of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes.1. Which of the following is TRUE of auxin according to the text?A. It helps the plant to bend at the right places while growing.B．It prevents the roots of plants from growing faster.C．It is no use when the surroundings have changed.D．It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.2. From Paragraph 3 we know that ________A. the researchers are not so sure if the transport for auxin is a new oneB．the levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plants C．PILS proteins delay the growth of plantsD．PILS proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin3．According to Paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by________.A. referring to Darwin's theoryB．observing plants straighteningC．doing intensive molecular researchD．watching plants in different places4．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. Why Plants Grow Towards the Light?B．Darwin's Dream Has Come TrueC．How Did Scientists Find Out the Secret?D．A New Way of the Growing of Plants(三)MinorityReport produced a Steven Spielberg's 2002 sciencefiction thrillerworld where computers could read minds and predict the future.It seemed fanciful at the time，but fantasy is edging closer to fact.On Jan.31，a team of scientists at the UC Berkeley，led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.These experiments are a big advance from 2006，when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black and white checkerboard pattern.The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary takeout of information from the brain.In spite of these breakthroughs，Jack Gallant，the neuroscientist who ledthe first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive”. The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the FMRI...“Eventually，” says Gallant，“someone will invent a decoding machineyou can wear as a hat.”Such an advance into the human mind，he says，might take 30 years.Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers，which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．New technology can read your mindB．Fantasy is edging closer to factC．A new discovery in human brainD．The intelligent computers in the future2．What did scientists at the UC Berkeley do?A．They produced a fanciful world.B．They made computers jump forward like a human.C．They managed to translate brain waves into language.D．They used computers to make short movies.3．Which of the following is impossible for the research?A．It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.B．Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.C．People will know what happens in their dreams.D．People's thoughts may be given away.4．What plays the most important role in the development of the technology?A．A computer. B．An iPad.C．A decoding machine. D．A hat.5．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A．scientists got the inspiration from a movieB．the technology still has a long way to goC．the technology has been put into practiceD．scientists have unlocked the secrets of memory..专题限时训练(三十七)(一)【解题导语】交通灯是规范交通旳重要工具，遇到红灯司机不得不停车，这不仅使人心烦还费油.本文介绍了安装在手机里旳一种软件，它能帮助司机调整车速，以避免等红灯.1．B 细节理解题.根据文章第二段第三句中旳“but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread”可知应选B.2．C 细节理解题.根据第三段第一句中旳“For a driver to benefit，he must loadthe team's software，named SignaGuru，into his phone”可知，SignalGuru是一种安装在手机里旳应用软件，故选C.3．B 细节理解题.根据第三段旳最后一句“Using this information，SignalGuru isable to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.”可知，SignalGuru可以帮助司机调整车速，避免等红灯.4．C 推理判断题.根据第四段中旳“This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge…In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.”可知，在这两个试验中，虽然各有干扰因素，但是SignalGuru运作相当稳定，并未受到“愚弄”，因此选C.(二)【解题导语】本文讲述了现代研究条件下对于植物生长素(auxin)旳研究成果.1．D 细节判断题.植物生长素旳功能在第二段中体现旳是resulting in the underside growing faster.2．D 细节判断题.由The researchers identified an important new link and meansof transport for auxin: PILS proteins.可知PILS蛋白质在生长素旳传播过程中起着至关重要旳作用.3．C 细节理解题.达尔文一开始只是对生长现象感兴趣但并没有得出结论，只有现在旳研究者经过了“密集旳分子生物学研究”之后才得出结论.4．A 主旨大意题.文章一开始就以疑问旳方式提出了主题，然后陆续揭示auxin旳功能. (三)【解题导语】通过科学家们旳努力，科幻电影中提到旳电脑能读懂人旳大脑并预测未来旳幻想快要成为现实了.1．A 标题判断题.根据第一段并综合全文可知，该文主要介绍了科学家利用新技术可能会读懂人旳大脑，故A项最适合作为本文旳标题.2．C 细节理解题.根据第二段第一句中旳“programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words”可知，应选C.3．A 推理判断题.根据第三段第二句“The possibilities are great；a disabled person could ‘speak'…on an iPad”及上下文内容可推知，该研究并不能使残疾人恢复说话旳能力，而是通过电脑读懂残疾人旳大脑，从而使其“说话”，因此选A.4．C 细节理解题.根据倒数第三段旳最后一句“The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the FMRI”，并结合倒数第二段旳内容可知，在该项技术旳发展过程中，译码机起着非常重要旳作用.5．B 推理判断题.根据文章最后三段旳内容可知...一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一.。
高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练3说明文之科普知识类
文体分类练(三) 说明文之科普知识类(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023浙江湖州、衢州、丽水二模)In countries around the world,women do more unpaid labor—housework,child and elder care,and the mental load of managing a family than men.New research suggests it takes a health toll(代价)on many of them.An analysis of 19 studies covering 70,310 people globally,which is published this month in TheLancet(柳叶刀)PublicHealth,found that the more of this labor women do,the worse their mental health.The findings point out women are more often diagnosed with anxiety and depression than men.Housework and child care,the research found,have much less of an impact on men’s mental health.That’s probably because they do so much less of it.In the United States,women do an average 4.5 hours of such work a day,pared with 2.8 hours for men,according to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.In Greece,women do 4.3 hours while men do an hour and a half.Even in the most genderequal countries,like Sweden,women do 50 minutes more a day than men.It’s also because the type of such work men do is generally lesstimesensitive.For example,men are more often responsible for outdoor tasks,like mowing the lawn,that are done less often and on their own schedule.Women are more likely to take on daily tasks that need to be done at certain times,like preparing meals or cleaning up.Social expectations probably also play a role.Studies have shown that women feel pressure to keep their homes clean,for instance,and feel judged if they don’t.Men,on the other hand,are often praised for doing daily tasks like taking a child to an appointment.The Lancet researchers said that drawing clear conclusions from the 19 studies was difficult and that more research would be wele.1.Howdoestheauthorshowtheresearchfindingsinparagraphs2and3?A.By giving examples.B.By listing figures.C.By making analysis.D.By telling stories.2.What does the underlined word “timesensitive” mean in paragraph 4?A.Flexible.B.Valuable.C.Demanding in timing.D.Challenging in skills.3.What can we learn from paragraph 5?A.Women are generally expected to do more household labor.B.Women will be punished by judges if they don’t keep their homes clean.C.Men feel stressed more often when they can’t take their children to the dentist.D.Men are supposed to take a child to an appointment instead of doing other housework.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Facts that men and women are unequal.B.Bad effects that housework has on women.C.Responsibilities that women share in families.D.Reasons why unpaid labor hurts women more mentally.Passage2(2023浙江宁波二模)Humans are not the animal kingdom’s only fashionistas.Tits(山雀) can be fashion followers,too,apparently.A latest study shows that,given the chance,they decoratetheir nests with this season’s musthave colour.Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin were following up on a study published in 1934 by HenrySmith Williams,an American naturalist.He noticed that when he put various colouredballs of yarn (纱) out in his garden,almost always one and only one became popularthat s eason for being included into local birds’ nests.But which particular colour was favoured varied from season to season.This suggested that the colour chosen byone of the early birds was spotted and copied by others.Williams’s work was,however,forgotten u ntil they came across it while followingup on a different study,published by a team at the University of Toulouse,suggesting fashionfollowing,too.Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin therefore set out to rerun Williams’s experiment,but this time to collect some actual numbers.The birds they followed were part of a wellmonitored population of blue tits in a wood near the institute.Most birds in this wood carried tracking devices fitted to them after their capture in mist nets.That allowed the institute’s researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by recording their arrival at foodcontainers throughout the wood.Instead of food,these containers were loaded with wool of different colours.Interestingly,researchers soon found that most nests of bluetits included only the colour of the wool first chosen by a nestbuilder.Tits,then,do seem to be “on trend”,when it es to nestbuilding materials.Whythat should happen remains obscure.Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds,and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit.Williams’s original work,though,suggests such initial choices are at random—a bit like those of the leaders of human fashions.5.What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin contributed to William’s work.B.Early birds’ colour preference was copied by their fellows.C.The yarn was the most popular material to decorate local birds’ nests.D.The colour of the yarn favoured by local birds was fixed throughout the year.6.How did Dr.Wild and Dr.Aplin improve Williams’s experiment?A.They observed the blue tits.B.They studied the habits of blue tits.C.They adopted the datacollecting method.D.They fitted tracking devices to food containers.7.What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 5 mean?A.Hidden.B.Evident.C.plicated.D.Shallow.8.What is the main idea of the text?A.Birds favour certain colours in decoration.B.Young birds follow their elders in fashion.C.Young birds are just as intelligent as people.D.Birds are just as fashionconscious as people.Passage3(2023福建厦门二模)In a new study,Iowa Psychologist Ed Wasserman gave the pigeons plex categorization tests that highlevel thinking would not aid in solving.Instead,the pigeons,by trial and error,eventually were able to memorize enough situations in thetest.This basic process of making associations—considered a lowerlevel thinking technique—is the same between the testtaking pigeons and the latest AI advances.The researchers sought to figure out two types of learning:one declarative learning,is based on exercising reason according to a set of rules or strategies—a socalled higher level of learning owned mostly by people.The other,associative learning,centers on recognizing and making connections between objects orpatterns,such as “skyblue” and “waterwet”.Wasserman’s team designed a difficult test to find out whether the pigeons use declarative or associative learning.Each test pigeon was shown a stimulus (刺激)and had to decide,by pecking(啄) a button on the right or on the left,to which category that stimulus belonged.What made the test so demanding was that no rules or logic would help finish the task.They have to memorize the individual stimuli or regions from where the stimuli occur.Over hundreds of tests,the four test pigeons eventually upped their score from 50% to an average of 68% right.“The pigeons are like AI masters,” Wasserman says.“Both of them employ associative learning,and yet that baselevel thinking is what allowed the pigeons to ultimately score successfully.”If people were to take the same test,they’d score poorly and would probably give up because they rely so heavily on rules or strategies.Those rules would get in the way of learning.The pigeon doe sn’t have that highlevel thinking process.But it doesn’t get in the way of their learning.Infact,in some ways it facilitates it.“People are stunned by AI doing amazing things using a learning algorithm (算法) much like the pigeon,” Wasserman says,“yet when people talk about associative learning in humans and animals,it is discounted as inflexible and unplicated.”9.Which of the following is a typical example of associative learning?A.Tom refuses to put hands on hot stoves after burns.B.Dolphins detect obstacles using sound waves.C.Chimpanzees use physical gesture strategies.D.Emily figures out math problems with logic.10.How did the pigeons improve their performance in the test?A.By pecking the stimuli.B.By finding rules or logic.C.By peting with each other.D.By making numerous attempts.11.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.AI and man use the same learning pattern.B.Associative learning is underestimated.C.People think highly of declarative learning.D.Pigeons finish tasks with AI algorithms.12.Which can be a suitable title of the text?A.Pigeon’s Peck Can Mirror High TechB.AI Contributes to a New Learning PatternC.AI Can Enrich Human Learning ExperienceD.Pigeon’s Learning Largely Extends High Tech答案：文体分类练(三) 说明文之科普知识类Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。
2019-2020学年度最新高考英语第二轮热点专题复习阅读理解Word版
2019-2020学年度最新高考英语第二轮热点专题复习阅读理解Word版——阅读理解(附参考答案)考情动态分析多年来阅读理解一直是高考英语测试的重头戏。
近几年的高考考试说明反复强调：阅渎是我国学生接触英语的最主要途径，也是高中外语教学的重点，在试卷设计和试题难度方面应该予以重视。
这一观点在近几年的高考试题中得到了充分的体现。
全卷l 50分，阅读理解占40分，更何况其他题型如完形填空、短文改错甚至单项选择等都是对阅读理解能力的间接考查。
没有人会怀疑今后相当长的时间内阅读理解能力仍将是高考考查的重点。
可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！1．高考对阅读理解的要求(1)《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求：要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。
考生应能：①理解主旨大意；②寻找具体信息；③识别不同文体特征；④根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义；⑤作出简单的判断和推理；⑥理解文章的基本逻辑结构；⑦把握作者的意图和态度；⑧理解文章的文化信息。
(2)《新课程标准》对阅读理解的目标要求：《新课程标准》在语言技能部分中对“读”的八级目标是这样要求的：①能识别不同文体的特征；②能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长旬；③能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；④能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；⑤能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；⑥除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。
2．近几年高考阅读理解的题型设置、命题特点及预测(1)题型设置阅读理解是历年高考英语的必考题型，在整个试卷中占的分值最大。
一般是4～5篇短文，共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分。
阅读理解的主要考查题型有：①细节理解：主要考查对支持文章主题细节的理解，以考查考生准确理解细节的能力。
一篇文章必须通过许多细节的信息来解释或表达主题，体现主题思想。
弄懂这些细节对于理解全文的作用是不容忽视的。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选(1)(可编辑修改word版)
2019-2020 年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选（1）由 (xx 四川广元高三第一次高考适应性统考)改编The ball struck the bat and flew high, above the infield. I gasped (倒抽气). Oh my gosh, it’s heading for Mitzi, Mitzi will never catch it. I don’t think she has ever caught a fly ball in her life. I wish Coach Jim wouldn’t have put her into the game. I know it’s the rule that all girls play, but I want to win. Mitzi just wants to have fun playing softball (垒球).I wish she hadn’t joined our team.So far we’ve won nine games. If we win this one, we’ ll have won—all of our games and be the champions, Oh, gosh, look at Coach Jim. He’s standing up and watching the flight of the ball too and I bet he’s thinking the same thing that I am. If Mitzi doesn’t catch it, the other team will score and the game will be over. I’ve got a sick feeling in my stomach. I can’t look, but I have to. Look at her. She has her glove down by her side and she’s moving around.Now the ball is starting to e down. Mitzi isn’t moving anymore and she isn’t back far enough. It’s going over her head. I can hear our coach yelling from the bench. Back up Mitzi. Back up. Oh, God, I want to win this game so bad. Please let Mitzi catch the ball.It’s there. The ball has slammed into her glove and Mitzi’s arm is back over her shoulder. I’m closing my eyes. I can’t look anymore.It’s that? I hear a yell and then another one. I don’ t want to look. It must be the girls on the other team yelling. But that sounds like Mitzi yelling. I ’m going to peek (偷看).Mitzi is jumping up and down with her glove held high above her head and sticking out of the top of her glove, like an ice cream in a cone (圆锥体), is the softball. Mitzi caught the ball. We’re the champions.Mitzi, Mitzi. That was a great catch. I’m so glad you’re playing on our team.1.What does the author mean when she says “he’s thinking the same thing”?()A.The coach wishes Mitzi hadn’t joined their team.B.The coach hopes Mitzi will catch the ball.C.The coach thinks their team will win all the games.D.The coach thinks Mitzi will miss the ball.2.The author writes the first three paragraphs toA.make Mitzi’s latter performance look more strikingB.indicate that Mitzi is an excellent playerC.indicate the match will be a very close oneD.tell the readers that their team is a strong one3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?( )A.Hearing the yelling, the author was sure their team had won.B.The girls of the other team began to yell, for their team won.C.Mitzi succeeded in the end with the coach’s encouragement.D.Mitzi seemed confident of catching the ing softball.4.What is the best title for the text?( )A.A Close Softball Match.B.A Wonderful Catch.C.Don’t Lose Heart.D.My Friend Mitzi.语篇解读:Mitzi 的同学和教练都不看好她的垒球技术,但在最后的关键比赛中,她的成功接球为全队赢得冠军起了至关重要的作用,令同学和教练刮目相看。
2019高考英语全国II卷阅读理解
2019高考英语全国I I卷阅读理解（带解析）（总5页）--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可--内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小-2019高考英语全国II卷阅读理解【2019全国II】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMy Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系歹U）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out % of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21.Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. CosmopolitanB. MatildaC. After DarkD. The Stand23.What kind of book is Gone Girl）A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.B"You can use me as a last resort（选择），and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲木昆球）club.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on 1■■ At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,"Alright. Yes, I'll do it."I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kidswhile the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?24.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph I ? A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn't good at sports.C.She just doesn't want to volunteer.D.She's unable to meet her schedule.25.What does the underlined phrase"tug at the heartstrings"in paragraph2 meanA. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deedsD. Provide advice.26.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She'll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.3：C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.CMarian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report."I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know"Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself, "she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for selfreflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology," said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30.What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. He's fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.31.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.DBacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution（解决方案）.“We don't give the students any brea ks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than'Are you working towards your goal' Basically,it's Tve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product."Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readyinga workable solution to test in space.32.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear different forms.D.They damage the instruments.33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationshipsB.To sharpen students' communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with school education34.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B.Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C.Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.答案及解析：A［答案］21, C 22. C 23, D ［解析］【士章大意】这是一篇说明文。
2019-2020学年度高考高三英语二轮专题复习阅读理解及答案
——教学资料参考参考范本——2019-2020学年度高考高三英语二轮专题复习阅读理解及答案______年______月______日____________________部门TERNANG,Mon—More than 10 000 people were made homeless in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday after six days of continuous heavy rain.Flooding first appeared at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks.People straggling higher ground were just in time to get away from the destroy of the flood.Most of the flood victims had to leave their possessions behind.The flood victims are now housed in various make-shift relief centers in the nearby town of Tulang.“Everything possible is being done to help the unfortunate people.”A government spokesman said,“In fact,money,food and clothing have begun to come in from public-spirited organizations and generousAccording to latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang.The whole town is expected to be totally covered by water.So far no casualty has been reported.56.According to the latest report .A.it had been raining for six daysB.more than 10 000 people had no place to liveC.the town had already been totally floodedD.the government tried its best to help the homeless people57.With the help of the government,the flood victims .A.were safe at higher placeB.got everything they neededC.lived comfortably in the relief centersD.were brought to Tulang within three hours58.The word “casualty”in the last sentence means .A.the house that is being builtB.the money that is given to the victimsC.the person killed or injured in an accidentD.the things lost in the floodBGlynis Davis:I first piled on the ponds when I was in the family way and I couldn’t lose them afterwards.Then I joined a slimming club.My target was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months.I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked.But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits.I told myself I’d lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year…but it didn’t happen.Instead of losing the pounds.I put the m on.I’d lost willpower and tried to believe that the old bage of fish and chips didn’t make any difference but the scales don’t lie. Roz Juma:To be honest,I never weigh myself any more I’ve leant to be happy with myself.It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips.My idea is simple.You shouldn’t be too much thinking about food and dieting.Instead,you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a supper-thin body.This is obviously the size I’m meant to beLesley Codwin:I was very happy about winning Young Silmmer of the Year.I’d look in the mirror unable to believe this slim lady was me!That might have been my problem——perhaps from then on I didn’t pay any attention to myself.Winning a national competition makes everything worse,though,because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you.I feel a completeRos Langfod:Before moving in with my husband Gavin,I’d always been about 110 pounds,but the pleasant housework went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year.Every so often I try to go on a diet …I’m really good on a few days,then end up having the children’s leftovers or eating happily chocolate——my weakness.I’d like to be slim,but right now my duty is the children and home.I might take more exercise59.What do you think the four women were all talking about?A.Their own slimming matter.B.Their life after marriage.C.Their work as a housewife.D.Different diets they prefer.60.Where are these short passage most likely to be taken from?A.Talks on the air.B.Advertis ements on the well.C.Book in a library.D.Magazi nes for children.61.What does the underlined word “scales”possibly mean?A.The coach（教练）in the slimming club.B.Some tool to measure weight.C.Glynis Davis’ dear husband.D.The salesperson in a food shop.62.Which of the following best describes each of the four women’s attitudes towards slimming?1.Glynis Davis a.I put on weight soon after got married2.Ros Jums b.Fame（名声）doesn’t necessarily mean success3.Leslcy Gowin c.Facts speak much louder than words4.Ros landford d.I like myself as I am,and to be what you areA.1-c;2-d;3-b;4-aB.1-c;2-b;3-d;4-aC.1-d;2-a;3-b;4-cD.1-a;2-b;3-c;4-dCChinese basketball players have never been so close to the NBA before but questions remain about how they will adjust to life in the NBA if they go.Wang Zhizhi,the 2.16-metre center for the Bayi Rockets who was chosen by the Dallas Mavericks two years ago,has finally received permission from authorities to travel to Dallas to play for the rest of the NBA season after he finishes playing in the Chinese Basketball Association’s finals on March 25th.If he has no problems with his visa(签证),Wang will be the NBA’s first Asian player.Wang was chosen by the Mavericks in the second round of the 19xx draft but the Rockets,and army-run club,refused to let him go.After negotiations（谈判）between the Rockets and NBA representatives（代表）,the decision was made to allow Wang the chance to try his hand at American basketball,but onlyfor a period of short time.He has to be back to play in theAnother center who has attracted attention from the NBA is Yao Ming,the 2.25-meter star who has led to the Shanghai Sharks into the finals fight with the Rockets this year.The 20-year-old’s NBA dreams might be harder to realize.Yao is the center of the Sharks and the club’s manager Bei Genyuan has said that he would allow Yao to go only at a proper time,for a proper team anYao hasn’t been chosen yet and it is unlikely that he will be any time soon.People in the Shark’s front office earlier told members of the press that “it is not proper for Yao to attend the draft this year”because he has to repr esentEven if Wang and Yao make it to the promised land of basketball at last,analysts on both sides of the Pacific have said the NBA road will be a long one for both of them.Besides needing to work on their upper body strength,Wang and Yao will also have to adapt（适应）to the speed,techniques and63.Yao Ming has attracted attention from NBA because .A.he is 2.25 metres tall,who is the tallest basketball player in ChinaB.he is the center of the Shanghai Sharks and has led Sharks into the final fight with the RocketsC.he is regarded as the best basketball player in ChinaD.he is thought highly of in the international world64.Yao Ming can play for NBA if .A.there is no problem with his visaB.NBA agrees to supply favorable conditions for himC.time and conditions are properD.NBA can pay a large sum of money for Sharks65.The underlined phrase“try his hand”in the passage probably means .A.初试身手B.碰碰运气C.成为一员D.为其效劳66.NBA chose Wang Zhizhi so that .A.it can show NBA need talentsB.Wang Zhizhi can have a bright futureC.its whole level will be improvedD.it can make Wang Zhizhi world-famous67.When Wang Zhizhi plays in NBA,he will have to adapt to many things of NBA except . A.rules of basketball B.the speedC.cultureD.techniquesDAntigua and Barbuda is the 32nd independent (独立的)nation in Latin America.It lies in the Caribbean Sea about 700 kilometers from South America,between Dominica on the west and Guadeloupe on the southeast.Antigua is the main island on which is its capital Saint John.The other two islands are Barbuda and Aedonda.The total area is about 441 square kilometers with a population of 80 thousand.Antigua was first discovered by Columbus in 1493.It was named after a Spanish church in Seville.The Spanish and the French had tried to settle in the place but were not successful.It later fell into the British hand and became a colony（殖民地）for more than three hundred years.It declared independence on November 1,1981.Its main agricultural products are cotton and sugar-cane.But about one third of its national income is from tourism（旅游）.English is the language spoken in the country.The United Nations accepted it as its 157th member state on November 11,1981.68.The Europeans discovered Antigua .A.in 1981B.in the 19th centuryC.300 years agoD.over 500 years ago69.Which of the following is true according to the article?A.The Spanish and French wanted to divide these islands between them.B.The Spanish and the French made peace on these islands.C.The British got to these islands before the Spanish.D.The Spanish and the French tried to go and live there but failed.70.Which of the following is wrong according to the article?A.Seville is a city in Spain.B.At the beginning of the 1980’s there were more than one hundred and fifty member states in the UN.C.The British came to these islands earlier than the Spanish.D.Antigua and Barbuda was ruled by the British for a long time.71.From this article we can conclude .A.Antigua and Barbuda is the last country accepted by the United NationsB.A citizen may look November 1 as his own independent day in Antigua and BarbudaC.November 1 must be the national day of Antigua and BarbudaD.English,Spanish and French are widely used by the governmentEOne evening Mr.Green was driving in his car along a lonely country road.He had been to London where he had drawn ￡ 50 from the bank,and he was now returning home with the money which he had put in his pocket book.At the loneliest part of the road a man in shabby,badly-fitting clothes stopped him and asked for a lift.Mr.Green told him to get into the car and continued on his way.As he talked to the man he learned that he had been in prison for robbery and had broken out of prison two days ago.Mr. Green was very worried at the thought of the ￡ 50 that he had put in his pocket book.Suddenly he saw a police-car and had a bright idea.He had just reached a small town where the speed limit was 30 miles an hour.He pressed down the accelerator and drove the car as fast as it would go.He looked back and saw that the police-car had seen him and had begun to chase him.After a mile or so the police-car overtook him and ordered him to stop.A policeman got out and came to Mr.Green’s car.Mr.Green had hoped that he could tell the policeman about the escaped robber,but the man had taken a gun out of his pocket and had put it to Mr.Green’s back.The policeman took out his notebook and pencil and said he wanted Mr.Green’s name and address.Mr.Green asked to be taken to the police station but the policeman said,“No,I want your name and address now.You will have to appear at the police court later.”So,Mr.Green gave the policeman his nameand address.The policeman wrote it down,put his notebook and pencil back in his pocket and gave Mr.Green a talk about dangerous driving.Then Mr.Green started up his car again and drove on.He had given up all hope of his ￡50,but just as he reached the outskirts of London,the passenger said he wanted to get out here.Mr.Green stopped the car,the man got out and said,“Thanks for the lift.You’ve been good to me.This is the least I can do in return.”And he handed Mr.Green the policeman’s notebook.While the policeman had talked to Mr.Green,the thief had stolen the notebook.72.What was Mr.Green worried about when he learned the man was an escaped robber?A.The ￡50 in his pocket book.B.His life.C.Hiscar.D.His pocket book.73.Which of the following is true?A.Mr.Green wanted to be taken to the police station right away but the policeman refused him.B.The policeman asked Mr.Green to come to the police station right away.C.The policeman told Mr.Green that he would have to pay a fine.D.Mr.Green would not give his name and address but promised to appear at the police court later.74.What did the robber give Mr.Green when he got out of the car?A.The pistol he had put to the back of Mr.Green.B.Some money.C.Some money and the stolen notebook.D.The policeman’s notebook.75.Why did the robber steal the policeman’s notebook?A.He wanted to show he could do something other people could not do.B.He thought he should do something to save Mr.Green from trouble.C.He had no other purpose but playing a trick on the policeman.D.He meant to use the notebook to pay for the life.56~60 DBCAA61~65 BABCA 66~70 CADDC71~75 BAADB。
2019-2020学年度最新高考英语二轮复习专题训练阅读理解-docxWord版
2019-2020学年度最新高考英语二轮复习专题训练阅读理解-docxWord版(附参考答案)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A1. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you.C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.2. How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?A. They resemble human friends exactly.B. They are unfamiliar types we like.C. They never desert us.D. They never hurt our feelings.3. Which of the following is true?A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books.B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up reading.C. Books can always help you to live a colorful life.D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.4. The word “weary” means ______.A. “to attract someone’s attention”B. “to distract someone’s attention”C. “to make someone very tired”D. “to make someone interested”5. “... the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that ____________.A. in books the world is more accessible to usB. we can ask to go anywhere in the worldC. we can make a claim to everything in this worldD. we can make a round-the-world trip free of chargeB1) Do you prefer working alone or with other people?There are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy. Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that2) How do you handle change?Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life, you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often. Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.4) What type of work environment do you enjoy？This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately to a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairlyquickly.5) How do you like to get paid?Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that. The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.Anyway, these are a great starting point for you. I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love. It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Isolating jobs usually drive people mad.B. Interactive jobs make people shy easily.C. Extreme people tend to work with others.D. Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs.7. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph one mean?A. Before you select your job, you should assess your skills and match them with your positionB. There are more important things than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select job.C. Nothing is important than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select job.D You should ignore your skills when you select job.8. What is the missing word about a job search in the following chart?A. Design.B. Changes.C. Cooperation.D. Hobbies.9.What is the best title for this passage?A. Lifestyles and Job PayB. Jobs and EnvironmentC. Job Skills and AbilitiesD. Personalities and JobsCJack London had endured more hardships by the age of twenty-one than most people experience in a lifetime. His struggles developed in him sympathy for the working class and a lasting dislike of hard work and provided inspiration for his career as a writer.London grew up in San Francisco in extreme poverty. At an early age, he left school and supported himself through a succession of un skilled jobs ----working as a paper boy, in bowling alleys, on ice wagons, and in canneries（罐头食品厂）and mills. Despite working long hours at these jobs, London was able to read constantly, borrowing travel and adventure books from the library.Once back in California, London became determined to earn a living as a writer. He rented a typewriter and worked up to fifteen hours a day, spinning his Alaskan adventures into short stories and novels.According to legend, London’s piles of rejection slips from publishers grew to five feet in height! ell on the way of creating a new model for spreading through his Beauty Ranch when he died of kidney disease at age 40. He left over fifty books of novels, stories, journalism, and essays, many of which have been translated and continue to be read around the world. His best works describea person’s struggle for survival against the powerful forces of nature. “To Build a Fire”, for example, tells the story of a man’s fight to survive the harsh cold of the Alaskan wint er.10._________made Jack London reconsider his life in the future.A. His job experienceB. The books he readC. Being arrestedD. Long-hour work11. What is TRUE about Jack London?A. Jack London was poor all his life.B. Jack London got enough money while in the search of gold.D. The experience of gold searching made Jack London determined to write novels about Alaska adventures.12. After the experience in Alaska, Jack London ________________.A. realized the nature of human beings.B. knew people could control the nature finally.C. regretted being there.D.thought highly of himself.13. In paragraph 4, the sentence “True, the new region was mostly poor; but its several hundred thousand square miles of coldness at least gave breathing space to those who else would have choked at home.” implies_______________________________.A. Jack London regarded Alaska a poor place as he never got any gold there.B. people would have been ill at home if they had never been Alaska.C. People searching for gold there still have chance to win.D. Alaska was a poor but large region.14. Which one of following works doesn’t belong to Jack London according to the passage?A. love storiesB. poetryC. journalismD. essays15. What ca n we learn from Jack London’s final success?A. Failure is the mother of success.B. Practice makes perfect.C. Knowledge is powerful.D. All of above.DIf your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well.The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. Th e children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said.Researchers randomly assigned（分派）173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents usedstickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later.Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.16．The purpose of writing the passage is .A．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetablesB．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s dietC．to explain why children hate to eat vegetablesD．to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents17．The underlined word “backfire”in Paragraph 2 probably means “”. A．shoot from behind the back B．make a lire in the hackyardC．produce an unexpected result D．achieve what was planned18．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.B．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables. C．Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.D．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.19．How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?B．By asking questions.C．By giving examples, D．By discussion.20．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.B．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.C．Children are difficult to inspire.D．Parents should give up verbal praise.1234568 9 10 C C D C A D B C D C111213141516171920 D A C B D A C B A B。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解(1)(I)
科普知识（阅读理解）由（xx新课标全国I ,B）改编The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert（警觉）.Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card withtwo black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card andreplaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards changefrom one to the other,her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus — un til a third,withthree black spots,is prese nted.Her gaze retur ns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Ca n she tell that the nu mber two is differe nt fromthree,just 24 hours after ing into the world?Or do n ewbor ns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experime nt,but with threespots show n before two,shows the same retur n of in terest whe n the nu mber of spotscha nges.Perhaps it is just the newn ess? When slightly older babies were show n cardswith pictures of objects（a b,a key,an orange and so on）,changing the number of objects had an effect separate from cha nging the objects themselves.Could it be the patter n that two things make,as opposed to three? No aga in .Babies paid more atte nti on to squares movi ng ran domly on a scree n whe n their nu mber cha nged from two to three,orthree to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited whe n they the n heard three drumbeats tha n whe n theyheard just two;likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.1. The exper iment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby ' s ________ .A. se nse of heari ngB.se nse of sightC.se nse of touchD.se nse of smell2. Babies are sen sitive to the cha nge in _____ .A. the size of cardsB. the colour of picturesC. the shape of patter nsD. the nu mber of objects3. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?( )A. To reduce the difficulty of the experime nt.B. To see how babies recog nize soun ds.C. To carry their experime nt further.D. To keep the babies ' interest.4. Where does this text probably e from?( )A. Scie nee fiction.B. Children ' s literature.C. A n advertiseme nt.D. A scie nee report.语篇解读：本文为说明文。
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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(I)科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx山东,C)改编You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you gettin g wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain—sensing umbrella.The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said.The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?( )A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?()A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?( )A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→can opyD.canopy→motor→sensors4.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?( )A.Its moving speed.B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.D.Its safety.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( )A.The designer will open a pany to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。
答案及剖析:1.C 细节理解题。
根据第一段的最后两句可知,他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。
2.A 推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容可知,Belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程,是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感,故A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。
根据文章的第三段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭,由此可知,其顺序为:传感器——马达——伞篷。
4.D 推理判断题。
第五段中提到几个关键词语:低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害,使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米。
这些都是安全方面的问题,故D项正确。
5.C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Belyaev says...insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk...”可知,他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上,这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心。
【疑难词汇解读】1.shelter n.庇护,遮蔽;庇护所;避难处An old hut gave shelter from the storm.一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方。
2.install vt.安装,设置(装备)They’ve installed the new puter network at last.他们终于安装了新计算机网络。
【长难句子分析】and虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划,但Belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门,并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(xx·江西八校联考)The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could bee part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japane se hightech panies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power p roduction. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,xx caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increasedinterest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In xx，Fuji Electric bui lt the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1．What would be the best title for the text?A．Alternative energies in JapanB．World’s largest geothermal plantC．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technologyD．Japan thinks of geothermal energy2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________. A．a change of rules B．financial supportC．local peopl e’s help D．high technology4．Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by________. A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki MatsuiC．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaB．Japan will not export its geothermal technologyC．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is greatD．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan语篇解读本文为一篇科普说明文。